全国医学考博英语真题整理2005年
31、There was no________ but to close the road until February.
A.dilemma
B.denying
C.alternative
D.doubt
32. I_______ when I heard that my grandfather had died.
A.fell
B.fell away
C.fell out
D.fell back
33. I’m_____ passing a new law that helps poor children get better medicine.
A.taking advantage of
B.standing up for
C.lookong up to
D.taking hold of
34. In front of the platform, the students were talking with the professor over
the quizzes of their________ subjects.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,pulsory
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,pulsive
C.alternative
D.predominants
35. The tutor tells the undergraduates that one can acquire ______ in a foreign language through more practice.
A.proficiency
B.efficiency
C.efficacy
D.frequency
36. The teacher explained the new lesson ______ to the students.
A.at random
B.at a loss
C.at length
D.at hand
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37. I shall _____ the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper with a reward
for the finder.
A.advertise
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,rm
C.announce
D.publish
38. The poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can ____ adult growth.
A.degenerate
B.deteriorate
C.boost
D.retard
39.She had a terrible accident, but ______she wasn’t killed.
A.at all events
B.in the long run
C.at large
D.in vain
40.his weak chest _____ him to winter illness.
A.predicts
B.preoccupies
C.prevails
D.predisposes
Section B
41.The company was losing money, so they had to lay off some of its employees
for three months.
A.owe
B.dismiss
C.recruit
D.summon
42.The northy American states agreed to sign the agreement of economical and military union in Ottawa.
A.convention
B.conviction
C.contradiction D,confrontation
43.The statue would be perfect but for a few small defects in its base.
A.faults
B.weaknesses
C.flaws
D.errors
44.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, John was startlingly pale.
A.amazingly
B.astonishingly
C.uniquely
D.dramatically
45.If you want to set up a company. You must comply with the regulations laid down by the authorities.
A.abide by
B.work out
C.check out
D.succumb to
46.The school master applauded the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.
A.praised
B.appraised
C.cheered
D.clapped
47.The local government leader are making every effort to tackle the problem
of poverty.
A.abolish
B.address
C.extinguish
D.encounter
48.This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.
A.intelligent
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,prehensive
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,petent
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,prehensible
49.Reading a book and listening to music simultaneously seems to be no problem
for them.
A.intermittently
B.constantly
C.concurrently
D.continuously
50.He was given a laptop computer in acknowledgement of his work for the company.
A.accomplishment
B.recognition
C.apprehension
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,mitment
Part III Cloze (10%)
In Mr. Allen’s high school class, all the students have to “get married”. However, the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but 51 . These mock ceremonies sometimes become so 52 that the loud laughter drowns out the voice of the “minister”. Even the two students getting married often begin to giggle.
The teacher, Mr. Allen, believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business. He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that
53 take place after marriage. He believes that the need for these psychological and financial 54 should be understood before people marry.
Mr. Allen doesn’t only introduce his students to major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or unemployment, He also exposes them to nitty-gritty problems they will face ever
day . He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 56 that can strain
a marriage to the breaking point. He even 57 this students with the problems
of divorce and fact that divorced men must pay child support money for their children and sometimes pay monthly alimony to their wives.
It has been upsetting for some of the students to see the problems that
a married couple often faces. 58 they took the course, they had not worried much about the problems of marriage. However, both students and parents feel
that Mr. Allen’s course is valuable and have 59 the course publicly. Their statements and letters supporting the class have, 60 the school to offer the course again.
51.A. duplications B.imitations C.assumptions D.fantasies
52.A. noisy B.artificial C.graceful D.real
53.A.might B.would C.must D.need
54.A.issues B.adjustments C.matters
D.expectancies
55.A.to face B.facing C.having faced D.faced
56.A.tribulations B.errors C.triumphs D.verdicts
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,rms B.concerns C. triumphs D.associates
58.A.Until B.Before C.After D.As
59.A.taken B.suggested C.endorsed D.approached
60.A.confirmed B.convinced https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f10091323.html,promised D.conceived
Part IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)
Passage One
Why do people always want to get up and dance when they hear music? The usual explanation is that there is something embedded in every culture---that dancing
is a ‘cultural universal’. A researcher in Manchester thinks the impulse may
be even more deeply rooted than that. He says it may be a reflex reaction.
