2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案一

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（22）Passage Twenty-three (Women and Fashions)Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so- called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man whohasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. New fashions in clothes reflect the qualities of women.. New fashions in clothing are created solely for commercial exploitation of women.[C]. The top designers seem to have the right to creating new fashion.[D]. Men have the basic quality of reliability.2. Why do the general appearance of actresses look ludicrous?[A]. Because they want their appearance in the fashion.. Because the top designers want them to follow the fashion.[C]. Because the top designers want them to make fashion.[D]. Because the top designers want them to lead the fashion.3. Why are women mercilessly exploited by the fashion designers?[A]. They love new fashion. . They love new clothes.[C]. They want to look beautiful. [D]. They are too vain.4. What are fashion designers interested in?[A]. Outward appearance. . Comfort.[C]. Beauty. [D]. Durability.V ocabulary1. dated 过时的2. decree 法令，命令3. dictatorial 专制的，惟我独尊的4. arbitrary 任意的，专横的5. take exception (at) 生气，发怒6. take exception to (against) 对……提出异议7. dictates (pl) 意旨，命令，指令8. squander 浪费9. hem 褶边，折缝，镶边10. flimsy 薄的，没有价值的11. dainty 雅致的，讲究的12. fickle 易变的，轻浮的13. bully 欺负14. lay down the law （制定法律）这里指服装设计师发号施令或定出条条框框难句译注1. lay down the law 制定法律。

高考英语阅读方法系列教案第一篇高考英语阅读理解的命题特点及解题思路阅读理解是高考中占比重最大的题型，旨在考查学生语篇理解的能力。

一、阅读这个部分要想拿满分必须做到以下两点：1、时间分配要清楚，一定要限制在每篇阅读6-7分钟，不能再超了，因为再超了，其他的时间就没有了，所以把时间分配好是最重要的。

2、一定要分题型，就是如果他是细节题，就一定要上文章中去找细节，一定要找到那句话，如果没有找到那个出题点，轻易地去选往往会出错。

如果是概括题，就一定要注意文章的首段、尾段、尾段的首句。

二、阅读理解题的构成：高考的阅读理解题一般由三部分构成：原文、题目和选项(一个正确项与三个非正确项)。

阅读理解试题是通过一定的文章内容，针对高考对考生能力测试的要求设计题干和选项的，因此，考生只有弄清楚以上几者之间的相互关系才能真正解决问题。

考生要通过题干的桥梁作用，从选项中找出与原文意义完全相符的一项。

尤其是细节题，命题者比较喜欢采用同义、近义复述或重复的方法来设计阅读理解题的正确答案，即选项与原文的意思相同，只不过表达不一样罢了。

可见，阅读理解的语言解码关键在于解读试卷中不同的语言表达。

而像推理题等考查深层含义的试题主要考查考生的思维模式是否与作者写作时的思维相吻合。

实际上，作者是按照一定的思维模式去写作的，而命题者则根据作者的写作语言特点和高考测试能力的要求来设置试题的题干和选项考生要以原文语言为依据，尽可能利用文章中的有用信息，使自己的思路与作者写作时的思路相吻合。

