成本会计专业题英文版

1.Pet Products Company uses an automated process to manufactureits pet replica products. For June, the company had the followingactivities:Direct materials are placed into production at the beginning of theprocess and conversion costs are incurred evenly throughout theprocess.Required:Prepare a production cost worksheet using the FIFO method.2.The Sunshine Oil Company buys crude vegetable oil. Refining this oilresults in four products at the splitoff point: A, B, C,and D. Product C isfully processed by the splitoff point. Products A, B, and D can individuallybe further refined into Super A, Super B, and Super D. In the mostrecent month (December), the output at the splitoff point was:Computation of gross-margin percentages:3.The Carvelli Company is a manufacturer of housewares anduses standard costing. Manufacturing overhead (both variableand fixed) is allocated to products on the basis of budgetedmachine-hours. The budget for 2007 included:Variable manufacturing overhead $9 per machine-hourFixed manufacturing overhead $72,000,000Denominator level 4,000,000 machine-hoursSuppose that 3,500,000 machine-hours were allowed foractual output produced in 2007, but 3,800,000 actualmachine-hours were used. Actual manufacturing overheadwas $36,100,000, variable, and $72,200,000, fixed.Compute (a) the variable manufacturing overhead spendingand efficiency variances and (b) the fixed manufacturingoverhead spending and production-volume variances45.Madzinga’s Draperies manufactures curtains. A certain window requires the following:Direct materials standard10 square yards at $5 per yard Direct manufacturing labor standard 5 hours at $10 During the second quarter, the company made 1,500 curtains and used 14,000 square yards of fabric costing $68,600. Direct labor totaled 7,600 hours for $79,800. Required:a. Compute the direct materials price and efficiency variances for the quarter.b. Compute the direct manufacturing labor price and efficiency variances for the quarter.。

Cost Accounting, 13e (Horngren et al.)Chapter 6 Master Budget and Responsibility Accounting1) Few businesses plan to fail, but many of those that don't succeed have failed to plan.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills2) The master budget reflects the impact of operating decisions, but not financing decisions.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The master budget reflects the impact of operating decisions and financing decisions.Diff: 1Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Communication3) Budgeted financial statements are also referred to as pro forma statements.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: financial budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking4) Budgeting includes only the financial aspects of the plan and not any nonfinancial aspects such as thenumber of physical units manufactured.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Budgeting includes both financial and nonfinancial aspects of the plan.Diff: 2Terms: financial budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking5) Budgeting helps management anticipate and adjust for trouble spots in advance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking6) Budgets can play both planning and control roles for management.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking7) Long-run planning and short-run planning are best performed independently of each other.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Long-run planning and short-run planning are best performed as a part of an overall strategic planning process since they influence each other.Diff: 2Terms: planningObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking8) Operating decisions deal with how to best use the limited resources of an organization.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Ethical reasoning9) Investing decisions deal with how to obtain the funds to acquire resources.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Financing decisions deal with obtaining funds.Diff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Ethical reasoning10) Budgeted financial statements are called pro forma statements.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: pro forma statementsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking11) After a budget is agreed upon and finalized by the management team, the amounts should not be changedfor any reason.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Budgets should not be administered rigidly, but rather should be adjusted for changing conditions.Diff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Ethical reasoning12) Even in the face of changing conditions, attaining the original budget is critical.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Changing conditions usually call for a change in plans. Attaining the budget should not be an end in itself.Diff: 3Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking13) Lower-level managers will not actively participate in the budget process if they perceive upper managementdoes not believe in the process.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Communication14) A four-quarter rolling budget encourages management to be thinking about the next 12 months.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: rolling budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking15) A rolling budget is the same as a continuous budget.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: rolling budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking16) Research has shown that challenging budgets (rather than budgets that can be easily attained) are energizingand improve performance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking17) The revenue budget and the budgeted income statement are used to prepare the budgeted balance sheet andthe budgeted statement of cash flows.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The cash budget and the budgeted income statement are necessary to prepare the budgeted balance sheet and budgeted statement of cash flows.Diff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking18) It is best to compare this year's performance with last year's actual performance rather than this year'sbudget.Answer: FALSEExplanation: It is best to compare this year's performance with this year's budget because inefficiencies and different conditions may be reflected in last year's actual performance amounts.Diff: 3Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking19) When administered wisely, budgets promote communication and coordination among the various subunitsof the organization.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Communication20) Preparation of the budgeted income statement is the final step in preparing the operating budget.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking21) The sales forecast should primarily be based on statistical analysis with secondary input from sales managersand sales representatives.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The sales forecast should be primarily based on input from sales managers and salesrepresentatives with secondary input from statistical analysis.Diff: 3Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking22) The usual starting point in budgeting is to forecast net income.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The usual starting point in budgeting is to forecast sales demand and revenues.Diff: 2Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking23) The revenues budget should be based on the production budget.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The production budget should be based on the revenues budget.Diff: 1Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking24) The operating budget is that part of the master budget that includes the capital expenditures budget, cashbudget, budgeted balance sheet, and the budgeted statement of cash flows.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Described is the financial budget part of the master budget, not the operating budget.Diff: 1Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking25) Since fixed manufacturing overhead is fixed, it is not normally included in the operating budget.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Fixed manufacturing is normally included in the operating budget.Diff: 2Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking26) The manufacturing labor budget depends on wage rates, production methods, and hiring plans.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking27) The manufacturing labor budget depends on wage rates, production methods, and hiring plans.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking28) If inventoriable costs in the operating budget are going to be in accordance with Generally AcceptedAccounting Principles (GAAP), they include only variable manufacturing costs.Answer: FALSEExplanation: If inventoriable costs in the operating budget are going to be in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), they include variable and fixed manufacturing costs.Diff: 3Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking29) Activity-based budgeting provides better decision-making information than budgeting based solely onoutput-based cost drivers (units produced, units sold, or revenues).Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: activity-based budgetingObjective: 3AACSB: Communication30) Activity-based costing analysis takes a long-run perspective and treats all activity costs as variable costs.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3Terms: activity-based budgetingObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking31) Activity-based budgeting (ABB) focuses on the budgeting cost of activities necessary to produce and sellproducts and services.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: activity-based budgetingObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking32) Activity-based budgeting would permit the use of multiple drivers and multiple cost pools in the budgetingprocess.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: activity-based budgetingObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking33) Activity-based budgeting and kaizen budgeting are really equivalent in meaning.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Activity-based budgeting and kaizen budgeting are not equivalent in meaning.Diff: 2Terms: activity-based budgeting, kaizen budgetingObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking34) If budgeted amounts change, the kaizen approach can be used to examine changes in the budgeted results.Answer: FALSEExplanation: If budgeted amounts change, sensitivity analysis can be used to examine changes in the budgeted results.Diff: 2Terms: kaizen budgeting, sensitivity analysisObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking35) Computer-based financial planning models are mathematical statements of the interrelationships amongoperating activities, financial activities, and other factors that affect the budget.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: financial planning modelsObjective: 4AACSB: Use of Information Technology36) Most computer-based financial planning models have difficulty incorporating sensitivity (what-if) analysis.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Computer-based financial planning models easily assist management with sensitivity (what-if) analysis.Diff: 2Terms: financial planning models, sensitivity analysisObjective: 4AACSB: Use of Information Technology37) Sensitivity analysis is a "what-if" technique that examines how a result will change if the original predictionor assumptions change.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: sensitivity analysisObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking38) If we increase the selling price of our product, we should probably expect a decline in the number of theseproducts sold.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: sensitivity analysisObjective: 4AACSB: Analytical skills39) If we increase the selling price of our product, we can always expect an increase in total revenue.Answer: FALSEExplanation: If we increase the selling price of our product, we may experience either an increase in total revenue or a decrease in total revenue due to the uncertain effect of the price increase on thequantity demanded.Diff: 2Terms: sensitivity analysisObjective: 4AACSB: Analytical skills40) Sensitivity analysis incorporates continuous improvement into budgeted amounts.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Kaizen budgeting incorporates continuous improvement into budgeted amounts.Diff: 1Terms: sensitivity analysis, kaizen budgetingObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking41) Companies implementing kaizen budgeting believe that employees who actually do the job have the bestknowledge of how the job can be done better.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: kaizen budgetingObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking42) The Japanese use kaizen to mean financing alternatives.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The Japanese use kaizen to mean continuous improvement.Diff: 1Terms: kaizen budgetingObjective: 5AACSB: Multiculturalism and diversity43) Kaizen budgeting does not make sense for profit centers.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Kaizen budgeting can be used in any type of responsibility center.Diff: 2Terms: kaizen budgetingObjective: 5AACSB: Multiculturalism and diversity44) Kaizen budgeting encourages small incremental changes, rather than major improvements.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: kaizen budgetingObjective: 5AACSB: Multiculturalism and diversity45) Kaizen budgeting allows for budgeting of small incremental increases in costs each budgeting period toallow for the effects of normal inflation.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Kaizen budgeting allows for budgeting of small incremental decreases in costs each budgeting period.Diff: 2Terms: kaizen budgetingObjective: 5AACSB: Multiculturalism and diversity46) A responsibility center is a part, segment, or subunit of an organization, whose manager is accountable for aspecified set of activities.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: responsibility centerObjective: 6AACSB: Reflective thinking47) Each manager, regardless of level, is in charge of a responsibility center.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: responsibility centerObjective: 6AACSB: Reflective thinking48) In a profit center, a manager is responsible for investments, revenues, and costs.Answer: FALSEExplanation: In a profit center, a manager is responsible for revenues, and costs, but not investments.Diff: 1Terms: profit centerObjective: 6AACSB: Reflective thinking49) A packaging department is MOST likely a profit center.Answer: FALSEExplanation: A packaging department is most likely a cost center.Diff: 2Terms: profit centerObjective: 6AACSB: Analytical skills50) Variances between actual and budgeted amounts inform management about performance relative to thebudget.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 651) An organization structure is an arrangement of lines of responsibility within the entity.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: organization structureObjective: 6AACSB: Communication52) A responsibility center can be structured to promote better alignment of individual and company goals.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: responsibility centerObjective: 6AACSB: Communication53) Management will most likely behave the same way if a department is structured as a revenue center or if thesame department is structured as a profit center.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Management will most likely behave differently if a department is structured as a revenue center than if the same department is structured as a profit center due to the incentives to control costs aswell as revenues in a profit center.Diff: 2Terms: revenue center, profit centerObjective: 6AACSB: Reflective thinking54) Responsibility accounting focuses on control, not on information and knowledge.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Responsibility accounting focuses on information and knowledge, not on control.Diff: 2Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 7AACSB: Communication55) The fundamental purpose of responsibility accounting is to fix blame when budgets are not achieved.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The fundamental purpose of responsibility accounting is to gather information when budgets are not achieved.Diff: 2Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 7AACSB: Communication56) Human factors are crucial parts of budgeting.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 8AACSB: Reflective thinking57) Budgetary slack provides management with a hedge against unexpected adverse circumstances.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 858) Most costs can be easily controlled because they are under the sole influence of one manager.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Few costs are clearly under the sole influence of one manager.Diff: 3Terms: controllable costObjective: 8AACSB: Reflective thinking59) Performance reports of responsibility centers may include uncontrollable items to influence behavior that isin alignment with corporate strategy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: controllable costObjective: 8AACSB: Reflective thinking60) When the operating budget is used as a control device, managers are more likely to be motivated to budgethigher sales than actually anticipated.Answer: FALSEExplanation: When the operating budget is used as a control device, managers are less likely to be motivated to budget higher sales than actually anticipated.Diff: 3Terms: operating budget, budgetary slackObjective: 8AACSB: Ethical reasoning61) Budgeting slack is most likely to occur when a firm uses the budget only as a planning device and not forcontrol.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Budgeting slack is most likely to occur when a firm uses the budget for control.Diff: 3Terms: controllable cost, budgetary slackObjective: 8AACSB: Reflective thinking62) If a cost is considered controllable, it indicates that all aspects of the cost are under the control of the managerof the responsibility center to which that cost is assigned.Answer: FALSEExplanation: A controllable cost is any cost that is primarily subject to the influence of a given responsibility manager.Diff: 2Terms: controllable costObjective: 8AACSB: Reflective thinking63) To create greater commitment to the budget, top-management should create the budget and then share itwith lower-level managers.Answer: FALSEExplanation: To create greater commitment to the budget, lower-level managers should participate in creating the budget.Diff: 3Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 8fluctuations.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 8AACSB: Multiculturalism and diversity65) The possibility of exchange rate fluctuations does not influence the budgeting procedures in a multinationalcorporation.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The possibility of exchange rate fluctuations influences the budgeting procedures in a multinational corporation.Diff: 2Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 8AACSB: Multiculturalism and diversity66) Because of the possibility of exchange rate fluctuations, managers of multinational corporations shouldignore subjective factors in their performance evaluations.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The possibility of exchange rate fluctuations increases the importance of subjective factors in performance evaluations of multinational corporations.Diff: 2Terms: responsibility accountingObjective: 8AACSB: Multiculturalism and diversity67) A key use of sensitivity analysis is for cash-flow budgeting.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: sensitivity analysis, cash budgetObjective: AAACSB: Analytical skills68) The self-liquidating cycle is the movement from cash to inventories to receivables and back to cash.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: cash budgetObjective: AAACSB: Reflective thinking69) A budget:A) is the quantitative expression of a proposed plan of action by managementB) is an aid to coordinate what needs to be doneC) generally includes both financial and nonfinancial aspects of the planD) serves as a blueprint for the company to follow in an upcoming periodE) All of the above are correct.Answer: EDiff: 1Terms: budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinkingA) units manufacturedB) cash collections from customersC) units soldD) number of new products introducedAnswer: BDiff: 1Terms: budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking71) Budgeting is used to help companies:A) plan to better satisfy customersB) anticipate potential problemsC) focus on opportunitiesD) All of these answers are correct.Answer: DDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Communication72) A master budget:A) includes only financial aspects of a plan and excludes nonfinancial aspectsB) is an aid to coordinating what needs to be done to implement a planC) includes broad expectations and visionary resultsD) should not be altered after it has been agreed uponAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking73) Operating decisions PRIMARILY deal with:A) the use of scarce resourcesB) how to obtain funds to acquire resourcesC) acquiring equipment and buildingsD) satisfying stockholdersAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: operating budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking74) Financing decisions PRIMARILY deal with:A) the use of scarce resourcesB) how to obtain funds to acquire resourcesC) acquiring equipment and buildingsD) preparing financial statements for stockholdersAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: financial budgetObjective: 175) Budgeting provides all of the following EXCEPT:A) a means to communicate the organization's short-term goals to its membersB) support for the management functions of planning and coordinationC) a means to anticipate problemsD) an ethical framework for decision makingAnswer: DDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Communication76) If initial budgets prove unacceptable, planners achieve the MOST benefit from:A) planning again in light of feedback and current conditionsB) deciding not to budget this yearC) accepting an unbalanced budgetD) using last year's budgetAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Communication77) Operating budgets and financial budgets:A) combined form the master budgetB) are prepared before the master budgetC) are prepared after the master budgetD) have nothing to do with the master budgetAnswer: ADiff: 1Terms: operating budget, financial budget, master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking78) A good budgeting system forces managers to examine the business as they plan, so they can:A) detect inaccurate historical recordsB) set specific expectations against which actual results can be comparedC) complete the budgeting task on timeD) get promoted for doing a good jobAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Communication79) A budget can do all of the following EXCEPT:A) promote coordination among subunitsB) determine actual profitabilityC) motivate managersD) motivate employeesAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: budgetObjective: 280) A budget should/can do all of the following EXCEPT:A) be prepared by managers from different functional areas working independently of each otherB) be adjusted if new opportunities become available during the yearC) help management allocate limited resourcesD) become the performance standard against which firms can compare the actual resultsAnswer: ADiff: 3Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking81) A limitation of comparing a company's performance against actual results of last year is that:A) it includes adjustments for future conditionsB) feedback is no longer a possibilityC) past results can contain inefficiencies of the past yearD) the budgeting time period is set at one yearAnswer: CDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking82) Challenging budgets tend to:A) decrease line-management participation in attaining corporate goalsB) increase failureC) increase anxiety without motivationD) motivate improved performanceAnswer: DDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking83) Actual results should NOT be compared against past performance because:A) past results may contain mistakes and substandard performanceB) past results will never happen againC) past performance is an indicator of future performanceD) future conditions will be similar to past conditionsAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking84) A company's actual performance should be compared against budgeted amounts for the same accountingperiod so that:A) adjustments for future conditions can be includedB) no feedback is possibleC) inefficiencies of the past year can be includedD) a rolling budget can be implementedAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Ethical reasoning85) It is advantageous to coordinate budgets with:A) suppliersB) customersC) the marketing and production departmentsD) All of these answers are correct.Answer: DDiff: 3Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking86) A budget can help implement:A) strategic planningB) long-run planningC) short-run planningD) All of these answers are correct.Answer: DDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking87) To gain the benefits of budgeting ________ must understand and support the budget.A) management at all levelsB) customersC) suppliersD) All of these answers are correct.Answer: ADiff: 3Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Communication88) Participation of line managers in the budgeting process helps to create:A) greater commitmentB) greater anxietyC) more fraudD) better past performanceAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Communication89) Line managers who feel that top management does not believe in the budget are MOST likely to:A) pick up the slack and participate in the budgeting processB) be motivated by the budgetC) spend little time on the budgeting processD) convert the budget to a shorter more reasonable time periodAnswer: CDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Communication90) The time coverage of a budget should be:A) one yearB) guided by the purpose of the budgetC) cover design through manufacture and sale of the productD) shorter rather than longerAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking91) Rolling budgets help management to:A) better review the past calendar yearB) deal with a 5-year time frameC) focus on the upcoming budget periodD) rigidly administer the budgetAnswer: CDiff: 2Terms: rolling budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking92) Budgets should:A) be flexibleB) be administered rigidlyC) only be developed for short periods of timeD) include only variable costsAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: master budgetObjective: 293) Operating budgets include all of the following EXCEPT:A) the revenues budgetB) the budgeted income statementC) the administrative costs budgetD) the budgeted balance sheetAnswer: DDiff: 1Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking94) Operating budgets include the:A) budgeted balance sheetB) budgeted income statementC) capital expenditures budgetD) budgeted statement of cash flowsAnswer: BDiff: 1Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking95) The operating budget process generally concludes with the preparation of the:A) production budgetB) distribution budgetC) research and development budgetD) budgeted income statementAnswer: DDiff: 1Terms: operating budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking96) Which budget is NOT necessary to prepare the budgeted balance sheet?A) cash budgetB) budgeted statement of cash flowsC) budgeted income statementD) revenues budgetAnswer: BDiff: 1Terms: master budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking97) Financial budgets include the:A) capital expenditures budgetB) production budgetC) marketing costs budgetD) administrative costs budgetAnswer: ADiff: 1Terms: financial budgetObjective: 3。

