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Section Ⅲ Grammar-复习被动语态[语法初识]原句感知自主探究1.Today, carnival in Venice iscelebrated for five days in February. 2．In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter. 3．English lessons are being broadcast on the radio now.4．Cars will be sent abroad by sea tomorrow.5．He said all the task had been finished by last week. 1.句1用了一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“is/am/are＋过去分词”。
2．句2用了一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were＋过去分词”。
3．句3用了现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“is/am/are＋being＋过去分词”。
4．句4用了一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will/shall_be＋过去分词”。
5．句5用了过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had ＋been＋过去分词”。
语法点一被动语态的基本时态变化1如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词用被动语态。
时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/are done He is asked to do this.一般过去时was/were done The story was told by her mother.一般将来时will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 现在进行时am/is/arebeing doneThe bridge is being built.过去进行时was/were At that time the desk was being(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
角顿市安康阳光实验学校Module 4 Carnival Section Ⅲ Integrating SkillsⅠ.单句语法填空1．Well，it's also (relax)to be around nature.2．The black slaves fought for (free)for many years，and finally succeeded.3．The party was held in (celebrate)of the couple's silver wedding.4．The fish your mother prepared was very (taste)．5．He gained high (mark)for English.6．Japan is a country which depends much on (import)goods from other countries.7．After that the slavery was (abolish)．8．China has been (trade)with India for many years.9．I'd rather you (meet)her at the airport tomorrow morning.10．I'd rather you (leave)a note on her desk yesterday. 【：93460028】【答案】 1.relaxing 2.freedom 3.celebration 4．tasty 5.marks 6.importing 7.abolished 8．trading 9.met 10.had leftⅡ.完成句子1．有必要的话找老师帮忙。
Ask the teacher for help，．2．你没必要为此担心。
worry about it.3．约翰今天想来看我。
Module 4 Carnival Section Ⅰ Introduction &Reading-Pre-readingCarnival, the most important and popular festival in Brazil, mixes emotions, creativity, colours, sounds and many costumes. The moment comes when all participants are the protagonists (主角) of their own play, costume, plot, and samba.Carnival, as spelled in Portuguese, is a 4day celebration.It starts on Saturday, and ends on Fat Tuesday.Dates change every year.Little need be said about Carnival in Rio; the Samba School Parade is world famous and everyone has seen pictures in magazines and on television.Every year, Rio hosts the world's largest festival — Carnival. Many preCarnival festivities begin earlier, while the closing event — the Parade of the Champions — is on Saturday.The official opening is when the Mayor hands over the keys of the City to Carnival King Momo and his Queen. This is the kickoff for festivities that dance through the streets all over town, highlighted by parades, contests and balls.Downtown, the Sambadrome opens its gates to the Samba School Parades, beginning with Group B Samba Schools on Friday. Saturday is set aside for Group A — the second highest ranking, with the champion and runnerup promoted to the Major League next year. Sunday and Monday are the Major Samba School Parades in the SpecialGroup, while Tuesday sees the Junior Samba Schools. Balls take place every night throughout the week, together with a variety of costume contests.During this period, hotels in Rio work only with package bookings and prepayment. One of the most frequent questions we hear is “what is the date of Carnival this year？” Well,believe it or not,it is not an easy question to answer. You have to be part astrologer (占星家), part mathematician, and part priest!Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Prereading[原文呈现] [读文清障]The Magic of the Mask Think of①carnival②，and you think of crowds, costumes③，and confusion④. The sounds and sights change from one country to⑤ another but the excitement is the same everywhere.“Carnival” comes from two Latin words, meaning “no more meat”⑥. In Europe, where it began⑦，carnival was followed by⑧forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian⑨festival of Easter⑩. People saw Carnival as⑪ a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season. Having fun⑫meant eating, drinking, and dressing up⑬.①Think of ... and you think of ...为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。
