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2014年大学英语四级考试听力笔记讲
义3
查看汇总：
东差异：
1、西方人不谦虚。
一般都self-confidence。
2、西方人崇尚个人奋斗。
借钱肯定不借;借笔记一般也不成;对钱看的很重，很敏感。
3、西方人表达直接。
注：1. transfer 转机，换车
2. board 登上(交通工具)
机场场景：1、票已售完。
2、接人晚点。
3、送人伤感。
机场线索词：
airplane 飞机;flight 航班;take off 起飞;land 降落;circle 盘
旋;wing 机翼，侧面建筑(常用)，鸡翅;terminal 候机大厅，终端(常用)，终点站
交通话题：
1、交通堵塞：traffic jam, back up, heavy
2、交通违章：要罚款
3、交通晚点：behind schedule
注：gas 汽油
打电话场景：
1、约人约不到：make an appointment 主要指约医生
2、约会去不了：come up, reschedule, fit sb. in
3、电话打不通，打错了：run out of coin, cut off(被中断;hang up 主动挂断)。
[00:02.46]College English Test (Band 4)[00:07.15]Part ⅡListening Comprehension[00:12.74]Section A[00:14.95]Directions: In this section,[00:18.70]you will hear 8 short conversations[00:21.36]and 2 long conversations.[00:24.36]At the end of each conversation,[00:26.45]one or more questions will be asked[00:29.40]about what was said.[00:31.54]Both the conversation and the questions [00:33.79]will be spoken only once.[00:36.63]After each question[00:38.07]there will be a pause.[00:39.90]During the pause,[00:41.26]you must read the four choices[00:43.44]marked A), B), C) and D),[00:47.06]and decide which is the best answer.[00:50.49]Then mark the corresponding letter[00:52.76]on Answer Sheet 1[00:54.15]with a single line through the centre. [00:57.20]Now let’s begin with[00:59.32]the eight short conversations.[01:03.62]1. M: Take a look at this catalogue.[01:08.13]Maybe we can find some gifts[01:10.54]for Jane’s new house.[01:12.90]W: OK. But remember,[01:14.97]we can’t afford a lot.[01:18.18]Q: What does the woman mean?[01:34.89]2. W: I'm getting absolutely nowhere [01:38.44]with these statistics.[01:40.63]M: How about my[01:41.63]going through them with you?[01:44.34]Q: What does the man mean?[02:00.35]3. M: We're ready to start the recording, [02:05.49]aren’t we?[02:06.72]Let’s begin on Page 55.[02:10.57]W: Sorry.[02:11.91]I'm afraid I can’t begin right now.[02:14.04]I forgot to bring my scripts.[02:16.61]Q: What do we learn from the conversation? [02:34.68]4. W: Remember. Carl’s wedding is on June 26. [02:39.83]M: Oh, thanks for reminding me.[02:43.01]I thought it wasn’t to be[02:44.59]until sometime in July.[02:47.78]Q: What are the speakers talking about?[03:04.22]5. M：Please excuse me for[03:08.86]not attending the meeting yesterday.[03:11.41]I'm afraid[03:12.20]I forgot to check my schedule.[03:15.00]W: That’s all right.[03:16.80]We had to hold the weekly meeting as scheduled. [03:19.86]And everything went well.[03:22.54]Q: What do we learn from the conversation? [03:40.48]6. W: I’ve just put our lunch in the oven[03:44.08]and it won’t be ready[03:45.01]for at least half an hour.[03:47.17]M: Mmm, it smells marvelous,[03:50.74]but what can I have right now?[03:54.35]Q: What do we learn from the conversation? [04:11.93]7. M: I got some bad news today.[04:15.83]The store where I work[04:17.75]is laying off staff.[04:20.40]W: Are they going to let you go?[04:23.47]Q: What does the woman want to know? [04:40.67]8. W: John, you swim like a fish.[04:44.36]I wish I knew how to swim.[04:46.94]M: Why not sign up for the lessons[04:49.09]offered by the physical education department? [04:53.30]Q: What does the man mean?[05:10.77]Now you will hear the two long conversations. [05:15.65]Conversation One[05:18.43]W: Hi, Eric. How was your weekend?[05:21.14]M: Great! I met Maria’s parents.[05:24.10]And we told them we want to be engaged. [05:28.13]W: Eric, that’s wonderful. Congratulations! [05:32.31]M: Thanks, Alice.[05:34.00]I really like her parents too.[05:36.12]They're very nice.[05:37.82]Mrs. Carmona speaks four languages,[05:40.34]and Mr. Carmona is a diplomat.[05:42.56]In fact, he gave a speech[05:44.97]at the law school on Saturday morning.[05:47.72]W: Oh, that was Maria’s father?[05:50.69]I heard his speech.[05:52.09]M: You did?[05:53.55]W: Well, I heard part of it.[05:56.34]I listened to it for ten minutes[05:58.61]and then I fell asleep.[06:00.57]I thought I was in class.[06:02.52]Anyway, tell me about your weekend.[06:05.30]M: Saturday evening we saw a play.[06:08.13]And Sunday afternoon,[06:09.73]we watched a soccer game.[06:12.05]Then Sunday night[06:13.53]we all went out for dinner,[06:15.47]Maria, her parents and me.[06:17.91]That was the first chance[06:19.68]we had to talk.[06:21.59]W: Were you nervous?[06:24.10]M: At first I was.[06:26.10]We didn’t say much.[06:28.36]Mr. Carmona told us some good stories[06:30.84]about his experiences as a diplomat.[06:34.00]And he asked me about my hobbies.[06:36.97]W: And what did you say?[06:39.28]M: Well, I didn’t tell him about[06:41.49]my flying lessons.[06:43.40]I told him about[06:44.26]my chess playing and my classical music collection. [06:48.45]W: Good idea.[06:50.32]Her parents really approve of you,[06:52.19]don’t they?[06:53.35]M: I guess so.[06:55.28]Maria called this morning[06:56.74]and said: “My father told me[06:58.98]he’d like you for a son-in-law right now.”[07:01.82]W: That’s great.[07:03.77]M: Not exactly.[07:05.72]I want to get married[07:06.68]after graduate school[07:07.82]in about three years.[07:10.93]Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation [07:13.62]you have just heard.[07:15.80]9. What does Eric say about Maria’s father? [07:34.68]10. What did Eric and Maria do[07:38.16]last Sunday afternoon?[07:54.67]11. What do we learn from[07:57.57]Maria’s phone call this morning?[08:15.61]Conversation Two[08:17.52]M: You're going to[08:18.64]wear out the computer’s keyboard.[08:21.81]W: Oh. Hi.[08:23.98]M: Do you have any idea[08:25.13]what time it is?[08:27.35]W: About 10:00 or 10:30?[08:30.54]M: It’s nearly midnight.[08:32.97]W: Really? I didn’t know it was so late.[08:36.74]M: Don’t you have an early class[08:38.31]to teach tomorrow morning?[08:40.51]W: Yes, at 7:00.[08:42.79]My commuter class—[08:44.36]the students who go to work[08:45.56]right after their lesson.[08:47.60]M: Then you ought to go to bed.[08:50.32]What are you writing anyway?[08:52.40]W: An article I hope I can sell.[08:54.98]M: Oh, another of your newspaper pieces. [08:59.23]What’s this one about?[09:01.37]W: Do you remember that trip[09:02.78]I took last month?[09:04.51]M: The one up to the Amazon?[09:07.17]W: Well, that’s what I’m writing about.[09:10.41]The new highway and the changes[09:12.16]it’s making in the Amazon valley.[09:14.78]M: It should be interesting.[09:17.06]W: It is. I guess that’s why[09:19.85]I forgot all about the time.[09:22.26]M: How many articles have you sold now? [09:24.97]W: About a dozen so far.[09:28.85]M: What kind of newspapers buy them?[09:32.10]W: The papers that carry a lot of foreign news. [09:35.48]They usually appear in[09:36.69]the big Sunday editions[09:38.25]where they need a lot of background stories [09:40.10]to help fill up the space between the ads. [09:42.95]M: Is there any future in it?[09:46.17]W: I hope so.[09:48.18]There's a chance[09:48.83]I may sell this article to a news service.[09:52.32]M: Then your story would be published[09:53.99]in several papers, wouldn't it?[09:56.46]W: That’s the idea.[09:58.11]And it might even be able to[09:59.83]do other stories on a regular basis.[10:03.12]M: That would be great.[10:06.72]Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation[10:09.47]you have just heard.[10:11.66]12. What is the woman’s occupation?[10:30.40]13. What is the woman writing about?[10:49.10]14. Where did the woman’s articles usually appear? [11:08.48]15. What does the woman expect?[11:27.33]Section B[11:28.64]Directions: In this section,[11:30.77]you will hear 3 short passages.[11:33.07]At the end of each passage,[11:34.86]you will hear some questions.[11:36.82]Both the passage and the questions[11:38.58]will be spoken only once.[11:40.60]After you hear a question,[11:42.41]you must choose the best answer[11:44.04]from the four choices[11:45.57]marked A), B), C) and D).[11:48.83]Then mark the corresponding letter[11:51.35]on Answer Sheet 1[11:52.52]with a single line through the centre.[11:56.77]Passage One[11:58.62]Body language, especially gestures,[12:01.83]varies among cultures.[12:04.18]For example, a nod of the head[12:07.25]means “yes” to most of us.[12:09.69]But in Bulgaria and Greece[12:12.37]a nod means “no”[12:14.24]and a shake of the head means “yes”.[12:17.56]Likewise, a sign for OK,[12:21.16]forming a circle with our forefinger and thumb, [12:24.10]means zero in France and money in Japan. [12:28.81]Waving or pointing to an Arab business person [12:32.56]would be considered rude[12:34.11]because that is how Arabs call their dogs over. [12:37.93]Folded arms signal pride in Finland,[12:41.27]but disrespect in Fiji.[12:44.11]The number of bows[12:45.79]that the Japanese exchange[12:47.54]on greeting each other,[12:48.93]as well as[12:49.95]the length and the depth of the bows,[12:52.37]signals the social status[12:54.75]each party feels towards the other.[12:57.67]Italians might think you’re bored[13:00.20]unless you use a lot of gestures[13:02.16]during discussions.[13:04.13]Many American men[13:06.17]sit with their legs crossed[13:07.72]with one ankle resting over the opposite knee. [13:11.06]However, this would be considered[13:13.50]an insult in Muslim countries,[13:16.11]where one would never[13:17.30]show the sole of the foot to a guest.[13:20.76]Likewise, Americans consider[13:23.83]eye contact very important,[13:26.21]often not trusting someone[13:28.29]who is afraid to look you in the eye.[13:30.89]But in Japan and[13:32.47]many Latin American countries,[13:35.10]keeping the eyes lowered[13:36.93]is a sign of respect.[13:39.00]To look a partner full in the eye[13:41.01]is considered a sign of ill breeding[13:43.59]and is felt to be annoying.[13:47.94]Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage [13:50.53]you have just heard.[13:52.60]16. What gesture do Bulgarians and Greeks use [13:56.61]to express negative responses?[14:14.29]17. What is likely to[14:17.33]offend Arab business people?[14:34.02]18. What is considered[14:36.98]to be impolite in Muslim countries?[14:55.69]Passage Two[14:57.68]Three years ago,[14:59.18]Puncha Maya, her husband and five children [15:02.11]lived in a shaky flat in Southern Nepal. [15:04.87]Every morning,[15:06.12]the parents walked the dirt roads[15:08.17]seeking work in the rice fields.[15:10.41]After the harvest,[15:12.12]the family went begging for food.[15:14.80]Today, the Mayas own[15:16.49]a small paper-bag making company.[15:19.26]With the money they've earned,[15:20.98]the Mayas have purchased a small plot, [15:23.31]on which they grow vegetables[15:25.11]and raise goats for additional income.[15:27.63]In fact, the family has saved $68.[15:31.85]This is remarkable in a country[15:33.99]with an average annual income of $160.[15:38.27]Grace Mbakwa, her husband and eight children [15:42.01]once lived hand-to-mouth in Cameroon.