DECISION MAKING AND RELEVANT INFORMATIONTRUE/FALSE1. A decision model is a formal method for making a choice, frequently involving bothquantitative and qualitative analyses.Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 12. Feedback from previous decisions uses historical information and, therefore, isirrelevant for making future predictions.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1Historical costs may be helpful in making future predictions, but are not relevant costs for decision making.3. The amount paid to purchase tools last month is an example of a sunk cost.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 24. For decision making, differential costs assist in choosing between alternatives.Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 25. For a particular decision, differential revenues and differential costs are always relevant.Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 26. A cost may be relevant for one decision, but not relevant for a different decision.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 27. Revenues that remain the same for two alternatives being examined are relevantrevenues.Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 2Revenues that remain the same between two alternatives are irrelevant for that decision since they do not differ between alternatives.8. Sunk costs are past costs that are unavoidable.Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 29. Quantitative factors are always expressed in numerical terms.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 310. Qualitative factors are outcomes that are measured in numerical terms, such as the costsof direct labor.Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 3Quantitative factors are outcomes that are measured in numerical terms, such as thecosts of direct labor.11. If a manufacturer chooses to continue purchasing direct materials from a supplierbecause of the ongoing relationship that has developed over the years, the decision is based on qualitative factors.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 312. Relevant revenues and relevant costs are the only information managers need to selectamong alternatives.Answer: False Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3Qualitative factors, as well as relevant revenues and relevant costs need to beconsidered when selecting among alternatives.13. Full costs of a product are relevant for one-time-only special order pricing decisions.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 3Incremental costs of a product are relevant for one-time-only special order pricingdecisions.14. Full costs of a product include variable costs, but not fixed costs.Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 3Full costs of a product include variable and fixed costs for all business functions in the value chain.15. For one-time-only special orders, variable costs may be relevant but not fixed costs.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 316. The price quoted for a one-time-only special order may be less than the price for along-term customer.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 317. Bid prices and costs that are relevant for regular orders are the same costs that arerelevant for one-time-only special orders.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 3Since long-term costs are relevant for regular orders and short-term costs are relevant for one-time-only special orders, the relevant costs differ.18. An incremental product cost is generally a fixed cost.Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 4An incremental product cost is generally a variable cost.19. If Option 1 costs $100 and Option 2 costs $80, then the differential cost is $180.Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 4If Option 1 costs $100 and Option 2 costs $80, then the differential cost is $20.20. Producing another 10,000 units may increase the fixed cost of rent.Answer: True Difficulty: 3 Objective: 4True, if additional capacity must be added to accommodate the additional production needs.21. Absorption cost per unit is the best product cost to use for one-time-only special orderdecisions.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 4Variable cost per unit is the best cost to use for one-time-only special order decisions.22. Sometimes qualitative factors are the most important factors in make-or-buy decisions.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 423. If a company is deciding whether to outsource a part, the reliability of the supplier is animportant factor to consider.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 424. Outsourcing is risk free to the manufacturer because the supplier now has theresponsibility of producing the part.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 4Outsourcing has risks since the manufacturer is dependent on the supplier for a quality product, delivered in a timely manner, for a reasonable price.25. When a firm maximizes profits it will simultaneously minimize opportunity costs.Answer: True Difficulty: 3 Objective: 526. In a make-or-buy decision when there are alternative uses for capacity, the opportunitycost of idle capacity is relevant.Answer: True Difficulty: 3 Objective: 527. When opportunity costs exist, they are always relevant.Answer: True Difficulty: 3 Objective: 528. When capacity is constrained, relevant costs equal incremental costs plus opportunitycosts.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 529. If the $17,000 spent to purchase inventory could be invested and earn interest of $1,000,then the opportunity cost of holding inventory is $17,000.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 5The opportunity cost of holding inventory is $1,000.30. The choice is not really whether to make or buy, but rather how to best utilize availableproduction capacity.Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 531. For short-run product-mix decisions, managers should focus on minimizing total fixedcosts.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 6For short-run product mix decisions, managers should focus on maximizing totalcontribution margin.32. For short-run product-mix decisions, maximizing contribution margin will also result inmaximizing operating income.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 633. Regardless of the restraining resource, to maximize profits managers should producemore of the product with the greatest contribution margin per unit.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 6To maximize profits, managers should produce more of the product with the greatest contribution margin per unit of the constraining resource.34. Management should focus on per unit costs when deciding whether to discontinue aproduct or not.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 7Management should focus on total costs when deciding whether to discontinue aproduct or not.35. Avoidable variable and fixed costs should be evaluated when deciding whether todiscontinue a product, product line, business segment, or customer.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 736. Depreciation allocated to a product line is a relevant cost when deciding to discontinuethat product.Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 7Depreciation is a sunk cost and never relevant.37. A company is considering adding a fourth product to use available capacity. A relevantfactor to consider is that corporate costs can now be allocated over four products rather than only three.Answer: False Difficulty: 3 Objective: 7It appears that corporate costs will not change in total, and therefore are not relevant costs for deciding whether to add a fourth product.38. When replacing an old machine with a new machine, the purchase price of the newmachine is a relevant cost.Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 839. When replacing an old machine with a new machine, the book value of the old machineis a relevant cost.Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 8The original price of the old machine is a past cost and therefore an irrelevant cost. 40. Replacing an old machine will increase operating income in the long run, but not forthis year. A manager may choose not to replace the machine if performance evaluations are based on performance over a single year.Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 941. Linear programming is a tool that maximizes total contribution margin of a mix ofproducts with multiple constraints.Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: AMULTIPLE CHOICE42. Feedback regarding previous actions may affecta. future predictions.b. implementation of the decision.c. the decision model.d. all of the above.Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 143. Place the following steps from the five-step decision process in order:A = Make predictions about future costsB = Evaluate performance to provide feedbackC = Implement the decisionD = Choose an alternativea. D C A Bb. C D A Bc. A D C Bd. D C B AAnswer: c Difficulty: 2 Objective: 144. The formal process of choosing between alternatives is known asa. a relevant model.b. a decision model.c. an alternative model.d. a prediction model.Answer: b Difficulty: 1 Objective: 145. Ruggles Circuit Company manufactures circuit boards for other firms. Management isattempting to search for ways to reduce manufacturing labor costs and has received a proposal from a consulting company to rearrange the production floor next year. Using the information below regarding current operations and the new proposal, which of the following decisions should management accept?Currently Proposed Required machine operators 5 4.5Materials-handling workers 1.25 1.25Employee average pay $8 per hour $9 per hourHours worked per employee 2,100 2,000a. Do not change the production floor.b. Rearrange the production floor.c. Either, because it makes no difference to the employees.d. It doesn't matter because the costs incurred will remain the same.Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1Current operations: 5 workers x 2,100 hours x $8.00 = $84,000Proposal: 4.5 workers x 2,000 hours x $9.00 = $81,000THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION APPLIES TO QUESTIONS 46 AND 47.LeBlanc Lighting manufactures small flashlights and is considering raising the price by 50 cents a unit for the coming year. With a 50-cent price increase, demand is expected to fall by 3,000 units.Currently Projected Demand 20,000 units 17,000 unitsSelling price $4.50 $5.00Incremental cost per unit $3.00 $3.0046. If the price increase is implemented, operating profit is projected toa. increase by $4,000.b. decrease by $4,000.c. increase by $6,000.d. decrease by $4,500.Answer: a Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1[17,000 x ($5 - $3)] – [20,000 x ($4.50 - $3.00)] = increase of $4,00047. Would you recommend the 50-cent price increase?a. No, because demand decreased.b. No, because the selling price increases.c Yes, because contribution margin per unit increases.d. Yes, because operating profits increase.Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 148. For decision making, a listing of the relevant costsa. will help the decision maker concentrate on the pertinent data.b. will only include future costs.c. will only include costs that differ among alternatives.d. should include all of the above.Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 249. Sunk costsa. are relevant.b. are differential.c. have future implications.d. are ignored when evaluating alternatives.Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Objective: 250. A computer system installed last year is an example ofa. a sunk cost.b. a relevant cost.c. a differential cost.d. an avoidable cost.Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Objective: 251. Costs that CANNOT be changed by any decision made now or in the future area. fixed costs.b. indirect costs.c. avoidable costs.d. sunk costs.Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Objective: 252. In evaluating different alternatives, it is useful to concentrate ona. variable costs.b. fixed costs.c. total costs.d. relevant costs.Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Objective: 253. Which of the following costs always differ among future alternatives?a. Fixed costsb. Historical costsc. Relevant costsd. Variable costsAnswer: c Difficulty: 1 Objective: 254. Which of the following costs are never relevant in the decision-making process?a. Fixed costsb. Historical costsc. Relevant costsd. Variable costsAnswer: b Difficulty: 1 Objective: 2THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION APPLIES TO QUESTIONS 55 AND 56.Jim’s 5-year-old Geo Prizm requires repairs estimated at $3,000 to make it roadworthy again. His friend, Julie, suggested that he should buy a 5-year-old used Honda Civic instead for $3,000 cash. Julie estimated the following costs for the two cars:Geo Prizm Honda Civic Acquisition cost $15,000 $3,000Repairs $ 3,000 ---Annual operating costs(Gas, maintenance, insurance) $ 2,280 $2,10055. The cost NOT relevant for this decision is(are)a. the acquisition cost of the Geo Prizm.b. the acquisition cost of the Honda Civic.c. the repairs to the Geo Prizm.d. the annual operating costs of the Honda Civic.Answer: a Difficulty: 2 Objective: 256. What should Jim do? What are his savings in the first year?a. Buy the Honda Civic; $9,780b. Fix the Geo Prizm; $5,518c. Buy the Honda Civic; $180d. Fix the Geo Prizm; $5,280Answer: c Difficulty: 2 Objective: 2Geo ($3,000 + $2,280) - Honda ($3,000 + $2,100) = $180 cost savings with the Honda option57. Quantitative factorsa. include financial information, but not nonfinancial information.b. can be expressed in monetary terms.c. are always relevant when making decisions.d. include employee morale.Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Objective: 358. Qualitative factorsa. generally are easily measured in quantitative terms.b. are generally irrelevant for decision making.c. may include either financial or nonfinancial information.d. include customer satisfaction.Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 359. Historical costs are helpfula. for making future predictions.b. for decision making.c. because they are quantitative.d. with none of the above.Answer: a Difficulty: 2 Objective: 360. When making decisionsa. quantitative factors are the most important.b. qualitative factors are the most important.c. appropriate weight must be given to both quantitative and qualitative factors.d. both quantitative and qualitative factors are unimportant.Answer: c Difficulty: 2 Objective: 361. Employee morale at Dos Santos, Inc., is very high. This type of information is knownasa. a qualitative factor.b. a quantitative factor.c. a nonmeasurable factor.d. a financial factor.Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Objective: 362. Roberto owns a small body shop. His major costs include labor, parts, and rent. In thedecision-making process, these costs are considered to bea. fixed.b. qualitative factors.c. quantitative factors.d. variable.Answer: c Difficulty: 1 Objective: 363. One-time-only special orders should only be accepted ifa. incremental revenues exceed incremental costs.b. differential revenues exceed variable costs.c. incremental revenues exceed fixed costs.d. total revenues exceed total costs.Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Objective: 364. When deciding to accept a one-time-only special order from a wholesaler, managementshould do all EXCEPTa. analyze product costs.b. consider the special order’s impact on future prices of their products.c. determine whether excess capacity is available.d. verify past design costs for the product.Answer: d Difficulty: 3 Objective: 365. When there is excess capacity, it makes sense to accept a one-time-only special orderfor less than the current selling price whena. incremental revenues exceed incremental costs.b. additional fixed costs must be incurred to accommodate the order.c. the company placing the order is in the same market segment as your currentcustomers.d. it never makes sense.Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION APPLIES TO QUESTIONS 66 THROUGH 69. Welch Manufacturing is approached by a European customer to fulfill a one-time-only special order for a product similar to one offered to domestic customers. Welch Manufacturing has excess capacity. The following per unit data apply for sales to regular customers:Variable costs:Direct materials $40Direct labor 20Manufacturing support 35Marketing costs 15Fixed costs:Manufacturing support 45Marketing costs 15Total costs 170Markup (50%) 85Targeted selling price $25566. What is the full cost of the product per unit?a. $110b. $170c. $255d. $85Answer: b Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3$40 + $20 + $35 + $15 + $45 + $15 = $17067. What is the contribution margin per unit?a. $85b. $110c. $145d. $255Answer: c Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3$255 – ($40 + $20 + $35 + $15) = $14568. For Welch Manufacturing, what is the minimum acceptable price of this special order?a. $110b. $145c. $170d. $255Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3$40 + $20 + $35 + $15 = $11069. What is the change in operating profits if the 1,000 unit one-time-only special order isaccepted for $180 a unit by Welch?a. $70,000 increase in operating profitsb. $10,000 increase in operating profitsc. $10,000 decrease in operating profitsd. $75,000 decrease in operating profitsAnswer: a Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3$180 – ($40 + $20 + $35 + $15) = $70; 1,000 x $70 = $70,000 increase70. Ratzlaff Company has a current production level of 20,000 units per month. Unit costsat this level are:Direct materials $0.25Direct labor 0.40Variable overhead 0.15Fixed overhead 0.20Marketing - fixed 0.20Marketing/distribution - variable 0.40Current monthly sales are 18,000 units. Jim Company has contacted Ratzlaff Company about purchasing 1,500 units at $2.00 each. Current sales would not be affected by the one-time-only special order, and variable marketing/distribution costs would not beincurred on the special order. What is Ratzlaff Company’s change in operating profits if the special order is accepted?a. $400 increase in operating profitsb. $400 decrease in operating profitsc. $1,800 increase in operating profitsd. $1,800 decrease in operating profitsAnswer: c Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3Manufacturing cost per unit = $0.25 + $0.40 + $0.15 = $0.801,500 x ($2.00 - $0.80) = $1,800 increase71. Black Tool Company has a production capacity is 1,500 units per month, but currentproduction is only 1,250 units. The manufacturing costs are $60 per unit and marketing costs are $16 per unit. Doug Hall offers to purchase 250 units at $76 each for the next five months. Should Black accept the one-time-only special order if only absorption-costing data are available?a. Yes, good customer relations are essential.b. No, the company will only break even.c. No, since only the employees will benefit.d. Yes, since operating profits will most likely increase.Answer: d Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3Since the $60 absorption cost per unit is most likely not all variable costs and since the entire $16 per unit of marketing costs may not be incurred, operating profits will most likely increase.THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION APPLIES TO QUESTIONS 72 THROUGH 75. Grant’s Kitchens is approached by Ms. Tammy Wang, a new customer, to fulfill a large one-time-only special order for a product similar to one offered to regular customers. The following per unit data apply for sales to regular customers:Direct materials $455Direct labor 300Variable manufacturing support 45Fixed manufacturing support 100Total manufacturing costs 900Markup (60%) 540Targeted selling price $1440Grant’s Kitchens has excess capacity. Ms. Wang wants the cabinets in cherry rather than oak, so direct material costs will increase by $30 per unit.72. For Grant’s Kitchens, what is the minimum acceptable price of this one-time-onlyspecial order?a. $830b. $930c. $785d. $1440Answer: a Difficulty: 2 Objective: 3$455 + $300 + $45 + $30 = $83073. Other than price, what other items should Grant’s Kitchens consider before acceptingthis one-time-only special order?a. Reaction of shareholdersb. Reaction of existing customers to the lower price offered to Ms. Wangc. Demand for cherry cabinetsd. Price is the only consideration.Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Objective: 374. If Ms. Wang wanted a long-term commitment for supplying this product, this analysisa. would definitely be different.b. may be different.c. would not be different.d. does not contain enough information to determine if there would be a difference.Answer: a Difficulty: 2 Objective: 375. If there was limited capacity, all of the following amounts would change EXCEPTa. opportunity costs.b. differential costs.c. variable costs.d. the minimum acceptable price.Answer: c Difficulty: 3 Objective: 5THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION APPLIES TO QUESTIONS 76 AND 77. Northwoods manufactures rustic furniture. The cost accounting system estimates manufacturing costs to be $90 per table, consisting of 80% variable costs and 20% fixed costs. The company has surplus capacity available. It is Northwoods’ policy to add a 50% markup to full costs.76. Northwoods is invited to bid on a one-time-only special order to supply 100 rustictables. What is the lowest price Northwoods should bid on this special order?a. $6,300b. $7,200c. $9,000d. $13,500Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Objective: 3$90 x 80% x 100 tables = $7,20077. A large hotel chain is currently expanding and has decided to decorate all new hotelsusing the rustic style. Northwoods Incorporated is invited to submit a bid to the hotel chain. What is the lowest price per unit Northwoods should bid on this long-term order?a. $63b. $72c. $90d. $135Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 3$90 + ($90 x 50%) = $13578. Cochran Corporation has a plant capacity of 100,000 units per month. Unit costs atcapacity are:Direct materials $4.00Direct labor 6.00Variable overhead 3.00Fixed overhead 1.00Marketing - fixed 7.00Marketing/distribution - variable 3.60Current monthly sales are 95,000 units at $30.00 each. Suzie, Inc., has contactedCochran Corporation about purchasing 2,000 units at $24.00 each. Current sales would not be affected by the one-time-only special order. What is Cochran’s change inoperating profits if the one-time-only special order is accepted?a. $14,800 increaseb. $17,200 increasec. $22,000 increased. $33,200 increaseAnswer: a Difficulty: 3 Objective: 3($4.00 + 6.00 + 3.00 + 3.60) = $16.60($24.00 – 16.60) x 2,000 = $14,800 increase79. The sum of all the costs incurred in a particular business function (for example,marketing) is called thea. business function cost.b. full product cost.c. gross product cost.d. multiproduct cost.Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Objective: 380. The sum of all costs incurred in all business functions in the value chain (productdesign, manufacturing, marketing, and customer service, for example) is known as thea. business cost.b. full product cost.c. gross product cost.d. multiproduct cost.Answer: b Difficulty: 1 Objective: 381. Problems that should be avoided when identifying relevant costs include all EXCEPTa. assuming all variable costs are relevant.b. assuming all fixed costs are irrelevant.c. using unit costs that do not separate variable and fixed components.d. using total costs that separate variable and fixed components.Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 482. The BEST way to avoid misidentification of relevant costs is to focus ona. expected future costs that differ among the alternatives.b. historical costs.c. unit fixed costs.d. total unit costs.Answer: a Difficulty: 2 Objective: 483. Factors used to decide whether to outsource a part includea. the supplier’s cost of direct materials.b. if the supplier is reliable.c. the original cost of equipment currently used for production of that part.d. past design costs used to develop the current composition of the part.Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Objective: 484. Relevant costs of a make-or-buy decision include all EXCEPTa. fixed salaries that will not be incurred if the part is outsourced.b. current direct material costs of the part.c. special machinery for the part that has no resale value.d. material-handling costs that can be eliminated.Answer: c Difficulty: 3 Objective: 485. Which of following are risks of outsourcing the production of a part?a. Unpredictable qualityb. Unreliable deliveryc. Unscheduled price increasesd. All of the above are risks of outsourcing.Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Objective: 486. Which of the following minimize the risks of outsourcing?a. The use of short-term contracts that specify priceb. The responsibility for on-time delivery is now the responsibility of the supplierc. Building close relationships with the supplierd. All of the above minimize the risks of outsourcing.Answer: c Difficulty: 3 Objective: 487. The cost to produce Part A was $10 per unit in 20x3 and in 20x4 has increased to $11per unit. In 20x4, Supplier XYZ has offered to supply Part A for $9 per unit. For the make-or-buy decision,a. incremental revenues are $2 per unit.b. incremental costs are $1 per unit.c. net relevant costs are $1 per unit.d. differential costs are $2 per unit.Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 488. When evaluating a make-or-buy decision, which of the following does NOT need to beconsidered?a. Alternative uses of the production capacityb. The original cost of the production equipmentc. The quality of the supplier's productd. The reliability of the supplier's delivery scheduleAnswer: b Difficulty: 2 Objective: 489. For make-or-buy decisions, a supplier's ability to deliver the item on a timely basis isconsidereda. a qualitative factor.b. a relevant cost.c. a differential factor.d. an opportunity cost.Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Objective: 490. The incremental costs of producing one more unit of product include all of thefollowing EXCEPTa. direct materials.b. direct labor.c. variable overhead costs.d. fixed overhead costs.Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 491. Direct materials $40, direct labor $10, variable overhead costs $30, and fixed overheadcosts $20. In the short term, the incremental cost of one unit isa. $30.b. $50.c. $80.d. $100.Answer: c Difficulty: 2 Objective: 492. Unit cost data can MOST mislead decisions bya. not computing fixed overhead costs.b. computing labor and materials costs only.c. computing administrative costs.d. not computing unit costs at the same output level.Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Objective: 493. Schmidt Sewing Company incorporates the services of Deb's Sewing. Schmidtpurchases pre-cut dresses from Deb's. This is primarily known asa. insourcing.b. outsourcing.c. relevant costing.d. sunk costing.Answer: b Difficulty: 1 Objective: 494. Pearce Sign Company manufactures signs from direct materials to the finished product.This is considereda. insourcing.b. outsourcing.c. relevant costing.d. sunk costing.Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Objective: 495. Which of the following would NOT be considered in a make-or-buy decision?a. Fixed costs that will no longer be incurredb. Variable costs of productionc. Potential rental income from space occupied by the production aread. Unchanged supervisory costsAnswer: d Difficulty: 2 Objective: 4。

