一、名词解释
1、Financial system金融体系: 指一个经济体中资金流动的基本框架，它是资
金流动的工具（金融资产）、市场参与者（中介机构）和交易方式（市场）等各
金融要素构成的综合体。P4
2、Treasury bill国库券:a short-term obligation that is not interest-bearingP24
3、fiat money不可兑现货币：指由政府发行的不能兑换成黄金或白银的货币，
其购买力完全来自政府的权威和信誉 money that the government declares to
be legal tender although it cannot be converted into standard specie.P23 4、Monetary policy货币政策： the process by which the government,central bank,or monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money,availability of money, and interest rate ,in order to keep growth and stability of the economy. P37
5、discount loan贴息贷款:A loan on which the interest and financing charges are deducted from the face amount when the loan is issued P37
6、Chinese Banking Regulatory Commission:the watchdog for banks in china,responsible for making the rules and regulations for the financial and banking institutions it supervises. P50
7、consolidation合并：the merger or acquisition of many smaller companies into much larger ones P50
8、P/B ratio市净率:a ratio used to compare a stock's market value to its book value. P66
9、H-shares:shares of companies in china's mainland that are listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange. P66
10、Risk management:the process of identification,analysis and either acceptance or mitigation of uncertainty in investment decision-making.
11、trust fund:property,especially money and securities,held or settled
in trust. P78
12、Quota配额:in international trade,a government-imposed limit on the quantity of goods and services that may be exported over a specified period
of time.(不确定P90)
13、Balance of payments:
14、Eurodollar欧洲美元:the dollar-denominated deposit in foreign banks outside the United States banks. P105
15、Time deposit定期存款:the fixed-maturity account that cannot be withdrawn without advance notice. P105
16、Floating exchange rate浮动汇率:a type of exchange rate regime wherein
a currency's value is allowed to fluctuate according to the foreign exchange market. P114
17、Draft汇票：a written order from one person (the payer)to another,signed by the person giving it,requiring the person to whom it
is addressed to pay on demand or at some fixed future date ,a certain sum of money,to either the person identified as payee or to any person presenting the bill. P140
18、Secondary market: a financial market in which securities that have been previously issued can be resold. P152
19、Security证券，抵押品：an investment instrument issued by a corporation,government,or other organization which offers evidence of debt or equity. P152
20、common stock普通股:a share of ownership in a corporation carrying voting rights that can be exercised in corporate decisions. P163 21、Futures期货:a standardized contract,traded on a futures exchange,to buy or sell a certain underlying instrument at a certain date in the future,at a specified price.
22、Option期权:a privilege sold by one party to another that offers the buyer the right,but not the obligation,to buy or sell a security at an agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date.
二、课后翻译题：
1、共同基金是向大众出售股票的机构，并用由此所得的收益选择购买各种类型的股票或者债券，或者投资组合，或者同时购买股票和债券的投资组合。共同基金的股东接受与投资组合相关的所有风险和收益。并且如果投资组合价值升高，股东收益也随之增长；如果投资组合价值降低，股东就会遭受损失 P7
A mutual fund is an institution that sells shares to the public and uses the proceeds to buy a selection,or portfolio,of various types of stocks,bonds,or both stocks and bonds.The shareholder of the matual fund accepts all the risks and returns associated with the portfolio.If the value of the portfolio rises,the shareholder benefits；if the value of the portfolio falls,the shareholder suffers the loss.
2.中央银行执行国家所选择的货币政策。其中最基础的就是要确定一国的货币形态，即法定货币，与黄金挂钩的货币（国际货币基金组织成员不允许使用这种货币），货币局或是货币联盟。当一国货币确定之后，就涉及到某种形式的标准化货币的发行。标准化货币本质上是一种本票，在一定条件下用票据交换货币的承诺。
Central banks implement a county's chosen monetary policy.At the most basic level,this involves establishing what form of currency the country may have,whether a fiat currency,gold-backed currency(disallowed for countries with membership of the IMF),currency board or a currency union.when the country has its own national currency,which is essentially a form of promissory note：a promise to exchange the vote for “money”under certain circumstances.
3、对于中央银行应该是私有银行还是政府机构这一问题存在严重的分歧。在这些问题上的激烈争论最后导致了一个妥协方案的产生。按照美国传统，美国国会将相互制衡的系统进行了详细阐述，并写进1913年的《联邦储备法》，建立了拥有12个地区储备银行的联邦储备系统。
Serious disagreements existed over whether the central bank should be a private bank or a government institution.Because of the heated debates
on these issues,a compromise was struck.In American tradition,Congress wrote an elaborate system of checks and balances into the Federal Reserve Act of 1913,which created the Federal Reserve System with its 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks.
