定语从句讲解及练习
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……
它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
注：that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.
(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g) 为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略
(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。
3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he
wanted when he grew up.
注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、whom 、whose
1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.
2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.
3. The man __________ you went to see has come.
4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.
6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.
7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.
8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.
9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.
10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
11. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
12. A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.
13. This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.
14. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.
15. The book ____________ is on the table is mine.
16. The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.
17. I will never forget the people and the places _____I have ever visited.
18. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?
19. Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.
20. The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.
三、单项选择
( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
( ) 2. What’s the name of the program________.
A. which are listening
B. you are listening to
C. to that you are listening
D. that you are listening
( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.
A. in which
B. in that this
C. all that
D. in everything
( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.
A. whom
B. whose
C. that
D. which
( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.
A. where
B. in which
C. which
D. in that
( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. who
( ) 7. Do you know the student_____?
A. whom I often talk
B. with who I often talk
C. I often talk with
D. that I often talk
( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.
A. whose
B. who’s
C. it's
D. its
( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?
A. what I need
B.I need
C. which I need it
D. that I need it
( )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.
A. who
B. to whom
C. whom
D. that
练习(二)
1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.
A. which
B. what
C. as
D. those
5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. in that
6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
A. at which
B. on that
C. in which
D. of what
7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
A. how you have observed
B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed
D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
A. all which
B. that
C. all that
D. which
10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose
B. of which
C. in which
D. on which
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. what
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we att ended last night.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
14. The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing
B. is singing
C. sang
D. was singing
15. Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn
B. who
C. that learns
D. who learn
16. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that against
B. that against
C. who is against
D. who are against
17. Didn’t you see the man ________?
A. I nodded just now
B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now
D. I nodded to just now
18. Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?
初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care
初中英语专题汇编英语定语从句(一)及解析 一、定语从句 1．The lady spoke to me in the shop is my aunt. A．Which B．who C．where D．What 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：在商店与我说话的那位女士是我的姑姑。A. Which哪一个；B. who 谁；C. where 在哪； D. What什么。The lady为先行词，指人，引导词用who或that，故答案为B。 考点：考查定语从句的引导词。 2．One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance（优雅）. A．which B．who C．how D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：一个学识渊博的人总是举止优雅。考查关系代词。A. which关系代词，引导定语从 句时，指代物；B. who关系代词，引导定语从句时，指代人；C. how关系副词；D. what不能引导定语从句。根据One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance（优雅）.可知，先行词one指代人，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，同时在定语从句中作主语，结合选项可知B选项符合题意，故答案选B。 3．I like the writers ___________are popular among teenagers. A．who B．which C．whom 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：我喜欢受青少年欢迎的作家。本题考查定语从句。先行词是the writers，关系代词 在定语从句中作主语且指人，故选A项。 4．The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married. A．whom B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【解析】 考查定语从句的用法。Whom指人，作从句的宾语；which指物，作从句的主语或宾语；who指人，作从句的主语或宾语；whose即指人也指物，作从句的定语，后跟名词。根据动词“catches”可推断关系词作从句的主语，而“the girl”指人，故选C。
初中定语从句详解 2010-09-14 21:16 定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。如何对定语从句突出重点、突破难点，是我们每个初中英语教师思考的问题，也是要帮助学生要解决的问题之一。下面我对初中英语的定语从句谈谈我的粗浅看法。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
定语从句 请看下面的句子： （一）概念: 定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 （二）定语从句的分类 Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。 e.g:This is the book that/which I want. Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。 e.g:Mr. Green，who is watching TV，is my uncle. （三）(限定性)定语从句的结构 Mary is a girl who has long hair. 先行词关系词定语从句 关系代词关系副词 which, who, whom, whose, that where, when, why （四）定语从句的实质：二句合一 （合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地） Mary is a girl. 合并为一个句子 She has long hair. 思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair. 请把下列句子二句合一 1. I saw the man. He closed the door 2.The girl is happy. She won the race 3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen
定语从句 定语从句 （一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 （二）、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 注：that 用法 (1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用；在" such (the same) ... as ..." 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which. We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature We depend on the land from which we get our food.
定语从句讲解及练习 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘…… 的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式 以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它 所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置 定语。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man 和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在 先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当 一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.w ho 指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1)Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2)This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)T he classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 注：that 用法 (1)不用that 的情况 (a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b)介词后不能用。
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰 的 先行词后面。 2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等; 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用:1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
定语从句的用法和精练 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种) that which who whom whose when where why 主语 宾语 定语 表语 指人 who that whom that whose that 指物 which that which that whose that 注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that 作宾语) 2.which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom 用于指人,who 用作主语,whom 用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who 代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which 可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 语 法 关 系 词 指 代
定语从句 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的引导词分为：关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等，和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份，不可省略。 1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语。 如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop（车间）. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that。 如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，即介词后只能用w hich,不能用that. 如：The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意：在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词something, nothing, anything，everything等, 如：All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰， 如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept in my case . (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰， 如：I have eaten up all the food that you gave me . (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时, 如:H e is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时， 如:They talk about persons and things that they met . (6)当句中已有who时,为避免重复， 如： Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句， 如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'l l never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
初中英语定语从句用法 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词(先行词)的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句要放在先行词的后面，对先行词起修饰限定作用。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(包括它的宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when, how, why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。
2.定语从句中关系代词只能用that的情况
典例透析 例1-I hear that Lily’s brother is a worker here. -look, the man ______ is walking over there is her brother. A.who B. whom C. what D. which 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查定语从句的关系代词。who“代替人”作主语或者宾语；whom“代替人”作宾语；what不用于宾语从句；which“代替物”作主语或者宾语。先行词为人，在从句中作主语。故选A。例2One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ______ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. A. what B. who C. that D. / 【答案】D 【解析】题考查定语从句的关系代词。句意为“被外国旅游者参观的最著名的地方之一是瘦西湖”。先行词是places，代替物，用关系代词that。故选C。 例3They want to develop a kind of dog-friendly food ______ will help dog owners cool down their pets. A. who B. what C. which D. whether 【答案】C 【解析】此题考查定语从句。which作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，代替food。 例4That's the man ______ house was destroyed in the storm. A. that B. whose C. who D. which 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查定语从句。先行词是the man，根据后面的house可知先行词在后面从句中作定语，A、C、D三项都没有此功能，应该用whose。故选B。 例5This is one of the best films ______.