成本会计英语1、构成产品理论成本是（）。

A、已耗费的⽣产资料转移的价值B、劳动者为⾃⼰劳动所创造的价值C、劳动者为社会劳动所创造的价值D、A和B2、企业为筹集⽣产经营所需资⾦⽽发⽣的各项费⽤，属于（）。

A、管理费⽤B、制造费⽤C、财务费⽤D、⽣产费⽤3、成本项⽬是（）。

A、⽣产费⽤按经济⽤途的分类B、⽣产费⽤按经济内容的分类C、⽣产费⽤按经济性质的分类D、⽣产费⽤按计⼊成本的⽅式分类4、停⼯损失不包括（）期间发⽣的损失。

A、⼤修理停⼯B、⾃然灾害停⼯C、季节性停⼯D、原材料供应不⾜5、制造费⽤( )。

A、都是间接⽣产费⽤B、都是间接计⼊费⽤C、既包括间接⽣产费⽤，⼜包括直接⽣产费⽤D、都是直接计⼊费⽤6、不通过“应交税⾦”科⽬核算的有( )。

A、房产税B、车船使⽤税C、⼟地使⽤税D、印花税7、某⼚⽣产的甲产品顺序经过第⼀、第⼆两道⼯序加⼯，原材料在第⼀⼯序⽣产开始时投⼊90％，第⼆⼯序⽣产开始时投⼊10％，则第⼆⼯序⽉末在产品的投料率为（）。

A、10％B、90％C、5％D、100％8、采⽤不计在产品成本法的使⽤范围是（）。

A、⽉末在产品数量变化⼤B、⽉末在产品数量很少C、⽉末在产品数量多D、⽉末在产品数量均衡9、与⽣产的特点没有直接关系，不涉及成本计算对象，可以与基本成本计算⽅法结合使⽤的成本计算⽅法是( )。

A、品种法B、分批法C、分步法D、分类法10、品种法的成本计算对象是（）。

A、产品品种B、产品类别C、产品批别D、产品的⽣产步骤11、成本还原的对象是（）。

A、完⼯产品成本B、完⼯产品所耗各步骤半成品的综合成本C、最后步骤的完⼯产品成本D、各步骤半成品成本12、采⽤平⾏结转分步法时，完⼯产品与在产品之间分配费⽤，是指（）之间的费⽤分配。

A、产成品与⽉末在产品B、产成品与⼴义在产品C、产成品的“份额”与⼴义在产品D、完⼯半成品与⽉末加⼯中的在产品13、下列辅助⽣产费⽤分配⽅法中,分配结果最为准确的是( )。

会计专业英文笔试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the primary purpose of financial statements?A. To provide information for decision-makingB. To promote the company's imageC. To comply with tax regulationsD. To attract investors答案：A2. Which of the following is not a fundamental accounting principle?A. Going concernB. Historical costC. Accrual basis of accountingD. Cash basis of accounting答案：D3. The matching principle is used to:A. Match expenses with the revenues they generateB. Match assets with the liabilities they generateC. Match revenues with the assets they generateD. Match liabilities with the expenses they generate答案：A4. What is the formula for calculating return on investment (ROI)?A. ROI = Net Income / Total AssetsB. ROI = (Net Income / Sales) * 100C. ROI = (Return on Sales + Return on Assets) / 2D. ROI = (Net Income / Average Investment) * 100答案：D5. Which of the following is not a type of depreciation method?A. Straight-lineB. Double-declining balanceC. Units of productionD. FIFO (First-In, First-Out)答案：D二、简答题（每题5分，共30分）6. Define "Double-Entry Accounting" and explain its importance in maintaining the integrity of financial records.答案：Double-entry accounting is a system of accounting where every transaction is recorded twice, once as a debit and once as a credit. This system ensures that the accounting equation remains balanced and helps in maintaining the integrity of financial records by providing a check and balance mechanism to prevent errors and fraud.7. Explain the difference between "Liabilities" and "Equity".答案：Liabilities are obligations of a company to pay cash, provide services, or give up assets to other entities in the future. They represent the company's debts and are a source of funds that the company is obligated to repay. Equity, on the other hand, represents the ownership interest of the shareholders in the company. It is the residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting liabilities.8. What is the purpose of "Financial Statement Analysis"?答案：The purpose of financial statement analysis is to assess the financial health and performance of a company. It involves evaluating the company's liquidity, profitability, solvency, and efficiency. This analysis helps investors, creditors, and other stakeholders make informed decisions about the company.9. Describe the "Balance Sheet" and its components.答案：The balance sheet is a financial statement that presents the financial position of a company at a specific point in time. It includes assets, liabilities, and equity. Assets are what the company owns, liabilities are what the company owes, and equity is the net worth of the company, calculated as assets minus liabilities.10. What is "Cash Flow Statement" and why is it important?答案：The cash flow statement is a financial statement that provides information about the cash inflows and outflows of a company over a period of time. It is important because it shows the company's ability to generate cash and meet its financial obligations, which is crucial for the survival and growth of the business.三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）11. Assume you are a financial analyst for a company. The company has reported the following financial data for the current year:- Sales: $500,000- Cost of Goods Sold: $300,000- Operating Expenses: $100,000- Depreciation: $20,000- Interest Expense: $10,000- Taxes: $30,000Calculate the company's net income.答案：Net Income = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold - Operating Expenses - Depreciation - Interest Expense - TaxesNet Income = $500,000 - $300,000 - $100,000 - $20,000 - $10,000 - $30,000Net Income = $50,00012. A company is considering purchasing a new machine for $100,000. The machine is expected to generate additional annual revenue of $30,000 and will have annual operating costs of $15,000. The machine is expected to last for 5 years and will have no residual value. Calculate the payback period for the machine.答案：Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash Inflow Annual Cash Inflow = Additional Revenue。