4、面对国内外复杂严峻的经济形势，中国人民银行在中共中央、国务院的正确领导下，深入学习、实践科学发展观，切实履行中央银行职责，妥善应付国际金融危机的强烈冲击，积极推进金融监管协调机制建设，着力加强金融风险监测和评估工作，加快推进存款保险制度设计工作，强化中央银行资产管理，推动理财产品健康发展，有力地保障了国家金融体系的稳定和安全。
Faced with the complicated and severe economic situation both at home and abroad,in line with the changing situation,the PBC,under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council,resolutely studied and implemented the scientific development approach,earnestly fulfilled its responsibilities as the central bank,responded promptly to the intense impact of the international financial crisis,pressed ahead with developing the coordination mechanism for financial regulation,strengthened the monitoring and assessment of financial risks,speeded up the designing of the deposit insurance system,enhanced the central bank asset management,promoted healthy development of wealth management products,and effectively maintained financial stability and safety.
5、通过公开发行上市，上述四家银行建立了以市场为导向的资本供给机制，规范了信息披露，加强了对高层管理人员的绩效监测。因此资本市场在建立高效的现代金融企业运行机制中发挥着越来越突出的作用。此外，中国银行和中国工商银行在A股市场的相继上市也增强了市场的整体投资价值。
Through public listing,the aforementioned four banks have established market-oriented capital supply mechanism,standardized information disclosure,and strengthened restrictions on the performance of senior management.So,the capital market played an increasingly prominent role in establishing efficient operation mechanism of modern financial enterprises.In addition,the consecutive listing of BOC and ICBC on the
A share market also enhanced the overall investment value on the market.
6、更概括地讲，国际货币基金组织的任务是确保国际货币金融体系的稳定，即能够促进国家之间国际收支和货币汇率制度的稳定。基金组织旨在促进经济稳定，防止危机发生；危机发生时帮助解决危机；推动经济增长，减少贫困。为了达到这些目标，基金组织行使三项主要职能——监督，技术支持和借款。
More generally,the IMF is responsible for ensuring the stability of the international monetary and financial system——the system of international payments and exchange rates among national currencies that enables trade to take place between countries.The Fund seeks to occur,and to promote growth and alleviate poverty.It employs three main functions ——surveillance,technical assistance,and lending——to meet these objectives.
7、回购协议，金融机构或大公司从银行购买国库券，并同意在将来某个时间以
约定的价格，包括利息，再卖回给银行。
Repurchase agreements (repos) that are loans in which a financial institution or large corporation purchase a Treasury Bill from a bank and agrees to sell it back at a future date at the agreed price,which includes the interest.
8、在使用直接标价法的情况下，如果一个国家的货币走强，越来越有价值，那么汇率就降低，这说明该国货币升值了；相反，如果外币走强，汇率增大，则说明该国货币贬值了。
If the home currency becomes strong and become more valuable using direct quotation,the exchange rate number decreases,which indicates that the home currency is appreciating.Conversely,if the foreign currency becomes strong,the exchange rate number increases,which indicates that the home currency is depreciating.
9、从出口商的利益考虑，即期付款交单比见票后付款交单更有利，而付款交单比承兑交单更有利。在实际贸易中，选择托收付款应慎重。通常在进口商财力雄厚的情况下，或是出口商为了在国外市场上进行促销，再或者是交易额很小的情况下才使用托收。除此之外，一般应选择信用证。
As far as the exporter’s interest is concerned,D/P at sight is more favorable than D/P after sight,and D/P is more favorable than D/A.In actual trade,payment by collection should be accepted with discretion.It is usually used when the financial standing of the importer is sound,or when the exporter wishes to push the sale of his goods,or when the transaction involves only a small quantity.Otherwise,the letter of credit is generally preferred.
10、货币市场交易没有特定的特点。相反，交易商们通常会通过电话安排买卖活动，因此交易过程实现了电子化。正是因为这一特点，货币市场证券通常有一个非常灵活的二级市场。活跃的二级市场使货币市场上的交易证券成为了一种非常灵活的金融工具，可以满足短期融资的需求。
Money market transactions do not take place in any one particular location or building.Instead, traders usually arrange purchases and sales between participants over the phone and complete them electronically.Because of this characteristic, money market securities usually have an active secondary market.An active secondary market makes money market securities very flexible instruments to use to fill short-term financial needs.
11、场外交易衍生产品是买卖双方之间直接私下协商和买卖的衍生产品合约，不通过交易所或者其他金融中介。诸如掉期合约，远期利率合约，奇异期权合约几乎都是以这种方式交易的。场外交易数量巨大。根据国际清算银行的统计，美国2005年全国未清偿交易总量达到298万亿美元。
Over-the-counter(OTC)derivatives are contracts that are traded(and privately negotiated )directly between two parties,without going through an exchange or other intermediary.Products such as swaps,forward rate agreements,and exotic option are almost always traded in this way.The OTC derivatives market is huge.According to the Bank for International
Settlements(BIS),the total outstanding national amount is USD 298 trillion(as of 2005).