因此，要想做好阅读理解题，必须学会合理地处理好题干、选项与原文的关系。

若题干是细节题，不妨采取以下步骤：1、确定题目关键词，也就是明确出题点。

2、查找文章对应处，寻找题目关键词的对应词(一般是同义词或近义词)，因为对应词周围就是前后测试点，找到对应词也就找到了解题的依据。

3、回到题目，逐一核对选项，挑出与出题点内容一致的选项，即答案。

对于深层理解题，由于不能直接从文章中获得答案，因此第2个步骤应该改为跳读文章，从文章诸多的信息中梳理出最有用的信息。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<24）Passage Twenty-six (Sensory Evaluation of Food>A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should three times—in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving the preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War II suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a thing of the past. Bow, in the book “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food,” the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been make to collect every possible piece of information, which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first sight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no meansis its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.b5E2RGbCAPOf particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stimulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to hereceptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation.p1EanqFDPwApart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as, of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli from the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the authors rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted with various forms of deafness. It is well-known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the work of Prof. H. J. Eysenck on the “stimulus hunger”of extroverts and the “stimulus avoidance” of introverts.DXDiTa9E3d1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to RTCrpUDGiT[A]. introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food.5PCzVD7HxA. show the connection between food and nationality of food.jLBHrnAILg[C]. indicate that there are various ways to prepare food.xHAQX74J0X[D]. impress upon the reader the food value of fish.LDAYtRyKfE2. The reviewers appraisal of “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food” is one of Zzz6ZB2Ltk[A]. mixed feelings. . indifference [C]. high praise. [D]. faint praise.dvzfvkwMI13. The writer of the article does not express the view, either directly or by implication, thatrqyn14ZNXI [A]. sharply defined classifications of taste are needed.EmxvxOtOco. more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food.SixE2yXPq5[C]. food values are objectively determined by an expert “smeller”.6ewMyirQFL[D]. temperature is an important factor in the value of food.kavU42VRUs4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject becausey6v3ALoS89[A]. deaf people are generally introversive.. the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation.M2ub6vSTnP[C]. they are more fastidious in their choice of foods.0YujCfmUCw[D]. All types of subjects should be used.Vocabulary1. preservation保鲜，保存2. sensory appeal 感官的魅力3. be provocative of 脱颖而出4. exhaustive详尽的，无遗漏的5. discursive推论的6. be provocative of 引起……争论/兴趣等的eUts8ZQVRd7. crisp有力的，有劲的8. perception感觉，知觉，直觉9. modality方式modality of taste <味）感觉到10. discrimination鉴别力11. localization地区性，定位12. merit值得……，有……价值sQsAEJkW5T13. crunchy嘎吱作响的14. extraneous外部的15. extrovert外向性格的人16. introvert内项性格的人难句译注1. although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell.GMsIasNXkA[结构简析] in appearance or smell 应译成：色或香。