初中定语从句详细讲解 【中考命题预测】 中考常考考点： 1、考查以that与which引导的定语从句； 2、考查以who，whom与whose引导的定语从句； 3、当先行词表示时间、地点或原因在从句中作状语时，用when,where或why,相当于“介词+which" 【常考题型】 单选、完形、书面表达 一、定语1)什么是定语： An interesting story A beautiful girl The tall boy is my brother、 The boy in black coat is my brother、定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词、代词、数词、分词、副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 2、定语从句的定义试着翻译一下：正在看书的男孩是我哥哥因为这个句子已经不能用单纯的一个单词或者短语来形容限定
那个男孩，所以就要用更加高级的句子来修饰，这就是定语从句。 ① The boy is my brother、（主句）② The boy is reading a book、（从句）将这两个句子连接到一块，就是我们今天要学的定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个名词,短语,或整个主句。 (3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。T he manwho / that I saw at the school gate yesterdayis my English teacher、先行词定语从句昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 ① The boy is my brother、（主句）② The boy is reading a book、（从句） [ 解析] 先行词是the boy, 而且在从句中是做主语，所以可以用who 来代替从句中的the boy。因此②可以变为：who is
初中英语定语从句讲解、练习与答案定语从句 一、初中英语重点词汇 1．ｍany/ much/ a few/ a lｉttle/ ｆｅw/ ｌittlｅ (1)mａny修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词;都表示许多。例如： He ｈａs many bｏoｋs.他有许多书。 Ｈe ｄrａnk muｃh milk.他喝了许多牛奶。 （2)a few和ａ litｔｌe都表示"有一点儿"，侧重于肯定,相当于"ｓome"，但a feｗ修饰可数名词， a lｉtｔlｅ修饰不可数名词，例如: He ｈas a few fｒiends in Lｏndoｎ.他在伦敦有一些朋友。 Ｗｏuｌｄ you ｌｉｋｅ some ｃoffee？ Yes, ｊusｔ a ｌittｌe.喝点咖啡好吗,好的,只要一点。 (3)few和ｌitｔｌe表示＂几乎没有＂，侧重否定。few后接可数名词,littｌe后接不可数名词。例如: Hｅｉs a stｒａｎｇｅ man. He ｈas few woｒdｓ．他是个怪人,他几乎不说什么话。 Hurｒy up, thｅre is littｌｅ time left.赶快,没什么时间了。 ２． seeｍ／ look (１) ｓｅｅm一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。 The ｂaby ｓｅems to bｅhaｐpy．婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。 He sｅemｅd tｏｂe soｒry for that.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。
ｓｅｅm能与tｏｄo结构连用,而look不能。 It ｓｅems ｔｏ raｉn. 似乎要下雨了。 Tｈeｙ seemed to have ｆinishｅd ｔheir wｏｒk．他们似乎已经完成了工作。 在iｔ作形式主语的句型中只能用ｓeem。 Ｉt seems that he is quiｔe ｂusy noｗ.他现在看起来很忙。 It ｓeeｍs to ｕs that tｈere is ｎoｔhｉng seｒｉoｕｓ.在我看来没什么大不了的。 (2) ｌook用作“看起来;好像”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。 Tｈe rｏｏm lookｓclｅan.这间房看起来很干净。 Ｔhe girl lookｓ lｉｋe heｒ motｈeｒ.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。 二、语法定语从句 (一)、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外,名词，代词，数词,分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如:1) Tｈe maｎ who lｉves nｅｘt to us is a pｏliceｍａn. ２) Yｏu muｓt do everｙtｈiｎg thaｔＩ do. 上面两句中的mａn和evｅryｔhing是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which， who(宾
初中英语定语从句语法知识讲解 (名师精讲必考语法知识点，值得下载) 一、考点解读 我们主要复习如下内容： 1．先行词与关系词 2．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 3．关系代词的用法 4．关系副词的用法 5．定语从句需注意的事项 6．初中阶段学习定语从句的要点 二、专题梳理 （一）什么是定语从句 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。 定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。 e.g.Tom is a hardworking student w ho always gets first in his class. 汤姆是一个用功的学生，他在班里总是第一名。（修饰名词student。）Football is played over 80 countries, which makes it popular. 80多个国家都在踢足球，因此足球很流行。 （修饰整个主句Football is played over 80 countries。） （二）先行词与关系词
1．什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。可以这样理解， 之所以称它为先行词，是因为先行词总是出现在定语从句之前，而不同于普通 形容词修饰名词，形容词常位于名词之前。 e.g.Don’t forget t he book that I told you to bring. 别忘了我让你带的书。（the book为先行词。） 2．先行词与关系词的关系：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在 定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层：即主句层（第一层），定语从句层（第二层）。 特别提示： ①关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。定语从句总在被修饰的先 行词后面。 ②在定语从句中，关系代词起着代词和连词的作用，关系副词起着副词和 连词的作用。 ③在定语从句中，关系词代替先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复作用 相当于先行词的词。