Cost Accounting, 13e (Horngren et al.)Chapter 20 Inventory Management, Just-in-Time, and Simplified Costing Methods1) Retailers generally have a high percentage of net income to revenues.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Retailers have a low percentage of net income to revenues.Diff: 2Terms: inventory managementObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills2) Inventory management is the planning, organizing, and controlling activities that focus on the flow ofmaterials into, through, and from the organization.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: inventory managementObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills3) Purchasing costs generally include the freight and transportation costs on goods acquired from suppliers.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: purchasing costsObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills4) Expediting costs of a stockout include the additional ordering costs, plus any associated transportation costs.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Expediting costs include the associated transportation costs.Diff: 2Terms: stockout costsObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills5) Carrying costs arise when an organization experiences an ability to deliver its goods to its customers.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Carrying costs arise when an organization holds its goods for sale.Diff: 2Terms: carrying costsObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills6) Shrinkage costs result from water damage to clothing and other soft goods.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Shrinkage costs result from theft by outsiders, embezzlement by employees, misclassifications, and clerical errors.Diff: 2Terms: shrinkageObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skillscounted.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: shrinkageObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills8) All inventory costs are available in financial accounting systems.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Opportunity costs are rarely recorded in formal accounting systems and they are often a very significant cost component.Diff: 2Terms: shrinkageObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills9) Sharing inventory data throughout the supply chain leads to more "rush" orders occurring.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Sharing inventory data throughout the supply chain leads to fewer "rush" orders occurring.Diff: 2Terms: inventory managementObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills10) The simplest version of the Economic Order Quantity model incorporates only ordering costs, carrying costs,and purchasing costs into the calculation.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Purchasing costs are ignored in the Economic Order Quantity.Diff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills11) To determine the Economic Order Quantity, the relevant ordering costs are minimized and the relevantcarrying costs are maximized.Answer: FALSEExplanation: We minimize both the relevant ordering costs and the relevant carrying costs.Diff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills12) The Economic Order Quantity increases with demand and ordering costs and decreases with carrying costs.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 2AACSB: Analytical skillscosts are equal.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills14) When retailers are uncertain about demand for their products or availability of their products from thesuppliers, they often hold a fixed level of safety stock to make sure they will be able to fulfill the customers' needs.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: safety stockObjective: 2AACSB: Ethical reasoning15) The annual relevant carrying costs of inventory consist of incremental costs plus the opportunity cost ofcapital.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3Terms: carrying costsObjective: 3AACSB: Analytical skills16) Just-in-time purchasing requires organizations to place smaller purchase orders with their suppliers.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: just-in-time (JIT) purchasingObjective: 3AACSB: Analytical skills17) Just-in-time purchasing is guided solely by the economic order quantity.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Inventory management also includes purchasing costs, stockout costs, and quality costs.Diff: 2Terms: just-in-time (JIT) purchasing, economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 3AACSB: Analytical skills18) The higher level of variability at manufacturers rather than suppliers, and at retailers rather thanmanufacturers is called the "bullwhip effect."Answer: FALSEExplanation: The higher level of variability is at suppliers rather than manufacturers, and at manufacturers rather than at suppliers.Diff: 3Terms: inventory managementObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking19) Just-in-time purchasing describes the flow of goods, services, and information from the initial sources ofmaterials and services to the delivery of products to consumers, regardless of whether those activities occur in the same organization or in other organizations.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Supply chain describes the flow of goods, services, and information from the initial sources of materials and services to the delivery of products to consumers, regardless of whether thoseactivities occur in the same organization or in other organizations.Diff: 3Terms: supply chainObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking20) A "push-through" system, often described as a just-in-time system, emphasizes simplicity and closecoordination among work centers.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The narrative describes a Materials Requirement Planning system.Diff: 2Terms: just-in-time (JIT) productionObjective: 5AACSB: Communication21) Costs of setting up a production run are analogous to ordering costs in the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)model.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: ordering costsObjective: 5AACSB: Analytical skills22) A "demand-pull" system, often described as a materials requirement planning system, focuses first on theforecasted amount and timing of finished goods and then determines the demand for materials components and subassemblies at each of the prior stages of production.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The narrative describes a push-through system.Diff: 2Terms: material requirements planning (MRP)Objective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking23) In a just-in-time inventory system, there is less emphasis on the need to eliminate scrap and rework problems.Answer: FALSEExplanation: There is more emphasis on the need to eliminate scrap and rework problems.Diff: 2Terms: just-in-time (JIT) productionObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking24) Just-in-time systems are similar to materials requirement planning systems in that both systems aredemand-pull systems.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Just-in-time systems are not similar to materials requirement planning systems in that just-in-time production is a demand-pull system and materials requirements planning is a push-throughapproach.Diff: 2Terms: just-in-time (JIT) production, materials requirements planning (MRP)Objective: 5, 6AACSB: Analytical skills25) A financial benefit of a just-in-time system is that inventory carrying costs are reduced.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: just-in-time (JIT) production, just-in-time (JIT) purchasingObjective: 6AACSB: Reflective thinking26) In a just-in-time system, suppliers are selected primarily on the basis of their ability to provide materials andproducts at the lowest possible price.Answer: FALSEExplanation: In a just-in-time system, suppliers are selected on the basis of their ability to deliver quality materials in a timely manner.Diff: 2Terms: just-in-time (JIT) production, just-in-time (JIT) purchasingObjective: 6AACSB: Reflective thinking27) An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System comprises a single database that collects data and feeds itinto software applications supporting all of a company's business activities.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: enterprise resource planning (ERP) systemObjective: 6AACSB: Use of Information Technology28) In a backflush-costing system, no record of work in process appears in the accounting records.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3Terms: backflush costingObjective: 7AACSB: Reflective thinking29) Backflush costing is a costing system that omits recording some or all of the journal entries relating to thestages from purchase of direct materials to the sales of finished goods.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: backflush costingObjective: 7AACSB: Reflective thinking30) A trigger point refers to the inventory level at which a reorder is generated.Answer: FALSEExplanation: A trigger point refers to the point at which a journal entry is made.Diff: 2Terms: trigger pointObjective: 7AACSB: Reflective thinking31) A firm using a backflush costing system will always use actual costs rather than standard costs.Answer: FALSEExplanation: A firm using a backflush costing system can use standard costs as well as actual costs.Diff: 2Terms: backflush costingObjective: 7AACSB: Reflective thinking32) The "flush" in backflush refers to the fact that there are no variances in a backflush costing system usingstandard costs.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The "flush" in backflush refers to the fact that costs are "flushed" out of the system after the product has been produced or sold.Diff: 2Terms: backflush costingObjective: 7AACSB: Reflective thinking33) Companies that have fast manufacturing lead times usually find that a version of backflush costing willreport cost numbers similar to what a sequential costing approach would report.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3Terms: backflush costingObjective: 8AACSB: Analytical skills34) Backflush costing is usually restricted to companies adopting JIT production methods.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Backflush costing is also helpful in companies that have fast manufacturing times, and that have very stable inventory.Diff: 3Terms: backflush costing, just-in-time (JIT) productionObjective: 8AACSB: Reflective thinking35) A positive aspect of backflush costing is the presence of the visible audit trail.Answer: FALSEExplanation: In backflush costing, the visible audit trail diminishes.Diff: 3Terms: backflush costingObjective: 8AACSB: Reflective thinking36) Lean accounting is a costing method that supports creating value for the customer by costing the entire valuestream, not individual products or departments, thereby eliminating waste in the accounting process.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3Terms: lean accountingObjective: 9AACSB: Reflective thinking37) Which of the following industries would have the highest cost of goods sold percentage relative to sales?A) computer manufacturersB) retail organizationsC) drug manufacturersD) The percentage will usually depend on the success of a particular company.Answer: BDiff: 2Terms: inventory managementObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking38) The costs of goods acquired from suppliers including incoming freight or transportation costs are:A) purchasing costsB) ordering costsC) stockout costsD) carrying costsAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: purchasing costsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking39) The costs of preparing, issuing, and paying purchase orders, plus receiving and inspecting the itemsincluded in orders is:A) purchasing costsB) ordering costsC) stockout costsD) carrying costsAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: ordering costsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking40) The costs that result from theft of inventory are:A) shrinkage costsB) external failure costsC) stockout costsD) costs of qualityAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: shrinkageObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking41) The costs that result when a company runs out of a particular item for which there is a customer demand are:A) shrinkage costsB) shortage costsC) stockout costsD) EOQ estimation costsAnswer: CDiff: 2Terms: stockout costsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking42) The costs that result when features and characteristics of a product or service are not in conformance withthe specifications are:A) inspection costsB) costs of qualityC) purchasing costsD) design costsAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: stockout costsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking43) The costs that result when a company holds an inventory of goods for sale:A) purchasing costsB) carrying costsC) opportunity costsD) interest costsAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: stockout costsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking44) Quality costs include:A) purchasing costsB) ordering costsC) stockout costsD) prevention costsAnswer: DDiff: 2Terms: quality costsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking45) Obsolescence is an example of which cost