高考英语阅读理解专项突破：科普知识与现代科技

阅读理解- 科普知识与现代技术2.这种科普文章多为说明文，要求考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象。

解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代；判断正确的流程顺序、正确的生产方法、正确的机械配制。

解题时一定要认真阅读分析发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，以提高理解准确率。

分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，以便最终做出正确判断。

3.着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘，多解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现的现象，因此说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试题。

同时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解。

4. 科普文章因为其内容的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。

一般用言简意赅的文字介绍、解释事理。

一般来说，都写得条理分明，有一定的说明顺序和说明方法。

5. 科普文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用。

6. 我们同时还要注意一些关于如何培养、知道学生、孩子的科普意识的建议方面的文章。

·链接高考链接1. （2012山东卷）For those who are tired of doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app (application). Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that" was a comm on response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week-Samsung is just one of many appliance make* racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them "smart. "Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it's Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it's not just something new-the app connection actually has somepractical uses."If you started to dry clothes in the moving and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates (电价) varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?A. The machine will be a big success.B. Their wives like doing the laundry.C. The machine is unrelated to their life.D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines?A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B. They can be controlled with a smartphone.C. They are difficult to operate.D. They are sold at a low price.74. We can conclude from Samsung's statements that .A. the app connection makes life easierB. it is better to dry clothes in the morningC. smartphones can shorten the drying timeD. we should refresh clothes back at home75. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The laundry should be frequently checked.B. Lazy people like using such machines.C. Good technologies also cause problems.D. Television may help do the laundry.链接2. （2012安徽卷）In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure （结构）, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’（对手）kites or cut their strings （线）.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon（尼龙）.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the studentsJonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!68. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?A. It has two strings.B. It is simple in designC. It has a rainbow pattern.D. It is shaped like a diamond.70.According to Jonathan ,what do you need to have fun with kites?A. A large kite. B Any type of kite.C. A complex structure.D. A kite that impresses others.71.What is mainly described in the text?A . A kite factory B. Kite-flying lessons.C .Special competitions.D .The kite-making Process.【考点】日常生活类—科技说明文【文章大意】。

专题18 阅读理解（科普类）1.C【2019·全国I】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plasticsD. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

（现代科技）李仕才【话题导读】灯柱伞是一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱，这样人们在忘记带雨伞时就不会挨淋了。

LampbrellaYou can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. ①But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.The designer says he ②come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street ad saw the street lamps ③lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”he said.The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella ④on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers p edestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.⑤In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on my street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies toprovide shelter.灯柱伞你不会每次都预测到大雨到来或者记得带上雨伞。

2022高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-科普知识与现代技术（2）·专项训练AInventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist … Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.Hooke’s early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. ③He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London —meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating new experiments at the society’s weekly meetings. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Hooke is ____.A. friendlyB. sociableC. creativeD. helpful2. Why possibly did Hooke accept the job as Curator of Experiments?A. Because his parents could n’t afford his education.B. Because his family needed his support.C. Because he wanted to please the famous scientists in England.D. Because he liked designing experiments.3. The cell got its name because of ____.A. its useB. its shapeC. Hoo ke’s favoritesD. Hooke’s experiences4. The last paragraph is to prove that ____.A. Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th centuryB. Hooke was good at making discoveriesC. Hooke’s contributions were not limited to one filedD. Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers5. The best title for the text may be ____.A. The Greatest ScientistB. A Helper of NewtonC. A Brief Introduction to HookeD. Achievements of HookeBChildren start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy ;there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiousness . Firstly ,listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence.Finally I said,“Now that we’refinished with your lists ,do you have questions of your own about science?”After a long pause, a boy raised his hand,“Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢)eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.Secondly ,give them time to think. ④Studies over the past 30 years have shown that ,after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more ,children give more logical , complete and creative answers.Thirdly, watch your language .Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with“That’s right” or “Very good”.These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior .But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”,or coming up with mo re questions or ideas.Never push a child to “Think”.It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more ,this can turn a conversation into a performance. The ch ild will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜),and they’l l understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发),set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level dr op.1.According to the passage , children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is ____________.A. to let them see the world aroundB. to share the children’s curiosityC. to explain difficult phrases about scienceD .to supply the children with lab equipment2.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ____________.A. any questionsB .any problemsC .questions from textbooksD .any number of questions3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ____________.A. ask them to answer quicklyB. wait for one or two seconds after a questionC .tell them to answer the next dayD .wait at least for three seconds after a question4. In which of the following paragraph(s)does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?A. The second and third.B. The fourth and fifth.C. The fifth and sixth.D. The seventh.5. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should ____________.A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵)factsB. offer their children chances to see things for themselvesC. be patient enough when their children answer questionsD. encourage their children to ask questions of their ownCWhy does eating feel so good? The secret may lie in the head, not in the stomach, US researchers reported. Tests on rats show that the appetite hormone Ghrelin(开释激素开释肽) acts on pleasure receptors (感受器) in the brain. The findings may help researchers develop better diet drags.“In mice and rats, Ghrelin excites the same neurons (神经细胞) as delicious food, that is, neurons that provide the feeling of pleasure and the expectation of reward,” the researchers write in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. “These neurons are located in a region of the brain known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA)," wrote the researchers, headed by Dr. Tamas Horvath of the Yale University School of Medicine in Connecticut.Horvath's team found that Ghrelin, which is only discovered in the last decade, acts on a molecular structure on brain cells called the growth hormone secret receptor or GHSR for short.⑤When Ghrelin was put into this area of the rats' brains, they ate as hungrily as they did after being kept hungry overnight, the researchers said. Ghrelin is produced in the gut (肠道) and causes the brain to promote eating.Several hormones are known to be involved in eating and appetite, and studies have shown that influencing them can affect weight gain in rats and mice. Influencing human eating behavior has proven far more difficult, however.Horvath said it might be possible to design a drag that interfereswith GHSR and thus help people with eating disorders.1. Which is the best title for this passage?A. Eating Addiction Is All i n the HeadB. Researchers Finds Secrets of the BrainC. Hormones Explain Eating HabitsD. Researchers Develop Better Diet Drags-2. According to the passage, GHSR _________.A. is one kind of hormonesB. is a pleasure receptor in the brainC. lies in the gutD. causes eating disorders3. What's the possible application findings?A. To control the weight of mice and rats.B. To analyze hormones in animals.C. To make healthy diets for humansD. To develop better diet drugs.4. The underlined words "interferes with" in the last paragraph probably means “_________”.A. turns downB. results inC. acts onD. goes with5. According to the reported study, which of the following is TRUE?A. Several hormones affect weight gain in rats and mice.B. Ghrelin acts On GHSR.C. It's difficult for hormones to influence human eating behavior.D. Only ghrelin can cause the feeling of pleasure.·答案速递4. C 归纳题。

