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星火英语专业考研考点精梳与精炼英汉互译节选(三)

星火英语专业考研考点精梳与精炼英汉互译节选(三)
星火英语专业考研考点精梳与精炼英汉互译节选(三)

深圳大学

Translate the following passages into Chinese(深圳大学2007研,考试科目:综合英语)

题1

As miracle goes, a number of Black American so nonchalantly taking the reins of huge companies does not, of course, really rank with the parking of the sea. However, it does say something significant concerning better opportunity in an arena that , until very recently ,might as well have hung “Blacks Not Allowed ”signs. And, if nothing else, the successes of such high-profile Afro-American figures as new corporate titans offer the black youngsters a glance at a possible future and a loftier path, and serve as a reminder to all of us , black or white ,that a nation is at its best when talent triumphs over precedent, when preconceptions make way for excellence in whatever package excellence arrives.

参考译文

正如奇迹发生那样,很多美国黑人如此慢不经心的掌管者大公司,当然不能真正与白人的企业分庭抗礼。然而,这确实能说明一些关于黑人在这个舞台拥有更好机遇的重要问题,哪怕直道最近,这舞台还是可能挂着“黑人禁止入内”的标志。而且,如果没有别的,这种知名的美国黑人新企业巨头的成功给那些黑人青少年提供了一个看到可能的未来和崇高道路的机会,并且提醒所有的人,无论是黑人还是白人,一个国家最好的时候是当新人击败前人时,也是旧概念给优秀的品牌让路的时候。

采分点分析

…the successes of such high-profile Afro-American figures as new corporate titans offer the black youngsters a glance at a possible future and a loftier path…

[分析] 这句话的glance是名词“一憋”,中英文的差异之一就是英语中常使用名词,而汉语里则多用动词,为符合汉语表达习惯,此时将名词转译成动词,“看到”。因此,这句话应该被译成:给那些黑人青少年提供了一个看到可能的未来和崇高道路的机会。

题2

Disappointment is the stuff bad dreams are made of,dreams of failure, Inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that there’s never enough of it to go around in a zero-sum game where one person’s winning must be offset by another’s losing. We have been growing up in a nation where,according to the gospel of a famous football coach , winning is not the most important thing---it is the only thing .To lose, to fail, to go under ,to go broke--- these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment due to the final grade B might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.

参考译文

失落充满我的噩梦的是失败,缺陷,名誉和地位的丧失。成功的实质是永远走不完的零和游戏,在这里一个人的胜利一定抵消了另一个人的失败。我们在这样一个国度中成长,在这个现在的繁荣被当作拯救人类未来的方法的世界里大逆不道的事。在另一个社会中,你耸耸肩可能就能将失落甩开,但在我们的社会,你不能。

中山大学

Translate the following passage into Chinese. (中山大学2006研,考试科目:基础英语)

If Darwinian theory works so well, why challenge it? There are several reasons to do so. Although Darwinian theory explains many of the facts of evolution better than any other theory, it does not necessarily explain the whole process. Also, some of the results of evolution do not match what Darwinian theory would predict. For example, if evolution leads to a perfect adaptation through natural selection acting on random hereditary changes, the process ought to slow down as it gets closer to the optimum for each species because fewer favourable changes can be made. We should also see a decrease in the number of species as they compete with one another and unsuccessfull species are eliminated. But we see no such slowing down, and the number of species appears to be at least as great as in the geologic past and perhaps even greater.

Still another problem with Darwinian involves extinction. The dinosaurs were extremely successful for a long time---they lived on the earth much longer and had more species than many other animal groups. About the only failing of the dinosaurs that we know for sure is that they did not survive. We can work out fairly plausible explanation for such major extinction and for the continuing fast pace of evolution. However, some evolutionists believe that such explanations stretch Darwinian theory too far.

参考译文

如果达尔文的进化论言之有理的话,为何还有对它提出质疑呢?其实这俄作还是有很多原因的。虽然达尔文的进化的理论在解释许多进化实事方面比其他的理论都略胜一筹但他却未必能解释整个生物的进化过程。而且,有些进化结果与达尔文进化理论的预测并不相符。例如,如果说生物通过自然选择而发生随机的遗传变异,从而进化到理想的进化状态,那么当它们进化的程度越来越接近最佳的状态时,它们的进化过程就会减慢,因为对其进化有利的变异就越来越少了。在这个竞争的过程中,物种数量会减少,而那些竞争力小的物种也将被淘汰。可是我们并没有发现这种现象,至少现在物种的总数并不比以往地质时期少,甚至还可能更多。

达尔文进化论的另一个问题就是物种灭绝的问题。历史上很长一段时间内,恐龙所向披靡,它们在地球上存活的时间比其他动物长,种类比其他动物多。关于恐龙的灭绝,我们所能确定的也是他们没能存活下来。我们可以找到很多合理的理由来解释恐龙的灭绝和一直以来飞快的进化速度。然而,一些进化学家认为哲学进化论解释的太过牵强附会了。

采分点分析

1.Although Darwinian theory explains many of the facts of evolution better than any other theory, it does not necessarily explain the whole process.