category?A) carrying costsB) labor costsC) ordering costsD) quality costsAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: carrying costsObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking46) The costs associated with storage are an example of which cost category?A) quality costsB) labor costsC) ordering costsD) carrying costsAnswer: DDiff: 2Terms: carrying costsObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking47) Which of the following is an assumption of the economic-order-quantity decision model?A) The quantity ordered can vary at each reorder point.B) Demand ordering costs and carrying costs fluctuate.C) There will be timely labor costs.D) No stockouts occur.Answer: DDiff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking48) The economic order quantity ignores:A) purchasing costsB) relevant ordering costsC) stockout costsD) Both A and C are correct.Answer: DDiff: 3Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking49) The purchase-order lead time is the:A) difference between the times an order is placed and deliveredB) difference between the products ordered and the products receivedC) discrepancies in purchase ordersD) time required to correct errors in the products receivedAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: purchase-order lead timeObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking50) Which of the following statements about the economic-order-quantity decision model is FALSE?A) It assumes purchasing costs are relevant when the cost per unit changes due to the quantity ordered.B) It assumes quality costs are irrelevant if quality is unaffected by the number of units purchased.C) It assumes stockout costs are irrelevant if no stockouts occur.D) It assumes ordering costs and carrying costs are relevant.Answer: ADiff: 3Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking51) Relevant total costs in the economic-order-quantity decision model equal relevant ordering costs plusrelevant:A) carrying costsB) stockout costsC) quality costsD) purchasing costsAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ), ordering costs, carrying costsObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking52) Phonic Goods is a distributor of videotapes. Tape-Disk Mart is a local retail outlet which sells blank andrecorded videos. Tape-Disk Mart purchases tapes from Phonic Goods at $3.00 per tape; tapes are shipped in packages of 20. Phonic Goods pays all incoming freight, and Tape-Disk Mart does not inspect the tapes due to Phonic Goods' reputation for high quality. Annual demand is 104,000 tapes at a rate of 4,000 tapes per week. Tape-Disk Mart earns 20% on its cash investments. The purchase-order lead time is two weeks. The following cost data are available:Relevant ordering costs per purchase order $90.50Carrying costs per package per year:Relevant insurance, materials handling,breakage, etc., per year $ 4.50What is the required annual return on investment per package?A) $60.00B) $2.50C) $12.00D) $0.60Answer: CExplanation: C) 20 tapes × $3.00 =$60.00$60.00 × 0.2 =$12.00Diff: 3Terms: ordering costs, carrying costsObjective: 3AACSB: Analytical skillsAnswer the following questions using the information below:Stereo Goods is a distributor of videotapes. Video Mart is a local retail outlet which sells blank and recorded videos.Video Mart purchases tapes from Stereo Goods at $5.00 per tape; tapes are shipped in packages of 25. Stereo Goods pays all incoming freight, and Video Mart does not inspect the tapes due to Stereo Goods' reputation for high quality. Annual demand is 104,000 tapes at a rate of 2,000 tapes per week. Video Mart earns 15% on its cash investments. Thepurchase -order lead time is one week. The following cost data are available:Relevant ordering costs per purchase order $94.50Carrying costs per package per year:Relevant insurance, materials handling,breakage, etc., per year $ 3.5053) What is the economic order quantity?A) 874 packagesB) 652 packagesC) 200 packagesD) 188 packagesAnswer:D Explanation: D) EOQ = The square root of [(2 × (104,000/25) × $94.50) / ($18.75 + $3.50)]EOQ = 188 packagesDiff: 2Terms:economic order quantity (EOQ) Objective:3 AACSB:Analytical skills 54) What are the relevant total costs?A) $6,150.50B) $4,182.56C) $2,560.20D) $1,951.70Answer:B Explanation: B) EOQ = The square root of [(2 × (104,000/25) × $94.50) / ($18.75 + $3.50)]EOQ = 188 packagesRTC = 2)]50.3$75.18($188[188]50.94$)25/000,104[(+⨯+⨯= $4,182.56 188 Diff: 3Terms:economic order quantity (EOQ), ordering costs, carrying costs Objective:3 AACSB:Analytical skills55) How many deliveries will be made during each time period?A) 22.1 deliveriesB) 26.0 deliveriesC) 29.4 deliveriesD) 32.0 deliveriesAnswer: AExplanation: A) EOQ = The square root of [(2 × (104,000/25) × $94.50) / ($18.75 + $3.50)]EOQ = 188 packages[(104,000 / 25) / 188] = 22.1 deliveriesDiff: 3Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 3AACSB: Analytical skillsAnswer the following questions using the information below:Green Grass Incorporated is a distributor of golf balls. Garry's Golf Supplies is a local retail outlet which sells golf balls. Garry's purchases the golf balls from Green Grass Incorporated at $0.75 per ball; the golf balls are shipped in cartons of 72. Green Grass Incorporated pays all incoming freight, and Garry's Golf Supplies does not inspect the balls due to Green Grass' reputation for high quality. Annual demand is 172,800 golf balls at a rate of 3,322 balls per week. Garry's Golf Supplies earns 12% on its cash investments. The purchase-order lead time is one week. The following cost data are available:Relevant ordering costs per purchase order $125.00Carrying costs per carton per year:Relevant insurance, materials handling,breakage, etc., per year $ 0.7756) If Garry's makes an order (1/12 of annual demand) once per month, what are the relevant total costs?A) $1,500B) $2,085.67C) 2,225.00D) $3,000.00Answer: CExplanation: C) Order Quantity = Annual Demand / 12 = 14,400 balls/month = 200 cartons per monthRTC = Ordering Costs + Carrying CostsCarrying Cost per carton =price × invest rate + insurance/handlingCarrying Cost per carton = ($.75 × 72 × 12%) + $0.77 = $7.25RTC = (12 × $125.00) + ((200/2) × $7.25) =$2,225.00Diff: 3Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ), ordering costs, carrying costsObjective: 3AACSB: Analytical skills57) What is the economic order quantity?A) 200 cartonsB) 288 cartonsC) 300 cartonsD) 388 cartonsAnswer: BExplanation: B) Annual Demand / 172,800 / 72 = 2,400 cartonsCarrying Cost per carton = ($.75 × 72 × 12%) + $0.77 = $7.25EOQ = The square root of [(2 × (172,800/72) × $125.00) / ($7.25)]EOQ = 287.7 cartons - round to 288Diff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 3AACSB: Analytical skills58) Purchasing at the EOQ recommended level, how many deliveries will be made during each time period?A) 2 deliveriesB) 6.0 deliveriesC) 8.3 deliveriesD) 12 deliveriesAnswer: CExplanation: C) Annual Demand / 172,800 / 72 = 2,400 cartonsCarrying Cost per carton = ($.75 × 72 × 12%) + $0.77 = $7.25EOQ = The square root of [(2 × (172,800/72) × $125.00) / ($7.25)]EOQ = 287.7 cartonsDeliveries = Annual Demand / EOQ = 8.3Diff: 3Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 3AACSB: Analytical skills59) Purchasing at the EOQ recommended level, what are the relevant total costs?A) $1,500.00B) $2,085.67C)$2,225.00 D) $3,000.00Answer:B Explanation: B) Annual Demand / 172,800 / 72 = 2,400 cartonsCarrying Cost per carton = ($.75 × 72 × 12%) + $0.77 = $7.25EOQ = The square root of [(2 × (172,800/72) × $125.00) / ($7.25)]EOQ = 287.7 cartonsRTC = 2)]25.7($7.287[7.287]00.125$)72/800,172[(⨯+⨯ = $2,085.67 Your solution might be slightly different based on rounding.Diff: 3Terms:economic order quantity (EOQ), ordering costs, carrying costs Objective:3 AACSB:Analytical skills Answer the following questions using the information below:The Wood Furniture company produces a specialty wood furniture product, and has the following information available concerning its inventory items:Relevant ordering costs per purchase order $150Relevant carrying costs per year:Required annual return on investment 10%Required other costs per year $1.40Annual demand is 10,000 packages per year. The purchase price per package is $16.60) What is the economic order quantity?A) 150,000 unitsB) 1,000 unitsC) 75,000 unitsD) 5,000 unitsAnswer:B Explanation: B) Unit carrying costs = ($16 × 0.10) + $1.40 = $3EOQ = The square root of [(2 × 10,000 × $150) / $3] = 1,000 unitsDiff: 3Terms:economic order quantity (EOQ) Objective:2 AACSB:Analytical skills61) What are the relevant total costs at the economic order quantity?A) $1,000B) $1,500C) $3,000D) $3,500Answer:C Explanation: C) Unit carrying costs = ($16 × 0.10) + $1.40 = $3EOQ = The square root of [(2 × 10,000 × $150) / $3] = 1,000 unitsRTC = ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⨯+⨯2)3$000,1(000,1)150$000,10( = $3,000 Diff: 3Terms:economic order quantity (EOQ), ordering costs, carrying costs Objective:2 AACSB:Analytical skills 62) What are the total relevant costs, assuming the quantity ordered equals 500 units?A) $3,500B) $500C) $4,000D) $3,750Answer:D Explanation: D) RTC = ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⨯+⨯2)3$500(500)150$000,10( = $3,750 Diff: 3Terms:economic order quantity (EOQ), ordering costs, carrying costs Objective:2 AACSB:Analytical skills 63) How many deliveries will be required at the economic order quantity?A) 1.0 deliveryB) 5.1 deliveriesC) 8.2 deliveriesD) 10.0 deliveriesAnswer:D Explanation: D) 10,000 / 1,000 = 10 deliveriesDiff: 3Terms:economic order quantity (EOQ) Objective:2 AACSB:Analytical skills 64) The annual relevant total costs are at a minimum when relevant:A) ordering costs are greater than the relevant carrying costsB) carrying costs are greater than the relevant ordering costsC) carrying costs are equal to relevant ordering costsD) None of these answers is correct.Answer:C Diff: 3Terms:economic order quantity (EOQ), ordering costs, carrying costs Objective:2 AACSB:Reflective thinking65) The reorder point is simplest to compute when:A) both demand and purchase-order lead times are known with certaintyB) the number of units sold variesC) the safety stock amount never variesD) the relevant ordering costs and the relevant carrying costs are equalAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ), reorder pointObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking66) Diskette Company sells 200 discs per week. Purchase-order lead time is 1-1/2 weeks and the economic-orderquantity is 450 units. What is the reorder point?A) 200 unitsB) 300 unitsC) 750 unitsD) 1,125 unitsAnswer: BExplanation: B) 200 × 1.5= 300 unitsDiff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ), reorder pointObjective: 4AACSB: Analytical skills67) Wilson's Deli can predict with virtual certainty the demand for its products. Wilson's sells 20 hams perweek. Purchase-order lead time is 2 weeks and the economic-order quantity is 50 hams. What is the reorder point?A) 20 hamsB) 30 hamsC) 40 hamsD) 50 hamsAnswer: CExplanation: C) 20 × 2= 40 hamsDiff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ), reorder pointObjective: 4AACSB: Analytical skillsOwen-King Company sells optical equipment. Lens Company manufactures special glass lenses. Owen-King Company orders 5,200 lenses per year, 100 per week, at $20 per lens. Lens Company covers all shipping costs. Owen-King Company earns 30% on its cash investments. The purchase-order lead time is 2.5 weeks. Owen-King Company sells 125 lenses per week. The following data are available:Relevant ordering costs per purchase order $21.25Relevant insurance, materials handling, breakage,and so on, per year $ 2.5068) What is the economic order quantity for Owen-King Company?A) 325 lensesB) 297 lensesC) 210 lensesD) 161 lensesAnswer: DExplanation: D) EOQ = The square root of [(2 × 5,200 × $21.25) / (($20 × 30%) + $2.50)]EOQ = 161 lensesDiff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 4AACSB: Analytical skills69) What is the reorder point?A) 220.5 lensesB) 312.5 lensesC) 397.5 lensesD) 415.5 lensesAnswer: BExplanation: B) 125 lenses × 2.5 weeks = 312.5 lensesDiff: 2Terms: reorder pointObjective: 4AACSB: Analytical skillsThe following information applies to Labs Plus, which supplies microscopes to laboratories throughout the country. Labs Plus purchases the microscopes from a manufacturer which has a reputation for very high quality in its manufacturing operation.Annual demand (weekly demand= 1/52 of annual demand) 15,600 unitsOrders per year 20Lead time in days 15 daysCost of placing an order $10070) What are the annual relevant carrying costs, assuming each order was made at the economic-order-quantityamount?A) $200B) $1,000C) $2,000D) $6,000Answer: CExplanation: C) Annual carrying costs = annual ordering costs = $100 × 20 = $2,000Diff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ), carrying costsObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills71) What is the economic order quantity assuming each order was made at the economic-order-quantity amount?A) 15 unitsB) 20 unitsC) 780 unitsD) 1,040 unitsAnswer: CExplanation: C) 15,600/20 = 780Diff: 2Terms: economic order quantity (EOQ)Objective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills72) What is the reorder point?A) 780 unitsB) 643 unitsC) 1,560 unitsD) 1,680 unitsAnswer: BExplanation: B) 15,600/52 = 300/7 = 42.86 daily demand × 15 = 643Diff: 2Terms: reorder pointObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills。