专题14 阅读理解高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。

分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。

阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。

不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。

除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。

Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。

即先看试题，再读文章。

阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。

其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。

必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。

三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。

文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。

作者为文，有脉可循。

如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。

四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。

深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。

它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。

推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<29）Passage Nineteen (Creative Process of Works>The great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what is the creative process?b5E2RGbCAPThough much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions. But what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?p1EanqFDPwJohn L.Lowes, in his justly famous “The Road to Xanadu,”developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. Imaginative creation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.”DXDiTa9E3dThe Deep Well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through Will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.RTCrpUDGiTThough there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, Lowes’theory of Well, Vision, Form, and Will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work. 5PCzVD7HxAIn a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer’s life. It is the Deep Well. It is the Deep Well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writer’s mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium—learning a language, learning how towrite, learning literary forms. It is important to mot here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the Vision, according to Lowes, ”which sees shining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from …”jLBHrnAILg1. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reached the stage calledxHAQX74J0X[A]. Well. . Vision. [C]. Form. [D]. Will.LDAYtRyKfE2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A]. The form determines the subject matter.. The idea determines the form.[C]. Vision makes beauty an actuality.[D]. A writer is unconscious when he prepares his work.Zzz6ZB2Ltk3. The word “fortuitously” in the third paragraph meansdvzfvkwMI1[A]. accidentally. . luckily. [C]. thoroughly. [D]. potentially.rqyn14ZNXI4. The remembrance of things past is carried on in the EmxvxOtOco[A]. Deep Well. . Vision. [C]. Chaotic lights and shadows. [D]. Conscious mind.SixE2yXPq5Vocabulary1. fuse 融化，结合2. intuition 直觉3. Xanadu 是一个非常美的，田园诗般的地方。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<7）Passage Seventeen (On the President’s Program>President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.b5E2RGbCAPThe most liberal wing of the President’s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.p1EanqFDPwThe Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.DXDiTa9E3dBoth these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter ofmarkets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.RTCrpUDGiTSo the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.5PCzVD7HxA1.The focus of the President’s program is on[A] investment.economy.[C] technology.[D] tax.2.What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?jLBHrnAILg[A] They want a more direct action.They want an incomes policy to check inflation.[C] They want to rebuild industry.[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.3.What is the editor’s attitude?[A] support.distaste.[C] Disapproval.[D] Compromise.4.The danger to the plan lies in[A] the two parties’ objection.different idea of the two parties about the plan.[C] its passage.[D] distortion.5.The passage is[A] a review.a preface.[C] a advertisement.[D] an editorial.Vocabulary1.reverse 逆转2.slide 滑坡3.plague 瘟疫；折磨，困扰4.tariff 关税5.decry 谴责，诋毁6.lever 杠杆；用杠杆撬动7.crux 症结8.ideologue 空想家，思想家9.intact 原封不动的，完整无损的10.investment credit 投资信贷11.research grant 研究基金难句译注1.This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.xHAQX74J0X【参考译文】这对扭转经济滑坡；滑到失业高，增长少和已经困扰经济达6年之久贸易赤字来说是必要的。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（27）Passage Thirty-one (The Causes of European Separation in 16th Century)For a thousand years and more, the people of Europe had fought about many things, but they had been united in believing one thing: that there existed a single “Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church” of which the Bishop of Rome, under the title of the Pope, was the visible and recognizable head in succession to St. Peter. But in 1517 a German monk, Martin Luther, challenged certain Catholic teachings and renounced his obedience to the papacy. Others had followed him, including Henry VIII.Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbor‟s attempts to convert them. For this there was no simple, friendly solution to be reached on the principle of live-and-let-live. Each party believed that it had hold of the truth, the only truth that mattered, the one that led to eternal salvation, and its adversaries clung to falsehood which must necessarily head to eternal damnation: not only for themselves but for all who should permit them to survive and infect others with their errors. Toleration, even reasonable discussion, was impossible. God and the devil could not mix. Just as Elizabeth was to ardent Catholics that Jezebel, so to earnest Protestants the Pope was “that wolfish bloodsuc ker,” and their Catholic fellow-creatures mad dogs, toads and other such vermin to be cleansed off the face of the earth.These feelings, dangerous enough in themselves, were made more so by questions of geography and money. The Catholic countries bordering on the Mediterranean were by far the richest. From the beginning of the Middle Ages the Republic of Venice had controlled the trade routes to the East, bringing the wares carried out of Persia, China and the Indies by camel to her depots in Syria and reloading them in her high, gorgeously painted vessels for transshipment to Italy and beyond. Since the end of the fifteen century, first Portugal by sailing round Africa to India, then Spain by the discovery of America, had likewise been in a position to bring for sale to Europe all the rareand wonderful things for which Europe longed—silks and precious woods, sugar and spices, gold and silver, works of exquisite art and strange animals from peacock to tigers. In 1494, two years after Columbus‟s first voyage to America, Pope Alexander VI had divided the unexplored world beyond the seas between Spain and Portugal as reward for their enterprise and to keep them from fighting. The other countries had respected this division so long as they remained Catholic.1. The best title for this passage is[A]. The History of Europe in 16th Century.. The Religious History of Europe in 16th Century.[C]. The Causes of European Separation in 16th Century.2. What does we learn from the passage?[A]. The Pope had the supreme power in religion before reform.. The Pope had the greatest power in every thing outside religion.[C]. The Pope was the real king in Europe then.[D]. The Pope was the real ruler in Europe then.3. What did the sentence “The other countri es had respected this division so long as they remained Catholic” imply?[A]. It implied this division could not be respected long.. It implied this division would not face a challenge.[C]. It implied this division would be respected forever.[D]. It implied the power of the Pope would never decline.4. Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause to deepen the dangerous feelings?[A]. Money. . Geology. [C]. Religion. [D]. Geography.V ocabulary1. Apostolic 罗马教皇的，使徒的2. in succession to 继承，接班3. Martin Luther 马丁•路德1483——1546德国宗教改革家4. teachings 教义5. renounce 抛弃，摈弃，否认6. papacy 罗马教皇职位/制度，这里指罗马教皇7. cling to 坚持8. damnation 诅咒，永远的处罚9. bloodsucker 吸血鬼10. depot 仓库，补给站11. gorgeous 华丽的，灿烂的，辉煌的12. spice 香料13. enterprise 事业，业绩，功勋难句译注1. Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbor‟s attempts to convert them. [结构简析] every which way. 四面八方，散乱。

2018（江苏）高考英语一轮复习教案： 4.1（b）经典句型江苏高考英语一轮复习教案： 4.1（b）经典句型●模块四 Unit 1一、高考能力提升练习【一】阅读理解I was working as a consultant in a beer company，helping the president and senior vice-presidents formand carry out their new planning projects.It was really a great challenge.At the same time，my mother was in the final stages of cancer.I worked during the day and drove 40 miles home to be with her every night.It was tiring and stressful，but it was what I wanted to do.My commitment was to continue to do excellent consulting during theday，even though my evenings were very hard.I didn’t want to bother the president with my situation，yet I felt someone at the company needed to know what was going on.So I told the vice-president ofHuman Resources，asking him not to share the information with anyone.A few days later，the president called me into his office.I thought he wanted to talk to me about one of the many issues we were working on.When I entered，heasked me to sit down.He faced me from across his large desk，looked at me in the eye and said，“I hearyour mother is very ill.”I was totally caught by surprise and burst into tears.He just looked at me，let my crying subside (平息)，and then gently said a sentence I will never forget：Whatever you need.That was it.His understanding and his willingness both to let me be in my pain and to offer meeverything were qualities of sympathy that I carry with me to this day.1．When the author was working in a beer company，his mother________.ttentionA．was concerned about him B．drew the president’s aC．was seriously ill D．was proud of her son解析：由文章第二段可知，作者母亲的病已经到了癌症的晚期，可见病得很严重。

