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盛世清北考研英语阅读理解Part A第三节

盛世清北考研英语阅读理解Part A第三节
盛世清北考研英语阅读理解Part A第三节

盛世清北考研英语阅读理解Part A第三节第三节阅读技巧

1.概率原则

历届阅读理解真题选项个数分析

从以上表格可以看出,历年真题选项分布有以下特点:

(1)A、B、C、D的个数在4个到6个之间,5个最常见;

(2)没有连续3个答案都一样的情况,连续2个答案都一样的情况在0个到3个之间;彼此都不一样的情况在17个到20个之间。

综上所述,如果20个题目全部选一样的,可以得8?12分,经常可以获得10分。值得一提的是,全部选一样的是可以得分的。

2.题型分析

★(一) 细节题

1、题干上有五个W一个H提问,

2、题干中明确的会提到时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。

3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。

4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。

5、解题关键:返回原文,准确定位。

解题技巧:

做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身返回原文:

1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。

2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。

3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词,或同义词返回原文。

4、通过长难句返回原文。

(二) 推理题(细节题)

推理题常常考查考生④进行有关的判断、推理和引申⑦理解作者的意图、观点或态度等,逻辑词常用的有:“infer, imply, suggest, conclude,inform”等。

解题技巧

1.看是否通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通

过题干能不能定位,我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。

2.依据原文的意思进行:“三错一对”的判断。

3.注意推理时的“最近答案”原则:不推的要比推的好,推的近的要比推的远的好,直接推出的要比间接

推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)

注意:不要"想的太多,推得太远.”

★(三)例证题

例证题要求考生⑧区分论点和论据⑥理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系:主要是考察考生通过段落,句子来推测文章的主旨,支持的观点等.标记词有:“example, illustrate, case, exemplify, illustration”等。

解题技巧:

1.返回原文,找出该例证出现,即给该例证定位

2.搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出例证支持的观点.

3.找出该论点,并与四个选项进行比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的正确答案.

注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点,例子看不懂也没关系

4.错误选项特征就是就事论事!

5.常识判断

如果一个选项仅仅符合常识,不一定是answer

如果不符合常识,一定不是answer

★(四) 词汇题(注意指代题)

词汇题主要测试考生⑤根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。标志是

The word “…”inline …refers to …

解题技巧:

1.返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方

2.注意结合上下文,理解该词的意思。从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找),代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适。

3.找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选项,即答案。

4.可判断该词汇是否超纲,如果是纲内词汇,则字面意思,必然不是正确答案

(五) 句子理解题

句子理解题要求考生②理解文中的具体信息;③理解文中的概念性含义

解题技巧:

1.返回原文,找到该句子。

2.对原句进行语法和词义上的精确剖析(找主干),应该重点抓原句的字面含义,不要进行归纳,演绎,推理.若该句的字面含义不能确定,则依据上下文进行判断。注意:局部含义是由整体决定的。

3.一般说来,选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同,只不过是用其他英语词汇表达而已.正确选项与原句

之间没有任何推理关系。

4.句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征:推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。

5.正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。

(六) 指代题

指代题主要考察考生整体理解文章的能力,并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。

解题技巧:

1. 返回原文,找出题的指代词.

2. 向上搜索, 找最近的名词,名词性词组或句子(先从最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会

离得太远).

3. 将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词,看其意思是否通顺.

4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较,找出最佳答案.

★(七)主旨题

主旨题①理解主旨要义,主要测试考生对短文整体理解概括的能力。一般是第一或最后一个题。标志词有:“mainly about; mainly discuss; best title; digest”等。

解题技巧:

1.串线法:注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词,特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章,主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)

2.着重观察二三段,文章主旨。

3 主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:局部信息,即选项的内容小于文章的内容;范围过宽

★(八) 态度题(细节题、主旨题)

态度观点题主要考察考生⑦理解作者的意图,观点或态度的能力.标志词: attitude , purpose等.

解题技巧:

1.精确理解四个选项词语的含义

Opposition反对suspicion怀疑的Approval支持indifference冷漠(一般不选) Optimistic乐观的subjective主观的objective客观的pessimistic悲观的biased有偏见的impartial偏心的sensitive 敏感的puzzled(迷惑不解的)

2.不要搀杂自己的观点.

3.可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如:fortunately,excessively,too many.

4.抓论述的主线。把第一段读透,把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来,看整个文章的谋篇结构。

5.做作者态度题时特别注意:首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。

作业:要求做好表格

3.阅读中的注意事项

(一)虚拟语气

1、作者写作时采用虚拟语气,一般表示建议、态度、和观点,用来表达一种反事实的假设。

2、阅读时,重点要体会作者利用反话正说,正话反说所传递的言外之意。

(二)长难句

1、主句,从句多又长,一个主句带多个从句,从句又含从句

2、方法:(1)先抓整句话的主干,从前向后读句子,找出独立的谓语部分,把握复杂句中,最核心的主谓宾语,再根据从句的连接词,区分主从句,层层扩展进行理解。

3、分词短语、to do结构,独立主格的干扰

注意理解主句最完整的特征就是有完整的主谓结构,尤其是独立的主谓语部分,一个看似句子的结构,如果没有独立的诸位部分,它不是句子,而是分词短语、to do结构,独立主格。

(三)长难句基本语法结构

1、形式主语或宾语

2、强调句结构

3、非限制性定语从句

4、同位语从句

5、倒装结构

6、省略句

(四)标点符号的作用

1、句号:用来分割句子,以句子为单位把一个长的段落切分成为不同的句型。

2、逗号:两个逗号之间,或者一个逗号之后是用是一个补充说明成分,可以先不看。

3、冒号:冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程,后面进一步是具体补充说明前面的内容。

4、分号前后是并列关系,包括结构上并列和语义上的并列。

5、破折号:两个破折号之间或者一个破折号之后是补充说明成分,可以先不看。

6、引号:一种作用是用来引用别人的观点,用来支持作者观点,或者是作为批判的对象。

一种是说反话,表示反语。

7、括号:补充说明的作用。

(五)类比关系

1、类比,引用,举例都是为了要说明观点,阅读时可以把类比看做特殊的例证,重点是要找出作者所支持的观点。

2、阅读的时候注意识别一下类比的核心概念,作者把什么比喻成了什么,也就是类比或者比喻的对象。

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