Neil Todd, a psychologist at the University of Manchester, told the BA that
he first got an inkling that biology was the key after watching people dance
to deafeningly loud music. ‘There is a compulsion about it’, he says. He reckoned there might be a more direct, biological, explanation for the desire
to dance, so he started to look at the inner ear.
The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance.
The standard view is that these tasks are segregated so that organs for balance,
for instance, do not have an acoustic function. But Todd says animal studies have shown that the sacculus, which is part of the balance-----regulating vestibular system, has retained some sensitivity to sound . The sacculus is especially sensitive to extremely loud noise, above 70 decibels.
‘There’s no question that in a contemporary dance environment, the sacculus
will be stimulated.’ Says Todd. The average rave, he says, blares music at
a painful 110 to 140 decibels. But no one really knows what acoustically stimulated sacculus does.
Todd speculates that listening to extremely loud music is a form of
‘vestibular self-stimulation’ it gives a heightened sensation of motion. ‘We don’t know exactly why it causes pleasure.’ he says. ‘But we know that people
go to extraordinary lengths to get it’ He lists bungee jumping, playing on swings or even rocking to and fro in a rocking chair as other examples of pursuits designed to stimulate the sacculus.
The same pulsing that makes us feel as though we are moving may make us get
up and dance as well, says Todd. Loud music sends signals to inner ear which
may prompt reflex movement. ‘The typical pulse rate of dance music is around
the rate of locomotion,’ he says. ‘It’s quite possible you’re triggering
a spinal reflex.’
61. The passage begins with_______.
A. a new explanation of music
B. a cultural universal questioned
C. a common psychological abnormality
D. a deep insight into human physical movements
62. What intrigued Todd was_____.
A. human instinct reflexes
B. people’s biological heritages
C. people’s compulsion about loud music
D. the damages loud music wrecks on human hearing.
63.Todd’a biological explanation for the desire to dance refers to______.
A.the mechanism of hearing sounds
B.the response evoked from the sacculus
C.the two main functions performed by the human ear
D.the segregation of the hearing and balance maintaining function
64.When the sacculus is acoustically stimulated , according to Todd.____.
A.functional balance will be maintained in the ear
B.pleasure will be aroused
C.decibels will shoot up
D.hearing will occur
65. What is the passage mainly about?
A.The human ear does more than hearing than expected.
B.Dancing is capable of heightening the sensation of hearing.
C.Loud music stinulates the inner ear and generates the urge to dance.
D.The human inner ear does more to help hear than to help maintain balance. Passage Two
Have you switched off your computer? How about your television? Your video? Your CD player? And even your coffee percolator? Really switched them off, not just pressed the button on some control panel and left your machine with a telltale bright red light warning you that it is ready to jump back to life at your command?
Because if you haven’t, you are one of the guilty people who are helping to pollute the planed. It doesn’t matter if you’ve joined the neighborhood recycling scheme, conscientiously sorted your garbage and avoided driving to work. You still can’t sleep easy while just one of those little red lights is glowing in the dark.
The awful truth is that household and office electrical appliances left on stand-by mode are gobbling up energy, even though they are doing absolutely nothing. Some electronic products ------such as CD players -------can use almost as much energy on stand-by as they do when running. Others may use a lot less, but as your video player spends far more hours on stand-by than playing anything, the wastage soon adds up.
In the US alone, idle electronic devices consume enough energy to power cities with the energy needs of Chicago or London---costing consumers around $1 billion a year. Power stations fill the atmosphere with carbon dioxide just to do absolutely nothing.
Thoughtless design is partly responsible for the waste. But manufacturers only
get away with designing products that waste energy this way because consumers are not sensitive enough to the issue. Indeed, while recycling has caught the public imagination, reducing waste has attracted much less attention.
But “source reduction”, as the garbage experts like to call the art of not using what you don’t need to use, offers enormous potential for reducing waste of all kinds. With a little intelligent shopping, you can cut waste long before you reach the end of the chain.