[分析] 本句意思比较容易理解,但应注意到中英文的差异及相应的翻译策略,英文中表示比较的对象往往外语动词之后,如“better than any other theory”就在动词explain 之后,但是翻译成中时,我们必须处理为“达尔文的进化理论比其他理论略胜一筹”,其中“比其他理论”这一状语需放在动词“略胜一筹”之前。

2. For example, if evolution leads to a perfect adaptation through natural selection acting on random hereditary changes, the process ought to slow down as it gets closer to the optimum for each species because fewer favourable changes can be made

[分析]本句结果比较复杂,复合句中含有复合句,如果直译就不符合中文的表达习惯,因此要采用拆译法。首先将through 引导的介词短语处理成一个汉语的小句,“通过自然选择而发生随机的遗传变异”,接着将if从句中的主谓语译出,“进化到最理想的进化状态”;在对整句主句的处理中,也是首先处理as引导的时间状语从句,“当它们进化的程度越来越

接近最佳状态时,”然后按照时间关系说出结果,“它们的进化过程就会减慢”,最后将because 引导的从句紧跟其后,说明原因,“因为对其进化有利的变异越来越少了。”

题2. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Discipline and punish (1975) is a genealogical study of the development of the “gentle r”modern way of imprisoning criminals rather than torturing or killing them. While recognizing the element of genuinely lightened reform, Foucault particularly emphasizes how such reform also becomes a vehicle of more effective control, “to punish less, perhaps; but certainly to punish better.” He further argues that the new mode of punishment becomes the model for control of an entire society, with factories, hospitals and schools modeled on the modern prison. We should not, however, think that the deployment of this model was due to the explicit decision of some central controlling agency. In typically genealogical fashion, Foucault’s analysis shows how techniques and institutions, developed for different and often quite innocuous purpose, converged to create the modern system of discipline power.

参考译文

现在罪犯被关押而不是被折磨或处死,《规训与惩罚》(1975)就是对这种比较“温和”的现代方式的发展所作的系统研究。尽管福柯意识到这种发展之中的确存在着开明的因素,但他还是特意指出这种变革也同时会变成一种更有效的控制:“也许惩罚确实少了,但是惩罚更有效了。”他进一步指出,这种新的惩罚形式也变成了整个社会的管理形式,工厂,医院和学校都依照现代监狱的模式建构。然而,我们不要以为这种模式的实施是因为某个中央权力机构的明确指示。按照典型的系统研究的方式,福柯的分析表明各种技术部门和机构虽然出于不同的,无害的目的,但最终却集中在一起建立了这种现代管理权力机构。

采分点分析

Foucault’s analysis shows ho w techniques and institutions, developed for different and often quite innocuous purpose, converged to create the modern system of discipline power.

[分析] innocuous purposes: innocuous 的本意是“无害的,无毒的,无伤大雅的,不得罪人的”,在这里表示“无害的目的”。

背景链接

米歇尔.福柯(Michel Foucault)(1926~1984), 法国哲学家和思想系统的历史学家。她对文学评论及其理论,哲学(尤其在法学国家中),批评理论,历史学,科学史(尤其医学史),批评教育学史和知识社会学都有很大的影响。

题3.Translate the following passage into Chinese.(中山大学2008研,考试科目:基础英语)When the clouds play in the canyon, as they often do in the rainy season, another set of effects is produced. Clouds creep out of canyons and wind into other canyons. The heaven seem to be alive, not moving as move the heaven over a plain, in one direction with the wind, but following the multiplied courses of these gorges. In this manner the little clouds seem to be individualized, to have wills and souls of their own, and to be going on diverse errands---a vast assemblage of self-willed clouds, faring here and there, intent upon purposes hidden in their own breasts. In the imagination the clouds belong to the shy, and when they are in the canyon the skies come down into the gorges and cling to the cliffs and lift them up to immeasurable heights,

for the shy must still be far away. Thus they lend infinity to the walls. (from The Most Sublime Spectacle On Earth by John Wesley Powell)

参考译文

如它们在雨季时一样,当云朵来到峡谷玩耍时就会出现另一番景象。云朵悄悄溜出峡谷,随风飘到另一处峡谷里。天空如同活了一般,似动又非动。它们不是一股脑儿追着风向平原移去,而是在峡谷里朝四面八方飘去。如此一来,一朵朵小小的云彩也似乎有了个性,用油自己的思想与灵魂,奔赴着各自的使命----大片有灵气的云彩四处奔跑,它们心中所想只是它们自己知道。假使云彩属于天空的,则当他们聚集在峡谷里时,天空便降至峡谷,环绕在悬崖四周,将悬崖衬托得无限高,因为天空是如此的遥不可及。这样,云彩给了峡谷无限的荣光。(本文节选自约翰.威斯利.鲍威尔的《时间奇观》)

采分点分析

1.When the clouds play in the canyon, as they often do in the rainy season, another set of

effects is produced. Clouds creep out of canyons and wind into other canyons.