《成本会计》（双语）试卷B一、单项选择题（每题1分，共20分）1.辅助生产费用的交互分配是指( )。

A.辅助生产费用在各辅助生产车间之间的分配B.辅助生产费用在各基本生产车间之间的分配C.辅助生产费用在各生产车间之间的分配D.辅助生产费用在辅助生产车间与基本生产车间之间的分配2.厂部发生的下列各项费用中，可以作为制造费用核算的是( )。

A.管理人员工资 B.房屋折旧费C.办公费D.设计制图费3.某车间采用按年度计划分配率分配法分配制造费用。

该车间全年制造费用计划为3780元。

全年各种产品的计划产量为：甲产品200件，乙产品400件；单件产品的工时定额为：甲产品5小时，乙产品2小时。

据此计算的该车间制造费用年度计划分配率是( )。

A.540 B.6.3 C.2.1 D.0.94.某产品4月份在生产过程中发现的不可修复废品的生产成本为800元，赔款为300元，回收废品残料的价值为100元。

据此计算的该产品4月份废品净损失是( )元。

A.1000 B.200 C.400 D.5005.甲产品月末在产品只计算原材料费用。

该产品月初在产品原材料费用为3600元；本月发生的原材料费用2100元。

原材料均在生产开始时一次投入。

本月完工产品200件，月末在产品100件。

据此计算的甲产品本月末在产品原材料费用是( )元。

A.5700 B.3800 C.2100 D.19006.各月在产品数量变动较大的情况下，采用在产品按定额成本计价法将生产费用在完工产品和在产品之间进行分配时，可能导致( )。