Module 4 Carnival Section Ⅲ Grammar-复习被动语态语法图解探究发现①Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.②They were put into prison because they had broken the law.③Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five da ys in February.④I think the problem can be solved soon.⑤English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.⑥Cars will be sent abroad by sea.⑦He said all the task had been finished by last week.⑧This kind of clothes washes easily and sells well.[我的发现](1)找出①～⑦句中的被动语态结构①are_booked ②were_put_into_prison③is_celebrated④can_be_solved⑤are_being_broadcast⑥will_be_sent⑦had_been_finished(2)以上句子中，⑧句是用主动形式表示被动意义。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。
一般来说，只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态。
一、使用被动语态的情况⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ ①不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者②突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语表示③由于某种理由如为了礼貌、婉转或便于组织句子 而使用被动语态Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class.怀特老师，那个装有混合液的杯子课后被打破了。
The novel was written by a high school student.这部小说是由一个高中生写的。
[巧学助记]谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。
动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。
二、各种时态的被动语态形式[即时演练1] 用所给动词的被动语态形式填空①More students will_be_admitted (admit) to this university next year. ②A new road is_being_built (build) and is expected to open next month. ③(2015·福建高考改编)To my delight, I was_chosen (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.④This kind of chocolate has_been_made (make) several times so far. ⑤He said the work would_be_finished (finish) in half an hour. ⑥When I got there the work had_been_done (do)．三、被动语态的特殊形式1．含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词＋be ＋过去分词”。
She should be taught how to operate the computer.应该教给她如何操作电脑。
2．“get＋动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。
The boy got hurt when he was riding to school.那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。
3．动词不定式的被动语态⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ ①一般式to be done ：表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之 后发生或与其同时发生②完成式to have been done ：表示不定式的动作发生在 谓语动作之前The book is said to be published soon.据说这本书很快就会出版。
He seemed to have been told the bad news.看起来已有人告诉过他这个坏消息了。
[即时演练2] 完成句子①All the letters should_be_answered immediately.所有信件均应立刻回复。
②The operation must_be_done at once.必须马上做手术。
③Nobody got_hurt/injured in the accident.没有人在这次事故中受伤。
④The computer seems to_have_been_used already. Can you give me a new one? 这台电脑好像已经被用过。
你能给我一台新的吗？四、主动形式表达被动意义1．动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, turn, fall, grow, keep, go, stay 作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点，此时用主动形式表达被动意义。
The building looks very beautiful.这栋建筑看上去很美。
2．表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, open, stop, move 等，用主动形式表达被动意义。
The shop opens at 8：00 in the morning every day.商店每天上午八点开始营业。
3．表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, lock 等，用主动形式表达被动意义。
The new book of Guo Jingming sells well.郭敬明的新书卖得很好。
4．be worth 后跟动名词形式，用主动形式表达被动含义；need, want, require 等词表示“需要……”，且物作主语时，后接 doing, 用主动形式表达被动含义，相当于 to be done。
The movie is worth seeing.这部影片值得一看。
The rumour needs clarifying/to be clarified.谣言需要澄清。
5．be to blame 或 be to let 也是主动形式表示被动意义。
He is to blame for the broken window.因为打破了窗户他应该受到责备。
6．在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义；动词不定式在名词后作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。
I'll give you something to read.我将给你一些东西读。
[即时演练3](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①I have a lot of readings to_complete (complete) before the end of this term.②In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to_deal (deal) with.③With so much wo rk to_do (do), I have no time to go to the cinema.④The problem is worth discussing (discuss) again.⑤The soup tastes (taste) a little sour and a little sweet.(2)完成句子①That driver was_to_blame for the accident.那位司机应对此事故负责。
②The house needs repairing/to_be_repaired.这座房子需要修理。
③He isn't easy to_get_along_with.他不易相处。
④The cloth washes_easily.这布很好洗。
⑤The material feels_very_soft.这种材料摸起来很软。
五、主动语态变成被动语态1．将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态，其后可接by介词短语，by后面是动作的发出者(有时by短语可以省略)。
The teacher asked him to answer the question.老师让他回答问题。
(变成被动语态)→He was asked to answer the question by the teacher.2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为“疑问词＋一般疑问句”。
Where did they grow vegetables?他们在哪儿种菜？(变成被动语态)→Where were vegetables grown by them?3．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
He told us a story.他给我们讲了一个故事。
(变成被动语态)→We were told a story by him.＝ A story was told to us by him.Her mother bought her a computer.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。
(变成被动语态)→A computer was bought for her by her mother.＝ She was bought a computer by her mother.4．若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语，在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。
She will take good care of the children.她将会照顾好这些孩子。