课时规范练18(必修4Unit3)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·河北邢台期中考试)Children’s handwriting has deteriorated(退化) to such an extent in recent years that pupils are being subjected to online abuse,a leading expert has warned.It has also been claimed that a large number of children as old as 12 are unable to write their own names,such is the extent of the handwriting crisis(危机).Some teachers say that the rise of digital technology with children using keyboards and smart phones is having a major impact on their handwriting skills and that poor teaching of handwriting is impacting on inspection results in some schools.Melanie Harwood,who provides writing coaching in schools,said during a roundtable discussion that children were taking pictures of their peers’ coursework and then reproducing it on social sites like Twitter or Facebook.Other classmates would then laugh at those with poor writing on social media platforms,the TimesEducationalSupplement reported.Ms Harwood said,“Some children are being bullied(欺负) because of their handwriting.Their friends are taking pictures of their writing tweeting it and making comments on the writing:‘They’re not very bright,because their handwriting isn’t very good.Good God.It’s terrible.You can’t have that.’”Still,some people took to defending bad handwriting on Twitter.A user wrote,“Bad handwriting?Keep this in mind:more intelligent people tend to think faster,and as a result their handwriting is more sloppy.”But Ms Harwood said handwriting was not seen as a priority in the curriculum.She explained,“I’m seeing children as old as 12,who can’t write their own names,pass the system.” She was speaking at a roundtable discussion in London over whether handwriting lessons are a thing of the past in the digital age.However,teachers have said poor teaching of handwriting is having a negative effect on Ofsted inspections following the education watchdog’s recent addition of handwriting as part of the aspects it assesses to determine a school’s rating.1.Which of the following probably causes children to have poor handwriting?A.The rise of social media.B.Improper curriculums at school.C.Poor writing coaching at school.D.The use of computers and phones.2.Why do children post their peers’ poor handwriting on social sites?A.To make fun of their peers.B.To show the problems with school teaching.C.To call people’s attention to kids’ handwriting.D.To ask their peers to improve their handwriting.3.Those who defend their bad handwriting believe .A.handwriting skills are out of dateB.poor handwriting indicates low intelligenceC.intelligent people tend to have poor handwritingD.handwriting has nothing to do with one’s intelligence4.We can conclude from the text that .A.teachers are unwilling to teach handwritingB.kids with poor handwriting usually fail examsC.handwriting is still not required at school nowadaysD.schools didn’t pay enough attention to kids’ handwriting〚导学号23280075〛B(2018·重庆一中期中考试)Sometimes in life we just have to take a chance.And no matter what happens,it has to somehow be better than doing nothing.Do you remember Eleanor Roosevelt’s famous words,“Do one thing every day that scares you”?Let’s do something that scares us a little bit.And while we’re out there doing this big thing,remember that while we are driving down our road to glory,it’s inevitable that we’re also going to run into a few roadblocks every once in a while.When we do hit these bumps in the road,please don’t be deterred(阻止) and understand that we are not built to already know the way before we have travelled the roads that we must travel.For example,we can’t see from here all the way to the other side of the country,especially at night.However,I guarantee you that if we would just get in that vehicle of ours,start it up,and turn on our headlights then we’ll find that our night vision can see our way through the next two hundred feet,even in the darkest nights.And once we move forward and get to that two-hundred-foot marker,then all of a sudden the way through the next two hundred feet will be illuminated(照亮)and expose itself to us.Like that scenario(情况) above,we aren’t built to be able to have all the answers in dealing with our next challenge before we actually go down the road that we must travel.However,if we would just get in that vehicle of change and start up our minds,then we can turn on our problem-solving vision.And once we move our lives forward through the next problem with our self-produced solutions,then all of a sudden we’ll be able to make our way more easily through life’s detours(弯道).Now teens,go learn and lay the way to a better world for all of us.Remember that luck is on the side of those who just do it.Life favours the bold(勇敢的)!5.The underlined word “inevitable” in Para.1 probably means “”.A.unavoidableB.vitalC.unfairD.amazing6.By the second paragraph,the author intends to tell readers.A.it’s dangerous to drive at nightB.we should bear a clear goal in mindC.headlights are useful for driving at nightD.we never know our way unless we go ahead7.In the text,the author mainly encourages readers to.A.be a determined personB.find self-produced solutionsC.be brave enough to take a chanceD.overcome the difficulties on the way8.Who do you think the text is intended for?A.Young people.B.Travellers.C.Adults.D.Drivers.〚导学号23280076〛Ⅱ.七选五阅读(2018·山东莱芜期中考试)HowcanIgetself-motivation?When you are feeling less than motivated,it can be easy to fall behind on your work,personal life and aspirations.When this mood strikes,it is important to dig deep down and find a way to pull yourself through it to become the self-motivated person that you long to be.1 For example,if your final goal is to do a 5k run,make running a half mile without stopping your first level of achievements.It doesn’t have to be achieved all at once,but little by little.When you feel that you have fully reached your first level,move on to the next.Having a final goal,and setting steps to get there,can help you have mini achievements.2When you want to reach a certain goal,it often helps to imagine already achieving it.You may be able to be more self-motivated if you keep track of your progress.3 Put one picture on the top of each page,and underneath,write what you did to reach that goal.If there are too few words on the page,it may be time to step up your efforts.Special quotations can be a good way to inspire self-motivation.Find a quote that moves you and inspires you in a way that no other set of words has before.4 Look at it on a daily basis,and use it as a way to inspire you to be more self-motivated.5 Even on days when your motivation is lacking,there are ways that you can do what you need to do.If you want to be more self-motivated,it takes a lot of sweat and drive,but it can eventually produce the results that you are longing for.A.This practice can increase your drive to keep on going.B.It is you that have to motivate yourself to achieve your goal.C.Consider setting different levels of achievements for yourself.D.If possible,turn those words into an art print and hang it in your home.E.Consider creating a journal with pictures of what you want to accomplish.F.An important way to be self-motivated is to push forward to get what you want.G.Being self-motivated can be difficult at times,but the effort usually reaps the rewards.