[15:44.71]Today, the Mbakwas run[15:47.12]a clothing manufacturing business[15:49.02]and own a home.[15:50.84]They are able to[15:51.84]send their children to school,[15:53.57]at a costly annual sum of $2 800.[15:58.40]The idea of starting her own business[16:01.50]seemed impossible to Pilar Moya,[16:03.97]a poor woman from[16:05.26]Atahualpa high in Ecuador's Andes Mountains. [16:09.12]Today, however,[16:10.31]she is one of the proud owners[16:12.14]of a bakery specializing in sweet cakes.[16:15.46]These businesses are[16:17.04]part of economic revolution[16:18.68]sweeping the developing world.[16:21.26]The sponsor is the Trickle Up Program—[16:23.97]a non-profit organization founded by[16:26.64]New Yorkers Glen and Mildred Leet.[16:29.51]This organization offers people[16:31.52]like the Mayas, the Mbakwas and Moyas[16:34.98]modest $100 grants.[16:37.32]Since 1979, the program has[16:40.38]helped over 130,000 of[16:42.80]the world’s neediest people[16:44.18]in 90 countries[16:45.77]win small life-saving victories over poverty. [16:49.02]And it has turned conventional thinking[16:51.26]about foreign aid on its head.[16:54.94]Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage [16:58.74]you have just heard.[17:01.61]19. What do we learn about Puncha Maya’s family [17:06.50]of three years ago?[17:22.96]20. What are the Mbakwas[17:26.26]able to do now?[17:43.30]21. What does the speaker[17:46.41]mainly talk about?[18:04.36]Passage Three[18:06.56]Take care of your teeth[18:09.15]and your teeth will take care of you.[18:12.05]Your teeth are a living part of your body.[18:15.48]They have nerves and blood vessels.[18:18.74]Diseased teeth can cause[18:20.54]pain, die and fall out.[18:23.49]Plaque is the main enemy of healthy teeth. [18:27.51]Everyone has plaque.[18:29.83]It is a sticky colorless film[18:31.95]that coats the teeth.[18:34.33]Plaque is always forming on the teeth, [18:36.84]especially at the gum line.[18:39.10]If plaque is not removed,[18:41.46]it builds up and gets under the gum line. [18:44.83]Plaque that is left on the teeth[18:47.17]for some time hardens;[18:49.34]the result is tooth decay and gum disease. [18:53.60]The bacteria in plaque live on sugar.[18:57.32]They change sugar into acids,[19:00.40]which break down the tooth's[19:01.76]harder outer covering.[19:03.80]If left untreated,[19:05.86]decay goes deeper and deeper[19:07.99] into the tooth.[19:09.77]After a while,[19:11.06]the decay reaches the nerves and blood vessels [19:13.72]of the inner tooth.[19:15.45]By the time this happens,[19:17.21]the tooth has probably[19:18.32]started to ache.[19:20.15]In addition to tooth decay,[19:22.41]there are also gum diseases[19:24.51]to watch out for.[19:26.51]The bacteria in plaque[19:28.28]make poisons that attack the gums.[19:31.10]Small pockets form around the teeth.[19:34.12]The pockets trap[19:35.52]more bacteria and food particles.[19:38.45]Finally, the bone supporting the teeth[19:41.46]is attacked and starts to shrink.[19:44.25]Teeth become loose and may fall out.[19:47.25]Adults lose most teeth this way.[19:50.88]Keep your mouth healthy.[19:53.15]When you brush your teeth,[19:54.87]do a good job.[19:57.86]Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage [20:00.74]you have just heard.[20:02.77]22. What does the speaker say about our teeth? [20:22.45]23. What does the speaker say about plaque? [20:41.54]24. Why is sugar harmful to teeth?[21:00.56]25. What causes adults to[21:03.66]lose most of their teeth[21:05.05]according to the speaker?[21:21.95]Section C[21:23.33]Directions: In this section,[21:25.53]you will hear a passage three times.[21:27.88]When the passage is read[21:29.22]for the first time,[21:30.48]you should listen carefully[21:31.77]for its general idea.[21:33.71]When the passage is read[21:35.47]for the second time,[21:36.87]you are required to[21:38.05]fill in the blanks with the exact words[21:40.25]you have just heard.[21:41.72]Finally, when the passage is read[21:43.98]for the third time,[21:45.25]you should check what you have written. [21:47.25]Now listen to the passage.[21:51.97]Stunt people are not movie stars,[21:54.34]but they are the hidden heroes[21:56.23]of many movies.[21:57.99]They were around long before films.[22:01.28]Even Shakespeare may[22:02.82]have used them in fight scenes.[22:04.87]To be good,[22:06.39]a fight scene has to look real.[22:09.01]Punches must land on enemies’ jaws.[22:12.34]Sword fights must be fought[22:14.40]with sharp swords.[22:16.41]Several actors are usually[22:18.46]in a fight scene.[22:20.35]Their moves must be set up[22:22.32]so that no one gets hurt.[22:24.50]It is almost like planning[22:26.46]a dance performance.[22:28.51]If a movie scene is dangerous,[22:30.75]stunt people usually fill in for the stars.[22:34.63]You may think[22:35.60]you see Tom Cruise[22:36.90]running along the top of a train,[22:39.23]but it is probably his stunt double. [22:42.48]Stunt people must resemble[22:44.72]the stars they stand in for.[22:47.05]Their height and build[22:48.79]should be about the same.[22:51.17]But when close-ups are needed,[22:53.29]the film focuses on the star.[22:55.98]Some stunt people[22:57.52]specialize in certain kinds of scenes. [23:00.69]For instance,[23:02.11]a stunt woman named Jane Davis[23:04.49]does all kinds of jumps.[23:07.02]She has leapt from planes[23:08.82]and even off the top of waterfall.[23:12.20]Each jump required[23:13.94]careful planning and expert timing. [23:17.52]Yakima Canutt was a famous[23:19.63]cowboy stunt man.[23:21.27]Among other stunts,[23:22.84]he could jump from a second story window [23:25.66]onto a hors e’s back.[23:27.60]He invented the famous trick[23:29.85]of sliding under a moving stagecoach. [23:32.99]Canutt also figured out a new way [23:35.63]to make a punch look real.[23:37.92]He was the only stunt man ever[23:40.46]to get an Oscar.[23:43.92]Now the passage will be read again. [23:46.62]Stunt people are not movie stars,[23:48.91]but they are the hidden heroes[23:50.46]of many movies.[23:52.31]They were around long before films. [23:55.70]Even Shakespeare may[23:56.65]have used them in fight scenes.[23:58.60]To be good,[23:59.65]a fight scene has to look real.[24:02.11]Punches must land on enemies’ jaws. [24:05.31]Sword fights must be fought[24:07.12]with sharp swords.[24:09.13]Several actors are usually[24:10.54]in a fight scene.[24:12.06]Their moves must be set up[24:13.69]so that no one gets hurt.[24:15.61]It is almost like planning[24:17.09]a dance performance.[24:19.00]If a movie scene is dangerous,[24:21.37]stunt people usually fill in for the stars. [24:24.74]You may think[24:25.62]you see Tom Cruise[24:26.92]running along the top of a train,[24:29.31]but it is probably his stunt double.[24:31.88]Stunt people must resemble[24:33.49]the stars they stand in for.[24:35.73]Their height and build[24:36.89]should be about the same.[24:38.65]But when close-ups are needed,[24:40.54]the film focuses on the star.[24:42.98]Some stunt people[24:43.92]specialize in certain kinds of scenes.[24:46.58]For instance,[24:47.93]a stunt woman named Jane Davis[24:50.19]does all kinds of jumps.[24:52.03]She has leapt from planes[24:53.60]and even off the top of waterfall.[24:56.05]Each jump required[24:57.84]careful planning and expert timing.[25:00.44]Yakima Canutt was a famous[25:02.96]cowboy stunt man.[25:04.51]Among other stunts,[25:06.24]he could jump from a second story window [25:08.56]onto a horse’s back.[25:10.66]He invented the famous trick[25:12.26]of sliding under a moving stagecoach.[25:15.30]Canutt also figured out a new way[25:17.70]to make a punch look real.[25:19.73]He was the only stunt man ever[25:21.75]to get an Oscar.[25:25.42]Now the passage will be read for the third time. [25:29.45]Stunt people are not movie stars,[25:32.31]but they are the hidden heroes[25:34.07]of many movies.[25:36.14]They were around long before films.[25:39.47]Even Shakespeare may[25:40.96]have used them in fight scenes.[25:42.74]To be good,[25:44.28]a fight scene has to look real.[25:47.02]Punches must land on enemies’ jaws.[25:50.26]Sword fights must be fought[25:52.53]with sharp swords.[25:54.50]Several actors are usually[25:56.39]in a fight scene.[25:58.16]Their moves must be set up[26:00.30]so that no one gets hurt.[26:02.56]It is almost like planning[26:04.34]a dance performance.[26:06.24]If a movie scene is dangerous,[26:08.63]stunt people usually fill in for the stars. [26:12.41]You may think[26:13.50]you see Tom Cruise[26:14.80]running along the top of a train,[26:17.03]but it is probably his stunt double. [26:20.23]Stunt people must resemble[26:22.54]the stars they stand in for.[26:25.10]Their height and build[26:26.63]should be about the same.[26:29.26]But when close-ups are needed,[26:31.22]the film focuses on the star.[26:33.77]Some stunt people[26:35.31]specialize in certain kinds of scenes. [26:38.59]For instance,[26:39.93]a stunt woman named Jane Davis[26:42.39]does all kinds of jumps.[26:44.83]She has leapt from planes[26:46.75]and even off the top of waterfall.[26:50.09]Each jump required[26:51.87]careful planning and expert timing. [26:55.39]Yakima Canutt was a famous[26:57.54]cowboy stunt man.[26:59.19]Among other stunts,[27:00.90]he could jump from a second story window [27:03.39]onto a horse’s back.[27:05.64]He invented the famous trick[27:07.73]of sliding under a moving stagecoach. [27:10.86]Canutt also figured out a new way [27:13.56]to make a punch look real.[27:15.67]He was the only stunt man ever[27:17.56]to get an Oscar.[27:21.74]This is the end of listening comprehension.。
