高考英语精准培优专练∶名词(附解析)
一、单项选择名词
1．After the earthquake, the first thing the government did was to provide ______for the homeless families.
A．accommodation B．resources C．furniture D．recreation
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：地震后，政府做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。A. accommodation住处；B. resources资源；物力；C. furniture家具；D. recreation反应。根据句意故选A。
2．As an American living in-Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a ________ be a witness to China’s great progress.
A．privilege B．preference C．priority D．principle
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：作为一个在天津生活了大约10年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。A. privilege 荣幸；B. preference偏爱；C. priority 优先；D. principle原则。privilege“荣幸”符合句意。故A选项正确。
3．It has been proved that there is a(n) ______ between smoking and certain diseases. A．connection B．description.
C．expression D．concentration
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. connection联系；B. description描述；C. expression表达；D. concentration集中。句意：已经证实吸烟和某些疾病之间有联系。根据句意可知此处表示“联系”，故A项正确。
4．—How shall I take the medicine?
—You can follow the ________ on the bottle.
A．vocabulary B．speech C．lessons D．directions
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：——这药怎么吃?——你可以按照瓶子上的说明书去吃。A.
vocabulary词汇；B. speech演讲；C. lessons课程；D. directions说明书，根据题意，故选D。
5．William， grandson of the Queen， said he would not expect or accept special______when he was considering joining the army．
A．treatment B．achievement
C．statement D．requirement
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：威廉王子，英国女王的孙子，说当他考虑参军的时候，他不会期待或者接受特别的对待。treatment治疗、对待，这里指跟其他士兵不同的对待；achievement成就； statement声明、陈述； requirement要求、需要，根据句意，故选A。
6．It is widely accepted that your babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_____. A．awards B．prizes C．rewards D．results
【答案】C
【解析】
考查名词辨析。award 奖励 prize奖品 reward 回报；报酬 result结果根据意思，人们广泛地接受，孩子是因为他们的行为得到回报而学会做一些事情。
7．We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.
A．attempts B．requests
C．doubts D．promises
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：对于我们认识和喜欢的人的请求，我们大多喜欢说可以。A.attempt 尝试；B. request请求；C.doubts怀疑；D.promises承诺。根据句意故选B。
。
【名师点睛】
本题的关键信息是say yes，根据情理判断，我们会对他人的要求、求助说yes，把四个选项意思弄清楚，就不难选出答案了。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。
8．We can’t make out his ______ of the article because there are too many technical terms in it. A．fiction B．abstract
C．claim D．principle
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我们不能弄清楚他这篇文章的摘要，因为里面有太多的术语。A. fiction虚构类文学作品；B. abstract摘要；C. claim声称；D. principle原则。由“ article ”可知，abstract“摘要”符合句意。故B选项正确。
9．We could see nothing in the thick fog at a _____ of two meters, so we got lost. A．distance B．length C．way D．space
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：大雾天里,我们相距两米就什么也看不到了,所以我们迷路了。A. distance距离；B. length长度；C. way方式；D. space空间。由“We could see nothing in the thick fog”可知，at a distance of “隔着......距离”符合句意。故A选项正确。
10．Yesterday we went to an _____ park where we were _____ by performances that we found _____ to watch.
A．amusement, amusing, amused B．amusement, amused, amusing C．amusing, amused, amusement D．amusing, amusing, amusement
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词和名词。句意：昨天我们去了一个有趣的公园，那里的表演让我们很开心，我们觉得很有趣。以后缀–ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物。所以第一个空填amusing, 修饰park，第二个空填amused，因为主语为we。而第三个空前的found为及物动词后接名词amusement作宾语。故C选项正确。【点睛】
关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：
1. 以后缀–ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。
2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
以后缀–ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物。所以第一个空填amusing, 修饰park，第二个空填amused，因为主语为we。而第三个空前的found为及物动词后接名词amusement作宾语。故C选项正确。
11．The organization was founded for the ________ of poor children.