Packaging remains the big villain. One of the hidden consequences of buying products grown or made all around the world, rather than produced locally, is the huge amount of packaging needed to transport them safety. In the US, a third of the solid waste collected from city homes is packaging. To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufactures the simplest trick is to to look for ultra-light packaging.
The same arguments apply to the very light but strong plastic bottles that are replacing heavier glass alternatives, thin-walled aluminum cans, and cartons made of composites that wrap up anything drinkable in an ultra-light package. There are hundreds of other tricks you can discuss with colleagues while gathering around the proverbial water cooler--- filling up, naturally, your own mug rather than a disposable plastic cup. But you don’t need to go as far as one website which tells you how to give your friends unwrapped Christmas presents. There are limits to source correctness.
66.From the first two paragraphs, the author implies that____
A． hitech has made life easy everywhere
B． B .nobody seems to be innocent in polluting the planet
C． C. recycling can potentially control environmental deterioration D． Everybody is joining the global battle against pollution in one way or another.
67. The waste caused by household and office electrical appliances on stand-by mode seems to ___.
A. be a long-standing indoor problem
B. cause nothing but trouble
C. get exaggerated
D. go unnoticed
68. By idle electronic devices, the author means those appliances___
A. left on stand-by mode
B. filling the atmosphere with carbon dioxide
C. used by those who are not energy conscious
D. used by those whose words speak louder than actions
69. Ultra-light packaging________.
A. is expected to reduce American waste by one-third.
B, is an illustration of what is called “source reduction”
C. can make both manufacturers and consumers intelligent
D. is a villain of what the garbage experts call “source reduction”
70. The conclusion the author is trying to draw is that__________.
A. One person cannot win the battle against pollution
B. anybody can pick up tricks of environmental protection on the web
C. nobody can be absolutely right in all the tricks of environmental protection
D. anybody can present or learn a trick of cutting down what is not needed.
71.Schallert issued a warning to those who__________.
A.believe in the possibility of rewiring the brain
B are ignorant of physiotherapy in the clinic
C.add exercise to partially paralyzed limbs
D.are on the verge of a stroke
72.which of the following is Schallert’s hypothesis for his investigation?
A.Earlier intervention should lead to even more dramatic improvements.
B.The critical period for brain damage is one week after injury
C.A partially paralyzed limb can cause brain damages
D.physiotherapy is the key to brain recovery
73. The results from Schallert’s research________.
A.reinforced the significance of physiotherapy after a stroke
B.indicated the fault with his experiment design
C.turned out the opposite
Dverified his hypothesis
74.The results made Schallert’s team aware of the fact that_______.
A.glutamate can have toxic effects on healthy nerve sells
B.exercise can boost the release of glutamate
C.glutamate is a neurotransmitter
D.all of the above
75.Schallert would probably advise clinicians________.
A.to administer drugs to block the effects of glutamate.
B.to be watchful of the amount of exercise for stroke victims
C.to prescribe vigorous exercise to stroke victims one week after injury
D.to reconsider the significance of physiotherapy to brain damage
Passage Four
Our understanding of cities in anything more than casual terms usually starts with observations of their spatial form and structure at some point or cross-section in time. This is the easiest way to begin, for it is hard to assemble data on how cities change through time, and in any case, our perceptions often betray us into thinking of spatial structures as being resilient and long lasting. Even where physical change is very rapid, this only has an impact on us when we visit such places infrequently, after years away. Most of our urban theory, whether it emanates from the social sciences or engineering, is structured around the notion that spatial and spatial and social structures changes slowly, and are sufficiently inert for us to infer reasonable explanations from cross-sectional studies. In recent years, these assumptions have come to be challenged, and in previous editorials I have argued the need
for a more temporal emphasis to our theories and models, where the emphasis is no longer on equilibrium but on the intrinsic dynamics of urban change. Even these views, however, imply a conventional wisdom where the real focus of urban studies is on processes that lead to comparatively slow changes in urban organization, where the functions determining such change are very largely routine, accomplished over months or years, rather than any lesser cycle of time. There is a tacit assumption that longer term change subsumes routine change on a day-to day or hour-basis, which is seen as simply supporting the fixed spatial infrastructures that we perceive cities to be built around. Transportation modeling, for example, is fashioned from this standpoint in that routine trip-making behavior is the focus of study, its explanation being central to the notion that spatial structures are inert and long lasting.
