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英语语法知识点速记技巧1

英语语法知识点速记技巧1
英语语法知识点速记技巧1

学习外语第一步要明确英文句子的结构,明白了结构你就会很自如的掌握英语了。

英语句子的结构非常简单,无论何时记住结构,记住单词你就能看懂文章,然后你就能把题做对了。

所谓结构就是句子的构成,下面就讲结构。

主语(Subject)+ 谓语(Predicate)[+ 状语(Adverbial)]

主语加谓语就组成了英文句子。例如:

Man dies. 人固有一死Man 是主语dies是谓语(也叫谓语动词),这样一句话就成立了。He came. 他来了。He是主语came是谓语(为什么不用come或comes,因为英文有时态,将过去的事就用came。),这样一句话就成立了。

The man | died [in a hospital yesterday afternoon.]

主语谓语+ 状语(地点+时间)

所以,第一步要知道词性:主语是什么,谓语是什么,状语是什么。

很简单:主语就是:说话人要表达的主题,动作的行为者/状态的表现者。

谓语就是:主语要做的动作/或表现和所处的状态。

状语就是:修饰动作的词/或词组/或句子。

主语的构成:说话人要表达的主题,动作的行为者/状态的表现者。

谓语的构成:do和be + 表语

I go. I am well. I是主语go 是谓语。I 是主语am well是谓语(即系动词+表语)。

I often beat my son. 我经常打我儿子。I主语often状语beat谓语(动词)my son 宾语.

英语结构完了。

第二步要记住英语的五个句型,熟练掌握了这些句型你就看懂了所有的英文句子。当然单词你得记住(可以借助字典)。

第一个句型

S+V主语+不及物动词(自动词)。以自动词为中心而构成的句型。(可分为十组)I can sing and dance.

A bird can fly.

Children are playing.

第二个句型

S+V+C主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构):是以系动词为中心构成的句型。(系动词根据其所表达的意义大致分为三类。)

第一类系动词(以be为代表)表示主语是何种身份,处于某种状态或具备某种性质: be, appear, feel, eat, go, lie, prove, look, sound, seem, taste, smell, ring, stand, etc.

He is a teacher. She appears young. Sea water tastes nasty / salty / sweet / delicious. His feet feel cold. He often went hungry. Her eyes looked red. You smell wine. Your socks smell stinky. You have smelly feet. Foot odor can be embarrassing. It sounds a good idea. The method proved highly effective. His words rang true. It sounds a good

idea. The trouble lies in the engine. The paper lies scattered/still. The room stands idle. They stand ready/still. The sausage eats well. He stands perplexed. Please rest assured that …

第二类系动词(以remain为代表)表示主语保持某种状态或继续具备某种性质:remain, continue, hold, stay, rest, keep,

He remains silent. The weather continued calm. The sales hold steady. You must keep quiet. The matter cannot rest here. He stays young. We must keep in touch. Keep still. The weather continued calm. The argument/passport still holds good/valid. The affair rests a riddle. 前两类系动词都属于现状系动词(current copulas)。

第三类系动词(以become为代表)表示主语进入某种状态或取得某种性质, 这类动词属于结果系动词(resulting copulas):become older, come true, get ready, go sour, grow tired, fall sick, run wild, turn sour, turn doctor, etc.

可以做表语的有:名词,形容词,形容词短语,代词,副词,现在分词,过去分词,介词短语,不定式,从句。

注意:现在分词作表语,多半表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词作表语时,多半表示主语所处的状态。形容词短语有两种:一种是形容词位于附加词之前,如:afraid of death. 另一种是形容词位于附加词之后, 数词+量词+形容词,如:The river is ten metres wide。She is disappointing. She is / looked disappointed.

第三个句型

S+V+O主语+及物动词+宾语。构成宾语的,都是名词和名词等同语。任何词语或句子一旦用作宾语,他就变成了名词的等同语,即起名词的作用。

S+V+Noun. He likes fish.

S+V+pronoun. I like her.

S+V+to infinitive. She agreed to help us.

S+V+doing. He likes watching TV in bed.