2014年高三英语阅读复习第三期科普知识与现代技术7【导读】本文讲述了机器人苍蝇的研发，面临的困难以及前景。

A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件), ”said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perf orm well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot wi th these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, th e power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文，讲述机器人苍蝇的研发，面临的困难以及前景。

高三英语阅读复习第三期科普知识与现代技术8 【导读】科技可以改变生活，也能制造出更多的麻烦。

The technology is great. Without it we wouldn’t have been able to put a man on the moon, explore the ocean’s depths or eat microwave sausages. Computers have revolutioniz ed our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge. But sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients who’ve come into their surgery waving an Internet print-out, convinced that they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat cancer. The truth is usually far more ordinary, though: they don’t have throat cancer, and it’s just that their throats are swollen. Being a graduate of the Internet “school”of medicine do es not guarantee accur ate self-health-checks.One day Mrs. Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work. While I took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong, she said calmly, “I know what’s wrong; I’ve got throat cancer. I know there’s nothing you doctors can do about it and I’ve just got to wait until the day comes.”As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray. I looked at it and the blood results an hour later. Something wasn’t right. “Did your local doctor do an X-ray?”I asked. “Oh, I haven’t been to the doctor for years,”she replied. “I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so I knew that’s what I had.”However, some of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight loss, didn’t fit with it—but she’d just ignored this.I looked at the X-ray again, and more tests confirmed it wasn’t the cancer but tuberculosis (肺结核)—something that most certainly did need treating, and could be deadly. She was lucky we caught it when we did.Mrs. Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered. It was certainly a lesson for her. “I’m so embarrassed,”she said, shaking her head, as I explained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested. She listed up to about 20, and then I went to my office to type up my notes. Unexpectedly, the computer was not working, so I had to wait until someone from the IT department came to fix it. Typical. Maybe I should have a microwave sausage while I waited?【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，题材是科普文章。