A．benefit B．interest C．advantage D．value
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织是为了贫困儿童的利益而建立的。A. benefit好处；利益；B. interest兴趣；爱好；C. advantage优势；D. value价值。根据句意故选A。
12．The two sides have finally reached a(n) _______ , though some small differences(分歧) still exist(存在).
A．announcement B．agreement C．amazement D．achievement
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管仍存在一些小分歧，但双方最终达成了一致。A. announcement宣告；B. agreement一致；C. amazement惊愕；D. achievement成就。根据“though some small differences(分歧) still exist”可推知，此处表示“达成一致”，故B项正确。
13．He made an _______ to me for losing my book.
A．apology B．ambition C．appearance D．alarm
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为弄丢了我的书而向我道歉。A. apology道歉；B. ambition抱负；C. appearance出现；D. alarm警报。根据“for losing my book”可知，此处表示“向我道歉”，故A项正确。
14．Because of the heavy snow, the researchers failed to reach their ________ on time as expected.
A．stage B．agreement
C．kingdom D．destination
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：由于大雪，研究人员未能如期到达目的地。A. stage阶段；B. agreement协议；C. kingdom王国；D. destination目的地，根据题意，故选D。
15．This restaurant has become popular for its wide____________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
【答案】C
【解析】
Crange范围。A项分歧，B项领域，D项圆圈，故只有c项符合题意。
16．He graduated from a medical research ______ five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then.
A．data B．attendance
C．context D．institute
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：他五年前从一所医学研究所毕业，从那时起就一直当医生。A. data 数据；B. attendance出席；C. context上下文；D. institute学院，根据题意，故选D。
17．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：查尔斯·达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A. ancestor祖先；B. origin起源；C. belief信仰；D. custom习惯，风俗。结合句意可知答案为B。
18．Actively involve yourself in voluntary work and you will see what a(an) ________ it will make to your future life.
A．influence B．contribution C．difference D．variety
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查固定短语。解题步骤：1.确定各项意思：A. influence影响；B. contribution贡献；
C. difference不同；
D. variety多样化；2.确定答案：固定短语make a difference有影响。句意：积极地参与志愿者的工作，你就会看见它对你未来的生活有多么大的影响。故选C。
19．Most of his works didn’t gain the international ________ they deserved until his death. A．reputation B．impression C．recognition D．measure
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到他去世，他的大部分作品都没有得到应有的国际认可。A. reputation名誉，名声；B. impression印象；C. recognition承认，识别；D. measure测量。结合句意故选C。
20．It makes no ______ to me whether he will go to the city or not. Anyhow, I will go.
A．thing B．difference C．matter D．affair
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他去不去城里对我来说没什么影响。不管怎样，我都会去。A. thing事物； B. difference不同； C. matter事情，问题； D. affair事件，事务。
make no difference to对…无影响，符合句意，故选B。
21．When it comes to modern communication, network safety is always a major ______ . A．concern B．advantage C．opportunity D．solution
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：当涉及现代通信，网络安全一直是一个主要担心的问题。A. concern 关心；令人担忧的事实(或情况；B. advantage优势；C. opportunity机会；D. solution解决。网络安全一直是现代通信的一个主要担心的问题。故选A。
22．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.
A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。
23．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be.
A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：很难猜测他对这个消息会有什么反应。A. reaction反应；B. opinion
观点；C. comment评论；D. impression印象。分析句子可知，应是很难猜测他对消息的反
应是什么。故选A。
24．If you have a good ___________ of English, it is easier for you to find a job there. A．control B．command C．conquer D．request
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你英语说得很好，那么在那儿找工作就更容易了。
A.control控制；
B. command 掌握；
C. conquer征服；
D. request请求。have a good command of 是固定搭配，意为“能驾御…，很会…”，have a good command of English，意为“能自由地使用英语”，符合句意，故选B。
25．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the
latest_______ in Shanghai in August.
A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。
26．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意：没有许可证而拥有武器的人被认为违法。A. command命令；B. control 控制；C. charge负责；D. possession拥有。根据句意可知，此处固定短语in possession of“拥有”符合语境。故选D。
27．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment.