76.We, according to the passage, tend to observe cities.
A.chronologically
B.longitudinally
C. sporadically
D. horizontally
77. We think about a city as ______.
A. a spatial event
B. a symbolical world
C. a social environment
D. an interrelated system
78. Cross-sectional studies show that cities ________.
A. are structured in three dimensions
B. are transformed rapidly in any aspect
C. are resilient and long lasting through time
D. change slowly in spatial and social structures
79. The author is drawing our attention to_______.
A.the equilibrium of urban spatial structures
B. the intrinsic dynamics of urban change
C.the fixed spatial infrastructure
D. all of the above
80. The conventional notion, the author contends,_________.
A. presents the inherent nature of a city
B.underlies the fixed spatial infrastructures
C.places an emphasis on lesser cycles of time
D. hinders the physical change of urban structure
Passage Five
When it is sunny in June, my father gets in his first cutting of hay. He starts on the creek meadows, which are flat, sandy, and hot. They are his driest land. This year, vacationing from my medical practice, I returned to Vermont to help him with the haying.
The heft of a bale(大捆)through my leather gloves is familiar: the tautness of the twine, the heave of the bale, the sweat rivers that run through the hay chaff on my arms. This work has the smell of sweet grass and breeze. I walk behind the chug and clack of baler, moving the bales into piles so my brother
can do the real work of picking them up later. As hot as the air is, my face is hotter. I am surprised at how soon I get tired. I take a break and sit in the shade, watching my father bale, trying not to think about how old he is, how the heat affects his heart, what might happen.
This is not my usual work, of course. My usual work is to sit with patients and listen to them. Occasionally I touch them, and am glad that my hands are soft. I don’t think my patients would like farmer callouses and dirty hands on their tender spots. Reluctantly I feel for lumps in breasts and testicles, hidden swellings of organs and joints, and probe all the painful places in my patients’ lives. There are many. Perhaps I am too soft, could stand callouses of a different sort.
I feel heavy after a day’s work, as if all my patients were inside me, letting me carry them, I don’t mean to. But where do I put their stories? The childhood beatings, ulcers from stress, incapacitating depression, fears, illness? These are not my experiences, yet I feel them and carry them with me. Try to find healthier meanings, I spent the week before vacation crying.
The hay field is getting organized. Piles of three and four bales are scattered around the field. They will be easy to pick up. Dad climbs, tired and lame, from the tractor. I hand him a jar of ice water, and he looks with satisfaction on his job just done. I’ll stack a few more bales and maybe drive the truck for my brother. My father will have some appreciative customers this winter, as he sells his bales of hay.
I’ve needed to feel this heaviness in my muscles, the heat on my face. I an taunted by the simplicity of this work, the purpose and results, the definite boundaries of the fields, the dimensions of the bales, for illness is not defined by the boundaries of bodies; it spills into families, homes, schools and my office, like hay tumbling over the edge of the cutter bar. I feel the rough stubble left in its wake. I need to remember the stories I’ve helped reshape, new meanings stacked against the despair of pain. I need to remember the smell of hay in June.
81. Which of the following is NOT true according to the story?
A. The muscular work in the field has an emotional impact on the narrator.
B. The narrator gets tired easily working in the field.
C. It is the first time for the narrator to do haying.
D. The narrator is as physician.
82. In retrospection, the narrator___________.
A. feels guilty before his father and brother
B. defends his soft hands in a meaningful way
C. hates losing his muscular power before he knows it
D. is shamed for the farmer callouses he does not possess
83. As a physician, the narrator is ________.
A. empathic
B. arrogant
C. callous
D. fragile
84. His associations punctuate___________.
A. the similarities between medicine and agriculture
B. the simplicity of muscular work
C. the hardship of life every where D .the nature of medical practice
85. The narrator would say that________.
A. it can do physicians good to spend a vacation doing muscular work
B. everything is interlinked and anything can be anything
C. he is a shame to his father
D. his trip is worth it.
Passage Six
Everyone has seen it happen. A colleague who has been excited, involved, and productive slowly begins to pull back, lose energy and interest, and becomes a shadow or his or her former self. Or , a person who has been an beacon of vision and idealism retreats into despair or cynicism. What happened? How does someone who is capable and committed become a person who functions minimally and does not seem to care for the job or the people that work there?