2022年高考英语阅读理解分主题专项强化20社会篇之科普与现代技术Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, but it also causes pollution, wastes energy, and surprisingly wastes water. Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. It’s completely insipid so you needn’t worry about any taste.It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials that are needed to produce Ooho. The price for an only bubble (泡状物) or a unit of bubbles hasn’t been decided yet, but it costs about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. The team has also been selling Ooho water bottles in London for the past six months.Ooh o is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keeping an eye out for these bottles of the future.1．How is most plastic in America dealt with?A．It is wasted by people. B．It is reused as new energy.C．It is buried under the ground. D．It is applied to new technology.2．What does the underlined world “insipid” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Sweet. B．Delicious.C．Tasteless. D．Interesting.3．What can we infer about the Ooho?A．It plans to be sold at a very low price.B．It has some advantages over plastic bottles.C．It has taken the place of plastic bottles in London.D．Proper materials of making Ooho are hard to find.4．What’s the author’s attitude towards Ooho’s future?A．Doubtful. B．UninterestedC．Positive. D．Worried.Here’s a simple challenge: name a famous inventor. Perhaps Leonardo da Vinci springs to mind. Or the pioneer of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell. But you might be hard-pressed to name many female inventors, even though women are behind some of the most widely used technologies in the modernworld.For example, where would we be without the win dscreen wiper? Back on a freezing winter’s day in 1902, Mary Anderson was traveling by tram through New York city. Snow was falling, forcing the driver to stop repeatedly and get out to clear it. Each time the door opened, Mary suffered. She had a brainwave: why not make something that could be operated from inside the vehicle? And that’s exactly what she did.Let’s step in from freezing New York for our next invention. The dishwasher dates back even earlier to the 19th Century, and to the dinner parties thrown by a lady called Josephine Cochrane. As a frequent host, she wanted a machine that could wash dishes faster than people. Her response was to develop what was to become the first commercially successful dishwasher.Need something to do while the dishwasher is on? How about a round of Monopoly(强手棋游戏)? One of the most popular board games around, the rules were first drawn up by a lady called Elizabeth Magie, and patented in 1904.To an altogether different kind of innovation: Kevlar is the lightweight fibre used in bulletproof(防弹)vests. The material is used by millions every day and has saved countless lives and its strength-to-weight ratio is five times higher than steel.Finally, one of the most important inventions of the 20th Century must surely be the computer programme. The world of programming is unbalanced among men and women, with men taking home around 30% more pay than their female partners on average. But back in the 1940s and 50s, women were at the forefront of this new field and Grace Hopper was one of them.5．What do we know about the inventions mentioned in the text?A．They were mostly made in the 20th century.B．They all used high technology.C．Their inventors came from families of good education.D．They were all made by accident.6．Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the text?A．Josephine Cochrane wanted a machine that operated automatically.B．The game invented by Magie was popular merely among teenagers.C．Kevlar is the super tough fibre and stronger than steel.D．Grace Hopper was good at computer programming.7．What is the best title of this passage?A．Women Made Greater Contributions than MenB．The Most Useful Inventions by WomenC．The Most Widely Used TechnologiesD．Women can be Great InventorsWith Halloween just around the corner, today we will explore the world of ghosts in this program! The Merriam-Webster online dictionary says the word “ghost” goes back a thousand years to the “earliest recorded evidence of the language”. The first meaning of “ghost” was “the seat of life or intelligence”. And it still has that meaning in some expression.However, today, the word “ghost” usually means the soul of a dead person. This meaning is based onthe idea that a person’s spirit and body are separate. The spirit can conti nue existing long after the body has died.During Halloween, kids dressed as ghosts are common sights. The costume is very simple: just throw on a white cloth that covers you from head to foot. But do not expect to win any costume competitions! You would not have a ghost of a chance. People use this expression to mean that something is very unlikely to happen.The sight might even make you turn pale as a ghost. This is used when people lose color in their face. Sometimes this happens when a person is scared. But a bad cold and flu can also turn you as pale as a ghost.“Ghost” can also be a verb. In the 1880s the term ghost meant a person who works in secret for another person. Ghostwriters produce speeches for politicians. They also produce books for authors who want to tell their life stories but are not professional writers.And sometimes ghostwriters are involved in a series of books, like the children’s stories based on the teenage detective Nancy Drew. The stories began in 1930. The author given credit was Carolyn Keene. But she was not even real! Ghostwriters did all the work.Another expression using “ghost” as a verb is simply to ghost. This does not mean to die. It means to leave a place or event without saying “goodbye” to anyone. You can ghost from your job. You can ghost from a party. You can even ghost from a relationship. This is when you stop communicating with someone because you are simply no longer interested in them.8．The basic meaning of the word “ghost” nowadays is________.A．the secret of another person. B．the color of one’s face.C．the spirit of a dead person. D．the origin of intelligence.9．If someone says “you don’t have a ghost of chance to win the match”, he means ________. A．without doubt you won’t lose the match.B．the match is unlikely to happen.C．it’s impossible for you to win the match.D．you are too scared to win the match.10．What can be inferred about the word “ghost” according to the passage?A．Kids dressed in a white cloth like ghosts can win a costume competition.B．A bad cold can turn people as pale as a ghost because they fear illness.C．It was Carolyn Keene who ghostwrote the children’s stories.D．A person devoted to his job is unlikely to ghost from his job.11．This passage is likely to appear in ________.A．a Halloween poster B．a radio programC．a fashion magazine D．a newspaper advertisementHow safe in personal information on your computer or cellphone? Not very safe, potentially. Despite this, there are some simple steps you can take to make your online experience safer.Manage passwordsWhat we pick as passwords and how we manage them are important, according to Murat Kantarcioglu, professor and director at the Data Security and Privacy Lab at the University of Texas at Dallas. First,passwords should never include your personal information. Ideally, passwords are a combination of lowercase（小写）and uppercase（大写）letters and random characters.It could be harder to remember, but that's why password managers are good to use for some websites. Kantarcioglu does not recommend using password manager apps for sites that have sensitive information, however. Store them in your brain.View emails with a careful eyeDeceptive phishing（欺诈性的网络钓鱼）is one of the most common types of trick. Hackers（黑客）can make emails look like real company emails that can trick readers into clicking on dangerous links. You could end up introducing a virus to your computer or giving sensitive information to the wrong people. It's best to search for the original source of the information and find the direct link from the site instead of using the link provided in the email.Use two factor authenticationTwo-factor authentication（双重认证）adds a second level of security to an account. It's a security option that requires a password as well as an additional piece of information only the user would know. Sometimes, it's a code sent to your cellphone that has to be entered after a password. The additional feature can keep your information much safer.12．