A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来整好地保护环境。A. currency通货；B. framework框架；C. allowance津贴；D. occupation职业。根据语境和各选项分析可知，故B项正确。
28．The system has been designed to give its users quickly and easy ___to the required information.
A．way B．approach
C．manner D．access
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这套系统设计的目的是为了让学生快捷方便地获得信息。A. way方式；方法；B. approach方法；C. manner方式；D. access接近(的机会)；使用之权。access to接近，有权使用；进入，通向……的路口。access to“有权使用；查阅（或使用）的机会（或权利）”，根据句意，故选D。
29．The building under _____for stay-at-home children will be completed in March A．contribution B．construction
C．coincidence D．composition
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析及固定搭配。contribution贡献，捐赠，捐助；construction建造，建筑物; coincidence巧合; 一致；composition作文，作曲。句意: 正在被建的留守儿童楼将于3月竣工。本句说的是建筑物，因此要用建造中。under construction意为“（正在）修建中”，因此选B。
30．Deliberately push yourself out of your ________. Try things that you do not normally try. A．origin B．budget C．routine D．identity
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. origin起源；B. budget预算；C. routine常规，惯例；D. identity身份。句意：故意让自己脱离常规。尝试一些你通常不会尝试的事情。结合句意可知答案为C。
历年高考名词辨析题 1.There is a in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. A.tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship 2.What’s the, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself? A.Sympathy B. theme C. object D. point 3.Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my. A.Emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions 4.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change. A.Result B. cause C. warning D. reflection 5.The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct . A.Solution B. target C. measure D. function https://www.doczj.com/doc/6c10000457.html,st year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year. A.Average B. number C. amount D. quantity 7.The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good . A.Expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 8.This restaurant has become popular for is wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A.Division B. area C. range D. circle 9.After the earthquake, the first thing the government did was to provide for the homeless families. A.Accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture 10.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond . A.Hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure 11.I am trying to break the of getting up too late. A.Tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure 12.The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1. Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit. The capital of the country has long been campaigning for sorting and recycling household waste, as part of its environmental drive for sustainable growth, local media reported. The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they're responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities. The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation, "Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal," said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan ($30)for trash-sorting violations. The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said. The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others-and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste. To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste. Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported. Nearly 26,000 metric tons of household waste is generated across Beijing on a daily basis and 29 terminal garbage disposal facilities are working at full capacity. Nearly 9.3 million tons of household waste was processed in the city last year. （1）According to the passage, which dustbins should some used coke cans be thrown into? A. Grey-colored dustbins. B. Red-colored dustbins. C. Green-colored dustbins. D. Blue-colored dustbins. （2）We can learn from the passage that ________. A. new technology has been applied to help deal with garbage B. Beijing carried out a more severe rule on garbage sorting than Shanghai C. the change of the current regulation has aroused objection among citizens D. the amount of household waste in Beijing is far from something disturbing （3）What is the best title for the text?
考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
2.不规则变化
注意:1.fish的“数” ?
2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?