〚导学号23280077〛Ⅲ.短文改错(2018·辽宁沈阳九中期中考试)Yesterday Mr Smith,from Canada,gave us a lecture about his country.As a second largest country in the world,Canada covers with about a quarter of the world’s land area.But it’s population is very small,about 32 million.People in Canada mainly say French and English.The weather in Canada is quite differently from area to area.There are many lakes in Canada,which supply it with one three of the world’s fresh waters.Canada also has a lot forests,which makes it the biggest producer of paper in the world.Beside,Canada also has much beautiful scenery.〚导学号23280078〛答案：Ⅰ.【解题导语】本文为说明文,题材为社会文化类。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练教案（23）部门： xxx时间： xxx制作人：xxx整理范文，仅供参考，勿作商业用途2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<23）( A competitor sabotages>New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…b5E2RGbCA PTheft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.p1EanqFDPwA competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operati onal ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors toacquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.DXDiTa9E3dPolitically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.RTCrpUDGiTComputer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups.Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassin ating political leaders…. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.5PCzVD7HxAThe computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.jLBHrnAILg1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?xHAQX74J0X[A]. 7. . 8. [C]. 9.[D]. 10LDAYtRyKfE2. What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotagea company’s computer?Zzz6ZB2Ltk[A]. His purpose is to destroy or weaken t he firm’s operational ability.dvzfvkwMI1. His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.rqyn14ZNXI[C]. His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.EmxvxOtOco[D]. His purpose is to steal important data.3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?SixE2yXPq5[A]. Sabotage of a university computer.. Sabotage of a hospital computer.[C]. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.6ewMyirQFL[D]. Sabotage of a factory computer.4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?kavU42VRUs[A]. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.y6v3ALoS89. Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.M2ub6vSTnP[C]. The computer can replace any weapons.[D]. The function of a computer is just like a gun.0YujCfmUCwVocabulary1. bizarre 奇怪的2. vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为3. cripple 使瘫痪，削弱4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处5. neutralize 使成为无效6. affluent 富裕的7. recordkeeping 记录存贮8. havoc 浩劫，大破坏9. resort to 求助于，借助于10. motivate 作为……的动机，激发11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子12. sprout 萌发迅速发展13. awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱15. devastation 劫持，破坏16. hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统17. hit man 职业凶手<杀手）18. pool 集中<资金）合办，入股19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学难句译注1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…eUts8ZQVRd[结构简析] 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练教案（8）部门： xxx时间： xxx制作人：xxx整理范文，仅供参考，勿作商业用途2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<8）Passage Twenty (The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under Control>The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised>; and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week: “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”b5E2RGbCAPEver since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.p1EanqFDPwThe effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.DXDiTa9E3dThe real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.RTCrpUDGiT1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to5PCzVD7HxA[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.slow down the rate of its development.[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.[D] develop more quickly than at present.2.The Norwegian Government has tried to[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.jLBHrnAILgprevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.xHAQX74J0X[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.LDAYtRyKfE[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.Zzz6ZB2Ltk3.According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway todvzfvkwMI1[A] the development of industry.a growth in population.[C] the failure of the development programme.[D] the development of new towns.4.In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might berqyn14ZNXI[A] a large reduction on unemployment.a growth in the tourist industry.[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.EmxvxOtOco[D] the development of a number of service industries.SixE2yXPq55.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because6ewMyirQFL[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.kavU42VRUstheir lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.y6v3ALoS89[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.M2ub6vSTnP[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.0YujCfmUCwVocabulary1.Norwegian 挪威的；挪威人2.coastline 海岸线3.recognition 承认；认识；赞赏4.countryside 乡下；乡民难句译注1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised>; and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.eUts8ZQVRd【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（21）Passage Twenty-one (The Result of the Falling US Dollar)Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved.Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall.Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness.Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul V olcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. TreasuryBonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S.Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.”1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A]. The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.. The result of the U.S. falling dollar.[C]. The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.[D]. Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.2. What does the word “rally” mean.[A]. prosperity. . decline. [C]. richness. [D]. import.3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar?[A]. Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries.. Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.[C]. Because it may do damage to their trade.[D]. Because it may make Japanese company less competitive.4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?[A]. The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.. The U.S. economy might face serious problems.[C]. Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.