[分析]When the clouds play in the canyon 译为“当云朵来到天空玩耍时”,可以忠实的传达原文的拟人手法。

2.In this manner the little clouds seem to be individualized, to have wills and souls of their own,

and to be going on diverse errands---a vast assemblage of self-willed clouds, faring here and there, intent upon purposes hidden in their own breasts.

[分析]intent upon purposes hidden in their breasts : 采用意译,意译为“它们心中所想只是它们自己知道”。

题4 Translate the following passage into Chinese. (中山大学2009研,考试科目:基础英语)The true artist lets himself go. He is nature. He swims easily in the stream of his own temperament. He listens to himself. He respects himself.

The function of the artist is to disturd. His duty is to arouse the sleepers, to shake the complacent pillars of the world. He reminds the world of its dark ancestry, shows the world its present, and points the way to its new birth…He makes uneasy the static, the set and the still. In a world terrified of change, he preaches revolution---the principle of life. He is an agitator, a disturber of the peace-quick, impatient, positive, restless, and disquieting. He is the creative sprit working in the soul of man.

参考译文

真正的艺术家狂放。他简单自然,悠然自得地在自己个性的川流中畅游。他倾听自我,尊重自我。

艺术家的职责就是要惊世骇俗,唤醒沉睡的人们,震惊那些自以为是的社会中坚分子。他提醒人们不要忘记在黑暗中摸索的往昔岁月,向他们揭示当今的现实世界,并为他们指引新生的道路……他令一切静止的,固定的,僵死的事物躁动起来。在一个惧怕变革的世界里,他公开宣扬变革乃是生活之本。他是一个鼓动家,一个打破平静生活的人物,他聪颖敏捷,充满渴望,不知疲倦并令某些人深感不安。它是活跃于人类灵魂中富有创造力的精灵。

采分点分析

1.The true artist lets himself go.

[分析]le oneself go :指“放纵,随心所欲,较平常不注意外表”,这里意译为“狂放不羁”。

2.The function of the artist is to disturb.

[分析]to disturb: 本意是“打搅,搅乱”这里引申为“惊世骇俗”。

3.He is an agitator, a disturber of the peace-quick, impatient, positive, restless and disquieting.

[分析] disquieting: 词性转换,形容词译为动词,“令某些人不安”。

题5 Translate the following passage into Chinese.(中山大学2010研,考试科目:基础英语)Although art historian have spent decades demystifying van Gogh’s legend, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction price still soar, visitors overpopulate van Gogh exhibitions, and the starry night remains ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is van Gogh’s global apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives’ ashes on his grave. What account for the endless appeal of the van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artists’ painstaking calculation, but of the native and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool.

* ubiquitous : existing or found everywhere

* apotheosis: the raising of a person to the highest possible honour and glory

参考译文

尽管数十年来艺术史学家一直在解密梵高之传奇,但是梵高的受欢迎程度却并未因此而减少。梵高画作的拍卖价格依然不断飙升,梵高画作展的参观者依然爆满,《星夜》在宿舍和厨房墙壁上随处可见。世界各地上演着梵高的神话,甚至日本游客现在都在奥维尔(凡高的故乡)朝拜,将亲属的骨灰撒在梵高墓上。为什么梵高的神话依然经久不衰?这里至少有两个深刻且有说服力的理由。从表面来看,梵高的神话是一个为艺术献身的故事,但事实上他是一个复仇的幻想,几乎每个有都有这样的幻想,每个人能从梵高的神话中的得到满足。任何人,如曾经感到被人冷落,无人欣赏,都能与梵高产生共鸣,进而希望能想梵高一样有朝一日得到救赎,被人肯定,让曾经批评过的人,怀疑过他的亲属无地自容。同时,梵高的神话以一种简单且有人的方式阐释了伟大的艺术作品是如何产生的,哪些作品不是历史环境的产物,也必是艺术家精心雕琢的结果,而是一位有些癫狂,有些神圣的愚者自然流露出的纯真的产物。

采分点分析

1.So complete is van Gogh’s global apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to

Auvers to sprinkle their relatives’ ashes on his grave.

[分析]此句为“so…that…”的倒装结构,翻译时不宜套用”如此...以至于…”之类句子。

“complete" 是”完全,彻底“之意。后面日本人的例子只为说明”complete”的程度。

“Auvers" 为梵高的故乡,翻译时最好用括号加注解释。

2.At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy

disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art.

[分析]采用转移法,将原本的形容词"satisfying" 和"universal" “变为两个分句,几乎每

个人都有这种幻想,每个人都能从梵高的神话中得到满足”使句子更符合汉语表达方式。

广东外语学院

题1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.( 广东外语外贸大学2009研,考试科目:英语写作与翻译)

Modernization and economic development neither require nor produce culture westernization. To the contrary, they promote resurgence of, and renewed commitment to, indigenous culture. At the individual level, the movement of people into unfamiliar cities, social setting, and occupations break their traditional bonds, generates feelings of alienation, and creates crises of identity to which religion frequently provides an answer. At the social level, modernization enhances the economic wealth and military power of the country as a whole and encourages people to have confidence in their heritage and a become culturally assertive.