附：相关场景词汇交通场景A、机场场景送别：airway, airport, sad place, keep in touch, see sb. off.询问：flight, fly; direct flight, transfer; arrival, departure, destination;one-way ticket, return ticket, one-week return ticket; first class, business class, economy class, regular class; airline, airway, airport, air lounge, waiting room; book, reserve, reservation, be booked up, get ticket changed, switch; on time, delayed, postponed, put off, behind schedule, cancelled.登机：luggage, baggage, suitcase, briefcase, bag, backpack;check-in, board, boarding pass, air ticket, the Customs.机上：take off, land; fasten, seat belt, safety belt, life belt; blanket, drink, beverage.故障：bad weather, mechanical problems.人：captain, pilot, airhostess, passenger, porter.B、事故场景交通堵塞：be held in traffic, be stuck in traffic, break down;rush hours, traffic jam, peak season;事故后果：consequence, crash, minor injury, slightly injured.C、交通工具工具：car, van, truck, lorry, jeep, bus, coach, limousine;工具的一部分：wheel, tyre(tire), flat tyre(tire), steering wheel, headlight, windscreen, brake.家庭生活A、写信：write home, hear from, receive a letter from, mail, email.B、电话：phone, call, ring, contact, hello, mobile phone, pay phone, hand phone, rate, operator, dial, wrong number, not in, nobody by that name.C、过节节日：Christmas, Thanksgiving;出游：travel, tour, trip, journey, visit, quite an experience.D、送礼：礼物：gift, present;场合: birthday, Christmas;赠送: give, buy…for, get…for, send, present.健康场景A、受伤：twist, strain, injure, hurt, wound;B、外伤部位：shoulder, ankle, knee, wrist;C、内伤部位：stomach, liver, lung, heart;D、检查措施: make an appointment, check, x-ray, operation, treat, cure, diagnose;E、症状描述: tired, sneeze, running nose, have ringing in the ears, feel under the weather, catch a cold, cough;F、建议处方：ward, take two days off, more vegetables, less fried(fast) food, quit(give up) smoking.G、相关人员：doctor, nurse, dentist, surgeon, physician, psychologist;H、医疗相关：radio doctor, car doctor, repairman, mechanic, engineer;I、诊断行为：fix, mend, repair, stop working, go wrong.娱乐场景A、陶冶情操票务：ticket, fare;观赏活动：film, movie, theatre, concert, play, show, TV，art gallery;相关词汇：channel, part, actor, actress, scene, act, oil painting, romance, love story, horror, action, documentary, commentary, science, news, sports, comedy, soap opera, quiz show, sit-com(situation comedy), thriller;参与活动：dance, disco, sing, karaoke.B、户外活动出游：camping, picnicking, boating, skating, swimming, visiting, historical sites, natural beauty, scenery, tourist attraction, sightseeing;球赛：game, match, score, season, superstar.用餐场景：A、预定：a table for four, reserve a table, reservation, book, corner table;B、等待: hungry, starving, order, menu, waiting line, queue;C、用餐：try something Italian, appetite, appetizer, salad, soup, main dish, side dish, dessert;D、食物：steak, French fries, pizza, apple pie, spaghetti, sea food;E、埋单：treat, my turn, on me, go Dutch;学习场景A、选课: course, day course, evening course, optional course, literature, curriculum, extra curriculum;B、作业：report, essay, assignment, presentation, paper, due, credit, rewrite;C、考试：mark, score, exam, fail, pass, go over, review;D、教授：lecture, topic, briefing, mission, take notes, follow;E、学生：freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, graduation, graduate, undergraduate.买卖场景A、买卖租赁：for sale, rent, let, book, reserve, reservation;B、廉价购买：on sale, bargain, Sunday market, flea market, garage sale;C、买书：book, paperback, hardcover, edition, bestseller, copy, volume, magazine, issue, periodic;D、买家具：furniture, furnish;E、其他：straw hat, TV set, model;F、广告：advertise, advertisement, quote rate;工作场景A、找工作申请：apply, application letter, resume, CV, personal statement;寻觅：job-hunting, job opportunity, job vacancy, recruit;面试：interview, interviewer, interviewee;跳槽：job hopping.B、办公室工作：forward email, typing, type writer, typist, typing errors, Xerox copy, arrange appointment(files), confirm arrangement;出差：business trip, on behalf of, vacation;雇佣关系：employment, employee, employment, director, boss, secretary, be with + 单位/领导（be with the local newspaper）.公共生活A、银行：account, loan, interest, interest rate, cash, cheque, deposit, draw, overdraft, exchange;B、填表：surname, last name, family name, first name, given name, sex, gender, address, occupation, marital status, print, sign, signature;C、邮局：deliver, send, mail, parcel, postage, registered mail, express mail, priority mail;D、租房：book, reserve, reservation, let, full up, booked up，single room, double room, three-bedroom house, bedroom, bathroom, waiting room, living room, sitting room, kitchen, dining room, balcony;E、交通标示：sign, one-way street, drunk driving, traffic rules, regulation, observe.天气场景A、天气：sunny, cloudy, overcast, snow, rain, drizzle, shower, downpour, rain cats and dogs, windy, breeze, gust, typhoon, tornado, twister, hurricane, storm, tsunami, cold, warm up, swing, dip, forecast.B、活动：BBQ(barbecue), laundry, camping.其他A、集会活动：appointment, date, meeting, conference, party, assembly, lecture, seminar;B、图书馆：library, librarian, overdue, fine;C、购物场所：department store, supermarket, gas station, convenience store, chain store, grocer’s, grocery.其他closed 关门open 开门office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间power on / off 开/关turn on / off 开/关switch on / off 开/ 关（这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关the best book 最好的书the best thing 最好的事情the last thing 最不愿意做的事情the last man 最不愿意见的人best seller 畅销sell up 卖完，卖光售罄sell out卖完，卖光售罄/ 出卖朋友或原则sell off 低价处理库存商品selling machine 自动售货机selling point 卖点count the days 渴望count on = dependent / rely oncount in 把……考虑在内count for nothing 一钱不值count for little 无足轻重count for much 举足轻重count down 倒计时count up 相加count up to 共计关于旅行Traveljourney 陆上长途旅行trip 陆上短途旅行outing 远足stroll 散步wander 徘徊picnic 野餐camping 野营tour 周游cruise 水上短途旅行voyage 水上长途旅行关于死亡的说法没有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease褒义的：pass away贬义的：kick the bucket关于"相处"的好的说法get on with = get along (well) with be in good term withlive in peace with关于强调point outemphasizelay / put emphasis ongive emphasis to达成协议找到出路find a way outreach an agreementreach a consensus关于“得失”gains and lossesgive and take关于拜访drop in / at / over / bystop in / over / bycall on sbcall at / round swlook in / uppay a visit topay / make a call to关于碰见，偶遇come acrossrun intobump intohappen to meet关于花钱、花费的词TakeSpendCostChargePayBuy关于水Waterrunning / tap ~ 自来水fresh ~ 活水still ~ 死水pure ~ 纯净水purified ~ 净化水mineral ~ 矿泉水be used to do 被用于be used to dong 习惯于get used to doing 渐渐习惯于used to do 过去常常单复数意思不太一样的词ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟authority 权威authorities 当局brain 头脑brains 智力，智慧custom 风俗习惯customs 海关damage 破坏，损坏damages 赔偿费ground 地面土地grounds 院子，监狱manner 礼貌方式manners 外貌minute 分钟minutes 会议记录paper 纸张papers 试卷time 时间times 时代关于“调查”Researchsurvey 市场调查opinion poll 名义调查questionnaire 问卷调查investigation 很正式的调查interview 会见，访谈belong to 属于participate in 参加be engaged in 从事、参加be involved in 卷入消磨时间kill timepass timecount one’s thumbs用完、缺少run out ofbe short ofbe lack ina little 一点not a little 很多a bit 一点not a bit 一点也没有。
2014年大学英语四级考试听力笔记讲义提供给个各位考生备考，预祝大家取得好成绩！1、短对话题型分类：Section A考题为六种题型。
无论每个考题的具体内容是什么，考题的题型总在重复。
我们要培养解类型题的能力。
比如在态度方向题中，每个考题的内容肯定不同。
但题型高度一致，解题的方向也必然相同。
如：Would you go to dance with me tonight?第二人的回答只有两种Yes或No。
我们要听的是第二个人的态度方向。
这个题问去跳舞吗?而另外的一个完全不同的考题可能会问去看电影吗?去音乐会吗?去野餐吗?去看比赛吗?这些不同的考题在我们的耳朵里就应该是同一类考题。
我们要听的是：他在问去还是不去?第二人要回答Yes还是No。
而解题点即正确选项一定就在第二人的回答的开头。
听力范围：Campus life考察对象：College students(在什么都没听清的情况下，异性猜classmate，同性猜roommate)一、语音问题：连读小练习1. rush hour 高峰时间，尖峰时刻;2. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴;3. check (it) out 借书;办理出院手续;彻底检查;退房(check in 开房);4. travel agent 旅行社(travel agency, travel bureau);financial aid 经济资助;5. turn down 关掉，拒绝;turn on 打开二、口语问题：注意语气，语调，语汇。
例如：1. tape 胶带;cassette 磁带。
2. project 作业(homework, assignment);工程;项目;计划;任务。
3. awful 糟糕的;terrific 特别棒的，好极了(口语中);可怕的，恐怖的(阅读中)。
4. I can tell that. 我能看得出。
5. I understand that... 我听说……。
2014年12月英语四级真题考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onthe following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.作文题一：印象最深的活动AA campus activity that has benefited most.作文题二：印象最深的课程A course that has impressed you most in college.作文题三:印象最深的同学A classmate of yours who has influenced you most in college．Part II ListeningSection ADirections：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D)，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Question 1A.The man is not good at balancing his budget.B.She will go purchase the gift herself.C.The gift should not be too expensive.D.They are gonging to Jane's house-warming party.Question 2A.He is quite willing to give the woman a hand.B.It takes patience to go through the statistics.C.He has prepared the statistics for the woman.D.The woman should take a course in statistics.Question 3A.Page 55 is missing from the woman's scripts.B.They cannot begin their recording right away.C.The woman does not take the recording seriously.D.The man wants to make some changes in the scripts.Question 4A.The date of Carl's wedding.B.The birthday of Carl's bride.C.A significant event in July.D.Preparation for a wedding.Question 5A.The woman forgot to tell the man in advance.B.The man was absent from the weekly meeting.C.The woman was annoyed at the man's excuse.D.The man was in charge of scheduling meetings.Question 6A.The woman is a marvelous cook.B.The woman has just bought an oven.C.The man has to leave in half an hour.D.The man cannot want for his meal.Question 7A.How she can best help the man.B.Where the man got the bad news.C.What items sell well in the store.D.Whether the man can keep his job.Question 8A.The woman can sign up for a swimming class.B.He works in the physical education department.C.The woman has the potential to swim like a fish.D.He would like to teach the woman how to swim.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 9A.He teaches in a law school.B.He loves classical music.C.He is a diplomat.D.He is a wonderful lecturer.Question 10A.Went to see a play.B.Watched a soccer game.C.Took some photos.D.Attended a dance.Question 11A.She decided to get married in three years.B.Her mother objected to Eric’s flying lessons.C.She insisted that Eric pursue graduate studies.D.Her father said she could marry Eric right away.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 12A.Editor.B.Teacher.C.JournalistD.Typist.Question 13A.The beautiful Amazon rainforests.B.A new railway under construction.C.Big changes in the Amazon valley.D.Some newly discovered scenic spot.Question 14A.In news weeklies.B.In newspapers' Sunday editions.C.In a local evening paper.D.In overseas editions of U.S. magazines.Question 15A.To be employed by a newspaper.B.To become a professional writer.C.To sell her articles to a news service.D.To get her life story published soon.Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 16A.Nodding one's head.B.Waving one's hand.C.Holding up the forefinger.D.Turning the right thumb down.Question 17A.Looking away from them.B.Forming a circle with fingers.C.Bowing one's head them.D.Waving or pointing to them.Question 18A.Looking one's superior in the eye.B.Keeping one's arms folded while talking.C.Showing the sole of one's foot to a guest.ing a lot of gestures during a conversation.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 19A.They had to beg for foot after the harvest.B.They grew wheat and corn on a small farm.C.They shared a small flat with their relatives.D.The children walked to school on dirt roads.Question 20A.Tour Ecuador's Andes Mountains.B.Earn an annual income of $2800.C.Purchase a plot to build a home on.D.Send their children to school.Question 21A.The achievements of the Trickle Up Program.B.A new worldwide economic revolution.C.Different forms of assistance to the needy.D.The life of poor people in developing countries.