[D].Inflation could flare up.V ocabulary1. ticking 滴答作响的2. grab 抓住3. abate 减弱4. snap up 争购，抢购5. heavy buying 大量买进6. export-oriented 以出口为方向的7. in anticipation of 期待，预期8. faddish 一时流行的9. spree 无节制的疯狂行为10. buying spree 狂购乱买11. plummet 垂直落下，骤然跌落，暴跌12. stall 停滞13. verge 处于……边缘14. verging on recession 正处于衰退的边缘15. boost 振兴，吹捧16. bond market 债券市场17. flare up 突然闪耀，发火，爆发18. hike 提高，增加19. follow suit 照着做，跟出同花色的牌20. profit margin 利润幅度21. step in 介入22. rally 繁荣23. equilibrium 平衡，均势24. defect 逃跑，开小差25. break or panic 崩溃或大恐慌难句译注1. cries for trade protection 贸易保护的呼声2. the global free-trade system 全球自由贸易体系3. that is a rather faddish notion right now 只是一时流行的概念4. get out of hand 失控5. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. 什么是平衡水平？可能是接近现在水平或者稍低一些。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<12）Passage Eleven (The Affect of Electricity on Cancer> Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia. b5E2RGbCAPNow the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence“suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”p1EanqFDPwThe report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.DXDiTa9E3dAt the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminalmeasures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.RTCrpUDGiTHow could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing”radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.5PCzVD7HxABut epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.jLBHrnAILgThe Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document”toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields> present in the environment induce or promote cancer,”the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.”Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.xHAQX74J0X1.The main idea of this passage is[A]. studies on the cause of cancer. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer[C]. the relationship between electricity and cancer.LDAYtRyKfE[D]. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.Zzz6ZB2Ltk2.The view-point of the EPA is[A]. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.dvzfvkwMI1. electricity really affects cancer.[C]. controversial.[D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancerrqyn14ZNXI3.Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? BecauseEmxvxOtOco[A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.SixE2yXPq5. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.6ewMyirQFL[C]. the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.[D]. they had different arguments.4.It can be inferred from physical phenomenon[A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.kavU42VRUs. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.y6v3ALoS89[C]. electromagnetic field may affect health.[D]. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.M2ub6vSTnP5.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?0YujCfmUCw[A].They are indifferent. . They are worried very much.eUts8ZQVRd[C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance. [C]. They are shocked.sQsAEJkW5TVocabulary1. preposterous 反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的2. leukemia 白血病3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤4. legitimate 合法的，合理的5. paranoia 偏执狂，妄想狂。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练教案（1）部门： xxx时间： xxx制作人：xxx整理范文，仅供参考，勿作商业用途2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<1）Passage one<The only way to travel is on foot）The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ’b5E2RGbCAPThe future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way.Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world – or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there’ –meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’p1EanqFDPwWhen you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to bea reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers. DXDiTa9E3d1、Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’ becauseRTCrpUDGiTA people forget how to use his legs.B people prefer cars, buses and trains.C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.5PCzVD7HxAD there are a lot of transportation devices.2、Travelling at high speed meansA people’s focus on the future.B a pleasure.C satisfying dri vers’ great thrill.D a necessity of life.3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’ ?jLBHrnAILgA People won’t use their eyes.B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.xHAQX74J0XC People can’t see anything on his way of travel.LDAYtRyKfED People want to sleep during travelling.4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?Zzz6ZB2LtkA Legs become weaker.B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.dvzfvkwMI1C There is no need to use eyes.D The best way to travel is on foot.5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view’ mean?A See view with bird’s eyes.B A bird looks at a beautiful view.C It is a general view from a high position looking down.rqyn14ZNXID A scenic place.VOCABULARYPalaeolithic 旧石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的escalator 自动电梯，自动扶梯ski-lift 载送滑雪者上坡的装置mar 损坏，毁坏blur 模糊不清，朦胧smear 涂，弄脏，弄模糊<尤指画面、轮廓等）evocative 引起回忆的，唤起感情的El Dorado (由当时西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲>黄金国，宝山，富庶之乡Kabul 喀布尔<阿富汗首都）Irkutsk 伊尔库茨克<原苏联亚洲城市）难句译注与答案详解The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路难句译注Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world –or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.EmxvxOtOco【参考译文】飞机旅行，你只可俯视世界――如果机翼碰巧挡住了你的视线，就看得更少了。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（13）Passage Twelve (Religion and Rationality)Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate.Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginaryremedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death—the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come. The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom—I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.1. As used in th e passage, the author would define “wisdom” as[A]. the pursuit of rationality through imagination.. an unemotional search for the truth.[C]. a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is best.[D]. a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A]. Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.. Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems.[C]. Science seeks a piece meal solution to man’s questions.[D]. The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.3. According to the author, science differs from religion in that[A]. it is unaware of ultimate goals. . it is unimaginative.[C]. its findings are exact and final. [D]. it resembles society and art.4. The author states that religion differs from rationality in that[A]. it relies on intuition rather than reasoning .. it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims.[C]. it has disappointed mankind.[D]. it has inspired mankind.5. According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be[A]. imaginative. . a provider of hope for the future. [C]. a highly intellectual activity [D]. ineffectual.V ocabulary1. grace 恩赐，仁慈，感化，感思祷告2. chide 责备3. sentiment 情感4. inviolate 不受侵犯的，纯洁的5. intent 意义，含义6. piecemeal 一件件，逐渐的，零碎的7. bubble up 起泡，沸腾，兴奋8. veer 改变方向，转向9. abortive 夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。