As a result, many non—Western societies have seen a return to indigenous cultures. It often takes a religious form, and the global revival of religious is a direct consequence of modernization. In non-western societies this revival almost necessarily assumes an anti-western east, in some cases rejecting Western culture because it is Christian and subversive, in others because it is secular and degenerate. The return to the indigenous is most marked in Muslin and Asian societies.

参考译文

现代化和经济发展既不需要,也不会产生文化西化现象。相反,会促进本土文化的复兴和推动人们致力于本土文化的发展。对个人而言,人们迁移到陌生的城市,进入陌生的社会环境,有了全新的职业。这样就打破了传统的社会联系,产生了疏离的感觉,并引发了身份危机,而宗教经常能够解决这一危机。在社会层面上,现代化提高了整个国家的经济和军事实力,也因此鼓舞了人们对自己的传统和文化的信心。

因此,许多非西方社会见证了本土文化的回归。这种文化的回归通常以宗教的形式表现,而全国性的宗教复兴是现代化的直接结果。在非西方社会中,这种复兴几乎必然带有拒绝西方文化的特征,有时排斥西方文化是因为他是基督教的和颠覆性的文化,有时时因为它意味着世俗和堕落。本土文化回归现象在穆斯林和亚洲国家最为明显。

采分点分析

1.… crises of identity to which religion frequently provides an answer.

[分析]此为后置定语从句,现行词为crises of identity, answer 意为“(难题,问题等的)解决方案”。Provide an answer to sth. 意为“提供……的答案”即:“解决……问题”。因此词句可以译为“而宗教可以解决这一危机”。

2.In non-western societies this revival almost necessarily assumes an anti-western east, in

some cases rejecting Western culture because it is Christian and subversive, in others because it is secular and degenerate.

[分析]

此句的中心句为“his revival almost necessarily assumes an anti-western east”,后面接由in some cases 和in others 所引导的状语符合结构。翻译时将状语符合结构转移成两个并列的分句。此句中assume 为“呈现”之意,cast 此处译为“倾向,性质”等。

背景连接

本文节选自Braving the New World, Reading in Contemporary Politics一书。本选段主要讨论了经济文化发展所带来的必然结果,即本土文化的复兴,以及穆斯林世界及亚洲国家对西方文化的反思和排斥。

题2 . Translate the following passage into Chinese.( 广东外语外贸大学2010研,考试科目:英语写作与翻译)

Many renowned scientists love art all their lives. They know art, and very good at getting fulfillment from art to enhance their noble spirit or to keep relieve themselves from burdens of life. On the contrary, few of literary artists love and understand natural science and engineering technology. Among the reasons why artist stand in awe before science or keep a respectful distance from science, one is that science involves a huge stack of abstruse mathematical formulas. However, leaving aside mathematics and bypassing a stake of recondite knowledge, we are still able to understand and appreciate the basic principles of a science. it is just like we are still able to give a sympathetic response to its main melody, greatly admiring the music although we can read nothing of the score of Mozart’s musical pieces.

参考译文

科学对艺术一直以来都是“单相思”:科学深爱着艺术,傲慢的艺术让科学难以接近。

许多著名科学家一生爱好艺术。他们懂艺术,善于从一书中获得满足来增强它们的高尚精神,或者缓解生活的压力。相反,却没有什么文学艺术家爱好自然科学并理解工程技术,为什么艺术家对科学望而生畏,敬而远之?原因之一是科学涉及了大量高深的数学公式。但是,如果撇开数学,绕过那些高深的知识,我们还是可以理解并欣赏某种科学的基本原则。这正如我们可以欣赏莫扎特的乐曲,与其节奏产生共鸣,而同时却看不懂他的那些乐谱一样。

采分点分析

1.The relationship that keeps with art has long been from one-sided wish. That is, while

science is in keep love with, art requites this love by being arrogant and unapproachable.

[分析] one-sided wish 比喻做一件事情时,一个人非常热情,而对方却无动于衷,

所以可以译成“单相思”。Arrogant 意为“傲慢的”;unapproachable 意为“难以接近的”,requite…by…意为“以……报答,回报”。

2.Among the reasons why artist stand in awe before science or keep a respectful distance from

science, one is that science involves a huge stack of abstruse mathematical formulas.

[分析]stand in awe : “敬畏,对……肃然起敬“。Keep a respectable distance from …: “对……

敬而远之”。 A huge stake of : “大量的,一大堆的"

背景链接

这是一篇评论性文章。本文探讨科学与艺术之间的关系,指出科学与艺术虽然属于不同的学科体系,但是不论是艺术家还是科学家,只要肯尝试,还是可以理解对方的精髓的。

厦门大学

题1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.(厦门大学2010研,考试科目:写作和英汉互译)

A.Of course, my first impulse was to prepare this man’s remains for burial(laughter), but upon reflection I said a bookstore, and he did prove it. I had really stolen that dedication, almost word for word. I could not imagine how this curious thing had happened: for I knew one thing, for a dead certainty –that a certain amount of pride always goes along with a teaspoonful of brains, and that this pride protects a man from deliberately stealing other people’s ideas. That Is what a teaspoonful of brains will do for a man—and admirers had often told me I had nearly a basketful, though they were rather reserved as to the size of the basket(laughter).