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 22A.They are highly sensitive to cold.B.They are vitally important to our life.C.They are a living part of our body.D.They are a chief source of our pain.Question 23A.It has to be removed in time by a dentist.B.It is a rare oral disease among old people.C.It contains many nerves and blood vessels.D.It is sticky and colorless film on the teeth.Question 24A.It can change into acids causing damage to their outer covering.B.It greatly reduces their resistance to the attacks of bacteria.C.It makes their nerves and blood vessels more sensitive to acid food.D.It combines with food particles to form a film on their surface.Question 25A.Food particles.B.Gum disease.C.Unhealthy living habits.D.Chemical crosion.Section CStunt people(替身演员) are not movie stars, but they are the hidden heroes of many movies.They were around long before films. Even Shakespeare may have used them in fight scenes. To be good, a fight scene has to look real. Punches must (26)______ enemies' jaws. Sword fights must be fought with(27)______ swords. Several actors are usually in a fight scene. Their moves must be set up so that no one gets hurt. It is almost like planning a dance performance.If a movie scene is dangerous, stun people usually(28)______the stars. You may think you see Tom Cruise running along the top of a train. But it is(29)______ his stunt double. Stunt people must(30)______ the stars they stand in for. Their height and build should be about the same. But when close-ups are needed, the film(31)______ the star.Some stunt people(32)______ in certain kinds of scenes. For instance, a stunt woman named Jan Davis does all kinds of jumps. She has leapt from planes and even off the top of a waterfall. Each jump required careful planning and expert(33)______.Yakima Canutt was a famous cowboy stunt man. Among other stunts, he could jump from a second story window onto a horse's back. He(34)______ the famous trick of sliding under a moving stagecoach. Canutt also(35)______ a new way to make a punch look real. He was the only stunt man ever to get anOscar.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.For decades, Americans have taken for granted the XXXX development of new technologies. The innovations(创新)XXXX opment during World War II and afterwards were(36)_____ to the prosperity of the nationin the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of(37)_____ society now depend, were possible because the United States then(38)_____ the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the(39)_____ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.The deeling in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines(science, technology, engineering, and math.)seems to be(40)_____related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remediat(补习的)math(41)_____, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering(42)_____complete a major in those fields.The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, (43)_____ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront(前言)of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the(44)_____ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn(45)_____ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.A.acceleratingB.actuallyC.closelyD.contemporaryE.coursesF.criticalG.declining H.degreesI.especially J.futureK.ledL.metM.procedures N.proportionsO.sphetesSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Ban sugary drinks that will add fuel to the obesity war[A] On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat he filled more than one seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity(肥胖的)leads to many nasty ways of dying. Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen checks pressing against their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic(流行病)of obesity.[B] But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea- far from new- that could spare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic(长期的)ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service(NHS)at least ￡14 billion a year in England and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it. This simple idea is that sugar is as good- or as bad- as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us.[C] In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugar leads to addiction(瘾), to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic(新陈代谢的)malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)and its many horrible complication. If people really grasped that, they would try to kick the habit, particularly as Britain is the “fat man of Europe”. They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff. Yet so far this idea has met little but resistance.[D] It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests(既得利益集团)lined up against any sugar control- all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar. Then there are the liberals, with whom I would normally side, who protest that government regulation would be yet another instance of interference in our lives.[E]That is true, but people should realize that you cannot have a welfare state without a nanny state(保姆国家), to some degree. If we are all to be responsible for one another’s health insurance, through socialized medicine, then we are all closely involved in one another’s health, including everyone’s eating and drinking. That has already been admitted, finally, with smoking. But it has yet to be admitted with overeating, even though one in four adults in this country is obese and that number is predicted to double by the year 2050.Quite apart from anything else, obesity will cripple the NHS.[F]Recently, though, there have been signs that the medical establishment is trying to sound the alarm. Last month the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges(AMRC)published a report saying that obesity is the greatest public health issue affecting the UK and urging government to do something.[G]The report offers 10 recommendations, of which the first is imposing a tax of 20 percent on sugary drinks for at least a year, on top of the existing 20 percent value-added tax. That at least would be an excellent start. The amounts of sugar in soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat. As Professor Terence Stephenson, head of the AMRC, has said, sugary soft drinks are “the ultimate bad food. You are just consuming neat sugar. Your body didn’t evolve to handle this kind of thing.”[H]Precisely. The risks of eating too much fat or salt(which are very different)pale into insignificant compared with the harm done by sugar. And it is everywhere.[I]It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat, fish or vegetables, that doesn’t have a large amount of sugar in it. This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity.[J]The fashion was to avoid fat. But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetizing, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavor enhancer, often in the forms of syrups(糖浆)that had recently been developed from corn, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks.[K]This stuff is not just fattening. It is addictive. It interferes with the body’s metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone. There’s plenty of evidence for this, for those who will accept the truth.[L]Theoretically, people ought to make “healthy choices”and avoid overeating. But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid. So the snacking, over-drinking and over eating that makes people fat is not really their own fault: obesity is in large part something that is being done to them. It should be stopped, or rather the government should stop it.[M]Going round my local supermarket, I am constantly astonished that it is still legal to sell all the poisons stacked high on the shelves. The problem is that they are worse than useless. They are poisonous. They are known to be addictive. They are known to make people obese. And giving small children sweet drinks or bottles of fake juice all day long is nothing less than child abuse.[N]Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal. I hate to think of yet more government regulation. But a bit of tax on sweet soda and a little more health education, a bit of cooking in schools and banning vending machines(自动售货机)here and there —as suggested try the AMRC report —is not going to achieve very much. Labelling is quite inadequate. What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods and drinks.[O]In June 2012, the then minister for public health said the government was not scared of the food industry and had not ruled out legislation, because of the costs of obesity to the NHS. However, nothing has happened yet. Whynot have another Jammie Dodger biscuit and forget about it.46、Avoiding over-consumption of sugar can improve people’s health as well as save medical expenses.47、Laws should be passed to make it illegal to produce overly sweet foods or drinks.48、Giving small children sweet juices to drink all the time is equal to child abuse.59、Looking around, the author found obesity quite widespread.50、The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly in the next few decades.51、If people really understood the horrible consequences of sugary foods and drinks, they would support government measures against sugar consumption.52、It would be a very good beginning wo improve an additional tax on sugary drinks.53、The government has not yet taken any action to regulate sugar consumption although it indicated its intention to do so some time ago.54、Sugar is far more harmful to health than fat and salt.55、Consumers of sweet foods are not really to blame because they cannot tell what food is sugary.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet’s tremendous impacts has only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,”Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book. The New Digital Age.Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes —and more importantlypredicts —how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that “technology is neutral, but people aren’t.”By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对立观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they’re also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance(监视).56、In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A.It transforms human history.B.It facilitates daily communication.C.It is adopted by all humanity.D.It revolutionizes people's thinking.57、How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A.They are immeasurable.B.They are worldwide.C.They are unpredictable.D.They are contaminating.58、In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C.It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.D.It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.59、What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A.People will be living in two different realities.B.People will have equal access to information.C.People don’t have to travel to see the world.D.People don’t have to communicate face to face.60、What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A.They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B.They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C.They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D.They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage(抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly eamings.Other members of the autoworker’s family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Through-out much of the 1960s,more than a quarter of men and women and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.In most stales, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts(职位相当的人),white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working –class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no -fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to imaginary golden age.61、What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A.They had less job security than they do today.B.It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C.Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D.They were better off than workers in other industries.62、What does the author about retired people today?A.They invariably long to return to the golden past.B.They do not depend so much on social welfare.C.They feel more secure economically than in the past.D.They are usually unwilling to live with their children.63、Why couldn’t black workers buy a house in a whitc suburban neighborhood ?A.They lacked the means of transportation.B.They were subjected to racial inequality.C.They were afraid to break the law.D.They were too poor to afford it.64、What is the result of no-fault divorce ?A.Divorce is easier to obtain.B.Domestic violence is lessened.C.It causes little pain to either side.D.It contributes to social unrest.65 、What does the author suggest society do?A.Get prepared to face any new challenges.B.Try to better the current social security.C.Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D.Improve the lives of families with problemsPart IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.翻译题一：大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。
四级作文分类讲义二（四）分析图表类一、行文思路第一段：描述图表，概述图表所揭示的信息。
第二段：分析图表所反映的问题或趋势产生的原因。
第三段：展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。
二、模板学习：(描述图表段) From the above chart/graph/table/picture, we can see that ______总述现象_________. __图表中的数据一__________. In contrast/However/And, __________图表中数据二____________.//According to the chart/graph/table/picture above, ___总述图表现象____. ___图表中具体细节描述_______. Obviously/Consequently, this chart/graph/table/picture has forcefully proved that ___图表呈现出的结果____.（说明影响/原因段）Many reasons account for ____图表反映的问题_____.//Consequently, many problems related to ___图表涉及的主体____ emerge./ ____图表涉及的主体或呈现的结果_____ can do lots of harm/benefits. Firstly/First of all, _____原因一/影响一________. _______进一步说明原因一/影响一_______. Furthermore/Secondly, ____原因二/影响二_________. Thirdly/Besides, ___原因三/影响三______. (As a result, 以上原因导致的结果)（阐述观点段）As for me/ As far as I am concerned, ___“我”的态度/相关情况或是现象将来的趋势、可能带来的（好或坏的）影响或存在的问题____. For one thing, ____理由一/影响一/问题一_____. For another/In addition/Besides, ___理由二/影响二/问题二_______. In brief/To conclude,____总结全文_____.三、模板套用Education PaysAccording to the chart above, the weekly earnings people obtain progressively mount up with the rising of the education level that people achieve. In detail, people with an education degree of college or above earns at least 300 dollars more every week than those with a lower one. Consequently, this chart has forcefully proved that the more one invests in education, the morehe or she will earn.The result from the above chart can do lots of benefits. Firstly, it’s good persuasion for those who hold education is time-and money-consuming. The chart has vividly shown that education is a worthy payment. Secondly, for the majority of young undergraduates who are worried about their future incomes, it provides a good impetus. Thirdly, those who think education is significant will be more confident and work harder.As for me, it is no doubt that education is beneficial. For one thing, education plays a crucial role in personal growth of career. For another, education is the prospect of a nation. To conclude, we should bear in mind the significance of education and study hard.另一篇：Education PaysFrom the above chart, we can see that the higher the degree of education one obtains, the less likely one is to be unemployed. According to the chart, 1.9% of people with doctoral degree will suffer form unemployment. However, the unemployment rate of people low degree is up to 14.9%.Many reasons account for this phenomenon. First of all, people with higher level of education have wider range of knowledge and higher ability which make them more competitive in their career and less likely to be laid off. Furthermore, because of the booming of high technologies in modern society, people with higher education will be easier to land and hold a job. Besides, those with low educational background are easily be replaced any time due to the fact that their jobs are easy and can be finished by average people.As for me, educational background plays a crucial role in the future careers. For one thing, we should study hard to improve our ability. For another, we should engaging in a challenging job in future. To conclude, we should grasp more knowledge to prepare future careers. 亮点句式一、描述图表1. 正如（上面）图表中显示的，中国人的饮食已经有了一些明显的变化译文： 2. 根据图表中给出的数据可知，网上购物正变得越来越流行。
听力技巧：英语四级考试听力笔记讲义21、paper 论文：(1)paper 常用词义：paper 论文;newspaper 报纸;papers 文件;paper 纸(2)research 查询资料。
对应场景library图书馆。
(3)写论文的步骤：第一步，选题topic，选题难，范围广。
第二步，查询资料research，图书馆场景。
第三步，打出论文。
typewriter 打字机，computer 计算机，printer 打印机，laser printer 激光打印机，laptop 笔记本电脑。
论文没打完，typewriter/computer坏了break down 或者typewriter需要新的ribbon。
(4)题目难选，资料难查，打字困难(机房总被占)。
奖学金：fellowship;RA 助研：research assistant;TA 助教：teaching assistant2、presentation 口头演讲，口头报告：(1)同义词：report, speech, address。
(2)考点：I. 着装正式 formal clothes(考试中另一个考到着装正式的考点是interview面试)，会出现change。
II. 演讲人的内心感受：nervous紧张的。
3、reading assignment 阅读作业：文科学生reading list读书清单。
抱怨需要读的书多。
吃：(校内、校外)校内：饭堂cafeteria(不好吃)校外：restaurant有waiter, menu, order, reserve a table, make a reservationapple pie 苹果派(好吃)能够代表traditional American，比如：This picnic is as American as apple pie. John is as Americanas apple pie.apple pie virtue = traditional American virtue在考题中形容apple pie好吃的句子举例如下：(1) Even my mother's can't match this.(2) I took the last one, and it was out of the world.(3) You wouldn't have to force me to take another helping.注：1. A and B结构，考人物关系 2. 选项B非主流，应排除。
第一节：1.Who is that boy?2.What’s on the door?3.When does the train leave?4.Which is Jack’s bag?5.How is your head now?第二节：6.M: Is your mother a doctor, Kate?W: No, she is a nurse.7.W: May I help you, sir?M: Yeah. I’d like to have a look at your cabbage.8.M: Is the science museum far away from here?W: No. it takes only fifteen minutes by bike.9.W: How long will I have to stay out of school?M: Well, I just examined you, and you still have a fever.10.M: Well, how do you like the dress?W: I like the color, but it’s a bit long for me.11.W: Come swimming with me.M: I want to, but I must finish my paper.12.M: Where do you think is the right place for this sofa, Mary? How about here, beside thedesk?W: Oh, no! Why not put it in front of the window?第三节13.W: I’m sorry. Do you own this bike?M: Yes, I do. What about it?W: I knocked it down when I was going through this way.M: I see.W: I’m really sorry. I’m afraid there must be something wrong with it.M: Let me see. Well, nothing serious.W: Does it go well?M: I think so. You don’t have to worry about it much.W: You’re a nice man.14.M: Town Restaurant. Good morning, madam! And can I help you?W: Er…I’d like to order two tables for eight.M: Today, madam?W: Yes.M: Then what time?W: About three o’clock, I think.M: I’m sorry that we only serve lunch untill 3 pm.W: Well, two o’clock is alright. But they must be by windows.M: OK. What name, please?W: Rose Green.M: Very good, madam. Two tables for eight at 2 pm today. See you then.W: Bye.15.W: Christmas is coming up, David. Let me ask you a question.M: Go ahead.W: Do you celebrate Christmas?M: No. We have Chinese New Year’s celebrations.W: But Christmas is the biggest holiday of the year. People are busy shopping present for relatives and friends before Christmas Eve.M: That sounds exciting.W: Children hang their stockings over the fireplace so that Father Christmas can fill them with sweets and toys.M: What if they don’t have a fireplace?W: No problem. They always find some place to hang them. By the way, what are you going to do at Christmas?M: My teacher, Professor Smith and his wife have invited me to a Christmas dinnerW: Sounds great.16.Nowadays, many foreign students fly to China, a country thousands of kilometers fromtheir own, just to learn Chinese. Frank Micheal is one of them, though he would rather be called Dashan, a Chinese name given to him by his friend. He has been at Shanghai International Studies University for a year. Before this, he had studied Chinese for a year at a university in Germany. “I have no difficulty talking with Chinese people. But when they talk with each other, I cannot easily understand them.” He said. “Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, through which I can look back and see more clearly my own language.” Dashan has been to many places in China. Among them, he likes Xi’an, Shanghai and Wuhan very much. “It’s my wish to learn the Chinese language and make friends in China.” He said.。