What do we need to do with our passwords?A．Include our personal information. B．Use some complicated English words.C．Keep them in our mind. D．Write them down in our notebook.13．If you don't want to be attacked by hackers, which of the following is required?A．Searching for the original sources from the site.B．Linking your sensitive information with your friend's.C．Caring for the environment around you.D．Storing some additional information in your cellphone.14．What in the text mainly about?A．Finding safety in a digital world.B．Educating the teenagers how to use websites.C．A prediction about the future of internet.D．The security of your managed passwords.Once the stuff of sci-fi fantasy, robots and robotic technology are now used in many aspects of daily life, ranging from manufacturing to medicine and everything in between. While humanity is still far from having robot servants at home, robots are commonly used on production lines in factories, and even for specific movements during operation.Recently, one Estonian company decided to repurpose its technology for a reason that's beneficial for the Earth. Robot manufacturer Milrem, which previously produced autonomous tanks, partnered with the University of Tartu to develop robot foresters that can plant and care for trees.The decision to create autonomous foresters came after Milrem realized that its technology, which had been developed for military (军事的) use, could be useful in other areas.“We started looking into what else we could do with these unmanned robots, Mart Noorma, director atMilrem, told Research Estonia. “Together with our partners at universities and public offices, we realized that we could be helpful in automating many industries.”The robots, which resemble mini tanks, operate in pairs. One robot works as a planter, putting down as many as 380 seedlings covering 2.5 acres in as little as six hours. During the planting stage, the robot records the exact location of each young tree. The other robot follows its path, cutting vegetation and cutting brush, so that the newly planted trees can thrive.To navigate (导航) their surroundings, the robots use LiDAR and GPS systems. LiDAR uses laser technology to create a three-dimensional geometric map of the robots, environment. Interesting Engineering reported that the robots also use high resolution camera systems to fill in the gaps around obstacles (障碍) and ensure the map's accuracy.The efficiency and speed of these tree-planting robots give them the high potential to help reverse (逆转) deforestation, a critical issue affecting the planet.15．Why were autonomous tanks made initially?A．To plant more trees. B．To help in medicine.C．To create a big brand. D．To improve military strength.16．How many young trees can a robot plant in an hour?A．About 50. B．About 63. C．About 190. D．About 380.17．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．LiDAR makes it easier to identify the trees.B．The robots will improve the environment around the plants.C．Map's accuracy results from high resolution camera systems.D．The tree planting robots are bound to be widely used soon.18．What's the author's attitude to robot foresters?A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.The exhibit, Digital Dunhuang, which is being held at the Hong Kong Museum this month, has brought to Hong Kong more than 100 exhibits including the visual murals (虚拟壁画) of Dunhuang Cave 285 and Dunhuang Cave 61, and other related programs that allow visitors to learn about the art and history of the Dunhuang Caves in a fun way.“Dunhuang was an international city on the Silk Road w here East met West. So the Dunhuang Caves, which were completed in a period of over 1,000 years, record the ways of life and religious beliefs of the different peoples that crossed paths there.” explained Fion Lin of Hong Kong Museum.Unlike some other cultural treasures, the Dunhuang Caves cannot travel. But visitors can now experience these faraway treasures in a way that is impossible even if they are in the caves, thanks to the digitization project of the Dunhuang Academy, a pioneer that has made great progress in the digitization and 3D scanning of the Dunhuang treasures.“Studies have shown that in a Dunhuang Cave, both temperature and CO2 concentration level can be raised with 15 tourists inside for ten minutes and the wall paintings are going to eventually fade. Digital technology has helped to strike a balance between sharing the treasures and protecting them,” said Lin.However, digitization of the caves faces many challenges such as poor lighting and rough wall surfaces.On average, 40, 000 pictures have to be taken to cover 300 m2, in addition to great amount of effort to piece the pictures together. What the exhibition presents here is the result of years of hard work.During the exhibition period, talks on Dunhuang music culture and Dunhuang history are also being held at the Museum for public participation.19．What can visitors see at the Digital Dunhuang exhibit in HK?A．All Dunhuang Caves. B．About 40,000 Dunhuang pictures.C．Digital Dunhuang wall paintings. D．Ancient records of Dunhuang.20．What is the significance of the digitization project of the Dunhuang Academy?A．It helps Dunhuang become an international city.B．It lets people better appreciate the Dunhuang art.C．It is effective in cutting the CO2 level in the Caves.D．It attracts more tourists from East and West to Hong Kong.21．What do we know about the Dunhuang paintings?A．They are brightly lit. B．They are very rough.C．It is very hard to protect them. D．It is impossible for the tourists to see them. 22．Where can you find the evidence that supports “Digitization of the Caves isn’t easy”?A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3.C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5.When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and put our future at risk. I had to ask myself, “Is some evil involved in science?” I thought long and hard about this ques tion, and I will try to answer it in this talk.The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be denied by what one does with it.Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming into us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness, just like opening a box of chocolate.I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of great importance. When a scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant. When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he is still in some doubt.Our freedom to doubt was born out of deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question, to doubt, to not be sure.23．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A．To criticize a common view. B．To introduce the topic.C．To explain a viewpoint. D．To prove an argument.24．As to the value of science, the author ________ .A．thinks science always does harm to all B．never doubted the goodness of science C．interprets it from various perspectives D．thought deeply but got no answers to it25．The values of science mentioned in the passage do NOT include ________ .A．power to offer help B．pleasure of deep thinkingC．progress from questioning D．ignorance of authority26．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．The V alue of Science B．The Uncertainty of ScienceC．The Power of Science D．