参考译文

当然啦,我第一反应就是想要给他准备后事(要他的命)(笑)。不过,想了一下,我说我可以先绕他一小会儿,给他机会证实他的断言,当然,如果他可以的话。我们走进一家书店,他还真的证明了他的断言。我确实几乎一字不差的窃取了那篇献词。我真的无法想象这种怪事是怎么发生的:有一点我可以肯定,绝对肯定,那就是任何即使只有想茶匙那么大脑袋的人都会有尊严,不会游移地剽窃他人的思想。有茶匙那么大脑袋的人都会如此;而我呢?我的崇拜者常常说我的脑子有篮子那么大,不过他们不肯说出那篮子究竟有多大(笑)。

采分点分析

1. Of course, my first impulse was to prepare this man’s remains for burial…

[分析]“to prepare this man’s remains for burial"意为“准备此人的遗体去埋葬”,这里语义并不明确,故采用意译法,译出主要含义“准备后事”,而且用括号进一步解释为“要他的命”

2...for I knew one thing, for a dead certainty

[分析]dead 表示表示“绝对”之意。因此a dead certainty 可以成“绝对肯定,确定无疑”。

背景链接

本文节选自马克.吐温的文章Unconscious Plagiarism.(《无意中剽窃》)。文章写得坦诚幽默,坦陈自己曾经有过的“无意间的剽窃”的行为,又有幽默的自辩。既表现出自己无比的自豪,又充满了无限的感激,感激长辈豁达大度的美德。

B.In too much of the earth there is want, discord,danger.New forces and new nations stir and strive across the earth,with power to bring,by their fate,great good or great evil to the free world's fuure.From the deserts of North Africa to the islands of the South Pacific,one-third of all mankind has entered upon a historic struggle for a new freedom;freedom from grinding poverty.Across all continents,nearly a billion people seek,sometimes almost in desperation,for the skills and knowldege and assistance by which they may satisft from their own resources,the material wants common to all mankind.No nation,however old or great,escapes this tempest of change and turmoil.

参考译义

在世界上很多地方我们可以看到欲望、冲突、危险。新的力量和新的国家在世界各地风起云涌,不断抗争,有着改变这个自由世界未来的能力,根据各自命运的不同,可能为世界

带来益处或者危害。从北非的沙漠到南太平洋的海岛,世界上三分之一的人类开始为新的自由而进行具有历史意义的奋斗:逃离极度贫困。世界各大洲有近十亿人——有时几乎是走投无路——在寻找技术、知识和帮助,有了这些。他们可以利用各自的资源满足自身的需要,所有人类都存在物质需求。任何国家,无论历史如何悠久、如何伟大,都必须面对这场变化和动荡的风暴。

采分点分析

.. one-third of all mankind has entered upon a historic struggle for a new freedom;freedom from grinding poverty.

分析:第一个freedom意为“自由”,第二个出现在间组“freedom from sth.”意为:不受……影响,免于……,这里为双关,既照应前文的“自由”又是固定短语一部分。此处译为“逃离”,很好地解决了意义和形式上的统一问题。

背景链接

本文节选自美国第34任总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔(Dwight David Eisenhower)的就职演讲稿。演讲中,艾森豪威尔总统对国际共产主义提出了自己的担忧:共产主义会控制整个世界,给世界带来灾难。其观点符合当时对共产主义恐惧的国际大环境,但从今天的角度来看,不免偏颇。

题2

Today,I will focus on one major impact of the current financial crisis on Asia-Pacific,that is,the decline in domestic demand.Particularly,I want to talk about the factors leading to declines in demestic demand.

Equity markets in developing countries around the world have suffered large decreases in value since mid-Setember 2008,reflecting a global credit crunch and a worldwide flight to safety among investors.

These declines are expected to cause a number of effects that will dampen domestic demand,especially personal consumption and corporate investments.Although equity market investments only constitute a small percentage of overall household wealth and equity financing consists of relatively a small portion of corporate investment in Asia-Pacific as compared with developed countries,the declines will affect the more advanced economies of the region,such as the Repubilc of Korea,Singapore and Hong Kong of China.

Secondly,declines in property markets will further dampen domestic demand.The reduction in housing prices will have an effect on real estate investments,which have played a particularly important role in the growth of domestic demand in a number of countries----most notably in China,where the property sector accounts for about one quarter of all investment.

Private consumption will also be affected by the fall in property prcies,particularly in the more advanced economies in the region,wherer property assets account for a more significant protion of household wealth.

Thirdly,reduced bank lending is the most significant factor curtailing corporate activity and domestic demand.