1.Woman：When was the last time you dusted the apartment?Man：When was the last time my mother came over?Question：What does the man imply?1.He has not cleared the apartment since his mother’s visit.2.Woman：Hurry up Mark，there‘s a bus coming now.Man：Why run?There‘ll be another one in 2 or 3 minutes.Question：What does the man mean?2.They might as well take the next bus.3.Man：Laura，it seems that you are up to your neck in work，how come you‘ve been so busy? Woman：Ms Smith has asked for a sick leave，and I have to take over her work for a couple of days.Question：What do we learn about the woman?3. She has to do extra work for a few days.4.Woman：Washing dishes at the cafeteria every day is really boring.Man：Why don‘t you quit and deliver the flowers with me?Question：What does the man suggest the woman do?4.change her job.5.Woman：Rod，you said you‘d take this package to the post office yesterday.Man：Oh，no，it must have slipped my mind.Question：What do we learn about the man from the conversation?5.He failed to do what he promised to do.6.Man：I‘m not surprised that you didn’t like that movie.I find it really scary myself. Woman：So did I.I don‘t care much for horror movies as a rule.Question：What do we learn from the conversation?6.The woman does not like horror films.7.Man：My life experience tells me that love is filled with happiness but it hurts you too. Woman：Your words remind me of the saying honey is sweet but the bee stings.Question：What do we learn from the conversation?7.The speakers share a common view on love.8.Man：How many more chairs should I bring in for the forum，six or seven?Woman：Bring in all you can find.I‘m expecting at least 20 participants.Question：What are the speakers talking about?8.Preparations for a forum.Conversation 1Man: Do you think there's discrimination against women in England today?Woman: Certainly, and not just in education and work either, in many other fields as well. The tax situation for women is very unfair, for example.Man: Are women better off in other countries then?Woman: It depends on the country. There's certainly much less discrimination in Scandinavia, and maybe in America, too.Man: Do you think the position of English women will improve?Woman: In some ways it will of course. I'm sure more women will go out to work in the next 20 years. But the women have a much greater problem than this to solve.Man: What's that?Women: The problem of men's attitudes. We can earn more money in the future, but I'm not surewe can change men' attitudes. You see, most men really think that women are inferior. Maybe we are physically weaker, but I don't think this means we are inferior. Then there's another problem. Man: Yes?Women: The problem of women's attitudes. Lots of women are unhappy with their present situation, but most of them probably don't want to fight for change. It could be that the women's liberation movement has to spend more time changing women's attitudes than it spends in changing men's.Man: One last question, some supporters of the woman's liberation movement believed that marriages should be abolished. You agree?Women: No, I don't. It can't happen. What may and should happen is that we teach men to spend more time looking after children and doing housework.9. Where are women said to be less discriminated against?9. Scandinavia10. What will happen in England in 20 years according to the conversation?10.More women will work outside the family11. What does the woman think the women's liberation movement should do?11. Spend more time changing women’s attitudesConversation 2Man: Cheers, ShirleyWomen: Cheers, Paul. What a lovely place for a business lunch. I hope I can concentrate in this heat.Man: I will sure you will when I tell you about my ideas.Woman: You know, I must say I was pleased to hear from you, but from what you said on the phone, everything is so sudden.Man: Well, my father-in-law, who is also the managing director of J.R. Motives, has given me two weeks to prepare a report on the possibility of moving into the export market.Woman: Ah, now, just one thing Paul. Have you really thought the whole idea through?Man: Of course I have.Woman: Now the key thing in the whole operation is to get a good import agent, and you say the bank will help?Man: I'm almost sure of it.Woman: Preliminary studies are very good, Paul. But if the product can't sell, then there's little usein expanding the factory.Man: Yes, I realize that, Shirley. But we have a very good product. The chief designer has just completed a new improved model.Woman: I know your bikes have a very good reputation here, but you have to build up a reputation and mark it in Africa.Man: Yes, of course. But the immediate problem is that my father-in-law wants a detailed report by next Monday. Two weeks isn't enough time to prepare a report, so I need your help. Woman: OK, Paul, you've convinced me. I must say I admire your determination.12. Where does the conversation most probably take place?12. In a restaurant13. What do we learn about the men's father-in-law?13. He is the Managing Director of Jayal Motors14. What does the woman think is important in the whole operation?14. To get a good import agent（进口代理商）15.What does the woman admire in the man?15.His determinationPassage 1Scientists know how twins were born, now though, they are trying to explain how being half of the biological pair influences a twin’s identity. They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices even when they don’t leave near each other. For example, Jim Springer and Jim Louis are identical twins. They were separated when they were only 4 months old. The two Jims grew up in different families and did not meet for 39 years. When they finally met, they discovered some surprising similarities between them. Both men were married twice, their first wives were named Linda, and their second wives were both named Betty. Both twins named their first sons James Allen. Scientists want to know what influences are personality. They study pairs of identical twins who grew up in different surroundings, like Jim Springer and Jim Louis. Thesetwins help scientists understand the connection between environment and biology. Researchers at the University of Minnesota, studies 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together. They discovered many similarities in their personalities. Scientists believed that personality characteristics such as friendliness, shyness and fears are not result of environment. These characteristics are probably inherited. Scientists continue to study identical twins because they are uncertain about them and have many questions. For example, they want to know ‘can twins really communicate without speaking’, ‘can one twin really feel another twin’s pain’. Perhaps with more research, scientists will find the answers.16.What are scientists trying to explain according to the passage?16. How being an identical twin influences one’s identify.17.What do we learn about the twin Jims?17.They grew up in different surroundings.18.Why are scientists interested in studying identical twins raised in different families?18.They want to find out the relationship between environment and biology.Passage 2Today I’m going to talk about tents. Camping is still one of the cheapest ways of having a holiday. And each year, over 3 million people take camping vocations, either here in Britain or aboard, mostly on the continent. Obviously, camping can’t be as comfortable as living in a permanent house, but modern tents can be very comfortable indeed, with windows, bedrooms, kitchens and sitting rooms. The most popular tent sold in Britain is the frame tent with 2 bedrooms and sleeping accommodation for 4 people. There is usually an outer tent of water-proofed fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a built-in ground sheet. The outer tent fits over the frame work. This ismade of metal poles which are fitted together. The inner tent is attached to this frame. Generally, the inner tent is about half the area of the outer tent. The other half of the outer tent is the living area. This doesn’t usually have a ground sheet but you can buy one to fit, though it costs extra. The ordinary 4 bed frame tent doesn’t usually have a separate kitchen area, but the larger ones often do. You can buy a kitchen extension for many tents, and it’s worth buying one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days.19.What does the speaker say about camping?19.It is an inexpensive way of spending a holiday.“the cheapest way of having a holiday”正好就和选项中的“inexpensive way of spending a holiday”同义互换20.What does the passage tell us about the most popular tent sold in Britain?20.It consists of an inner and an outer tent我们可以知道最受欢迎的帐篷有这样的特色：“The most popular tent… is the frame tent with 2 bedrooms and sleeping accommodation for 4 people. There is usually an outer tent… and a lighter inner tent or tents”。
大学英语四级考试听力复习笔记大学英语四级考试听力复习笔记Don't aim for success if you want it; just do what you love and believe in, and it will come naturally.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学英语四级考试听力复习笔记，希望能给大家带来帮助!Australian Team Moves Into Athlete’s Village澳大利亚代表队入住奥运村When the Australian athletes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, arrived last weekend for the Olympic Games, they got a surprise.当澳大利亚的运动员上周到达巴西里约热内如的奥运村，他们收到了“惊喜”。
The team’s housing in the athlete’s village was not ready.澳大利亚队员的房间并没有准备好。
Some of the hallways were dark, electrical wiring had not been covered, the toilets did not work and sinks were blocked.电线还没有准备好，有些门厅还是没有灯光的。
卫生间不能使用，并且洗手盆的下水管道是堵住的。
But, after four days at a hotel, the Australian athletes finally moved in on Wednesday.住了四天宾馆后，澳大利亚的运动员周三还是搬进了奥运村。
Olympic organizers agreed that some buildings were not ready for occupancy after some disagreements between representatives of the Australian Olympic team and the mayor of Rio de Janeiro.奥运会官方承认，的确一些建筑设施还没有准备好，因为澳大利亚代表团和里约热内如市长之间意见不统一。
听力技巧：大学英语四级考试听力笔记讲义41、超市supermarket：购买生活用品 supplies(便宜)2、百货公司department store：服装;家用电器 appliance(贵)注：1. 反义疑问句，表达陈述观点。
2. must表猜测熟词的多种用法：run into sb. = happen to sb. 碰巧碰到某人My nose has been running the whole morning. 整个早上我都在流鼻涕。
run it down to me = tell me the whole story 告诉我，娓娓道来I've got the runs. 拉肚子机场场景：1、票已售完。
2、接人晚点。
3、送人伤感。
注：Madam：女士，夫人(较正式); Ma'am 口语中常用注：1. receptionist 前台，接待员2. air hostess 空姐3. shop assistant 售货员4. blanket 毛毯，毯子。
carpet 地毯。
rug 小地毯5. take-off 起飞;脱衣服。
注：1. How are you doing? 普通打招呼How are you feeling? 用于对方生病时打招呼2. out of bed 离开床了生病场景：1、医生难找2、病情如何3、有病耽误课注：1. breakfast 的构词法：break 打破 + fast 禁食 = breakfast 早餐brunch 早午餐2. fruit juice 果汁。
orange juice 橘子汁。
lemonade 柠檬汁。
3. be used to doing sth. 习惯于。
选项中一般有 be accustomed to do sth. 或 adapt 替换。
used to do 过去常常。
选项中一般有 was always 或 not now表现在不做。
四级备考：听力课堂笔记(11)导读：本文四级备考：听力课堂笔记(11)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
4.表示同意、附和的句型I agree with youExactlyI couldn’t agree with you more / betterI think soI can’t wait any minuteBelieve it or notI will ……if 假如……我就会It’s my turn 轮到我了我请客Why not ?You are rightI guess so 我猜也是No problem 没问题Of causeOut of question 毫无疑问So do I / me too 我也是Sure / absolutely / beautiful 当然，很好Good ideaThat sounds really nice 听起来真不错5.表示询问的句型Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么问题吗?Can you give me some ideas 可以给我一些建议吗?Do you know ……Do you want to……Do you find any wrong with 你觉得……有什么不对劲吗? How long will it take 做什么要花多久I am thinking of ……我正在考虑做……I suppose think ……我猜想……What’s your plane plan 你的计划是什么?What happens if ……如果……怎么办?What shall we do 我们该怎么做?6.表示否定的句型Actually / as a matter of fact 事实上……How can you do sth 你怎么可以……I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再烦我I couldn’t agree with youI didn’t men to 我本不打算I don’t think soIt doesn’t matter 无所谓I wish ……但愿……I’d like to but 我很愿意但是……I’d love to butI just can’t bearI am afraid notI am sorry but……is not everything ……不是关键no bother / why bother 不要麻烦no , thanksreallyThat’s his opinionTo tell you the truthWell , as far as I know。
2014年英语四级考试：听力必考习语1
一、across
1、表方位。
Let’s go to the restaurant across the street and get something
to eat.