Burnout is a chronic state of depleted energy, lack of commitment and involvement, and continual frustration, often accompanied at work by physical symptoms, disability claims and performance problem. Job burnout is a crisis of spirit, when work that was once exciting and meaningful becomes deadening .And organization‘s most valuable resource ------the energy, dedication and creativity of its employees----is often squandered by a climate that limits or frustrates the pool of talent and energy available.
Milder forms of burnout are a problem at every level in every type of work. The burned—out manager comes to work, but he brings a shell rather than a person. He experiences little satisfaction, and feels uninvolved, detached, and uncommitted to his work and co-worker .While he may be effective by external standards, he works far below his own level of productivity. The people around him are deeply affected by his attitude and energy level, and the whole community begins to suffer.
Burnout is a crisis of the spirit because people who burn out were once on fire. It’s especially scary some of the most talented. If they can’t maintain their fire, others ask.
Who can? Are these people lost forever, or can the inner flame be rekindled? People often feel that burnout just comes upon them and that they are helpless victims of it. Actually, the evidence is growing that there were ways for individuals to safeguard and renew their spirit, and , more important, there are ways for organizations to change conditions that lead to burnout.
The passage begins with_______.
A. a personal transition
B.a contrast between two types of people
C. a shift from conformity to individuality
D.a mysterious physical and mental state
87.Which of the following is related with the crisis of spirit?
A.Emotional exhaustion.
B.Depersonalization
C.Reduced personal accomplishment.
D.All of the above.
88. Job burnout is a crisis of spirit, which will result in_______.
A.apersonal problem
B.diminished productivity
C.an economic crisis in a county
D. a failure to establish a pool of talent and energy
89. Burnout can be________.
A.fatal
B.static
C.infectious
D.permanent
90.Those who are burned-our, according to the passage, are potentially able________.
A.to find a quick fix
B.to restore what they have lost
C.to be aware of their status quo
D. to challenge their organization
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers. First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. [404 words] 4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. Experiences are the most direct resources we ever have. Almost our every basic skill came from experiences, such as walking, articulating, reading even thinking. Without experiences, some natural born abilities even might lose. Studies have shown that a baby who was robbed by animals into forest for 12 years lost his ability to talk in human language. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that each and every skill develops by experiences, and that's why people always say practice makes perfect. Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day. Yet either experiences or books may give us wrong information. Our direct observations always are subject to our beliefs, hopes, fears, expectations, and our bias, which might make observations unreliable. People vary in their powers of observation, and the reliability of our observations is no better than the reliability of our memories, which as we know can be deceptive. Information printed in papers sometimes is unreliable either, it may be misprinted, or even deliberately distorted. For example, Definitions such as Marxism, Capitalism, Zionism are totally different in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Current English between the original edition and the sanctioned Russian edition. 1
2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷完整版 注：本答案非旭晨考博网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《2017年旭晨医学考博英语一本通第11版》后续更新，将免费提供。 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing. 30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. Part II Vocabulary (10%) Section A Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C
医学考博英语翻译习题 An AIDS Mystery Solved (1) About 15 years ago， a well-meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney，Australia，not knowing he has been exposed to HIV-1，the virus that causes AIDS. Much later，public-health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions? containing his blood had become infected with the same virus; presumably they were almost sure to die. But as six years stretched to 10，then to 14，the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment. Although two of the recipients have died from other causes，not one of the seven people known to have received transfusions of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS. More telling still，the donor，a sexually active homosexual，is also healthy. In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all. What could explain such unexpected good fortune? (2) A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery. The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on，the team reported last week in the journal Science. contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it innocuous?. “Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years，”marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Re-search，“but the prediction is that they never will.”Deacon speculates that this “impotent”HIV may even be a natural inoculant? that protects its carriers against more virulent strains? of the virus，much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th-century milkmaids. (3) If this ______ proves right，it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late-20th century’s most terrible epidemic. For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick，the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far-reaching implications. “What these results suggest，”says Dr. Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University，“is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it.” (4) The strain of HIV that popped up? in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication. In fact，the virus is missing so much of this particular gene —known as nef，for negative factor —that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough，while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells —white blood cells that are critical to the immune system’s ability to ward off infection —it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence. Some of the infected Australians，for example，were found to carry as few as one or two copies of the virus for every 100000 T cells. People with AIDS，by contrast，are burdened with viral loads thousands of times higher. (5) At the very least，the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers. If its activity can be blocked，suggests Deacon，researchers might be able to hold the progression of disease at bay，even in people who have developed full-blown AIDS. The need for better AIDS-fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel，which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs，including the first of a new class of compounds called protease? inhibitors?. Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs，neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold.