The concern here is that an increase in non-performing loans will result in greater restraints on and a reduction in new lending,leading to possible higher costs for new borrowers.Increased borrowing costs may in turn add further pressures resulting in a greater number of corporate

参考译文_

今天,我将重点讨论当前金融危机对亚太地区的一个重大影响——国内需求的下降。我尤其想讨论下导致国内需求下降的原因。

自从2008年9月中旬以来,全球范围的发展中国家的股票市场已经出现市值的大规模减少,这反映出全球性的信贷紧缩,同时也反映了全球投资者正在寻求投资安全。

这些下降预计会导致一系列影响,抑制国内需求,特别是个人消赞和公司的投资行为。虽然亚太地区股票市场的投资只占家庭全部财产的很小一部分,股票融资,比起发达国家,也只占公司投资中相对来讲比较小的比例,但是这些下降将对地区内的较发达经济体产生了影响.如韩国、新加坡、中国香港。

第二,房地产市场的衰退将会进一步抑制国内需求。房价的下降将会影响房地产投资,而在许多国家,房地产投资对于国内需求的增长起着重要作用——特别是中国,中国的房地产投资约为整个投资比例的四分之一。

个人消费也会因房价的下降而受到影响,特别是在亚太地区中的一些较发达经济体,房产在家庭财产中占更大比例。

第三,银行的信贷紧缩是抑制企业活动和国内需求的最重要因素。

现在令人担忧的是不良贷款的增加将会抑制和减少新增贷款,可能导致借贷成本的增加。反过来,借贷成本增加可能出现大量企业拖欠贷款。

采分点分析

1.Equity market ; credit crunch; non-performing loans

分析:经济学专业术语:equity market股票市场;credit crunch信贷紧缩;non-performing loans不良贷款。

2…, the declines will affect the more advanced economies of the region, such as the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong of China.

分析: economy作“经济”讲时为不可数名词,而这里为复数,意为“经济体”。

背景链接

联合国发布了报告Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific;2009:A ddressing Triple threats to Development。报告审视了亚太地区经济危机以来的现状,探讨了问题出现的原因,井针对性地提出了解决这些问题的对策。

题3

A.Scarlett heard the stairs groan and she got softly to her feet.When Mammy returned she would resume her lecture on Scarlett's breach of hospitality,and Scarlett felt that she could not endure prating about such a trivial matter when her heart was breaking.As she stood,hesitant,wondering where she could hide until the ache in her breast subsided a little,a thought came to her,bringing a small ray of hope.Her father had ridden over to Twelve Oaks,the Wilkes plantation,that afternoon to offer to buy Dilcey,the broad wife of his valet,Pork.Dilcey was head woman and midwife at Twelve Oaks,and,since the marriage six months ago,Pork had devilled his master night and day to buy Dilcey,so the two could live on the same plantation.That afternoon,Gerald,his resistance worn thin,had set out to make an offer for Dilcey.

听到楼梯咯咯作响,斯嘉丽轻轻站起身来。嬷嬷一回来又要唠唠叨叨说她不懂礼貌了。斯嘉丽觉得自己心里正难受,实在无法忍受唠叨这种鸡毛蒜皮的小事。她就犹豫不定地站在那里,不知道该躲到何处来平静自己痛苦的心情,这时她忽然起了一个念头,让地感到一线希望。那天下午,她父亲骑着马到威尔克斯庄园的“十二橡树”去了,是为了商量购买那位仆人波克的老婆迪尔茜。迪尔茜是“十二橡树”的女领班,又是接生婆。自从六个月前结婚以来,被克就没日没夜地缠着要主人把她买过来,好让他们夫妻俩能够住在同

一庄园里。那天下午杰拉尔德实在没办法,只得动身去买迪尔茜。

采分点分析

·1.Scarlett heard the stairs groan……

分析:groan一-般表示“呻吟“,楼梯当然不能“呻吟”了,故转译为“听到楼梯咯咯作响”。

.2. That afternoon, Gerald,his resistance worn thin,had set out to make an offer for Dilcey.

分析:“wear thin”逐渐变薄,逐渐消失。耍注意“resistance worn thin”为垂悬成分,不是完整的句子结构。故此译为“那天下午杰拉尔德实在没办法,只得动身去买迪尔茜。”

背景链接.

本文选自经典文学小说《飘》的第二章第四节。《飘》是美国著名女作家玛格丽特·米歇尔创作的一部

具有浪漫主义色彩的小说。主人公斯嘉丽身上表现出来的叛逆精神和艰苦创业、自强不息的精神,一直令读者为之倾心。

B

One of the difficulties which we have had to encounter in the practical administration of the Government consists in the adjustment of our revenue laws and the levy of the taxes necessary for the support of Government.In the general proposition that no more money shall be collected than the necessities of an economical administration shall require,all parties seem to acquiesce.Nor does there seem to be any material difference of opinion as to the absence of right in the Government to tax one section of country,or one class of citizens,or one occupation,for the mere profit of another."Justic and sound policy forbid the Federal Government to foster one branch of industry to the detriment of another,or to cherish the interests of one portion to the injury of another portion of our common country,"I have heretofore declared to my fellow-citizens that"in my judgment it is the duty of the Government to extend,as far as it may be practicable to do so,by its revenue laws and all other means within its power,fair and just protection to all of the great interests of the whole Union,embracing agriculture,manufacturers,the mechanic arts,commerce,and navigation".