The Destruction of ScienceSharks aren't the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work. Powerful currents, created w here the ocean floor drops away, can be just as deadly. “You can get sucked down by the pressure within minutes, ” notes Marcel Jaspars. He's a chemist who once saved himself from such a current. He came across it while taking photos of a sea sponge near Indonesia, in Southeast Asia. Luckily, he inflated his dive vest in time. He was able to float to the surface and escape the potentially deadly current.Diving has risks. But the scientists who work underwater are trained to deal with these dangers. For Jaspars, the rewards of research and underwater adventure are greater than the risks. He searches for unusual chemicals made by ocean life. Then he analyzes them for components that might serve as medicines for people.The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But organisms （生物体）in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. Some of the chemicals they make for survival might help people, too. More than 50 years ago, scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge. Since then, researchers have been hunting the seas for more of such useful natural products.With the help of underwater robots and small submarines（潜水艇），Jaspars and other scientists are searching the seas— from the shallow to the oceans' great depths. Their goal: finding chemicals made by marine life for use in one day treating human disease.Now Jaspars directs the Marine Biodiscovery Center. It's at the University of Aberdeen，in Scotland. There he focuses on microbes （微生物）living in very cold environments, suc h as the Arctic Ocean. “It's too cold and deep to dive there,” he says. So scientists on research ships pull up buckets of mud from the seafloor. Later, they send him small samples of what they've pulled up.27．Why is Jaspars' experience mentioned in Paragraph 1?A．To advise ways of surviving in the sea.B．To explain his ability and luck in the sea.C．To show the danger of deadly current to divers.D．To tell us the value of his underwater adventure.28．What does the author think of Jaspars' research and underwater adventure?A．Secure. B．Unique.C．Unbearable. D．Rewarding.29．What's the purpose of Jaspars' searching the seas?A．To find chemicals for new medicines.B．To study all kinds of ocean creatures.C．To be trained to deal with ocean dangers.D．To look for new medicines for marine life.30．What would be the best title for the text?A．The risks of searching the seasB．Risky diving for new medicinesC．The most dangerous things in the seaD．Jaspars, a chemist inventing medicinesIn summer, millions of people will head for the beach . And while the ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way .Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity.“Have you ever been on a boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the energy as waves crashed over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.”Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity.Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The winds start out by making little ripples ( 波纹) in the water, but if they keep on blowing , those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,” Taylor said. “Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.” The wave energy can be used to make electricity.The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy , and it is already being used in Scotland.We will never run out of wave power, besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil and coal.Oceans cover three quarters of the earth’s surface. That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world . There are some drawbacks, however.Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money . He said that its effects on animals in the sea were still unknown . What is more, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic .With more research, however, “many of these problems might be overcome,” Taylor said.” Demand for energy to power our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is growing quickly throughout the world. Finding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day. ”In the future, when you turn on a light switch, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity! 31．Which of the following is NOT true?A．Wave power costs too much money .B．Wave energy creates the same amount of pollution as other energy sources.C．Wave power affects fishing and boat traffic .D．Wave power may affect marine animals .32．We can infer from the passage that ______ .A．finding new energy sources like wave energy is importantB．wave energy is a resource that will never run out and is used all over the worldC．wave power is perfect for creating energy around the worldD．wave power doesn’t create any pollution33．The underlined word “drawbacks” probably means ______ .A．regrets B．adventuresC．disadvantages D．difficulties34．What can be the best title for the passage?A．How to Get Electricity by Waves B．A Huge Resource of Energy .C．The Disadvantages of Wave Energy. D．Can Waves Make Electricity?Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past, after scientists warned that the cacao plant, from which chocolate is made, could disappear within 32 years.Over half of the world’s chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa-Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana-where the temperature, rain, and humidity (湿度) provide the perfect conditions for cacao to grow. But the threat of rising temperatures over the next three decades caused by climate change, is expected to result in a loss of water from the ground, which scientists say could upset this balance.According to the related data, a temperature rise of just 2.1℃ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050. Farmers in the region are already considering moving cacao production areas thousands of feet uphill into mountainous area — much of which is currently preserved for wildlife. But a move like this could destroy ecosystems that are already under threat from illegal farming and deforestation．Part of the problem, according to Doug Hawkins, is that cacao farming methods have not changed for hundreds of years. “Unlike other tree crops that have benefited from the development of modern, high producing kinds and crop management techniques to realize their genetic potential (潜能), more than 90% of the global cocoa crop is produced by small farms with unimproved planting material,” he said, “It means that we could be facing a chocolate decrease of 100,000 tons a year in the next few years.”Now scientists at the University of California at Berkeley have teamed up with American candy company Mars to keep chocolate on the menu. Using the controversial (有争议的) gene-editing technology known as CRISPR they are trying to develop a type of the cacao plant able to survive in dryer, warmer climate s. If the team’s work on the cacao plant is successful, it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to relocate to higher ground, and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world. 35．What do we know about chocolate from the text？A．Chocolate is mainly produced by African countries．B．Chocolate will not be produced by 2050 because of climate change．C．A new type of chocolate will be produced with the help of CRISPR．D．Chocolate will disappear from the menu 30 years later．36．What is the reason for the disappearing of the cacao plant？A．Water shortage caused by climate change．B．The threat from illegal farming．C．The changeable farming method．D．The damaged ecosystem．37．What does the underlined word mean?A．The act of doing harm to trees.B．The act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area.C．The act of transplanting trees.D．The act of planting trees.38．What is the writer’s attitude to the application of CRISPR to planting cacao trees？A．Unconcerned．B．Supportive．C．Negative．D．Objective．。