让我们去街对面的餐馆买些吃的。
2、表动作，穿越。
You must go across the bridge and then turn right.
你必须先过桥，然后再往右拐。
二、age
1、年龄。
最一般的表达。
在此不赘述。
2、衰老。
the aging people = the old people
现代社会出现越来越严重的aging problem(人口老龄化问题)等。
三、all
1、shake all over 浑身颤抖
2、all of a sudden 突然地
All of a sudden, I remembered her name. 我突然想起了她的名字。
转自学易网
3、by all means 一定
I’ll come by all means. 我一定会来的。
4、all night long 整晚
My present neighbor plays piano all night long. 我现在的邻居整晚
都弹钢琴。
大学英语四级考试听力笔记（一）短对话部分一、短对话听力的一些原则1、推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案2、挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等）3、男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。
男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好4、父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习5、除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的6、四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情、问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项二、短对话十大场景及一般思路1、借车：车一般是借不到的2、吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，“派”一般比较好吃3、考试：作业、论文一般较难，或须要熬夜；教授一般比较严厉；选修课较难，较多4、坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等5、事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人6、听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的7、论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写（rewrite）8、休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater9、医院：需要预约make an appointment10、买票：基本上是买不到的三、短对话的常见场景1、学校场景课程分类Optional course 选修课Required course 必修课Day course 白天的课Evening course 晚上的课经常出现的科目或专业Chinese 中文English 英语Mathematic 数学History 历史Chemistry 化学Literature 文学考试Final exam 期终考试middle exam 期中考试make up 补考test测验pop test 事先没有说好的测验quiz 测验oral test 口试考试临近draw onin sight ofdraw nearly考试延期或取消delaybe offdeferhold uppostponeput offsuspend 学校分类public school 公立学校private school 私立学校religious school 教会学校学校中的人president 校长dean 院长professor 教授lecturer 讲师coordinator 管理员doctor 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士freshman 大一新生sophomore 大二学生junior 大三学生senior 大四学生图书馆借书lend / borrow / check out参考书reference book续借renew过期overdue还书return罚金fineattend / have a lecture 上课cut a class 逃课miss a class 错过了课scholarship 荣誉奖学金assistantship 助教奖学金teaching assistant 助教research assistant 助研semester 学期2、交通运输场景fare 车票licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞overtake 超车one way street 单行道over speed 超速police officer 交警ticket 罚单fine 罚金fast way / express way / high way 高速公路motor way 机动车道super way 飞机机动车道free way 免费高速公路交通工具（出现频率从高到低）plane / train（女）/ bus / bike（女）/ walk（女）/ taxi （女）：女生比较喜欢tunnel / channel 隧道ring road 环线subway（美）/ underground （英）地铁metro 地道地铁underpass人行地道overhead 轻轨flyover 人行天桥mag –lev 磁悬浮take a taxi 乘出租车call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车3.电话场景mobile phone 手机pay phone 公用电话telephone box/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页dial （拨电话号码）/ press （按电话号码）extension 分机operator 总机put~through 接通wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人is not in 不在？be not inhold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up / get off 挂断credit call 记账式电话bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话collect call 对方付费电话4.机场场景plane / craft 飞机book 订票timetable 时间表destination 目的地one way ticket 单程票round trip ticket 来回票non-stop / direct flight 直航transfer / lay over / stop over 转机first / business / economy cabin 头等/ 商务/ 经济舱confirm the flight 确认航班check in 登记boarding card 登机牌security check 安检see off 送行送别时的祝语keep in touch 保持联系safe landing 安全着陆board 登机take off 起飞departure 离港safety / sect belt 安全带land 着陆arrival 进港pick up 接机5.公司场景job vacancy 有空缺职位letter of application 求职信resume 简历resume包括几部分basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料academic background 教育背景work experience 工作经验certificates and honoursinterview 面试offer 聘用信work experience 工作经验work overtime 加班ask for a raise 加钱wage 周薪salary 日薪bonus奖金allowance 津贴annual income 年收入promotion 升职fire 解雇resign 辞职retire 退休work / job / career / course 工作post / position / vocation / title 职务假期休息的说法（依次是从大到小）holiday 假日，假期vacation 休假annual leave 年假sick leave 病假rest 休息break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息coffee breakaway 离开一会公司职位从大到小chairman of the boardpresident -- general manager—manager –department manager—head –officer –specialist（专员）-- clerk6.租房场景live on campus 住校live off campus 住校外for sale 可销售的房子for rent / lease 可出租的房子to let 同上rent 租金utilities 公用事业费location 位置suburb / downtown 市郊/ 市中心condition 住房条件furnished 配家具unfurnished 无装修leaking 漏水blackout 断电environment 环境transportation 交通land lord 房东land lady 房东太太tenant 房客roommate 室友好的室友：neat 整洁的considerate 体贴的，细心的不好的室友：messy / untidy 脏乱的noisy 吵闹的7.医院场景see a doctor 去医院看医生send for a doctor 让医生出诊health center / clinic 卫生所/ 门诊部physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医make an appointment 预约emergency 急诊check up / exam 检查cold（感冒）——flu （流感）——headache （头痛）——sore throat（嗓子痛）——fever（发烧）——toothache（牙疼）——stomachache （胃疼）prescribe 开药方pill / tablet 药片liquid 喝药水injection => shot 注射operation 手术medical result 诊断结果8.宾馆场景make a reservation 预订房间confirm a reservation 确认预订cancel a reservation 取消预订fully booked / full up / full 客满porter 行旅员tips 小费reception 前台check in 登记入住single room 单人房double room 一张大床的双人房twin room 两张单人床的双人房suite 套房bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 厕所room service 客房服务（四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种——送餐）lounge 男士用休息区lobby 大堂business center 商务中心salon 美容厅ball 舞厅bar 酒吧night club 夜总会check out 退房9.邮局场景post / send / mail 寄letter / mail 信registered mail 挂号信regular mail 平信airmail 航空信parcel / package 包裹telegram / cable 电报rate 费率overweight 超重postage 邮资email 电子邮件reply 回复forward 转发cc（carbon copy）抄送bcc（blind carbon copy）秘密抄送subject 主题attach 附件attachment10.饭店场景eat out 出去吃take away 外带fast food 快餐book a table 订位子waiter / waitness 服务员waitressmenu 菜单order 点菜appetizer 开胃菜main course 主食dessert 餐后甜点bill 账单service charge 服务费change 找零tips 小费keep the change 不用找零了11．其他closed 关门open 开门office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间关于开关power on / off 开/关turn on / off 开/关switch on / off 开/ 关（这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关）干杯cheerspropose a toast tobottom upthe best book 最好的书圣经the best thing 最好的事情选择the last thing 最不愿意做的事情the last man 最不愿意见的人best seller 畅销的东西sell up 卖完，卖光售罄sell out卖完，卖光售罄/ 出卖朋友或原则sell off 低价处理库存商品selling machine 自动售货机selling point 卖点count the days 渴望count on = dependent / rely on depend oncount in 把……考虑在内count for nothing 一钱不值count for little 无足轻重count for much 举足轻重count down 倒计时count up 相加count up to 共计关于旅行traveljourney 陆上长途旅行trip 陆上短途旅行outing 远足stroll 散步wander 徘徊picnic 野餐camping 野营tour 周游cruise 水上短途旅行voyage 水上长途旅行关于死亡的说法没有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease 褒义的：pass away贬义的：kick the bucket关于和别人相处的好的说法get on with = get along (well) withbe in good term withlive in peace with关于强调point outemphasizelay / put emphasis ongive emphasis to达成协议找到出路find a way outreach an agreementreach a consensus关于“得失”gains and lossesgive and take关于拜访drop in / at / over / bystop in / over / bycall on sbcall at / round swlook in / uppay a visit topay / make a call to关于碰见，偶遇come acrossrun intobump intohappen to meet关于花钱、花费的词Take Spend Cost Charge Pay Buy 关于水waterrunning / tap ~ 自来水fresh ~ 活水still ~ 死水pure ~ 纯净水purified ~ 净化水mineral ~ 矿泉水be used to do 被用于be used to dong 习惯于get used to doing 渐渐习惯于used to do 过去常常单复数意思不太一样的词ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟authority 权威authorities 当局brain 头脑brains 智力，智慧custom 风俗习惯customs 海关damage 破坏，损坏damages 赔偿费ground 地面土地grounds 院子，监狱manner 礼貌方式manners 外貌minute 分钟minutes 会议记录paper 纸张papers 试卷time 时间times 时代关于“调查”researchsurvey 市场调查opinion poll 名义调查民意调查questionnaire 问卷调查investigation 很正式的调查interview 会见，访谈belong to 属于participate in 参加be engaged in 从事、参加be involved in 卷入消磨时间kill timepass timecount one’s thumbs用完、缺少run out ofbe short ofbe lack in lack of / ina little 一点not a little 很多a bit 一点not a bit 一点也没有短对话中常用单词和句型1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的说法expect / hope / wishbe eager / anxious /dying tolook for ward towait / yean / thirst / long forcan not waitcounting the days2.