Unit 12 Education for allTargets of this lesson:1)Know about the present situation of Chinese education.2)Know some organization of education.3)Learn the problems and achievement ofeducation worldwide now.4) Practise student’s ability of detailed reading.5)Realize the relationship between education and economy.Pre-readingLook around your school and list all the equipment, people and plans that are needed to run a school.In order to run a school, we needA. buildings as classrooms and officesB. a playground for the studentsC. desks and chairsD. TV sets ,computers and any other equipmentE. teachers and other workersF. a lot of other thingsHave you ever seen this picture before?This is a picture in a public advertisement to encourage people to help poor childrenSkimmingChoose the best heading for each paragraph1. Education for all children worldwide will be difficult to achieve2. Solving the problem of teaching quality in remote areas3. Compulsory education for all Chinese children4. Problems of number and location5. Encouraging people in rural areas to accept education6. Meeting the cost7. Education for All --- an international target1-G 2-F 3-A 4-D 5-C 6-E 7-BCareful ReadingChoose the best answer细枝末节:1.______ prevents some people attaching importance to education.A. The importance of agricultureB. Heavy work on the farmC. Traditional ideasD. All the above2. What kind of classes can often be seen in western provinces in China?A. Mixed grade classesB. Classes of large sizesC. Classes of small sizesD. Classes by two-way radio and mail3.What measures do many developing countries take to provide schools with necessary equipment?A. They call on their citizens to donate itB. They depend on aid from other countries and international organizations or programsC. They depend on the local governments .D. Developed provinces provide aid for less developed provinces4. According to Paragraph F , which of the following is one of the education problems existing in America ?A. The quality of teaching is not good nationwideB. There are too many families now below poverty lineC. One third of the students live in the countrysideD. Violent crimes take place in schoolyards推理判断:5. which of the following is not true according to the text ?A. It is important to create a positive attitude in agriculture areas, because it is not easy to change traditional ideas there.B. How people are distributed can affect the education system.C. In the least developed nations of Africa, “ Education for All ” will be a huge task.D. Class sizes are bigger in city schools than in rural ones6.What suggests that many countries realize the importance of education ?A. They realize that the future welfare of their citizens is closely linked to educationB. They attended the World Education Forum in 2000C. At the World Education Forum in 2000, they made a commitment called “Education for all”D. They are trying to get every child into school主旨大意:7. The text is mainly about _________________.A. the education development in primary schools in China.B. the education development in the world.C. the development in education popularization (普及) in China.D. the development in education popularization in the world.词义推断:8.The members countries made a commitment to provide “ complete , free and compulsory primary education of good quality for all children by 2018.The meaning of the word “commitment” is similar toA. agreementB. decisionC. PromiseD. introductionDABC DCACListeningListen to the passage . Pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation. At the same time ,underline the phrases in the text .1. reach the target2. play an important role3. be closely linked to…4. to begin with5. attach importance to6. be sceptical of7. change traditional ideas8. have a tendency to9. less developed areas10. take sb. away from1. reach the target 达到目标2. play an important role 发挥重要作用3. be closely linked to… 与密切联系4. to begin with 首先5. attach importance to 重视6. be sceptical of 怀疑7. change traditional ideas 改变传统观念8. have a tendency to 有…倾向9. less developed areas 欠发达地区10. take sb. away from 使…脱离Consolidation :Fill in the following blanks according to the text.In 1986, the Chinese government the law of “nine years of compulsory education”for every Chinese child by the year 2000. The turns out highly successful. Besides China, all the governments in the world realize that the future welfare of the citizens education. For the calculated 113 million children not being in school from the World Education Forum, the UNESCO to provide “education for all”by 2018, which has similar difficulties in different countries.To create is important in carrying out the goal, especially in areas where agriculture and children to be absent and often drop out to help work in the fields.China’s large population and big land produce large class sizes and mixed-grade classes. And in Australia where the population is scattered widely the “” methods with the help of two-way radio and mail is very useful.Because the success in depends on economy. some poor countries have to aid from other countries and international organizations . In fact , every country faces problems in education, which makes the governments look for ways to solve them. The Chinese government has to accomplish the “nine years of ” goal. Butthings are different in the least developed countries . So the goal “Education for all” will be a huge task for the world.In 1986, the Chinese government introduced the law of “nine years of compulsory education”for every Chinese child by the year 2000. The outcome turns out highly successful. Besides China, all the governments in the world realize that the future welfare of the citizens is closely linked to education. For the calculated 113 million children not being in school from the World Education Forum, the UNESCO made a commitment to provide “education for all”by 2018, which has similar difficulties in different countries.To create a positive attitude is important in carrying out the goal, especially in areas where agriculture plays an important role and children have a tendency to be absent and often drop out to help work in the fields.China’s large population and big land produce large class sizes and mixed-grade classes. And in Australia where the population is scattered widely the “distance learning”methods with the help of two-way radio and mail is very useful.Because the success in bringing education to all depends on economy. some poor countries have to rely on aid from other countries and international organizations. In fact, every country faces problems in education, which makes the governments look for ways to solve them. The Chinese government has overcome problems to accomplish the “nine years of compulsory education” goal. But things are different in the least developed countries .So the goal “Education for all” will be a huge task for the world.DiscussionWhat can we do to help the poor children in less-developed areas in China?Homework1．Read the text again and try to retell the text in your own words.2. Write a short passage:和其他国家一样, 中国政府正在尽其最大的努力给学龄儿童提供九年义务教育. 而且结果非常成功. 然而, 在农村地区，贫困地区，人口稀少地区仍然存在许多问题和困难. 远程教育和混合班很有帮助. 一些国际组织和地方组织都提供了一些钱来满足贫困地区的花费.尽管“全民教育”这个目标很难达到, 联合国教科文组织，每个政府以及一些当地组织正在努力.我们的路很漫长,但我们一定会成功!In China, as in other countries, the government has been doing its best to provide every school-age child nine years of compulsory education and the outcome is highly successful. Yet, problems and difficulties remain in the rural areas, some poor countries and less-populated areas. Distance learning and mixed-grade classes helped a lot. Besides, some international organizations and local organizations offered money to meet the cost in the poor areas. Though “Education for All” — the international target is hard to achieve, the UNESCO, every government and some local organizations are doing their bits. There is a long way to go, but we’re sure to succeed.。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（15）Passage Sixteen (Crime in Computer)New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups andforeign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders…. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?[A]. 7. . 8. [C]. 9. [D]. 102. What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer?[A]. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.. His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.[C]. His purpose is to buy the rival’s company a t a relatively low price.[D]. His purpose is to steal important data.3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?[A]. Sabotage of a university computer.. Sabotage of a hospital computer.[C]. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.[D]. Sabotage of a factory computer.4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?[A]. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.. Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.[C]. The computer can replace any weapons.[D]. The function of a computer is just like a gun.V ocabulary1. bizarre 奇怪的2. vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为3. cripple 使瘫痪，削弱4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处5. neutralize 使成为无效6. affluent 富裕的7. recordkeeping 记录存贮8. havoc 浩劫，大破坏9. resort to 求助于，借助于10. motivate 作为……的动机，激发11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子12. sprout 萌发迅速发展13. awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱15. devastation 劫持，破坏16. hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统17. hit man 职业凶手（杀手）18. pool 集中（资金）合办，入股19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学难句译注1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…[结构简析] 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。