1. Television Program and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child. The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse（附属房,温室）that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphabet, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials（商业广告）, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated（涂上一层的）cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possibly harden（v. 变硬,使...坚强,涨价）the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationally（adv. 教育的,教育上的,有关教育的）beneficial programs. 2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industry, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.
考博英语作文范文【三篇】 导读：本文考博英语作文范文【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 【第一篇：直面困难】任何事业，大至国家事业，小至个人生活，要有所成，必然面对各类困难，这时候，良好的面对困难的品质以及解决困难的方法论方面的问题： 坚持/毅力persistence，乐观being optimistic/positive 团结合作cooperation and teamwork 踏实肯干hardworking 创新意识和好奇心innovation and curiosity 学习意识learning 保持学习习惯(keep the habit of reading and learning 行动实践能力(the ability of action and practice “一屋不扫、何以扫天下” If you cant do great things, do small things in a great way Each person whether rich or poor has his own difficulties, because life is not always full of smiles and flowers. So it is very important to have a correct attitude to face up the difficulties. Different people have different views on it. Some people just want to evade and they haven’t tried their best, so they can’t achieve success in the end. But some people believe
2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇 【篇一】2020考博英语作文实用范文 Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritages Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction. 如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。 我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存有的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。 According to UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.
7. How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 如何将电影或电视影响人们的行为？使用原因和具体的例子来支持你的答案。 The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become even greater as the scope of mass media continues to grow, and as the relevant technologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages. 在这样的电影或电视现代传媒已经在我们的日常生活产生的影响，和整个社会，是不可否认的。毫无疑问，它将成为甚至作为大众传媒的范围更大的继续增长，随着相关技术越来越先进，因此迷人，几乎没有人能够逃脱。已经，可以看到西方电影如何行使对青少年一代的影响：他们长大长头发，无论其性别，通常，其中一部分黄金染色，他们穿在每一个季节，通常是膝盖的牛仔裤故意褴褛，男孩的耳环吊坠或其他多喜欢和女孩的万宝路，怪诞的粗语言激烈。 The major means that mass media influence the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling and of fascinating immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet On The Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to his country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? 大众媒体的公众影响力的主要手段，是创造了社会讨论的议题。大众媒体提供人（消费者）问题讨论和思考。泰坦尼克号带来了其迷人的赞美和不朽的爱全世界一片哗然，总理颜色和摇尾狗符合有关的权利和对美国总统职责的全国性辩论。如太阳泪和其他许多在西线无战事反战电影已经提出的问题是任何战争的真正的正义，还是很值得，个人作出的牺牲，他的国家，同时忽略他的家人或他的个人价值？ Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important (to know). The "important" issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper (/in the beginning of a television program). The "not important" stories are the ones that are not being told at all. The "not very important" stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages. In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole in deed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media. 大众媒体也影响我们对什么是重要的理解，什么是不重要的（知道）。“重要”的问题，必须对报纸的（/在一个电视节目的开始）第一页找到。“不重大”的故事是那些不被告知所有的。在“不太重要”的故事可能很短，在过去的页面隐藏。事实上，目前包括censorships分发
2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更 正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.