A.月初在产品成本为负数B.本月发生的生产费用为负数C.本月完工产品成本为负数D.月末在产品成本为负数7.区别各种产品成本计算基本方法的标志是( )。

A.成本管理要求B.成本计算期间C.成本计算对象D.间接费用的分配方法 8.下列方法中，属于产品成本计算辅助方法的是( )。

A.品种法 B.分类法 C.分步法 D.分批法9.某企业采用分批法计算产品成本，并把不同日期投产的产品作为不同的批别。

英语会计考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the basic equation of accounting?A. Assets = Liabilities + EquityB. Revenue - Expenses = ProfitC. Depreciation - Amortization = LossD. Cost of Goods Sold + Operating Expenses = Net Income答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a type of intangible asset?A. TrademarkB. PatentC. CopyrightD. Inventory答案：D3. The process of allocating the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life is known as:A. AmortizationB. DepreciationC. AccrualD. Provision答案：B4. What is the purpose of adjusting entries at the end of anaccounting period?A. To increase the company's profitB. To ensure the financial statements are accurate and up-to-dateC. To reduce the company's tax liabilityD. To prepare for the next accounting period答案：B5. The term "Double Entry Bookkeeping" refers to the practice of:A. Recording transactions twiceB. Recording debits and credits for every transactionC. Keeping two sets of booksD. Using two different accounting software答案：B...二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between "revenue recognition" and "matching principle".答案：Revenue recognition is the process of recognizing income in the accounting records as it is earned, regardless of when payment is received. The matching principle, on the other hand, is an accounting concept that requires expenses to be recognized in the same accounting period as the revenue they helped generate. This ensures that the financial statements reflect the actual performance of the business fora given period.2. What are the main components of a balance sheet?答案：The main components of a balance sheet are assets, liabilities, and equity. Assets represent what the company owns, liabilities represent what the company owes, and equity represents the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting liabilities....三、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. Given the following information for XYZ Corp., calculate the net income for the year ended December 31, 2023:- Sales revenue: $500,000- Cost of goods sold: $300,000- Operating expenses: $100,000- Depreciation expense: $20,000- Interest expense: $10,000答案：Net Income = Sales Revenue - (Cost of Goods Sold + Operating Expenses + Depreciation Expense + Interest Expense) Net Income = $500,000 - ($300,000 + $100,000 + $20,000 + $10,000)Net Income = $500,000 - $440,000Net Income = $60,0002. If a company purchased a machine for $50,000 and expectsit to have a useful life of 5 years with no residual value, calculate the annual depreciation expense using the straight-line method.答案：Annual Depreciation Expense = (Cost of Asset - Residual Value) / Useful LifeAnnual Depreciation Expense = ($50,000 - $0) / 5Annual Depreciation Expense = $10,000...结束语：希望这份英语会计考试题目及答案对您的学习和复习有所帮助。

会计专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not an accounting principle?A. Accrual BasisB. Going ConcernC. ConsistencyD. Cash BasisAnswer: D2. The process of summarizing, analyzing, and reporting financial data is known as:A. BudgetingB. AccountingC. AuditingD. TaxationAnswer: B3. What is the term used to describe the systematic and periodic recording of financial transactions?A. BookkeepingB. PayrollC. TaxationD. AuditingAnswer: A4. Which of the following is not a component of the balance sheet?A. AssetsB. LiabilitiesC. EquityD. RevenueAnswer: D5. The matching principle requires that:A. Expenses are recognized when incurredB. Expenses are recognized when paidC. Expenses are recognized in the same period as the revenue they generateD. Expenses are recognized when the cash is received Answer: C6. The accounting equation is:A. Assets = Liabilities + EquityB. Assets - Liabilities = EquityC. Assets + Equity = LiabilitiesD. Assets = Equity - LiabilitiesAnswer: A7. The term "double-entry bookkeeping" refers to the practice of:A. Recording transactions twiceB. Recording transactions in two accountsC. Recording debits and credits for every transactionD. Recording transactions in two different booksAnswer: C8. Which of the following is not a type of intangible asset?A. PatentsB. TrademarksC. GoodwillD. InventoryAnswer: D9. The purpose of an income statement is to show:A. The financial position of a company at a point in timeB. The changes in equity over a period of timeC. The financial performance of a company over a period of timeD. The cash flows of a company over a period of time Answer: C10. The statement of cash flows is used to report:A. How cash is generated and used during a periodB. The net income of a company for a periodC. The changes in equity for a periodD. The changes in assets and liabilities for a period Answer: A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The accounting cycle includes the following steps:journalizing, posting, __________, adjusting entries, and closing entries.Answer: trial balance2. The __________ principle requires that all business transactions should be recorded at their fair value in the accounting records.Answer: Fair Value3. The __________ is a summary of all the journal entries fora period, listed in date order.Answer: General Journal4. __________ are expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid.Answer: Accrued Expenses5. The __________ is a report that shows the beginning cash balance, cash receipts, cash payments, and the ending cash balance for a period.Answer: Cash Flow Statement6. The __________ ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.Answer: Current Ratio7. __________ are assets that are expected to be converted into cash or used up within one year or one operating cycle. Answer: Current Assets8. __________ is the process of determining the cost of goodssold and the value of ending inventory.Answer: Costing9. __________ is the process of estimating the useful life of an asset and allocating its cost over that period.Answer: Depreciation10. __________ is the process of adjusting the accounts to reflect the proper revenue and expenses for the period. Answer: Accrual Accounting三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between revenue and profit. Answer: Revenue is the income generated from the normal business activities of an entity during a specific period, before deducting expenses. Profit, on the other hand, is the excess of revenues and gains over expenses and losses for a period. It represents the net income or net earnings of a business.2. What are the main components of a balance sheet?Answer: The main components of a balance sheet are assets, liabilities, and equity. Assets represent what a company owns or controls with future economic benefit. Liabilities are obligations or debts that a company owes to others. Equity is the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its liabilities, representing the ownership interest of the shareholders.四、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. Calculate the net income for the year if the revenue is$500,000, the cost of goods sold is $300,000, operating expenses are $80,000, and other expenses are $20,000. Answer: Net Income = Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold - Operating。