参考译文

我们在政府实际运作过程中不得不面对的一个困难就是税法的调整和征收满足政府需要的税赋。总体来说,税赋不应该超过节俭政府之所需,这一点是各方都认同的。也不应出现如下观点:由于权力的缺失,政府对国家的某个地区征税,或对某个阶级的公民征税,或对某种职业征税,从而惠及其他。“公正与完善的政策禁止联邦政府扶植某个产业而损害其他,或维护我们共同国家的某个部分而造成对其他部分的伤害”。在此,我向同胞们宣布:

我认为,尽可能地通过税法和政府权利范围之内的措施来向台众国的各行各业提供公平与公正的保护是政府的责任,这里包括农业、制造业、机械、商业和航海。

采分点分析

1.administration

分析:在本文中“administration”出现两次,但意思不同。在“in the practical administration of the Government”,意思是“施政、政府运作”,而在“an economical administration shall require”中,意思却为“(美国)政府”。

2.In the general proposition that no more money shall be collected than the necessities of an

economical administration shall require,all parties seem to acquiesce.Nor does there seem to be any material difference of opinion as to the absence of right in the Government to tax one section of country,or one class of citizens,or one occupation,for the mere profit of another.

分析:这部分虽然是两句话,但是总体结构还是通过“neither……nor”来连接,只不过在此是以“no”来代替“neither”罢了。

3.…“it is the duty of the Government to extend,as far as it may be practicable to do so,by its

revenue laws and all other means within its power,fair and just protection to all of the great interests of the whole Union,embracing agriculture,manufacturers,the mechanic arts,commerce,and navigation.

分析:此句语法结构比较复杂。句子主干是“it is the duty of the Government to extend fair and just protection to all of the great interests of the whole Union”,其他部分皆为状浯成分。

背景链接

本文出自美国第11任总统詹姆斯-诺克斯·渡尔克( James Knox Polk 1795 - 1849)的就职演讲。在演讲中,渡尔克总统强调政府要在税收等方面让所有人都取得相对的公平,而不应该出现利益不均的情况。

题4

A.It may perhaps be thought superfluous to offer arguments to prove the utility of the UNION(联邦),a point,no doubt,deeply engraved on the hearts of the great body of the people in every State,and one,which it may be imagined,has no adversaries.But the fact is,that we already hear it whispered in the private circles of those who oppose the new Constitution,that the thirteen States are of too great extent for any general system,and that we must of necessity resort to separate confederacies of distinct portions of the whole.This doctrine will, in all probability,be gradually propagated,till it has votaries enough to countenance an open avowal of it.For nothing can be more evident,to those who are able to take an enlarged view of the subject,than the alternative of an adoption of the new Constitution or a dismemberment of the Union.It will therefore be of use to begin by examining the advantages of that Union,the certain evils,and the probable dangers,to which every State will be exposed from its dissolution.

参考译文

可能有人会认为,论证联邦之作用是多余的。毫无疑问,这个结论已经深深印在各州大部分人的心中;同时可想象出此结论也无人反对。但实际情况是,我们已经听到那些反对新宪法的人们私下里说:十三个州对于任何一般性的制度而言都显太过广阔;我们必须把这个整体分成独立的邦联。这种说法很可能逐渐得到传播,直到它获得足够拥护而公开宣传。对

于那些在此问题上能高瞻远瞩的人来说,这选择实在显而易见:要么采纳新宪法,要么解散联邦。所以,审视下联邦之优点,以及联邦解体后各州将会面临的必然问题和可能的危险,从这里开始讨论是有用的。

采分点分析

·1. It may perhaps be thought superfluous to offer arguments to prove the utility of the UNION(联邦),a point,no doubt,deeply engraved on the hearts of the great body of the people in every State,and one,which it may be imagined,has no adversaries.

分析:分析可知“a point”与“one”分别引导一个同位语成分,都是指“It may perhaps be thought superfluous to offer arguments to prove the utility of the UNION”。所以翻译的时候都应该将其指代内容补充出来。

3.the certain evils,and the probable dangers,to which every State will be exposed from its

dissolution.

分析:注意理解句子结构。虽然“every State will be exposed 3. the certain evils,and the probable dangers”是被动语态, be exposed to意为:“面临,使面对”,故此句翻译时转换成主动形式,译为“联邦解体后各州将会面临的必然问题和可能的危险”。

背景链接

本文选自《联邦党人文集》(The Federalist Papers)。它是亚历山大.汉密尔顿(Alexander Hamilton)、约翰·杰伊(John Jay)和詹姆斯.麦迪逊(James Madison)三人为争取批准新宪法而发表的一系列论文文集。该文集对宪法作了最为系统和最为全面的分析,详尽全面地论证了宪法的合理性,诠释了宪法的结构。作者还针对当时的批评逐条逐条予以仔细地反驳,井对与人隧人民自治政府有关的最为重要的政治课题加以了探讨。

B

She did not want to think of that now.All she wanted was a breathing space in which to hurt,a quiet place to lick her wounds,a haven in which to plan her campaign.She thought of Tara and it was as if a gentle cool hand were stealing over her heart.She could see the white house gleaming welcome to her through the reddening autumn leaves,feel the quiet hush of the countru twilight coming down over her like a benediction,feel the dews falling on the acres of green bushes starred with fleecy white(白棉花),see the raw color of the red earth and the dismal dark beauty of the pines on the rolling hills.

参考译文

她现在不想思考这些东西。她只想要一个喘息的空间让自己痛定思痛,一个安静的地方来舔舐伤口,一个避难所来盘算她的计划。她想到了塔拉,就好像有一只温柔而冷静的手正抚摸她的心。她看得到那栋闪亮的白色房子正透过秋日里变红的树叶向她招手欢迎,她感觉得到乡村黄昏时分的静谧如同上天的恩赐般降临在地身上,也感觉得到落在广袤的绿白相间的棉花田里的露水,也看得到起伏的小山上那些赤裸的红土和郁郁葱葱的松树。

采分点分析

I.All she wanted was a breathing space in which to hurt...

分析:本句表语部分为三个并列的名词性复合短语。“in which”作后置定语,“a quiet place lick her wounds”中省略了“in which“。前半部分不宜翻成“她其想要一个喘息的空间来伤

痛”。“to hurt”并不是要伤害别人,而是耍“痛定思痛”,故译为“她只想耍一个喘息的空间让自已痛定恩痛”。

2.a gentle cool hand were stealing over her heart

【分析】短语“steal over”意为“悄悄地呈现,渐渐弥漫”,故译为“一只温柔而冷静的手正在抚摸她的心”。

背景链接_

本文选自经典文学小说《飘》的第63章。《飘》是美国著名女作家玛格丽特·米歇尔创作的一部具有浪漫主义色彩的小说。

题5

1.In the world of the actual,Jennie was such a spirit.From her earliest youth goodness and mercy had molded her every impulses.Did Sebastian fall and injure himself,it was she who struggled with straining anxiety,carried him safely to his mother.Did George complain that he was hungry,she gave him all of her bread.Many were the hours in which she had rocked her younger brothers and sisteres to sleep,singing whole-heartedly betimes and dreaming far dreams.Since her earliest walking period she had been as the right hand of her mother.What scrubbing,baking,errand-running,and nursing there had been to do she did.No one had ever heard her rudely complain ,though she often thought of the hardness of her lot.She knew that there were other girls whose lives were infinitely freer and fuller,but it never occurred to her to be meanly envious;her heart might be lonely,but her lips continued to sing.

参考译文l

在现实世界里,珍妮就是这样一个天使。从少年时代开始,她的每一个动机都是善良怜悯的。如果塞巴斯蒂安摔伤了,她就焦急万分地拼命把他平安送到母亲那里去;如果乔治嚷着肚子饿,她就把她自己所有的面包都给他。她一天要花许多时间哄她的弟弟妹妹睡觉,该唱歌的时候她就尽情地唱,还要做一些渺茫的梦。自从她会走路的时候起,她就是她母亲的好帮手。擦地板、烤面包、跑差使、喂孩子,哪一样都是她做的事儿。她虽然也常常想起自己命苦,却从来没有人听见她埋怨过一声。她也知道别的女孩子生活比她自由得多,美满的多,可她从来没有萌生过卑鄙的嫉妒;她心里也许会感到寂寞嘴里却继续唱着歌。

2. In the first stage of our national existence,the opinion prevailed with some that our system of confederated States could not operate successfully over an extended territory,and serious objections have at different times been made to the enlargement of out boundaries…Experience has shown that they were not well founded…As our population has expanded,the Union(联邦)has been cemented and strengthened.As our boundaries have been enlarged and our agricultural population has been spread over a large surface,our federative system has acquired additional strength and security.It may be well doubted whether it would not be in greater danger of overthrow if our present population were confined to the comparatively narrow limits of the original thirteen states than it is now that they are sparsely settled over a more expanded territory.It is conficently believed that our system may be safely extended to the utmost bounds of our territorial limits,and that as it shall be extended the bonds of our Union,so far from being weakened,will become stronger.

参考译文

在我们国家生存的笫一阶段,一种意见占了上风,这就是不断扩张的领土让我们的邦联网家制度无法顺利运作,在不同时期关于扩张边界的问题都有强烈的反对意见……经验表明,他们是没有根据的…-。随着我国人口不断扩大,欧洲联盟(联邦)已得到不断地巩固和加强。由于我门的边界不断扩大,我们的农业人口不断增加,我们的联邦制度已取得额外的力量和安全性。人们不会相信把我们目前的人口限于原13个州比较狭窄的范围会比将他们疏散地安置于更广大的领土上更危险。人们确信,我们的制度可以安全地延伸到我们最大的领土范围之内,而且它应加强联邦州之间的联系.使被削弱的变得更强大。

采分点分析

·Experience has shown that they were not well founded...

【分析】注意Founded 一词的翻泽。此句译成:经验表明,他们是没有根据的……

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