下列词语与“but”一样含有转折的的意思actuallywellreallyin factas a matter of factto tell you the truth3.表示建议的句型how about……做……如何I heard about……我听说……If I were you ……如果我是你……It seems to me that……在我看来似乎……Let’s ……shall we ? 让我们……怎么样？Let us ……will you ? 让我们……怎么样？Shall I / we ……What about ……做……如何Why don’t you ……你为什么不……Why not + 动词原型为什么不……Would you like ……你要……吗？Wouldn’t ……be better / wiser 做……不是更好吗？4.表示同意、附和的句型I agree with youExactlyI couldn’t agree with you more / betterI think soI can’t wait any minuteBelieve it or notI will ……if 假如……我就会It’s my turn 轮到我了我请客Why not ?You are rightI guess so 我猜也是No problem 没问题Of causeOut of question 毫无疑问So do I / me too 我也是Sure / absolutely / beautiful 当然，很好Good ideaThat sounds really nice 听起来真不错5.表示询问的句型Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么问题吗？Can you give me some ideas 可以给我一些建议吗？Do you know ……Do you want to……Do you find any wrong with 你觉得……有什么不对劲吗？How long will it take 做什么要花多久I am thinking of ……我正在考虑做……I suppose think ……我猜想……What’s your plane plan 你的计划是什么？What happens if ……如果……怎么办？What shall we do 我们该怎么做？6.表示否定的句型Actually / as a matter of fact 事实上……How can you do sth 你怎么可以……I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再烦我I couldn’t agree with youI didn’t men to 我本不打算I don’t thin k soIt doesn’t matter 无所谓I wish ……但愿……I’d like to but 我很愿意但是……I’d love to butI just can’t bearI am afraid notI am sorry but……is not everything ……不是关键no bother / why bother 不要麻烦no , thanksreallyThat’s his opinionTo tell you the truthWell , as far as I know7.表示“不得不”have to 表示客观上不得不做某事must 主观上的必须做某事be bound tocannot buthave no choice but8.表示“迟到”behind timebe delayed / overduebehind schedulebe late9.表示“紧张”trembleshake all overget one’s tongue tiedhave one’s mind go bl anknervous10.以下词组听到后意思取反mean to 想要……planned to 原计划……intended to 原打算……tended toused to 过去常常……11.以下句型要引起重视，重点听取，就算本身不是考点也一定直接引向考点反意疑问句( ……，didn’t you ?)反问句倒装句助动词do / did / doesit is ……that / who / when……的句型正确答案的特征1．含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项2．含有一下单词的一般是正确选项neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none3．含有以下三种结构的一般可能是正确选项系表结构（系动词+标语表语）比较结构（……than……）复合句4．含有四级词汇替换项的一般是正确选项5．表示“同意或不同意”，“喜欢或不喜欢”，“应该或不应该的”的一般为正确选项6．以下三种选项一般其中有一个可能是正确选项反意项形似项近似项7．同意项不可能是正确选项，等例排除。
2014年大学英语四级考试听力笔记讲义提供给个各位考生备考，预祝大家取得好成绩！1、短对话题型分类：Section A考题为六种题型。
无论每个考题的具体内容是什么，考题的题型总在重复。
我们要培养解类型题的能力。
比如在态度方向题中，每个考题的内容肯定不同。
但题型高度一致，解题的方向也必然相同。
如：Would you go to dance with me tonight?第二人的回答只有两种Yes或No。
我们要听的是第二个人的态度方向。
这个题问去跳舞吗?而另外的一个完全不同的考题可能会问去看电影吗?去音乐会吗?去野餐吗?去看比赛吗?这些不同的考题在我们的耳朵里就应该是同一类考题。
我们要听的是：他在问去还是不去?第二人要回答Yes还是No。
而解题点即正确选项一定就在第二人的回答的开头。
听力范围：Campus life考察对象：College students(在什么都没听清的情况下，异性猜classmate，同性猜roommate)一、语音问题：连读小练习1. rush hour 高峰时间，尖峰时刻;2. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴;3. check (it) out 借书;办理出院手续;彻底检查;退房(check in 开房);4. travel agent 旅行社(travel agency, travel bureau);financial aid 经济资助;5. turn down 关掉，拒绝;turn on 打开二、口语问题：注意语气，语调，语汇。
例如：1. tape 胶带;cassette 磁带。
2. project 作业(homework, assignment);工程;项目;计划;任务。
3. awful 糟糕的;terrific 特别棒的，好极了(口语中);可怕的，恐怖的(阅读中)。
4. I can tell that. 我能看得出。
5. I understand that... 我听说……。
6. I have got this one. have= have got have to= have got to (gotta)7. must 在口语中表猜测8. I'll take this one. 我要买这个。
9. I won't buy that. = I won't believe that. 我才不信呢。
10. He was my boyfriend.三、考题内容：生活情景，场景会话场景题：如何出考题;判断场景的线索词。
比如：book，校内library;校外book store(线索词manager, order)。
四、解题思路比如：交通：traffic jam车：break down题目分析：Section A为重点(主要为三种题型)but题型：but以后是重点。
这类考题的回答都是：I'd love to, I'd like to, Sounds great, Sounds a lot of fun...... but ......注：be sold out 售光了 wear out 穿破了; be worn out (指东西)破旧;(指人)非常疲惫check out 借书;出院;彻底检查;退房 figure out 想清楚，弄明白;figure 数字;体形work out 想清楚，弄明白，解决问题;(gym)拼命锻炼make out 分辨出，辨认出help out 帮个大忙hang out 到处闲逛dine out 外出吃饭cook out 野餐 turn out 事实证明注：1. 一句话后面加一个小尾巴，都是反义疑问句。
核心是陈述句。
2. sth. doesn't agree with sb. 指某人不适应某种情况。
悲惨原则：第一个人说一件事情，第二个人回答听不清或一点都没听到，一定有麻烦，回答多半是抱怨。
比如：谈论买东西肯定买不到，谈论订房肯定订完了，谈论交通肯定拥挤，谈论车肯定坏掉，谈论考试肯定不及格，谈论野餐肯定下雨。
解题思路：第一类，有关学习的考题基于学生身份去猜题。
关于考试：考试难，时间紧，能否延期。
作业难做。
论文没做完。
选课多。
对老师评价：讲课boring，老师strict，作业多。
She is one in a million. 当老师要退休的时候对老师的评价才会高。
第二类，生活。
学生穷poor，要省钱。
时时带着学生证。
购物时一定要bargin。
杂志不订应该去图书馆读，如：A: Maybe I oughtta subscribe(捐献，订购) to the magazine. B: Why don't you save the money and read it in the library?。
在家看比赛没钱买票。
第三类，学生忙，当话题中既包含学习又包含娱乐时体现学生忙，一定选择学习方面。
注：1. gas station 加油站。
2. 口语中的缩略：gas station = gasoline station 生活中也可说成 filling station。
gym = gymnasium 健身房dorm = dormitory 宿舍lab = laboratory 实验室(secretary 秘书)ad = advertisement 广告exhibit= exhibition 展览 (场景：博物馆museum)ob = obvious 明显的vet = veterinarian 兽医3. 发音 /v/ /w/ very, visit, well, very well/A/ gas, lab, ad, badWe really had a bad time last night, you should've been there.1、paper 论文：(1)paper 常用词义：paper 论文;newspaper 报纸;papers 文件;paper 纸(2)research 查询资料。
对应场景library图书馆。
(3)写论文的步骤：第一步，选题topic，选题难，范围广。
第二步，查询资料research，图书馆场景。
第三步，打出论文。
typewriter 打字机，computer 计算机，printer 打印机，laser printer 激光打印机，laptop 笔记本电脑。
论文没打完，typewriter/computer坏了break down 或者typewriter需要新的ribbon。
(4)题目难选，资料难查，打字困难(机房总被占)。
奖学金：fellowship;RA 助研：research assistant;TA 助教：teaching assistant2、presentation 口头演讲，口头报告：(1)同义词：report, speech, address。
(2)考点：I. 着装正式 formal clothes(考试中另一个考到着装正式的考点是interview面试)，会出现change。
II. 演讲人的内心感受：nervous紧张的。
3、reading assignment 阅读作业：文科学生reading list读书清单。
抱怨需要读的书多。
吃：(校内、校外)校内：饭堂cafeteria(不好吃)校外：restaurant有waiter, menu, order, reserve a table, make a reservationapple pie 苹果派(好吃)可以代表traditional American，比如：This picnic is as American as apple pie. John is as American as apple pie.apple pie virtue = traditional American virtue在考题中形容apple pie好吃的句子举例如下：(1) Even my mother's can't match this.(2) I took the last one, and it was out of the world.(3) You wouldn't have to force me to take another helping.注：1. A and B结构，考人物关系 2. 选项B非主流，应排除。
3. fine 罚款。
pay the fine, check the fine考试中涉及到fine罚款的两个场景：(1)交通traffic: break traffic rules, speeding。
(2)图书馆library：过期罚款。
注：1. rewrite 重写，改写2. upset 从考试痛苦可猜想该选项;modest 从西方文化可直接排除该选项。
东西方文化差异：1、西方人不谦虚。
一般都self-confidence。
2、西方人崇尚个人奋斗。
借钱肯定不借;借笔记一般也不成;对钱看的很重，很敏感。
3、西方人表达直接。
注：1. transfer 转机，换车2. board 登上(交通工具)机场场景：1、票已售完。
2、接人晚点。
3、送人伤感。
机场线索词：airplane 飞机;flight 航班;take off 起飞;land 降落;circle 盘旋;wing 机翼，侧面建筑(常用)，鸡翅;terminal 候机大厅，终端(常用)，终点站交通话题：1、交通堵塞：traffic jam, back up, heavy2、交通违章：要罚款3、交通晚点：behind schedule注：gas 汽油打电话场景：1、约人约不到：make an appointment 主要指约医生2、约会去不了：come up, reschedule, fit sb. in3、电话打不通，打错了：run out of coin, cut off(被中断;hang up 主动挂断)相关词汇：receiver 听筒 hook 钩slot 投币孔dial 拨号telephone book = yellow pages 电话簿(yellow press 黄色出版物)医院场景：1、医生难找。
2、病情如何。
3、有病耽误课。
miss the class 缺课缺课的原因：(1) 生病get ill(2) 睡过了头over sleep(3) 交通问题，车坏了等。
超市supermarket：购买生活用品 supplies(便宜)2、百货公司department store：服装;家用电器 appliance(贵)注：1. 反义疑问句，表达陈述观点。