4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。
It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格
名词 2004 1.The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a ______ of 60 miles.【全国I28】 A. length B. distance C. way D. space 2.I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s ______.【天津26】 A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place 3.Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ______ of little children.【湖北21】 A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance 2005 4.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ______.【天津10】 A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 5.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.【上海43】 A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character 6.I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good ______ of direction.【浙江16】 A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense 7.The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ______ all over the country.【辽宁27】 A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses 8.My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.【安徽28】 A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought 2006 9.It is no ______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.【全国II11】 A. use B. help C. time D. way 10.Finding information in today’s world is easy. The ______ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.【天津15】 A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge 11.When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main ______ was the fear of water.【上海42】 A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle D. danger 12.You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______.【广东34】 A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 13.—If you like I can do some shopping for you. —That’s a very kind ______.【浙江17】 A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion 14.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ______.【辽宁32】 A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions 15.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ______ and weaknesses.【湖北21】 A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values 16.The ______ on his face told me that he was angry.【湖北23】 A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression 17.At the meeting they discussed three different ______ to the study of mathematics.【湖北24】 A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways 18.Always read the ______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.【福建35】 A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 19.It is said that dogs will keep you ______ for as long as you want when you are feelinglonely.【江西 28】 A. safety B. company C. house D. friend 20.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it.【陕西10】 A. in honour of B. in memory of C. in favour of D. in search of 2007
名词及其用法辨析 高考英语词汇辨析一般在于同义词、近义词的词义和用法辨析、反义词之间的意义差别、词组（短语）的用法异同点以及一些习惯用法和固定搭配等。常见的有形容词与副词辨析、名词及其用法辨析、动词及其短语辨析、代词及其用法辨析、介词和连词等用法辨析。 名词及其用法辨析 1)高考英语名词难点： 名词词义辨析、可数名词与不可数名词；抽象名词的具体化；名词的所有格；名词作定语以及名词固定习语；名词与主谓一致等。在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。注意辨别词义及其用法时要结合语境。以下几组词是常见易混词难点： （1）sound, noise与voice sound，noise和voice这三个名词都可表示“声音”，但是，它们表示的“声音”并不相同。 sound作“声音”，“响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound。如： At midnight he heard a strange sound.半夜里，他听到一种奇怪的声音。 Light travels much faster than sound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。 noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。例如： Don’t make any noise!别吵闹!The noise wakes me up.噪音吵醒了我! voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌。谈笑都可用voice。sound和noise不仅能指人的声音，还可以表示别的动物发出的声音;而voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外，很少表示其它动物的声音。如：The girl has a beautiful voice.那女孩嗓音很美。They are talking in low voices.他们正小声交谈。 （2）family, house与home family, 家庭，更多人文属性；house, 房子，物质属性；home，指“家、住所”，指一个人（或一家人）居住的地方，也可指一个人出生或长大的地方（乡村、城市或国家等），它具有house所没有的感情色彩（如团聚、思念等），家，家不一定有house； family 的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”，与居住的房子无关。当family作为整体概念的“家庭”讲时是单数；当“家庭成员”讲时是复数。如： Mr. Green's family is very large. 格林先生家里的人很多。 house 指“家”时含义较窄，仅指“房屋”这一建筑物，一般指独门独户的房子，不指楼房。如： New houses are going up everywhere. 到处都是新盖的房子。 There is a house near the river. 河边有座房子。 The American friends are leaving Beijing for home tomorrow. 明天美国朋友要离开北京回国了。 Lin Chong left home for Liang Mountain. 林冲离开家到梁山去了。 （3）sight, view, scene与scenery sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，但表示后者的含义时，习惯上要用复数。如：The sight was quite amusing. 这景象使人感到有趣。 We saw the sights of Hong Kong by bus. 我们乘公共汽车观看香港的风景。Mary walked round the town, looking at the sights. 玛丽在城里到处转，逛各处景点。 view主要指从某处看到的东西或景象，有时也指“风景”，尤指自然美景 （fine natural scenery）。如： From the window there was a clear view of the mountains. 从窗户往外看 是一览无余的群山。 scene 多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的“景色”、“场景”等，可以是室内的也可以是室外的、可以是城市的也可以是乡村的、可以是活动的也可以是静态的等。如： There are some pretty scenes in the park. 公园里有几处美丽的景色。
.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。 名词单句改错之真题训练： 1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. 3.There are branch library in many villages. 4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 5.Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. 6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. 7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. 8. …and often watch football match on TV together. 9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! 10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 11. I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics. 12. They did not want me to do any work at family. 13. …so that I’ll get good mar ks in all my subject. 14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. 16. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 18. …but after class we become stranger at once. 19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. 20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby… 21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… 22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. 23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 名词单句改错之模拟训练： 1. Women live longer than men in most country. 2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. 3. It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out. 4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV. 5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. 6. The flower in the park were all pleasing. 7. As the day went by, she became less anxious. 8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. 9. It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. 11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. 12. He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. 13. I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. 14. He’s getting marr ied next month and decides to buy some furnitures. 15. There’s a paper’s factory near our school. 名词单句改错之提升训练： A级 1. From then on, we became good friend and often played together. 2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen. 3.Did you take their advices yesterday? 4. Most of them are woman doctors. 5.We can have funs at the seaside this weekend. 6. There are four baskets of apple in that room. 7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan. 8. Tom looks happy today. He’s got many good news from here. 9. This hat of my father is rather old. 10.He made many mistake in the exam because of carelessness.