第四个句型

S+V+O+O主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。

间接宾语通常指人,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的。(当然,间接宾语也有指物的。)间接宾语通常放在直接宾语的前面。【只有授予动词才能接用两个宾语。授予动词可以细分为七类(前四类为纲)。】

第一类:有授予意味的授予动词:to give, 给afford, 给予,给…提供allow, 同意给予promise, 答应给予lend, 借给…使用send, 给…发pass, 传给hand, 交给,传给bring, 给…带来throw,把…扔给…take,把…给…那去

第二类:被告知意味的授予动词:to tell 告诉,给…讲…,teach, 教给,给教show, 把…给…看sing, 唱…给…听write,写…给… read, 把…读给…play, 给…演奏…ask问谁什么事remind, 提醒谁什么事

第三类:有贡献意味的授予动词:to do给予, render报答,归还,给予,提供, offer 提供,奉献make, 给谁做什么To do us a favour. To do us a lot of good/ no harm. To render him his due reward/ you a service / us great help.

第四类:有得失意味的授予动词: To buy, leave, get, win, gain, lose,

【第五类:有的他动词需要跟双宾语,在这种情况下,一般避免使用直接宾语和间接宾语这两个名称,而改称为第一宾语和第二宾语。To save sby sth; to envy sb

sth; to forgive sb sth; to strike sb sth; to ask sb sth: to save us a lot of trouble. 省去我们许多麻烦。To envy you your fine garden. 我羡慕你的美好的花园。To forgive him his mistake. 原谅了他的错误。To strike the enemy a heavy blow. 给敌人一个沉重的打击。To ask him a question.

第六类:当直接宾语是“连接代(副)词+不定式”时,就不能把间接宾语移到直接宾语的后面。To tell him when to start for Shanghai. To show her where to find them. To tell me what to do next. To advise you which to buy. To tell me why to go. To tell me whether to come or not. 上面的短语“疑问词+不定式”可以改为其主语和主句宾语不一致的从句,本句才能成立。Tell me why you will go. Tell him when you will start for Shanghai.

第七类:当直接宾语是“that+从句”和连接代副词引导的从句时,不能把间接宾语移到直接宾语的后面。She told me that she did not know it. I warned you that he would be late. I can tell you how high it is. She told me which book she had read. She taught us how she should drive a car.】

第五个句型

S+V+O+C主语+谓语+宾语+表语。英文有的句子虽然有了宾语,还是不能使意思完全,必须加上一个补足语来补充宾语的意思才行。这个补充宾语的词语叫做宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上有一种主谓关系或主表关系。宾语和宾语补足语简称为复合宾语。这些动词都表示“作为,使成,变成,变得”等意思。

1. 名词或代词做宾语补足语:We consider Bill宾语a friend名词补语. The king made him a duke. We thought her quite a clever girl. We call him Lin Ming.

2. 形容词作宾语补足语:She cut her hair宾语short形容词补语. Mary wiped the table dry/ clean.

3. 介词短语做宾语补足语:People recognized him宾语as a genius介词短语补语.

4. 宾语+介词+形容词短语:The teacher described him宾语as hopeless形容词短语补语.

5. 带“to” 的不定式作宾语补语(也称复合宾语):I want him to come here at once. Your teacher expects you to study hard. I warned him not to be late.

6. 不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语:I saw him go into the house. We heard her sing songs.

7. 现在分词作宾语补足语,表示分词正在进行的动作:You can hear the children playing games / see your friends waving to you / watch Mr. Smith painting his house.

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2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如:If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时,可以省略if, 把它们前置。

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小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳

小学英语语法汇总 一、时态 1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有时,always 总是,”等词。 (1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now现在, look看,linsen听”. (2)基本形式:be + 动词ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? (1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last …上一个…, just now刚才, a moment ago刚才,yesterday 昨天”等词。 (2)be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were

不规则动词的变化: 原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 4.一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。 结构:be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形 例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week. 三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词:+ s a book –books 2.辅音字母加y结尾:- y+ ies a story—stories 3.以s, x,sh, ch ,结尾:+ es a glass—glasses;a watch-watches 4.以f或fe结尾:- f 或fe 变为ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名词复数 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四、不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee 五、缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got) it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will 六、a. an .the的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach,a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg,an hour,an “F” 2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。 七、介词 1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.,under 2.表示时间: (1)at : 几点前面用at如:at si x o’clock, 没有day的节日前用at如:at Christmas, 固定词组at the weekends ,at night

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