12、保险的运作机制是保险人可以向处于相同情况下的一组投保人收取保险费，而在任何一年内，并非所有的投保人都会遭受损失。保险人会将这些保险费聚集起来，用来赔偿投保人的损失。这样一来，损失就由所有投保人共同承担，而非仅仅落在个别不幸的投保人身上。
Insurance works because the insurer can collect premiums from a group of people in similar circumstances,not all of whom will suffer losses in any one year.These premium are then pooled together,and used by the insurer to pay losses.Losses are thus shared out among all the policyholders rather than borne solely by the unlucky few.
三、计算题：
1、考察公司绩效测评指标，譬如ROCE,EPS,P/E 的计算以及股价估值模型； ①ROCE 已占用资本回报率=PBIT 税前利润/capital employed 已占用（动用）资本
②EPS （earnings per share ）=profit after tax and preference divided/number of equity shares in issue 发行在外的普通股股数
Example: EPS
Here is an extract from M plc's income statement for 20X9.
注: extract vt. 提取；取出；摘录；榨取 n. 汁；摘录；榨出物；
The company has 80,000 ordinary shares and 20,000 preference shares.
Calculate earnings per share in 20X9.
Be aware that the EPS ratio is also used in another ratio which can be used to assess the performance of a company – the P/E ratio.
③P/E市盈率=Market price per share/earnings per share
A high P/E number indicates that investors are content with a relatively low current return from the share.
A high P/E ratio shows that the market is confident about the future prospects of the company.
2、购买力平价理论与利率平价理论？？？
3、货币的时间价值
Free cash flow valuation
The valuations based on discounting forecast free cash flows also relate the cost of equity to market share price.
Discounting
The time value of money means that $100 income received in one year's time is worth less in real terms to an investor than $100 received now. They can do this by discounting future income streams to convert them to their net present value.
The discount rate (or discount factor) is calculated as:
The appropriate discount rate to use will depend on the specific circumstances of a calculation, but it is likely to be the interest rate or the cost of capital.
When a discount rate has been applied to a stream of future earnings, the adjusted cash flows are known as the discounted cash flow (DCF).
Example
if $1,000 is to be received for each of the next three years, and the discount rate is 10%, the calculation of the discounted cash flow will The present value of the earnings that an investment project is expected to generate can be compared to the cost of the investment to see the overall net present value (NPV) of the project. be as follows.
The discounted cash flows for the three years are $909, $826 and $751 respectively.
The present value of the earnings is then obtained by adding together all the discounted cash flows. In this case the PV would be $2,486.
The present value of the earnings that an investment project is expected to generate can be compared to the cost of the investment to see the overall net present value (NPV) of the project.
If the NPV is positive the project should be regarded as cash generating and allowed to proceed.
So, for example, let's say an investment of $2,000 was required to generate these discounted cash flows of $2,486, the net present value of the project would be $2,486 – $2,000 = $486 positive.
The free cash flow to the firm (FCFF)is the after tax cash generated by the business and available for distribution to the equity holders and debt holders of the company.
It is calculated in its simplest form from the Profit before interest and tax (PBIT) by adding back non-cash items such as depreciation and subtracting taxes and capital expenditure
FCFF = PBIT + DEPRECIATION – TAX – CAPITAL EXPENDITURE.
The free cash flow to equity (FCFE) represents the potential income that could be distributed to the equity holders of a company, as opposed to dividends which measures the actual cash disbursements to shareholders.
The free cash flow to equity (FCFE) is calculated in the same way as free cash flow to the firm (FCFF) except that interest payments due to debt holders have to be deducted as
FCFE = FCFF – INTEREST PAYMENTS TO DEBT HOLDERS.
Exercise 1
The following information is available on a company.
PBIT 5,000,000, Interest Expenses 500,000
Taxes 1,000,000, Capital Expenditure 300,000
FCFF is ? FCFE is ?
Exercise 2
Flo plc's directors have forecast the company's expected levels of earnings in their medium term strategic plan.
The earnings figures for the next three years are given below.
The company has 2,400,000 ordinary shares in issue. The equity shareholders require a rate of return on their investment of 17%. What should the company's current market value and ordinary share price be?
4、根据即期汇率，及贴水，升水，计算远期汇率。
Forward rates are not always quoted in full, but may be quoted at a discount or premium to the spot rates.
Direct Quotation:
forward rate =spot rate +premium (- discount)
Indirect Quotation :
forward rate =spot rate -premium (+ discount)
Example1: Discounts and premiums
The $/￡ spot rate is currently quoted at 1.5900 – 1.6100 and the 1 month forward rate at 0.0006 – 0.0010 discount.
Required
Calculate the actual forward rate.
注：在直接标价法下，前大后小是贴水、前小后大是升水。
在间接标价法下，前大后小是升水，前小后大是贴水
当标价中即期汇率的买卖价格全部列出，并且远期汇水也有两个数值时，则具体的计算规则是将汇水点数(亦称调期点)分别对准即期汇率的买入与卖出价相应的点数部位；Solution:
Because the forward rate is quoted at a discount, that means that more dollars can be obtained for each pound.
The rate is therefore 1.5906 – 1.6110.
Example2: Discounts and premiums
The €/$ spot rate is currently quoted at 0.9000 – 0.9200 and the
3 month forward rate at 0.0012 – 0.0008 premium.
Required
Calculate the actual forward rate.
Solution：
Because the forward rate is quoted at a premium, that means that fewer euros can be obtained for each dollar. The rate is therefore 0.8988 –
0.9192.
Example 3:
A German firm is due to receive ￡25,000 from a UK customer. The €
/￡exchange rate is 1.0650 – 1.0700. How much in € will the German firm receive?
A € 23,364
B € 23,474
C € 26,625
D € 26,750
例题：1、With monetary policy, the government tries to achieve the goal
of ( )
A.deflation
B. microeconomic stability
C. welfare of society
D. macroeconomic stability
2、The only instrument which the Central Banks do not have total control over is ( )
A. Open market operations
B. reserve requirements
C. The “discount window”
D. none of the above
3、Only the central bank has the right to issue banknotes. ( T )
4、Modern monetary policy involves gold a lot.( F )
5、Restrictive monetary policy has been an effective method to cure inflation. ( T )
6、If the Central Bank were to sell bonds, the effect would be to contract the money supply and hence lower interest rates. ( F)
7、An increase in reserve requirements would increase interest rates. ( T)
高一英语必修一知识点最新归纳5篇 高中阶段学习难度、强度、容量加大，学习负担及压力明显加重，不能再依赖初中时期老师“填鸭式”的授课，“看管式”的自习，“命令式”的作业，要逐步培养自己主动获取知识、高一英语必修一知识点总结1 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时was/were + 过去分词 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时had + been + 过去分词 注意： 1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their qu estions haven’t got answered.
高中英语必修一重点短语 学好英语阅读和写作，短语积累量是关键，在历年的考试中，考察 英语短语的题占了很大一部分比重，而英语短语又是最容易拿分的。下面小 编为大家整理了高中英语必修一的重点短语，希望对大家有帮助。 ? ?高中英语必修1 Unit 1 重点短语 1. Calm down 平静下来;镇定下来 2. Be concerned about 关心;挂念 3. Make a list of 列出… 4. Be crazy about 对…着迷 5. According to 根据…所说;按照 6. Get along with 与…相处;进展 7. Fall in love 相爱;爱上 8. Try out 试验;试用 9. add up 合计10. set down 放下;记下;登记11. get sth. done 做…;使…被做;12. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物13. go through 经历;经受;14. a series of 一连串的;一系列;一套15. on purpose 故意16. in order to 为了…17. join in 参加;加入18. communicate with 和…交流19. face to face 面对面 地20. suffer from 遭受。。。 ?高中英语必修1 Unit 2 重点短语 1. play a role (in) 在。。。中担任角色;在。。。中起作用2. play a part(in) 扮演一个角色;参与3. even if 即使 4. be based on 以。。为基础 5. give a command 命令 6. from one place to another 从一处到另一处 7.the same…as… 相同的。。 8. come up 走近;上来 9. such as 例如。。。;像这种。。;10. ever before 从前11. close to 距离。。近12. make use of 利用13. no longer 不再。。。14. in the early days 在早期15.take…with… 随身带着。。。 ?高中英语必修必修1 Unit3 重点短语: 1. get sb interested in 使某人对……感兴趣2. the best way of doing sth/the best way to do sth 干…最好的
精心整理U1 addsth.up把……加起来 addsth.tosth.把……加到/进……里 addupto加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态) Concerningsth=Regardingsth关于，某事 gothroughahardtime经历了一段困难时期 gothroughthebaggage检查行李 gothroughthenewspaper浏览报纸 gothroughlotsofmoney花了很多钱
setdowntheideasonpaper把想法写在纸上setmedownatthebus-stop在车站让我下车aseriesof onpurpose=bydesign故意 byaccident=bychance偶然，碰巧 sufferfrom因……而痛苦,患……病sufferfromloneliness因孤独而痛苦sufferfromabadcold得了重感冒 遭受,蒙受(痛苦、饥饿、寒冷、损失等) sufferaheavyloss遭受严重损失
sufferpain/hunger/cold/death遭受痛苦;饥饿;寒冷;死亡 sufferern.受苦者 sufferingn.痛苦,苦难 recoverfromillness betiredof(doing)sth厌烦做某事 betiredfrom(doing)sth因做某事很累 Tellhimthatheshouldhavestudied.本该做却没做Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoug hts?定语从句 HerfamilywasJewishsonearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered. abouteverythingtodowithnature.不定式作后置定语
福州八中三江口学习部 人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2.set down 记下，放下 3.a series of 一系列 4.on purpose 有目的的 5.in order to 为了 6.at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7.face to face 面对面 8.fall in love 爱上 9.join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10.calm down 冷静下来 11.suffer from 遭受 12.be/get tired of?对?感到厌倦 13.be concerned about关心 14.get on/along well with 与?相处融洽 15.be good at/do well in 擅长于? 16.find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是? 17.no longer / not ? any longer 不再? 18.too much 太多（后接不可数 n.） much too 太?(后接 adj.) 19.not?until 直到?才 20.it’sno pleasure doing sth 做?并不开心 21.make sb. sth. 使某人成为? make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法 ----直接引语和间接引语
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例： Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例： 1. He said, “I like it very much. ”→ He said that he liked it very much. 2.He said to me,“ Iv’left my book in your room. ” → He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 一般将来时过去将来时 过去完成时过去完成时 例： “I don’twant to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne. →Anne said that she didn’twant to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, “I’m using a knife.” →The boy said that he was using a knife. ▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如： He said, “Light travels much faster than sound”. He said that light travels much faster than sound. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
高一英语必修一重点句型归纳 一些重点英语句型不仅对写作有好处，对英语的学习也是很重要。下面 小编整理了一些高一英语重点句型，供大家参考！ 高中英语阅读理解解题技巧高中英语怎幺学高中英语作文范文10篇高考英 语单词表3500 1英语必修一重点句型 1、ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatIhadseenthenightfacetoface.（从句时态用 完成时、这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。 2、Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.（强调句、我不知道这是不是因 为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。 3、Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpastelevenoneeveninginordertohaveagoodlooka tthemoonforoncebymyself.有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独 自好好看看月亮一次。 4、Yourfriend，whodoesn’tworkhard，asksyoutohelphimcheatintheend-of- termexam.（非限制性定语从句、你的一个朋友叫你在期末考试中帮他作弊， 这个朋友平常不认真学习。 5、Ifyouhavesometrouble（in、gettingalongwithyourfriends，youcanwritetotheed itorandaskforadvice.如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他
一、判断题（注：把答案写在选项前） 1、电子商务不仅应用在交易方面，而且可以贯穿企业营运的其他环节。 2、企业实施电子商务实质上就是要在互联网上建立企业网站。 3、买卖双方在交易过程中由于违约所进行的受损方向违约方索赔的行为，不属于电子商务的交易过程。 4、经营规模不受空间限制不是电子商务的特点。 5、按照使用网络类型分类，电子商务分为基于Internet的电子商务、基于Intranet的电子商务两种。 6、B2C电子商务基本属于网络商品直销的范畴。 7、企业间网络交易是B2B电子商务的一种基本形式。 8、网络商品中介交易是通过网络商品交易中心，即通过虚拟网络市场进行的商品交易。是B2B电子商务的另一种形式。 二、单选题 1、网上购物属于电子商务结构中的哪一层？________ A、电子商务应用 B、网络平台 C、网络银行 D、电子商务平台 2、按参与交易的对象分，网上商店最适合于哪一类？________ A、B2C B、C2C C、企业内部的电子商务 D、B2B 3、电子商务的两种基本流程是________ A、无认证中心的网络商品直销和认证中心存在下的网络商品直销 B、网络商品直销的流程和网络商品中介交易的流程 C、企业间网络交易的流程和网络商品中介交易的流程 D、网络商品直销的流程和网络商品非直销的流程 4、下列关于电子商务与传统商务的描述，哪一种说法最不准确？________ A、电子商务的物流配送方式和传统商务的物流配送方式有所不同 B、电子商务活动可以不受时间、空间的限制，而传统商务做不到这一点 C、电子商务和传统商务的广告模式不同之处在于：电子商务可以根据更精确的个性差别将客户进行分类，并有针对性地分别投放不同的广告信息 D、用户购买的任何产品都只能通过人工送达，采用计算机技术用户无法收到其购买的产品 5、电子交易流程一般包括以下几个步骤：（1）商户把消费者的支付指令通过支付网关送往商户收单行（2）银行之间通过支付系统完成最后的结算（3）消费者向商户发送购物请 1 / 6 求（4）商户取得授权后向消费者发送购物回应信息（5）如果支付获取与支付授权并非同时完成，商户还要通过支付网关向收单行发送支付获取请求，以便把该年交易的金额转到商户账户中（6）收单行通过银行卡网络从发卡行（消费者开户行）取得授权后，把授权信息通过支付网关送回商户 正确的步骤是________ A、（3）—（1）—（6）—（4）—（5）—（2） B、（3）—（1）—（5）—（2）—（6）—（4） C、（3）—（4）—（5）—（1）—（2）—（6） D、（3）—（1）—（4）—（5）—（6）—（2） 6、下列说法哪一个是正确的？________ A、网络商品中介交易不属于B2B电子商务形式 B、认证中心存在下的网络商品直销不属于B2C电子商务形式 C、企业间网络交易是B2B电子商务的一种基本形式 D、B2C电子商务不属于网络商品直销的范畴
高中英语人教版必修一知识点总结 Unit 1 Friendship Unit 2 English around the world Unit 3 Tracel journal Unit 4 Earthquakes Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero 第一单元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添 add up合计加起来，但在口语中有时用于否定句，表示“莫名其妙，不说明问题”。add up to 总计共达，所有一切都说明，总而言之。 add sth（to sth）把……加到……里去。 add to 增加，扩建。 add 表示“继续说，补充说”。 区别add和increase add意思是“加，增加”，强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。 increase“增加”，表示在数量，产量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。 2）cheat v 欺骗；作弊n 骗子；作弊者；骗人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物 cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺诈 3)list v 将事物列于表上；编事物的目录n 名单；目录；一览表 make a list of 造表，列……表 take…off the list 从表上去掉…… stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅 as listed above 如上所列 3）share share in 分享，分担，共用 share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分发；得到股息，升股息 share（n.）in/of 一分，部分 4）trust vi/vt 信任，信赖；依赖 trust in 相信，信任，信仰 trust to 依靠（运气等），依赖 trust that… 希望，想 5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受惩罚，受损伤 suffer from 受……伤害；患……病痛 注意：suffer 和suffer from 都不能用于被动语态 6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静；使镇定。平静的，镇静的，沉着的。 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来 quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时，侧重不激动，平静温和，不发表意见。still指完全没有声音或者没有动静，突然静止不动。 silent主要指人不爱说话，沉默不语。 7）concern
高中必修一到必修五主要语法点 必修一：直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句)；现在进行时表将来；定语从句 必修二：定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提)；被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三：情态动词；名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句) 必修四：主谓一致；非谓语动词(V-ing) ；构词法 必修 2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元 现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法 必修 3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句 五单元同位语从句 必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单 元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法 必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元 倒装句第五单元省略句 必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4 on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…
Module 1 My First Day at Senior High 1 How’s it going? = How is everything recently? 2 cover：包含，包括●be covered with 被……覆盖 3 at the end of …在……结束的时候Eg : Class 5 is at the end of the corridor. ●in the end = at last 最后，终于（一般时态）Eg: I am sure I will win in the end. ●by the end of …到……为止(后用完成时态) Eg :①By the end of this term, we will have learnt two English books. ②By the end of last year, we had finished our task. ●end up with 以……告终 4 receive 客观上收到; accept 主观上收到Eg :I received his invitation but did not accept it. 5 divide：划分，把整体分为若干部分Eg :The world is divide into five continents. ※比较separate：分隔，把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来 6 表参加活动的短语： take part in + 活动join the party join in the game attend + the meeting 7. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. 表示“吃惊”的几个单词： ◆surprise指“由于出乎意料而感到惊异或诧异”。Eg: His coming surprised me. ◆astonish指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解而感到吃惊”，语意较强。 Eg: I was astonished to see he got up so early. ◆amaze指“由于认为似乎不可能或极少可能发生的事的出现而感到大为诧异、迷惑不解”， 语意较强。Eg :I was amazed at his confidence. 8. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. as … as…表示“和……一样……”。Eg: My book is as interesting as yours. 9. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Mr. Shen. called Ms Shen在此作定语。 10. We’re using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. (1) 表示“方法、办法”的几个单词： ◆method作可数名词，指（系统的、逻辑的）方法、办法。后面常接of + 动名词，不接不定 式）；作不可数名词，指秩序，条理，规律。 Eg :①He is a man of having accurate and strict methods. ②We must get some method into our office filling. ◆way为可数名词，后接不定式或of + 动名词。 Eg :①We must find a way to solve this kind of problem. ②The normal way of carrying out such a kind plan is very difficult. ◆means单复数形式相同，其前有a, one, this, that, every等有时表单数意义，其前有such, these, those, all等有时表复数意义，其多指抽象或概括性的含义，后可接不定式，也可接of + 动名词/名词。Eg: There is no means of finding out what happened. (2) nothing like + n./pron. ◆完全不像，一点也不像Eg :She’s nothing like her mother. ◆没有什么能赶得上Eg :There’s nothing like a holiday to make one feel rested. 11. I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class! Think表示意见和看法，其后的宾语从句中的否定词not被移到主句中，该现象被称为“否定转移”。类似的动词还有：expect, believe, suppose, imagine等。 Eg :①I don’t suppose that she will be back until night.
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
Unit1 Friendship重点词语、句子 be good to 对….友好 add up 合计 another time 改时间 get sth done 使…被做 calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 go through 经历；仔细检查 hide away 躲藏；隐藏 set down 放下；记下 a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 对…着迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 为了 face to face 面对面地 according to 按照；根据…所说 get along with 与…相处 pack up 收拾，打理行装 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有困难 fall in love 相爱 throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验；试用 join in 参加（活动） communicate with sb 和…交际 far and wide 到处 look to sth 注意，留心某事 cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯 be ignorant of 无知的 1. I wonder if…我想知道是否…. 2. It’s because…这是因为…. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替 3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？ 4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。 （当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。） 5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to,like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？ 6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。 7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。 8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。 9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。（I would be grateful if…委婉客气提出请求） 10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。
高中英语必修I重点单词、短语和句型 Unit 1 Friendship 重点单词和短语 1. add up合计 add up to…共计, 总计达 add…to... 往……添加…… 2. upset sb. 某人不安 upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼 be upset at/about 因……而烦恼 3. ignore sb./sth. 忽视，不理会be ignorant of/about 对……无知，不了解ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的ignorance n. 无知，愚昧 4. calm vt.&vi. （使）平静；（使）镇定calm down 镇静，平静 calm sb. down 使某人镇静adj. 平静的；镇定的 keep/stay calm 保持镇静 5. concern vt. 使担忧；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注 with concern 关切地show (no) concern for/about sb. 对某人(不)关心, concern oneself with/ in 参与，干涉 be concerned with 与……有关系
be concerned about/ for sth. /that-clause 为……担心，挂念 a s far as… be concerned 就某某而言 concerning prep. 关于，有关 6. walk the dog 遛狗 7. go through 经历, 经受；穿过，通过；审阅，检查；通过，成功 go through a hard time 经历了一段困难时期go through the baggage 检查行李 go through the newspaper 浏览报纸go through lots of money 花了很多钱 come through 安然度过（疾病.危机等） cut through 抄近路，穿透 look through 仔细查看 8. set down. 记下，放下，让某人下车 set down the ideas on paper 把想法写在纸上set me down at the bus-stop 在车站让我下车set about (doing) sth. 着手（做）某事 set off 动身；出发；引爆；燃放 set out 出发；着手做 set up 竖起；创设，开办 9. a series of 一系列的, 一连串的 a series of books 丛书 a series of stamps 一套邮票 a series of pictures 连环画
一、电子商务概述 1、电子商务促进经济全球化得发展。(1分)p3 A、对 B、错 2、联合国国际贸易程序简化工作组对电子商务得定义:“采用电子形式开展商务活动,它包括在供应商、客户、政府及其她参与方之间通过任何电子工具,如EDI、Web技术、电子邮件等共享非结构化或结构化商务信息,并管理与完成在商务活动、管理活动与消费活动中得各种交易。”这一定义有一严重不足就是(1分)p2 A.没有交待采用何种技术手段或工具 B.没有说明电子化得含义 C.没有直接地鲜明地提到互联网——当今电子商务所依托得最根本得网络平台 D.也没有点出社会上哪些人群与组织,成为参与对象 3、电子商务改变了人们得工作环境与条件,也改变人们得生活方式。(1分)p4 A、对 B、错 4、电子商务将对人类社会产生重要得影响,以下叙述正确得就是(1分)p4 Ａ.改变了人们得社会地位与经济条件 Ｂ.改变了市场需求 Ｃ.改变了人类得兴趣爱好 Ｄ.改变了市场得准入条件 5、电子商务始终采用各种先进得技术手段,实现不同层次得商务目标,反映出电子商务功能更齐全,服务更周到得优势。(1分) p3 Ａ.对 Ｂ.错 6、下列关于电子商务得描述,哪一种说法不就是电子商务得优势？(1分)p3 A、减少运营成本,显著降低收费 B、覆盖面广,拥有全球市场 C、用户购买得任何产品都只能通过人工送达,采用计算机技术用户无法收到其购买得产品 D、全天时营业 9、公共政策、法律法规就是属于电子商务系统框架结构中得(1分)p7 A.信息发布平台 B.社会环境 C.网络平台 D.电子商务平台 10、不属于电子商务系统组成成员得就是(1分) p9 A、相关得安全交易协议(SET、SSL、S/MIME、S-、S等) B、客户(包括购物单位、消费者) C、销售中心(包括电子商城、服务提供商) D、配送中心(包括现代商品物流配送公司、邮政局) 11、电子商务一般得交易过程分为5个阶段,“买方通过互联网与其她电子商务网络(各种增值网),寻找所需得商品与商家,发出询价与查询信息,收集相关信息,进行市场调查与分析,制订与修改购货、进货计划,比较选择,作出购买决策,审批计划,筹划货款等”,这些行为属于(1分) p10
第1章电子商务基础知识 1.“电子商务是指对整个贸易活动实现电子化。”这一表述是联合国国际贸易程序简化工作组对电子商务的定义。 (1分) P2 B.错 2.联合国国际贸易程序简化工作组对电子商务的定义是采用电子形式开展商务活动，它包括在供应商.客户.政府及其他参与方之间通过任何电子工具，如EDI.Web 技术.电子邮件等共享非结构化或结构化商务信息，并管理和完成在商务活动.管理活动和消费活动中的各种交易。 (1分) P2 A.对 3. 1997年11月欧美亚非等国在巴黎召开的世界电子商务会议上提出的电子商务的概念是 （ 2） ）P2 1) 电子商务就是建立网站 2) 电子商务是指对整个贸易活动实现电子化 3) 电子商务就是在Internet 上从事的商务活动 4) 电子商务就是在互联网开放的网络环境下，基于浏览器/服务器应用方式，实现消费者的网上购物、商户之间的网上交易、在 线电子支付以及有关方的网络服务的一种新型的商业运营模式 4、“采用电子形式开展商务活动，它包括在供应商.客户.政府及其他参与方之间通过任何电子工具，如EDI.Web 技术.电子邮件等共享非结构化或结构化商务信息，并管理和完成在商务活动.管理活动和消费活动中的各种交易。”这一表述是（ B ） P2 A .行内对电子商务比较常见的表述 B .联合国国际贸易程序简化工作组对电子商务的定义 C .1997年11月欧美亚非等国在巴黎召开的世界电子商务会议上提出电子商务的定义 D . 5、“电子商务就是在互联网开放的网络环境下，基于浏览器/服务器应用方式，实现消费者的网上购物.商户之间的网上交易.在线电子支付以及有关方的网络服务的一种新型的商业运营模式。”这一对电子商务概念的表述的缺陷是（ B ）(1分) P2 A.没有将政府.银行.认证机构.物流配送机构等参与方表述出来，显得社会管理的作用不足 B.没有肯定电子商务是一种新的商业运营模式，而仅 认为电子商务是一种方法或手段 C.没有指明电子商务构建在互联网这种开放的网络环境 D.没有说明电子商务能做到其他传统商业所不能实现 的网上购物.网上交易.在线电子支付以及各种网络服务 6. 联合国国际贸易程序简化工作组对电子商务的定义：“采用电子形式开展商务活动，它包括在供应商.客户.政府及其他参与方之间通过任何电子工具，如EDI.Web 技术.电子邮件等共享非结构化或结构化商务信息，并管理和完成在商务活动.管理活动和消费活动中的各种交易。”这一定义有一严重不足是（ C ） (1分) P2 A ．没有交待采用何种技术手段或工具 B ．没有说明电子化的含义 C ．没有直接地鲜明地提到互联网——当今电子商务所依托的最根本的网络平台 D ．也没有点出社会上哪些人群和组织，成为参与对象 7、电子商务始终采用各种先进的技术手段，实现不同层次的商务目标，反映出电子商务功能更齐全，服务更周到的优势。对 8、下列说法正确的是( B ) A 、“电子商务是指对整个贸易活动实现电子化。” 这一表述是联合国国际贸易程序简化工作组对电子商务的定义。B 、电子商务较之传统商业具有减少运营成本，显著降低收费的特点。 P3 C 、电子商务将对人类社会产生重要的影响，包括提高了企业的市场准入条件。（是改变不是提高）P4 D 、企业对政府的电子商务简称为C2G 。机构间的电子商务 ） 9、电子商务将对人类社会产生重要的影响，以下叙述正确的是（ D ）(1分) P4 Ａ．改变了人们的社会地位和经济条件 Ｂ．改变了市场需求 Ｃ．改变了人类的兴趣爱好 Ｄ．改变了市场的准入条件 10 电子商务较之传统商业所具有的特点中不包括（ B ）( P3 ) A 、减少运营成本，显著降低收费 B 、覆盖面窄，只限于区域市场 C 、全天时营业，增加商机和方便客户 D 、全面增强企业的竞争力 11. 电子商务促进经济全球化的发展。 (1分) P3 A. 对 12、电子商务改变了人们的工作环境和条件，也改变人们的生活
必修一词Unit 1 Friendship 1)be good to 对….友好 2)add up 合计 3)another time 改时间 4)get sth done 使…被做 5)calm down 镇定下来 6)have got to 不得不 7)be concerned about 关心；挂念 8)walk the dog 遛狗 9)make a list of 列出 10)share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 11)go through 经历；仔细检查 12)hide away 躲藏；隐藏 13)set down 放下；记下 14) a series of 一系列；一套 15)be crazy about 对…着迷 16)on purpose 故意 17)in order to/ so as to 为了 18)face to face 面对面地 19)according to 按照；根据…所说 20)get along with 与…相处 21)pack up 收拾，打理行装 22)have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见； 做…有困难 23)fall in love 相爱 24)throw away the friendship 放弃/终止 友谊 25)try out 试验；试用 26)join in 参加（活动） 27)communicate with sb 和…交际 28)far and wide 到处 29)look to sth 注意，留心某事 30)cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 31)have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的 习惯 32)be ignorant of 无知的组重点归纳 Unit2 English around the world 1)in…ways 在…方面 2)be different from 与…不同 3)play a role/ part (in) 在…中起作用;扮 演一个角色；参与 4)play an important role/part在..中起重要 作用 5)because of 因为；由于 6)such as 例如 7)come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨 论 8)come up with 提出 9)come up to a place 参观某地 10)ever before 从前 11)at the end of 在…末期 12)even if/ though 即使 13)be based on 在...基础上 14)close to 距离…近 15)make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分） 利用 16)change…into 把…变成 17)in the early days 在早期 18)take…with…随身携带 19)the same…as 与…相同的 20)at present 目前 21)as a rule 通常；照例 22)be present at 在席；出席 23)carry out a rule 执行规则 24)be absent from 缺席 25)be a native of 是…人 26)provide sth to sb / provide sb with sth给 某人提供某物 27)at sb’s request 应某人的要求 28)have a command of掌握 29)make a request 请求 30)give commands 命令 31)request that …(should)+v原形 32)in one direction 朝一个方向 33)as we know 正如我们所知