科普知识与现代科技一、阅读理解1 You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬) built into a street lamp,” he said.The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand Sensors(传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A.To predict a heavy rain.B.To check the weather forecast.C.To protect people from the rain.D.To remind people to take an umbrella.2.What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?A.His creation was inspired by an experience.B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?A.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→can opyD.canopy→motors→sensors4.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A.Its moving speed.B.Its appearance.C.Its installation.D.Its safety.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The designer will open a company to promote his product.B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.2 Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino (厄尔尼诺). The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world. Scientists still do not completely understand it. Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world.One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York, Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel. A scientist of Zimbabwe(津巴布韦), Roger Buckland worked with them. They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor. The last El Nino was in 1991 to 1993. That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain.The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication(出版物)Nature. Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does. They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa, and could prevent many people from starving.1.El Nino is known as ___.A.the changing of the weather in southern AfricaB.the warming of waters in the Pacific OceanC.the weather which brings drought(旱灾)to AfricaD.the weather phenomenon(现象)that brings heavy rains to Africa2.Scientists study El Nino in order that ___.A.they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from droughtB.they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rainC.they can do some research work in this field.D.they can put all this information into their computers.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Scientists come to understand how El Nino appears.B.Three scientists from the USA work on this subject.C.Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger.D.El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe’s poor crops.4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?A.The computer is used in this research work.B.Scientists know when an El Nino appears by means of the computer program.C.The scientists published their results of the research work.D.Nature is the name of the article written recently by the scientists.5.What’s the best title for this passage?A.Appearance of El Nino is Predictable(可预测的)B.Drought in ZimbabweC.Early Warning SystemD.Weather in Africa3. Organic(有机的)farming is a type of agriculture that benefits from the recycling and use of natural e of dried plants not only saves money,but also ensures the growth of crops.The technique is characterized by the use of green manure(肥料),biological pest control methods and special farming techniques to keep soil productivity.Limiting the use of man-made chemicals or completely doing away with them reduces the risk of diseases. Today,organic farming is a major and preferred industry around the world. Organically grown food products have a huge market,with farmlands covering about 10% of the total world-farmland cover. The hard work of Sir Albert Howard,the Father of Organic Farming, has paid off.Advantages of Organic Farming:(1)The economics of organic farming are characterized by increasing profits through reduced water use and reduced soil erosion(侵蚀).(2)Organic farming produces the same crops as those produced through traditional farming methods,but uses half the energy,and holds 40% more topsoil.(3)Farming the organic way enables farmers to get rid of weeds without the use of any chemicals.(4)The use of green pesticides(杀虫剂)is environmentally friendly and does no harm to human’s health.Disadvantages of Organic Farming:(1)Organic methods of farming produce less,compared to traditional farming techniques.(2)Organic agriculture does little to fight global climate change.Though organic farming practices are recognized as giving out less CO2,but not to a significant degree.However,though there are some disadvantages to organic farming,farms where organic methods for cropping have been used have more advantages than traditional anic agriculture is surely better in the long term.1.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 shows that Sir Albert Howard________.A.worked hard for nothingB.succeeded in organic farmingC.spent all his time on organic farmingD.didn’t expect organic farming to be successful2.According to the passage,compared to traditional farming,organicfarming________.a.is more environmentally friendlyb.produces a lot more foodes less energyd.results in more weeds in the farmlande.is better for human’s healthA.abcB.acdC.aceD.bce3.The author’s attitude toward organic farming is________.A.anxiousB.hopelessC.unclearD.optimistic4.The writer wrote this passage to tell us________.A.the development of agricultureB.what kind of food is being grown at presentC.why organic farming is so popular around the worldD.what organic farming is and its advantages and disadvantages4. Getting stuck in a traffic jam is one of the most boring problems for people living in big cities.The fact that you’re moving so slowly leads too stress,anger and the wish that your car could just fly over the traffic like an airplane.Soon,however, that wish could come true .On May 8, US car-renting company Uber showed off what it described as “the transportation mode of the future: on-demand air transport,”reported ABC News .According to Nikhill Goel, head of products for Uber Air, the company's air taxi service may launch test flights in the US cities of Dallas and Los Angeles , as well as Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, as early as 2020. If everything goes according to plan, passengers will be able to fly to work by 2023 .When the Olympics comes to Los Angeles in 2028 . Uber “expects to have hundreds , if not thousands , of its aircraft in the skies.” Goel told Newsweek .So what would Uber's flying vehicles be like ?They are small , electric aircraft that take off and land vertically (垂直地) , ther give off zero emissions (排放) and are quiet enough to operate in cities .Just like an airplane , the vehicles will have fixed wings to help them glide . But while a helicopter has just one big fixed rotor (定量) . Uber's vehicles will have multiple rotors , which will help increase fuel efficiency (效率) while reducing emissions and noise.Because of these fixed wines and multiple rotors . Uber’s flyingtaxis“should be quieter and safer than a helicopter.” reported ABC News .However , the service still has a long way to go before it's ready to accept passengers.For example , to avoid any potential accidents . Uber is working with NASA to study air traffic control problems associated with low-flying aircraft. But just as Dubai's Mayor Betty Price said in a news release . “This program is revolutionary and future -oriented (面向未来的). ”1.Uber 's flying taxis are expected to start to take passengers in _______.A.2020B.2023C.2028D.20302.How are ber s flying taxis different from helicopters?A.They have one big rotorB.They need more fuel to fly.C.They have fewer fixed wingsD.They should be quieter and safer3.Which is true about the flying cars according to the passage?A.They can be as efficient as airplanes and helicoptersB.They must be in larger number a few years later.C.They nearly do no harm to the environment.D.They will surely help passengers avoid accidents4.What is the passage mainly about?A.Ubers plan to launch flying taxisB.The advantages of Ubers flying taxisC.Different opinions about Uber's flying taxisD.The difficulties Uber is facing in testing flying vehicles5. In today’s world, understanding how to analyze big data is a significant tool for students, scientists, and citizens alike-and a key topic during both speeches at the 2017 Research Teachers Conference.During their speeches, Lisa Purcell, Senior Scientist at Regeneron and Ruth Krumhansl, founder of the Oceans of Data Institute, both offered recommendations to more than 200 teachers at the conference on how to effectively use big data in the classroom.“Having a lot of data is worthless unless you can make sense of it, ” Ruth said. “We have a responsibility to help our students make wise decisions in a very complex world.” R uth explained that she is always seeking to increase data literacy(数据素养能力)and transform science education using big data. With these resources, students can conduct a variety of big data research projects -all from the classroom. Moreover, even students interested in non-STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)careers like consulting or business analytics can benefit from understanding how to analyze and understand data sets.Lisa stressed that teachers have the power to change the world by providing the next generation with the correct analytical tools and approaches to handle such large quantities of information. “You can train the next generation with them to do whatever, whether it’s dealing with climate change, creating a vaccine (疫苗) for Ebola, or becoming the next Pres ident of the U.S. or Prime Minister of Canada,” Lisa said.Understanding big data is critical to students’ success in school and their future careers. According to Ruth, students should begin working with data from a young age. This will enable students to practice analytical thinking as early as possible, and to begin asking important questions about what is going on in our world. And big data can help answer questions that students have. “Students are interested in what is known, but they get more exc ited about what is not known,” she said.1.According to Paragraph 2, we know the speeches of Lisa and Ruth _______.A.advise students to increase data literacyB.ask teachers to know how to analyze big dataC.show the significance of big data in non-STEMD.advise teachers to apply big data in the classroom2.What can we know about Ruth?A.She was a real specialist in analyzing big data.B.She laid the base for students to do big data projects.C.She stressed the important role of teachers in using big data.D.She made outstanding achievements with the help of big data.3.Which of the following may Lisa agree with?A.Teachers are given the power to change the world.B.Teachers should try to transform science education.C.Teachers can help students apply big data to many fields.D.Teachers know the importance of big data for students.4.What may be the best title for the passage?A.How can students analyze big data?B.How can students make use of big data?C.Big data-a significant tool in today’s classroomD.Big data-a necessary subject for students to learn6. Every November, Time magazine picks out what it calls “The 25 Best Inventions” of the year. Here, Teens has chosen some of the most interesting ones.Ember MugIt’s hard to always keep coffee a t the right temperature, especially in winter. It’s too hot to drink at first, but before we know it, it gets too cold and loses all its taste. The perfect level of warmth for a cup of coffee only lasts for 37 seconds, which makes the Ember Mug a great invention. It keeps your coffee or tea at a certain temperature, anywhere between 45℃ and 62℃, once you set it through a smartphone app.Tasty One TopTV cooking shows make cooking look so easy, but it’s almost impossible to get the recipes to cook the same as how the professionals cook. However, the Tasty One Top DIY cooking companion is here to help. Developed by Buzzfeed, the cooker can be connected to a smartphone app, which has more than 1,700 recipes and videos. You choose a recipe and the app will let the cooker know what to do. For example, it’ll tell you when to turn your steak or when to add certain ingredients.JiboSmart speakers from companies like Amazon and Xiaomi have added a lot of fun to our lives, but they’re still just facele ss speakers. However, Jibo, developed by MIT professor Cynthia Breazeal, has brought smart technology to life. Said to be “the world’s first social robot for the home”, Jibo looks like a cartoon character. Inside its “head”, there are various sensors and c ameras, which allow it to recognize faces and speech. It can also set alarms, remind you of important things, tell you the weather and read news or messages from your friends and family.1.How can Tasty One Top help people?A.By teaching people how to cook.B.By offering people different recipes.C.By saving energy while cooking.D.By offering different kinds of cooking apps.2.What can Jibo probably be?A.A cartoon character.B.A faceless robot.C.A family assistant.D.A smart alarm.3.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To advertise high-tech products.B.To introduce some new inventions.C.To encourage subscription to Time.D.To tell about some “tasty” products.7. Call small, organic agriculture really feed the world? Won’t we need science to produce enough food as the world population is growing to 9 billion by 2050? The answer to both questions is YES—but that science may look different than you think.We’ve been told that the only way we’ll be able to feed the growing population is through the science of GM(转基因)crops and chemicals. But the latest scientific studies are saying just the opposite. In study after study, the message about agriculture is: To feed the world, we need to support sustainable(可持续的)agriculture on different. Local, family farms that work with nature.In 2008, an international study found that sustainable agriculture, not GM crops, shows more hope of ending hunger. The International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science, and Technology for Development (know as the IAASTD), calls for a change of the world’s food and farming systems.The Assessment said that industrial agriculture has greatly destroyed the world’s soils and other natural resources, and now is doing harm to water, energy, and weather safety. The report warns that expensive, short-term ways—including GM crops—are not likely to cut down long-term hunger, and could even make environment and social problems worse in many places.A recent report by the UN Environment Program shows that food problems will become more serious because of environment problems and strongly supports sustainable agriculture on small family farms. It also showed that a worldwide change to organics could actually increase the world’s food production by as much as 50%--enough to feed a population of 9 billion people with the land we have now. GM crops, once popular, are now being questioned worldwide.1.How can we feed the growing population of the world according to the passage?A.In expensive, short-term ways.B.By encouraging industrial agriculture.C.By developing small, organic agriculture.D.Through the science of GM crops and chemicals.2.We can learn from the last paragraph that there will be no food problems if_________.A.the world supports sustainable agricultureB.we increase a lot of farm landC.the environment problems are solvedD.all the small family farms are used3.Which of the following can best describe sustainable agriculture?A.the science of GM cropsB.Working on small family farms.C.a fast way to increase t he world’s food production.D.An approach to agriculture without harming the environment.4.What might be talked about if there is one more paragraph?A.The causes of food problems.B.The disadvantages of GM crops.C.The development of industrial agriculture.D.The disadvantages of sustainable agriculture.8. NASA might be famous for sending rockets up to space quickly. But it will be more famous for making your next holiday come more quickly.The space agency is working on a new plane, which could solve the problems of supersonic(超音速的) flight and vastly increase the speed of journeys abroad. If successful, the plane would be able to fly between New York and London in just three hours. And it would reduce the time spent flying other journeys by a half, since it could be used more broadly. Until now, the problem with such planes has been the sonic boom(声爆), made famous by the original Concorde. That happens when a plane reaches supersonic speeds.It is a thunderous noise that upsets people on the ground---- disturbing animals and even causing physical problems to materials and houses underneath. It was that effect that led Congress to ban such planes from being used over the US land, a decision that in turn was responsible for Concorde’s failing to b e commercially used.In view of the problem, the space agency has developed a new technology and tried it out in wind tunnels, and now believes that it could be put to commercial use. That plane will fly as high as 55,000 feet---- far higher than normal planes---and make a sound of only 60 decibels. That’s far less than 90 decibels thrown out by normal planes, and is roughly in line with a car on the motorway or a busy restaurant.“As long as we can get endorsement from the general public, the plane will probably be something that’s acceptable,” said Peter Coen, project manager for NASA’s commercial supersonic research team, in a new Bloomberg report. “If we get approved, we will have the full-sized version of the plane tried out and the plane will b e put into use.”1.Why does the author mention Concorde?A.To suggest the rapid development of planes.B.To stress the negative effect of sonic booms.C.To introduce how a commercial plane is designed.D.To show Congress’ important role in making planes.2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the new plane.B.The working principle of the new plane.C.The problems of the new plane.D.The potential market of the new plane.3.What does the underlined word “endorsement” in paragraph 5 mean?A.Responsemitment.C.InvestmentD.Agreement4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To inform people of NASA’s new plane.B.To prove the disadvantages of supersonic flight.C.To explain why speed matters in supersonic flight.D.To clarify some misunderstandings about commercial planes.9. 2017 was an influential year for artificial intelligence, not just in terms of the advancement of the technology itself, but also for the development of our understanding of AI’s influence on our society.When we talk about AI, often we focus on the belief that it is going to take away certain types of jobs. However, we often ignore the fact that this technology will also slowly spread into most of our lives during work.I refer to this as the difference between AI and IA: artificial intelligence vs. intelligence augmentation (智能增强). Despite the great steps we’ve made in AI development and will continue to make in 2018, we are still years away from AI fully replacing human jobs. However, we are much closer to seeing the influence of AI spread into almost every job and the growth in human intelligence.Take a doctor for example: AI will soon be able to test and diagnose (诊断) common diseases more quickly and accurately than humans. Now, doctors can spend more of their time explaining the possible diagnoses, communicating with patients and developing unique, reliable treatment plans that are most effective for each specific patient.Algorithms (算法) are desirable for their ability to make well-informed decisions quickly and accurately, allowing us to focus on the parts of our job that are most important. But that same power allows algorithms that are making incorrect decisions to do so with greater speed and widespread influence than humans have ever had.2018 will be the year that companies purchasing AI products don’t just ask about the predictive power of an algorithm-they will make sure that algorithms are tested in advance, greatly reducing their potential unexpected influence.1.What do most people mainly focus on AI?A.AI can be completely controlled.B.AI will replace certain human jobs.C.AI is advanced technology.D.AI will gradually spread into our lives.2.Why does the author mention the doctor?A.To prove AI will make more doctors unemployed.B.To prove AI always makes right decisions.C.To prove AI will change the way we work.D.To prove AI can make treatment plans.3.What is the author’s attitude towards AI and IA?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Optimistic.D.Uninterested.4.What will probably the following paragraph refer to?A.To tell the readers how AI can be closely controlled.B.To compare the very difference between AI and IA.C.To explain to us why an Algorithm is so important.D.To predict the development of AI in the year of 2018.10. If asked if space exploration should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American, uneducated on the subject, might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value. Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense?One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions (任务), and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry.Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides. The artificial(人造的) heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation(隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle.There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives.1.How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?A.By offering analyses.B.By making comparisons.C.By giving some examples.D.By presenting research findings.2.The function of Jaws of Life is to _______.A.save people from traffic accidentsB.do experiments on the space shuttleC.keep houses warm and energy efficientD.separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets3.In the author’s opinion, space exploration _______.A.has changed our life completelyB.costs too much of our timeC.benefits us in many waysD.has nothing to do with us4.What would be the best title for the text?A.Benefits of space exploration.B.Is space exploration worth the cost?C.How to make space exploration affordable.D.Missions of the NASA space shuttle program.参考答案一、阅读理解答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D; 5.C解析：1.细节理解题。

\话题五: 科普知识与现代技术Writing 1 手机已成为人们生活中不可缺少的交流工具，谈谈手机在我们生活中的优缺点。

高分范文1As the life standard becomes higher and higher, mobile phones play an essential part in our own daily life now. Not only the adults but also many middle school students use them frequently. As far as I am concerned, using mobile phones is quite necessary in some way. The good or harm they will do to us all depends on how we use .There is no doubt that mobile phones h^/e many advantages. Since parents cannot be with their children all day long, mobile phones act as a communication tool between them. When the children and their parents have something special to tell each other, they can use mobile phones to communicate. As to the boarding students, mobile phones are much more necessary. They bring us a lot of convenience. What’s more, mobile phones can also help to promote friendship and provide us with a way to show love to our relatives. When it comes to a traditional festival, we can use mobile phones to send short messages. Mobiles phones can bring our wishes to the people around us and bring back their love and thankfulness. It’s quite enjoyable doing so.On the other hand, mobile phones also have disadvantages. Some students are keen on playing games and others spend too much time on sending short messages. In the course of doing so, both time and money are wasted. And sometimes it will influence our sleep and study. Thus we should keep in mind that our main responsibility is to study and we have no ability to afford the expenses as well. Mobile phones are communication tools but not our toys.All in all, everything has two sides. We should have a right attitude towards mobile phones and use them properly. Then they will do us good. Otherwise, they may cause disadvantages高分范文2It never occurred to many people that high school students can equip themselves with such modern devices as mobile phones, but it has really happened like a sudden storm. Contrary to the views of some people who are worried about fashions in our life, the storm can be very good.Time speaks first. Nowadays we are in the Information Age, in which quick communication is regarded as a basic element in everyone’s life. To be a student doesn’t mean to be isolated from the changing world；on the contrary, to keep in touch with the large amount of information shuttling in the world, help to make the student intelligent, open-minded and qualified for a citizen in a new age. Mobile phones are undoubtedly effective tools. Maybe Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and laptop computers will soon become popular among students, but let the mobile phone play the role as a pioneer. Then we can consider the feasibility. With the technology advancing, and economy developing, mobile phones are now quite accessible to many people. They are no longer miraculous inventions but are approaching us and ready to serve us in our daily life. Considering this，a high school student’s possessing a mobile phone will not be a surprise or a show-off, but an action to meet the needs of the new age.In a word, mobile phones will do more good. Certainly, everything has a shadow behind its bright figure, but if we follow the trend properly, the storm will surely be beneficial.Writing 2根据所给的信息写一篇关于Junk Message的短文：>目前垃圾短信泛滥，给人们的生活带来闲扰；>谈谈垃圾短信泛滥的原因；>如何解决。

专题04科普知识与现代技术“科普知识与现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。

该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。

科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。

总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。

点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。

【高考探究】“科普知识与现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。

【典例剖析】（2017年·新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than thosefor pilots of larger planes. Terrafugiasays an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too much fuel.30. What is the govern ment’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s First FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。