高考英语最新名词知识点专项训练及答案 一、选择题 1．This book gives a brief _______ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall. A．outline B．output C．operation D．organ 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride. A．reason B．portrait C．statue D．symbol 4．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day. A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal 5．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission 6．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 7．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom 8．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment. A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation 9．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us. A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream 10．With the COVID-19 ______ quickly around the globe, the whole world are in a(n) ______ of shock. A．gathering, condition B．spreading, state C．to spread, approach D．to gather, style 11．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table. A．to great variety of B．great variety to C．to a great variety of D．the great variety to 12．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be. A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression 13．Letting virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, take care of your home is a(n) _________ for disaster to some, because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive, confusing, offensive, and even dangerous. A．topic B．shortcut C．cure D．recipe 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China.
add in 添加；把…包括在内 add on插入；另外加上去 add to 增加 add sth to sth 把……添加到……中 add up 加起来 add up to 合计为 add noise 添加杂色；添加噪声 add weight to进一步证明；扩大影响；增强优势；加重 bear down压倒；加倍努力；逼近；竭尽全力 bear off赢得；驶离；使离开；博得 bear on 对…施加压力；与…有关；对…有影响；瞄准 bear with 宽容；耐心等待；忍受；容忍 bear oneself 举止，表现；为人处事 bear sth in mind 记住；考虑到=keep sth in mind bear the brunt of 首当其冲 bear market 熊市；空头市场；卖空市场 bear arms 携带武器；当兵 break away 放弃；逃跑；脱离；逃脱 break away from 放弃；脱离…… break down 发生故障；拆毁，毁掉；(在健康或精神等方面)(使)垮掉，垮下来；分解；失败；制服 break in 打断；闯入；训练；使逐渐习惯 break into闯入；非法闯入；破门而入；强行进入 break through 突破；突围；有重要创见 break of 放弃；改掉（习惯） break off 折断；突然停止，暂停 break out 爆发；突发 break out of 摆脱（束缚等）；突破… break up 关系破裂；打碎，破碎；结束，散会；解散；衰落 break with 结束；与…绝交，和…断绝关系；和…决裂 bring about 引起；[航]使掉头 bring along 带来；使……发展 bring back 拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来 bring down 降低；打倒，打死；击落 bring forward 提出；提前；结转 bring in 引进；赚得；生产；增加 bring on 导致；引起；使…发展 bring off救出；成功地做某事；圆满完成；使实现 bring out使……显示出来；出版；制造；使显露 bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕出；[航]（船等）停下 bring round使改变观点；说服；使恢复健康；使复苏
高考名词专项练习题题库 一、单项选择名词 1．The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear _____ between what is right and wrong. A．distance B．distinction C．donation D．defense 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词。A. distance距离；B. distinction 区别，差别；C. donation 捐款；D. defense防卫，防护。句意：受训者所学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们区分对错。故选B。 2．The girl received no approval of his family as her marriage with an African boy was regarded as a ____ from tradition. A．violation B．departure C．withdrawal D．separation 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词的词义辨析。A. violation违反，妨碍；B. departure离开，出发；C. withdrawal撤退，收回；D. separation分离，分开。句意：这个女孩没有得到家人的认可因为她与非洲人的婚姻被认为是背离传统的。结合句意可知答案为B。 3．As an American living in-Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a ________ be a witness to China’s great progre ss. A．privilege B．preference C．priority D．principle 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：作为一个在天津生活了大约10年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。A. privilege 荣幸；B. preference偏爱；C. priority 优先；D. principle原则。privilege“荣幸”符合句意。故A选项正确。 4．How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language. A．adventure B．achievement C．trend D．challenge 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】