Cost Accounting, 13e (Horngren et al.)Chapter 7 Flexible Budgets, Direct-Cost Variances, and Management Control1) The master budget is one type of flexible budget.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The master budget is a static budget.Diff: 1Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking2) A flexible budget is calculated at the start of the budget period.Answer: FALSEExplanation: A flexible budget is calculated at the end of the budget period when actual output is known.Diff: 1Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking3) Information regarding the causes of variances is provided when the master budget is compared with actualresults.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Little information regarding the causes of variances is provided when the master budget is compared with actual results because you are comparing a budget for one level of activity withactual costs for a different level of activity.Diff: 2Terms: varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking4) A variance is the difference between the actual cost for the current and previous year.Answer: FALSEExplanation: A variance is the difference between actual results and expected (or budgeted) performance.Diff: 2Terms: varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking5) A favorable variance results when budgeted revenues exceed actual revenues.Answer: FALSEExplanation: An unfavorable variance results when budgeted revenues exceed actual revenues.Diff: 2Terms: favorable varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking6) Management by exception is the practice of concentrating on areas not operating as anticipated (such as acost overrun) and placing less attention on areas operating as anticipated.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: management by exceptionObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking7) The essence of variance analysis is to capture a departure from what was expected.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking8) A favorable variance should be ignored by management.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Favorable variance investigation may lead to improved production methods, other discoveries for future opportunities, or not be good news at all and adversely affect other variances.Diff: 1Terms: favorable varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking9) An unfavorable variance may be due to poor planning rather than due to inefficiency.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: unfavorable varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Communication10) The only difference between the static budget and flexible budget is that the static budget is prepared usingplanned output.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: static budget, flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking11) The static-budget variance can be subdivided into the flexible-budget variance and the sales-volume variance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: static-budget variance, sales-volume variance, flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking12) The flexible-budget variance may be the result of inaccurate forecasting of units sold.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The sales-volume variance is the result of inaccurate forecasting of units sold.Diff: 3Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking13) Decreasing demand for a product may create a favorable sales-volume variance.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Decreasing demand for a product may create an unfavorable sales-volume variance.Diff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking14) An unfavorable variance is conclusive evidence of poor performance.Answer: FALSEExplanation: An unfavorable variance suggests further investigation, not conclusive evidence of poor performance.Diff: 2Terms: unfavorable varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking15) A company would not need to use a flexible budget if it had perfect foresight about actual output units.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking16) The flexible-budget variance pertaining to revenues is often called a selling-price variance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking17) Cost control is the focus of the sales-volume variance.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The sales-volume variance is not a measure of cost, but rather a measure of actual output units differing from budgeted output units.Diff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking18) The term efficiency variance is the direct-cost portion of the flexible-budget variance.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The flexible-budget variance for direct-cost inputs is subdivided into two detailed variances, the efficiency variance and the price variance.Diff: 1Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking19) Managers generally have more control over efficiency variances than price variances.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Efficiency variances are primarily affected by internal factors, whereas price changes may be influenced by market factors.Diff: 3Terms: efficiency variance, price varianceObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking20) To prepare budgets based on actual data from past periods is preferred since past inefficiencies are excluded.Answer: FALSEExplanation: A deficiency of using budgeted input quantity information based on actual quantity data from past periods is that past inefficiencies are included.Diff: 2Terms: static budgetObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking21) All budgets are based on standard costs.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Budgets may be based on standard costs, actual amounts from last year, or data from other companies.Diff: 2Terms: standard costObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking22) A standard is attainable through efficient operations but allows for normal disruptions such as machinebreakdowns and defective production.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3Terms: standard costObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking23) One advantage of using standard times to develop a budget is they are simple to compile, are based solely onthe past actual history, and do not require expected future changes to be taken into account.Answer: FALSEExplanation: An advantage of using standard times is they aim to take into account changes expected to occur in the budget period.Diff: 3Terms: standardObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking24) The presumed cause of a material price variance will determine how a company responds.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: price varianceObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking25) The price variance is the difference between the actual price and the budgeted price of the input, multipliedby the actual quantity of input.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: price varianceObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinkingand the budgeted quantity of input allowed to produce actual output, multiplied by the actual price.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The efficiency variance is the difference between actual quantity of input used and the budgeted quantity of input allowed to produce actual output, multiplied by the budgeted price.Diff: 1Terms: efficiency varianceObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking27) The use of high-quality raw materials is likely to result in a favorable efficiency variance and an unfavorableprice variance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: efficiency variance, price varianceObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking28) The direct manufacturing labor price variance is likely to be favorable if higher-skilled workers are put on ajob.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The direct manufacturing labor variance is likely to be unfavorable if higher-skilled workers are put on a job since they are usually also higher paid.Diff: 2Terms: price varianceObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking29) Although computed separately, price variances and efficiency variances should not be analyzed separatelyfrom each other.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: price variance, efficiency varianceObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking30) A favorable variance can be automatically interpreted as "good news."Answer: FALSEExplanation: A favorable variance may not be good news at all because it adversely affects other variances that increase total costs.Diff: 1Terms: favorable varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking31) Variances often affect each other.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Analytical skillscreativity and resourcefulness.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The most common outcome when variance analysis is used for performance evaluation is that managers seek targets that are easily attainable and avoid targets that require creativity andresourcefulness.Diff: 2Terms: varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Ethical reasoning33) When using variance for performance evaluation, managers often focus on effectiveness and efficiency astwo of the common attributes used in comparing expected results with actual results.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Ethical reasoning34) For critical items such as product defects, a small variance may prompt investigation.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Analytical skills35) A particular variance generally signals one particular problem.Answer: FALSEExplanation: There are many potential causes of a single variance.Diff: 1Terms: varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Analytical skills36) If budgets contain slack, cost variances will tend to be favorable.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: favorable varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Analytical skills37) Continuous improvement budgeted costs target price reductions and efficiency improvements.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: standard costObjective: 5AACSB: Analytical skillsperiod of time.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Improvement opportunities are easier to identify when products are first produced.Diff: 2Terms: varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking39) It is best to rely totally on financial performance measures rather than using a combination of financial andnonfinancial performance measures.Answer: FALSEExplanation: It is best to rely on a combination of financial and nonfinancial performance measures.Diff: 2Terms: varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking40) From the perspective of control, the direct materials price variance should be isolated at the time the directmaterials are requisitioned for use.Answer: FALSEExplanation: From the perspective of control, the direct materials price variance should be isolated at the earliest possible time, which is at the time of purchase, not of use.Diff: 2Terms: price varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking41) The goal of variance analysis is for managers to understand why variances arise, to learn, and to improvefuture performance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: varianceObjective: 5AACSB: Communication42) Employees logging in to production floor terminals and other modern technologies greatly facilitate the useof a standard costing system.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: standard costObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking43) Performance variance analysis can be used in activity-based costing systems.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: varianceObjective: 6AACSB: Reflective thinking44) Price variances can be calculated for batch-level costs as well as for output unit-level costs.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: price varianceObjective: 6AACSB: Reflective thinking45) Benchmarking is the continuous process of measuring products, services, and activities against the bestpossible levels of performance, either inside or outside the organization.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: benchmarkingObjective: 7AACSB: Reflective thinking46) When benchmarking, the best levels of performance are typically found in companies that are totallydifferent.Answer: FALSEExplanation: When benchmarking, the best levels of performance are typically found in competing companies or in companies having similar processes.Diff: 1Terms: benchmarkingObjective: 7AACSB: Reflective thinking47) One problem with benchmarking is ensuring that numbers are comparable.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: benchmarkingObjective: 7AACSB: Reflective thinking48) When benchmarking it is best when management accountants simply analyze the costs and allowmanagement to provide the insight as to why the revenues and costs differ between companies.Answer: FALSEExplanation: When benchmarking, management accountants are more valuable when they analyze the costs and also provide management with insight as to why the revenues and costs differ betweencompanies.Diff: 1Terms: benchmarkingObjective: 7AACSB: Communication49) The master budget is:A) a flexible budgetB) a static budgetC) developed at the end of the periodD) based on the actual level of outputAnswer: BDiff: 1Terms: static budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking50) A flexible budget:A) is another name for management by exceptionB) is developed at the end of the periodC) is based on the budgeted level of outputD) provides favorable operating resultsAnswer: BDiff: 1Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking51) Management by exception is the practice of concentrating on:A) the master budgetB) areas not operating as anticipatedC) favorable variancesD) unfavorable variancesAnswer: BDiff: 1Terms: management by exceptionObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking52) A variance is:A) the gap between an actual result and a benchmark amountB) the required number of inputs for one standard outputC) the difference between an actual result and a budgeted amountD) the difference between a budgeted amount and a standard amountAnswer: CDiff: 1Terms: varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking53) An unfavorable variance indicates that:A) actual costs are less than budgeted costsB) actual revenues exceed budgeted revenuesC) the actual amount decreased operating income relative to the budgeted amountD) All of these answers are correct.Answer: CDiff: 2Terms: unfavorable varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking54) A favorable variance indicates that:A) budgeted costs are less than actual costsB) actual revenues exceed budgeted revenuesC) the actual amount decreased operating income relative to the budgeted amountD) All of these answers are correct.Answer: BDiff: 2Terms: favorable varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinkingAnswer the following questions using the information below:Abernathy Corporation used the following data to evaluate their current operating system. The company sells items for $10 each and used a budgeted selling price of $10 per unit.Actual BudgetedUnits sold 92,000 units 90,000 unitsVariable costs $450,800 $432,000Fixed costs $ 95,000 $100,00055) What is the static-budget variance of revenues?A) $20,000 favorableB) $20,000 unfavorableC) $2,000 favorableD) $2,000 unfavorableAnswer: AExplanation: A) (92,000 units × $10) - (90,000 units × $10) = $20,000 FDiff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills56) What is the static-budget variance of variable costs?A) $1,200 favorableB) $18,800 unfavorableC) $20,000 favorableD) $1,200 unfavorableAnswer: BExplanation: B) $450,800 - $432,000 = $18,800 UDiff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills57) What is the static-budget variance of operating income?A) $3,800 favorableB) $3,800 unfavorableC) $6,200 favorableD) $6,200 unfavorableAnswer: CExplanation: C) Actual Static Static-budgetResults Budget VarianceUnits sold 92,000 90,000Revenues $920,000 $900,000 $20,000 FVariable costs 450,800 432,000 18,800 UContribution margin $469,200 $468,000 1,200 FFixed costs 95,000 100,000 (5,000) FOperating income $374,200 $368,000 $6,200 F Diff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skillsAnswer the following questions using the information below:Bates Corporation used the following data to evaluate their current operating system. The company sells items for $10 each and used a budgeted selling price of $10 per unit.Actual BudgetedUnits sold 495,000 units 500,000 unitsVariable costs $1,250,000 $1,500,000Fixed costs $ 925,000 $ 900,00058) What is the static-budget variance of revenues?A) $50,000 favorableB) $50,000 unfavorableC) $5,000 favorableD) $5,000 unfavorableAnswer: BExplanation: B) (495,000 units × $10) - (500,000 units × $10) = $50,000 UDiff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills59) What is the static-budget variance of variable costs?A) $200,000 favorableB) $50,000 unfavorableC) $250,000 favorableD) $250,000 unfavorableAnswer: CExplanation: C) $1,250,000 - $1,500,000= $250,000 FDiff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills60) What is the static-budget variance of operating income?A) $175,000 favorableB) $195,000 unfavorableC) $225,000 favorableD) $325,000 unfavorableAnswer: AExplanation: A) Actual Static Static-budgetResults Budget VarianceUnits sold 495,000 500,000Revenues $4,950,000 $5,000,000 $(50,000) UVariable costs 1,250,000 1,500,000 (250,000) FContribution margin $3,700,000 $3,500,000 200,000 FFixed costs 925,000 900,000 25,000 UOperating income $2,775,000 $2,600,000 $175,000 F Diff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skillsAnswer the following questions using the information below:Racine Filter Corporation used the following data to evaluate their current operating system. The company sells items for $14.50 each and had used a budgeted selling price of $15 per unit.Actual BudgetedUnits sold 206,000 units 200,000 unitsVariable costs $965,000 $950,000Fixed costs $ 53,000 $ 50,00061) What is the static-budget variance of revenues?A) $90,000 favorableB) $13,000 favorableC) $13,000 unfavorableD) $6,000 favorableAnswer: CExplanation: C) (206,000 units × $14.50) - (200,000 units × $15) = $13,000 UDiff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills62) What is the static-budget variance of variable costs?A) $13,000 favorableB) $13,000 unfavorableC) $15,000 favorableD) $15,000 unfavorableAnswer: DExplanation: D) $965,000 - $950,000= $15,000 UDiff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills63) What is the static-budget variance of operating income?A) $31,000 unfavorableB) $26,000 favorableC) $28,000 favorableD) $28,000 unfavorableAnswer: AExplanation: A) Actual Static Static-budgetResults Budget VarianceUnits sold 202,000 200,000Revenues $2,987,000 $3,000,000 $(13,000) UVariable costs 965,000 950,000 (15,000) UContribution margin $2,022,000 $2,050,000 28,000 UFixed costs 53,000 50,000 3,000 UOperating income $ 1,969,000 $2,000,000 $31,000 U Diff: 2Terms: static-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills64) Regier Company had planned for operating income of $10 million in the master budget but actually achievedoperating income of only $7 million.A) The static-budget variance for operating income is $3 million favorable.B) The static-budget variance for operating income is $3 million unfavorable.C) The flexible-budget variance for operating income is $3 million favorable.D) The flexible-budget variance for operating income is $3 million unfavorable.Answer: BDiff: 2Terms: static-budget variance, flexible-budget varianceObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills65) The flexible budget contains:A) budgeted amounts for actual outputB) budgeted amounts for planned outputC) actual costs for actual outputD) actual costs for planned outputAnswer: ADiff: 1Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking66) The following items are the same for the flexible budget and the master budget EXCEPT the same:A) variable cost per unitB) total fixed costsC) units soldD) sales price per unitAnswer: CDiff: 2Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking67) The sales-volume variance is due to:A) using a different selling price from that budgetedB) inaccurate forecasting of units soldC) poor production performanceD) Both A and B are correct.Answer: BDiff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking68) An unfavorable sales-volume variance could result from:A) decreased demand for the productB) competitors taking market shareC) customer dissatisfaction with the productD) All of these answers are correct.Answer: DDiff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking69) If a sales-volume variance was caused by poor-quality products, then the ________ would be in the bestposition to explain the variance.A) production managerB) sales managerC) purchasing managerD) management accountantAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking70) The variance that is BEST for measuring operating performance is the:A) static-budget varianceB) flexible-budget varianceC) sales-volume varianceD) selling-price varianceAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking71) An unfavorable flexible-budget variance for variable costs may be the result of:A) using more input quantities than were budgetedB) paying higher prices for inputs than were budgetedC) selling output at a higher selling price than budgetedD) Both A and B are correct.Answer: DDiff: 3Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking72) An unfavorable variance:A) may suggest investigation is neededB) is conclusive evidence of poor performanceC) demands that standards be recomputedD) indicates continuous improvement is neededAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: unfavorable varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking73) All of the following are needed to prepare a flexible budget EXCEPT determining the:A) budgeted variable cost per output unitB) budgeted fixed costsC) actual selling price per unitD) actual quantity of output unitsAnswer: CDiff: 3Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking74) The variance that LEAST affects cost control is the:A) flexible-budget varianceB) direct-material-price varianceC) sales-volume varianceD) direct manufacturing labor efficiency varianceAnswer: CDiff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking75) A flexible-budget variance is $800 favorable for unit-related costs. This indicates that costs were:A) $800 more than the master budgetB) $800 less than for the planned level of activityC) $800 more than standard for the achieved level of activityD) $800 less than standard for the achieved level of activityAnswer: DDiff: 2Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skillsAnswer the following questions using the information below:JJ White planned to use $82 of material per unit but actually used $80 of material per unit, and planned to make 1,200 units but actually made 1,000 units.76) The flexible-budget amount is:A) $80,000B) $82,000C) $96,000D) $98,400Answer: BExplanation: B) 1,000 units × $82 = $82,000Diff: 2Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills77) The flexible-budget variance is:A) $2,000 favorableB) $14,000 unfavorableC) $16,400 unfavorableD) $2,400 favorableAnswer: AExplanation: A) ($80 - $82) × 1,000 = $2,000 FDiff: 2Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills78) The sales-volume variance is:A) $2,000 favorableB) $14,000 unfavorableC) $16,400 unfavorableD) $2,400 favorableAnswer: CExplanation: C) (1,000 - 1,200) × $82 = $16,400 UDiff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills79) Aebi Corporation currently produces cardboard boxes in an automated process. Expected production permonth is 20,000 units, direct-material costs are $0.60 per unit, and manufacturing overhead costs are $9,000per month. Manufacturing overhead is allocated based on units of production. What is the flexible budgetfor 10,000 and 20,000 units, respectively?A) $10,500; $16,500B) $10,500; $21,000C) $15,000; $21,000D) None of these answers are correct.Answer: CExplanation: C) 10,000 units 20,000 unitsMaterials ($0.60) $ 6,000 $12,000Machinery 9,000 9,000$15,000 $21,000Diff: 2Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skillsAnswer the following questions using the information below:McKenna Incorporated planned to use $24 of material per unit but actually used $25 of material per unit, and planned to make 1,000 units but actually made 1,200 units.80) The flexible-budget amount is:A) $24,000B) $25,000C) $28,800D) $30,000Answer: CExplanation: C) 1,200 units × $24 = $28,800Diff: 2Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills81) The flexible-budget variance is:A) $4,800 favorableB) $1,200 unfavorableC) $5,000 unfavorableD) $6,000 favorableAnswer: BExplanation: B) ($25 - $24) × 1,200 = $1,200 UDiff: 2Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills82) The sales-volume variance is:A) $4,800 favorableB) $1,200 unfavorableC) $5,000 unfavorableD) $6,000 favorableAnswer: AExplanation: A) (1,200 - 1,000) × $24 = $4,800 FDiff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skillsAnswer the following questions using the information below:Seldon Incorporated planned to use $37.50 of material per unit but actually used $36.75 of material per unit, and planned to make 900 units but actually made 800 units.83) The flexible-budget amount is:A) $30,000B) $33,750C) $29,400D) $600Answer: AExplanation: A) 800 units × $37.50 = $30,000Diff: 2Terms: flexible budgetObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills84) The flexible-budget variance is:A) $3,750 favorableB) $3,750 unfavorableC) $600 unfavorableD) $600 favorableAnswer: DExplanation: D) ($36.75 - $37.50) × 800 = $600 FDiff: 2Terms: flexible-budget varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills85) The sales-volume variance is:A) $3,750 favorableB) $3,750 unfavorableC) $600 unfavorableD) $600 favorableAnswer: BExplanation: B) (800 - 900) × $37.50 = $3,750 UDiff: 2Terms: sales-volume varianceObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills。