傲慢与偏见读后感----婚姻与爱情的平衡
作者个人简介:奥斯丁(1775-1817)英国著名女性女小说家。出生于英国的小乡镇史蒂文顿。父亲是乡村牧师。她没有讲过正规学校,在家由父母指导学习,所受教育大多是阅读古典文学作品和流行小说。她终身未婚,家境小康,长期居住乡村,生活圈子较狭窄。她20岁左右开始写作,共发表6部长篇小说:《理智和情感》(1811)、《傲慢与偏见》(1813)、《曼斯非尔德花园》(1814)、《爱玛》(1815)、《诺桑学寺》(1818)和《劝导》(1818)。奥斯丁的小说以女性的细腻和敏锐描绘了她所熟悉的狭小世界;有资产阶级恬静舒适的田园生活,绅士淑女的爱情和婚姻。她的代小说中没有可怕的祸和重大的矛盾;只有日常生活中的风波和人物之间的喜剧冲突,格调轻松诙谐。她的作品主要是关注乡绅家庭女性的婚姻和生活。以女女性特有的细致入微的观察力和活泼风趣的文字真实的描述了她周围世界的小天地。她的代表作是《傲慢与偏见》和《爱玛》,其中尢以《傲慢与偏见》影响最大。这部小说表达了她的婚姻观,既反对为金钱而结婚,也反对把结婚当儿戏,小说情节曲折,富有喜剧性,语言流畅,机智幽默,深受读者喜受。
背景介绍:18世纪70年代以后,英国文学中有40年左右没有出现过第一流的小说作家和作品,社会上充斥着庸俗无聊的“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”。奥斯丁的小说破旧立新,一反常规的展现了当时尚无受到资本主义革命冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光,她的作品往往通过戏剧性的场面嘲讽人们的愚蠢,自私,势力和盲目自信等可笑的缺点。奥斯丁的小说出现在19世纪初期。一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流,继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统。为19世纪现实主义的高潮做了准备。虽然其作品反应的广度和深度有限。但她的作品从一个小窗口窥探到整个社会形态和人情世故。对改变当时小说创作中的庸俗风气起了很好的作用。在英国小说的发展史上有承上启下的意义。被誉为“可与莎士比亚平起平坐”的作家。
傲慢与偏见赏析
在高中的时候,我就已经阅读了中文版的《傲慢与偏见》。当时只是当做一个故事来读,并没有了解其中的深刻意义与影响。而上了大学,学习了英美文学赏析,我再次将英文版的傲慢与偏见阅读了一遍,也看过了电影版本。才开始从文学的角度来赏析这篇文章。《傲慢与偏见》是简.奥斯丁的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材,一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法,生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。
书中的女主人公伊丽莎白出身于小地主家庭,富豪子弟达西非常爱慕伊莉莎白。达西不顾门第和财富的差距,向她求婚,却遭到拒绝。因为伊丽莎白听信谗言对他产生了误会和偏见,而且达西也表现出了富豪子弟的傲慢态度。使伊莉莎白非常讨厌达西。但是在后来,达西无私的帮助伊莉莎白的家庭摆脱了困境,伊莉莎白知也道了以前关于达西的坏话只是谣传。伊莉莎白开始对达西的态度改变了。而达西也改变了傲慢的态度。他们终于消除误会,相互信任和接受了。
文中还提到了伊丽莎白的好朋友夏绿蒂和柯林斯,柯斯林有富足的生活,他一
开始认为自己生活富足,想找一位美丽的太太。向伊莉莎白求婚,但是遭到了伊莉莎白的拒绝。而伊莉莎白的好友夏绿蒂被金钱吸引,嫁给了柯斯林。她们直接没有爱情基础,只有富足的生活。而伊莉莎白的妈妈也一直期待着把女儿们嫁到有钱的人家。这种婚姻实际上是掩盖在华丽外衣下的社会悲剧。而伊莉莎白的姐姐也跟伊莉莎白一样,持有正确的爱情观念。终于等到了心爱的人。这个故事也反映了了作者本人的婚姻观:为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的。同时,她也强调理想婚姻的重要性,并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。从小说看,伊丽莎白聪敏机智,有胆识,有远见,有很强的自尊心,并善于思考问题。就当时一个待字闺中的小姐来讲,这是难能可贵的。正是由于这种品质,才使她在爱情问题上有独立的主见,并导致她与达西组成美满的家庭。因此,作者既反对为金钱而结婚。也反对把婚姻当儿戏。
傲慢与偏见被评为对女性影响最大的文学作品之一。起初达西的傲慢实际上
是地位差异的反映,只要存在这种傲慢,他与伊丽莎白之间就不可能有共同
的思想感情,也不可能有理想的婚姻。以后伊丽莎白亲眼观察了达西的为人处世和一系列所作所为,特别是看到他改变了过去那种骄傲自负的神态,消除了对他的误会和偏见,从而与他缔结了美满姻缘。伊丽莎白对达西先后几次求婚的不同态度,实际上反映了女性对人格独立和平等权利的追求,歌颂了摆脱一切旧的习俗和偏见、扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础上的真挚爱情。这是伊丽莎白这一人物形象的进步意义。
这部小说非常有特色,不仅在于剧情,作者的写作手法也丰富多彩。使文字具有个性。特别是讽刺手法的运用和对话的运用显得非常的独树一帜。奥斯丁的讽刺艺术,不仅表现在某些人物的喜剧性格上,也不仅表现在众多情节的戏剧性处理上,而且还融汇在整个故事的反讽构思中。让现实对人们的主观臆想进行嘲讽。男主角达西最初断定,贝内特家有那么多不利因素,几个女儿很难找到有地位的男人。可后来恰恰是他娶了伊莉莎白。而伊莉莎白,曾经发誓绝对不嫁给达西,可最后她还是做了达西夫人。再看看那个不可一世的凯瑟琳.德布尔夫人,为了阻止伊莉莎白与她外甥达西攀亲,她不辞辛劳,亲自出马,先是跑来吓走伊莉莎白,继而跑去训诫达西。殊不知,正是她这次奔走,为两位默默相恋的青年通了信息。促成了他们的美满结合。而更令人啼笑皆非的是,就在这几位“智者”收到现实嘲弄的同时,书中那位最可笑的“愚人”贝内特太太,最后却被证明是最正确的。她认为:“有钱的单身汉总是要娶一位太太。这是一条举世公认的真理。”。这种荒谬与真实的滑稽转换,尽管超越了一般意义上的是非观念,但确体现了作者对生活的深刻思索。对话是文学创作塑造人物形象的基本材料和基本手段。奥斯丁在创造人物形象时,一方面注意运用对话来刻画人物形象,另一方面又善于利用说话人、听话人、读者在动机和理解上的差异,制造多层次语调。致使她的对话具有鲜明生动、富有个性,又含义丰富、耐人寻味两大特色。例如第一卷第十章,达西趁宾利小姐弹起一支苏格兰小曲的当儿,邀请伊莉莎白跳舞,:“贝内特小姐,你是不是很想抓住这个机会跳一曲里尔舞?”达西说这话虽然有些傲慢(“很想抓住”四个字足以证明这点),但是他主观上还是想讨好伊莉莎白,可是伊莉莎白听起来却不以为然,她认为里尔舞是一种乡土舞,达西请她跳这种舞,是想蔑视她的“低级趣味”,于是正颜厉色的说道:“我压根儿不想跳里尔舞——现在,你是好样的就蔑视我吧!”达西回答了一声:“实在
不敢。”这句话可能做出多层解释:伊莉莎白仅仅看做对方是在献殷勤,宾利
小姐可能理解成想结良缘的表示,而读者只要多读几段便会发现,达西心里可能在想:“这位迷人的小姐着实厉害,我这次只得认输,以后还要谨慎从事。”类似这种
微妙的对话,在小说里还有很多。奥斯丁在《诺桑觉寺》第五章,曾用饱含热情的语言赞扬了新小说:“…总而言之,只是这样一些作品,在这些作品中,智慧的伟力得到了最充分的施展,因而,对人性最透彻的理解,对其千姿百态的恰如其分的描述,四处洋溢的机智幽默,所有这一切都是用最精湛的语言展现出来”。
Pride and Prejudice Appreciation -- the balance of love and
marriage
About the author: Austin (1775-1817) famous British female novelist. She was born in a British small town Steventon.Her father was a village priest. She has not entered regular school but studied at home guided by her parents. The education she received was mostly reading classical literature and popular fiction. She has never got married.Her family was well-off and long-term living in village with a narrow surroundings of life. She began writing novels at about 20 years old.She has published 6 novels in total: 《reason and emotion》(1811)、《Pride and Prejudice》(1813)、《Mansfield Garden》(1814)、《Emma》(1815 )、《Northumberland School Temple》(1818) and 《Persuasion》(1818). Austen's novels represented the small world of her familiar with women's careful and sensitive and vivacious words. Theres not only the quiet and comfort of the leisure rural life of the capitalist class.But also ladies and gentlemens' love and marriage. There has no terrible disaster and major
contradictions in her novels but only daily life’s comed y turmoil and conflict between characters.The style is easy with a sense of humor. Her novels are mainly concerned about the gentry women's marriage and
family life.With Female -specific nuanced observation and lively wit of the text she descriped the real view around her small world. Her representative work is 《Pride and Prejudice》and《Emma》. Especially 《Pride and Prejudice》has the greatest impact. This novel expresses her views on marriage:not only opposes marriage for money. But also opposes marriage as a trifling matter.The novel plot twists and turns. full of comedy. wit and full of humor.is widely loved by the readers.
Background imformations: after the 18th 70s.There have been no
first-class works of fiction writers in English literature for 40 years and the society is filled with vulgar and boring "sentimental novel" and "Gothic Novel." Austen's novels was a new style.Unconventional showed English country middle calss’daily life and rural scenery of the time when there has no impact by the capitalist revolution.Her works often sneer at Human’ ridiculous Shortcomings such a s
folly.selfishness.snobbish.blindness and so on. Austen's novel appeared in the early 19th century. Swept the popular trend at that time --False romanticism. Inherited and developed the excellent
18th-century British realist tradition. Made preparations for the climax of the 19th century. Although the breadth and depth of its work her novels reflects is limited. But her works glimped into the social patterns and ways of the world
from a small window and have a very good impacts on changing the vulgar writing atmosphere. It’s a connecting link between the preceding and the
following on the History of the development of English novel.She was
honoured as "a writer equal footing with Shakespeare."
Pride and Prejudice Appreciatio
it was In high school that I first read the book 《Pride and Prejudice》in chinese version. But I just read it as a story without understanding its significance and impact. When entered college and learned English and American literature appreciation. I read the English version of 《Pride and Prejudice》once again and also have seen the film version.I began to appreciat this novel From the literary point of view. 《Pride and Prejudice》is Jane. Austen's representative work. This work is diffirent with the popular anti-sentimental novel writing
atmosphere and the artificial methods. Vividly reflected an
occasion of a village life in the conservative and seal off British town during the late 18th and early 19th century .
The book's female leading role Elizabeth was born in family of
small landowners. T he rich’s children Darcy loves Elizabeth very much . Darcy
proposed to elizabeth regardless of family status and wealth gap
but only
ended up with rejection. Elizabeth hols a misunderstanding and prejudice
attitude towards him because she trusted the rumour against him.
And Darcy
also showed the arrogance of rich which made Elizabeth much more annoying to Darcy. But later on. Darcy helped elizabeth’s fam ily out of trouble selfishless. Elizabeth also known the bad things about Darcy previously was only rumors. Elizabeth's attitude towards Darcy began to change and Darcy also changed his arrogantive attitude. They finally eliminate misunderstanding and trust and accept each other.
The article also mentioned Elizabeth’s good friend Charlotte and Collins. Collins lives a prosperous life and he is looking forward to a beautiful wife so he proposed to Elizabeth.Elizabeth rejected him.But Elizabeth's friend Charlotte was attracted by money and married Collins. They do not love other.But only got married on the base of the economy. Elizabeth's mother has been looking forward to marry her daughters to rich families.This kind of marrige is actually a tragedy covered up in the gorgeous outfit. Elizabeth’big sister hold the same right concept of love with elizabeth and finally married a loved one. This story also reflects the author's views on marriage: it is wrong of people to get marrid just because of money and status. She also stressed the importance of an ideal marriage. And insisted the feelings of both men and women as the foundation of an ideal marriage. In the novel.Elizabeth is intelligent 、witty、courage、vision、strong self-esteem and good at thinking.It is esteemable for an unmarried young lady to be so wisedom. It was just this quality that allows her to have her own judgement towars love and led her to
form a happy family with Darcy. Therefore.The auther not only opposes marriage for money but Also opposed the marriage lightly.
Pride and Prejudice was honoured as one of the greatest novels which have great impact on women's life. At first. Darcy's arrogance is actually a reflection of the differences in status.As long as the existence of such arrogance. He and Elizabeth can not have common thoughts and feelings and can not have the ideal marriage. Elizabeth sees darcy’s changes on interaction with others and a series of other things with her own eyes. Especially he changed his arrogant Attitude at last. And finally eliminating the misunderstanding and prejudice against him.So they can have a happy marriage. Elizabeth’ diffirent reaction to darcy’s asking for marriage in diffirent time in fact shows women’s pursuit on personal independence and equal rights. Eulogized the true love which has get rid of the old customs and prejudices and was rooted in mutual understanding and respect. This is the image of the character Elizabeth’ progressive. This novel is very unique not only because the plot.The author's writing style is also colorful So that the text was distinctive .It was the use of the sarcasm and the dialogue made this novel develop a school of her's own.Austen's satirical art. Not only represented on the comedy character of some peoples and the handling of a number of dramatic plots. But also mixed together With the irony conception of the whole story. Let the reality laugh at people’s subjective imaginethe. The hero Darcy initially concluded that the Bennett family has so many negative factors that
the daughers are hard to marry to honourable men. But it was just him that married Elizabeth at last. And Elizabeth has once sweared not to marry Darcy but she become Mrs. Darcy at last. Look at the mighty mrs Catherine DeBoer. In order to prevent elibeth to claim kinship with her nephew Darcy. She tirelessly and personally first came to frighten Elizabeth and then went to reprimand Darcy. As everyone knows. It was
just her that give the two young people who have fall in love silently informations and Contribu ted to their happy combination. But what’s more ironic is that at the same time when several "wise" was mocked by the reality. The most ridiculous "foolish" Mrs. Bennett. Finally has proved to be the most correct. She thinks: "rich bachelors always want
to marry a wife. This is one of the universally acknowledged truth." Although This kind of transition between ridiculous and real funny is beyond the general sense of right and wrong. But it does reflect th auther’s profound thought of the life. Dialogue is the basic materials and basic tools on shaping literary characters. When Austin is in the creation of characters on one hand she pays attention to the use of dialogue to describe the characters. On the other hand she is good at using the speaker.、The listener、reader’s motivation and understanding differences to create multi-level tone.So that her conversation is vivid. Full of personality. And also afford for thought . For example. Volume I Chapter 10. When Miss Bingley is playing a Scottish ballad.Darcy aseked Elizabeth to dance: "Miss Bennett. You really want to seize this opportunity to dance a Lille Dance.Aren't you? "Darcy said this with
some arrogant (" you really want to seize " sufficiently proved
this point). But subjectively he still want to please Elizabeth.But Elizabeth thinks it's a kind of provoke.She thinks tha lille dance is a kind of country dance. Darcy asked her to dance lille is to despise her "bad taste". So she said seriously : "I simply did not want to dance dance Lille - now you are good to show contempt for me! "Darcy answered loudly:" dare not to . "This sentence may make multiple explanation: Elizabeth just regard it as darcy was play up to her. Miss Bingley could understood it to a expression of asking for happy conbinenation.But as long as the reader read more they can find that Darcy may be thinking:
"This charming young lady is really sharp. I had to give up this
time.And I should be careful later on ." There’s many subtle dialogue similar to this one. Austen once praised the new novel with the language full of enthusiasm in 《Northanger Abbey》Chapter 5: ". All in all. Only these works. The wisdom of great power has been most fully displayed . So the most thorough understanding of human nature. Its right
description to its mixture. Witty humor everywhere all of which are show up by the most exquisite language. "