2020年北京市东城区初三二模英语试卷
2020.06
知识运用(共14分)
一、单项填空(共6分，每小题0.5分)
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. I’m sorry I didn’t call you. I didn’t find _______ phone number.
A. my
B. his
C. your
D. her
2. We usually have lunch ________ 12 o’clock at school.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. of
3. George felt really happy _________ he got an A+ in English.
A. because
B. if
C. though
D. while
4. We ________ arrive on time or we will be in trouble.
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. might
5. -Which dress is _________, the blue one or the purple one?
- The purple one.
A. beautiful
B. more beautiful
C. most beautiful
D. the most beautiful
6. -__________ is that tall woman?
-She’s my aunt Martha.
A. Who
B. How
C. What
D. Where
7. -Jason, don’t make so much noise. Anna __________ for her math exam.
-Sorry, Mum. I won’t.
A. studies
B. studied
C. has studied
D. is studying
8. Mum __________ in the garden reading when I got home yesterday.
A. sits
B. sat
C. was sitting
D. is sitting
9. When I was on my way home, it _________ to rain.
A. starts
B. started
C. will start
D. has started
10. It is really a great movie. I _______ it several times.
A. see
B. saw
C. will see
D. have seen
11. Our lives _________ greatly by 5G technology in the near future.
A. change
B. are changed
C. will change
D. will be changed
12. - Do you know __________ at weekends?
- I’m not sure. You can check it online.
A. what time does the shop open
B. what time the shop opens
C. what time did the shop open
D. what time the shop opened
二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
It was the school’s Talent Show, and it was the first time for Abby to perform with the Racket. Abby had got used to singing with the group and she no longer felt at all __13__ during practices, but the idea of __14__ on the stage(舞台) was making her head hurt. They had spent the last month working hard to __15__ the songs so that they could put up a pretty good show, and everyone was confident at their final practice.
Abby sat backstage and saw her bandmates hopping around and high-fiving each other. She couldn’t tell if they were just excited or trying to work out their nerves, but Abby knew how she felt: frightened. She kept __16__ walking onstage, opening her mouth to sing, but nothing would come out.
Headmaster Gruber announced, “Ladies and gentlemen, let’s welcome The Racket!” As the band members headed out onstage, Abby’s legs moved and carried her over to the microphone, but her mind seemed to be flying somewhere nearby. And before she even knew it, the first song was halfway done. It all came __17__. All of the practice was paying off. Abby knew the songs so well, she really didn’t have to think much about what she was doing. Suddenly she realized that she was __18__ the moment. She just carried on like the audience(观众) wasn’t really there, and it was no different than being at practice.
The highlight of the performance came during the song written by the band —“Let’s make a racket!” At the end, the audience jumped to their feet and sang with __19__.
As The Racket ran offstage, Headmaster Gruber smiled at them and said, “I have a feeling I know who’s going to take the prize for Audience Favorite this year.”
Abby wasn’t too worried about the prize, though. She knew she had already got something even better: the __20__ to perform.
13. A. confused B. impatient C. nervous D. tired
14. A. dancing B. singing C. speaking D. walking
15. A. perfect B. record C. choose D. teach
16. A. trying B. regretting C. remembering D. imagining
17. A. naturally B. gradually C. directly D. immediately
18. A. enjoying B. celebrating C. facing D. missing
19. A. memory B. pride C. attention D. admiration
20. A. right B. opportunity C. confidence D. decision
阅读理解（共36分）
三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）
A
Thinking about going camping? You might want to try one of these campsites!
Le Val de Cantobre, Aveyron(France)
France’s number-one campsite is in the Grands Causses Regional Park. There’s a swimming pool, a river and a pizza restaurant all on-site. The scenery around the park is beautiful and great for walking. A day here will cost you about €45. Three Cliffs Bay, Gower(Wales)
The Three Cliffs Bay is in a beautiful part of the country, and it won’t cost you much either: a tent(帐篷) is about €28 a day. There’s a shop and some restaurants nearby. You can water-ski from the beach, or go walking along the Gower Way. Playa Montroig Camping Resort, Tarragonna (Spain)
This Spanish campsite is great for a family trip, with prices starting from about €20 a night. You’ll be able to enjoy the beach by day, and learn about historic Tarragonna in the evenings. The site has restaurants and also offers lots of activities for adults and children.
Four Seasons Tented Camp. Golden Triangle(Thailand)
This must be one of the most expensive campsites in the world. Instead of tents, there are “canvas cabins” (帆布小屋). Plus, there’s a nice restaurant, a spa and a pool. There are only 15 cabins so you’ll have to book early. You can only reach the camp by river boat, but once there you can learn to ride an elephant. One night here will cost you about €750!
Have fun and we hope it doesn’t rain!
21. At Le Val de Cantobre, people can ___________.
A. enjoy the beach
B. live in canvas cabins
C. walk in a beautiful park
D. learn about historic Tarragonna
22. How much does a tent at Three Cliffs Bay cost a day?
A. About €20.
B. About €28.
C. About €45.
D. About €750.
23. ________ marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year.
A. Three Cliffs Bay.
B. Le Val de Cantobre.
C. Four Seasons Tented Camp.
D. Playa Montroig Camping Resort
B
Dean felt his arms and legs were burning. With each breath, Dean wondered if he should be done, but as he touched the wall at the end of the pool he turned for another lap(圈). “I can do one more. This is for Kevin.” Dean told himself. He was starting his seventh lap.
Dean and the other members of his swim team were swimming to raise money for Dean’s best friend, Kevin Hawking. Earlier in the year, Kevin fell ill. He needed expensive medical care that his family couldn’t afford. After Kevin’s friends learned what was happening, they started brainstorming ways to help. Several of Kevin’s friends were on the swim team, which led to the idea of swimming.
For a month, Dean and the other swim team members had asked for pledges(承诺) from anyone who would help: family members, friends, and neighbours. Most people pledged a dollar or two each lap. Dean’s grandmother said she would offer $10 for each lap Dean swam!
Finally, as Dean completed his tenth lap, he knew he was too tired to keep going. If I try another lap, I’ll end up lying in the middle of the pool, waiting for someone to come and get me, he thought. Dean pulled himself up onto the edge of the pool and sat breathing quickly for a couple of minutes, quietly resting before he tried to stand.
Dean’s father came over and said, “Wow, Dean,” shaking his head in amazement, “I am so proud of you. That’s farther than you’ve ever swum before.”
Dean stood up and slowly walked with his father back to the seats where the other swimmers sat next to Kevin. “Thank you,” Kevin said.
“It’s no big deal. I know you’d do the same for me,” Dean said.
24. Dean and his swim team members swam to __________.
A. see how far they could swim
B. raise money for a sick boy
C. get ready for a competition
D. have a swimming lesson
25. How many laps did Dean complete?
A. Seven.
B. Eight.
C. Ten.
D. Eleven.
26. Dean’s father was proud of him because ________.
A. Dean won the first prize
B. Dean made a good friend
C. Dean swam faster than before
D. Dean tried as hard as he could
C
Art and science may seem like polar opposites. One involves the creative ideas, and the other cold, hard numbers —or some people believe so. In fact, both require a lot of creativity. People also use both to better understand the world around us. Now, a study finds art also can help students remember better what they have learned in science class.
Mariale Hardiman is an education expert at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md. Back when she was a school headmaster, she had noticed students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their lessons had involved art. To test whether and how well art might really improve learning, Hardiman teamed up with other researchers and six local schools.
The researchers created art-focused versions(版本) of traditional science lessons. In a traditional science classroom, students might read aloud from a book. In the art-focused class, they might sing the information instead. Each student in the experiment had both an art-focused class and a traditional one.
Before and after each period of the experiment, students took tests. They took a third one 10 weeks later. This one tested how well they still remembered what they learned two months earlier. The team also looked at each student’s performance in a reading test. This let them compare how art and non-art classrooms influenced students with different learning abilities.
Students who read at or above their grade level did just as well in both types of classes. Those who had lower reading abilities got much more of the science if it had been taught in an art-focused class.
Hardiman says some kids actually performed best in the third test months later. And classroom teachers reported “many students continued to sing the songs they learned in an art-focused class after finishing the unit.”
Students who started in traditional classes performed better after they moved into an art-focused class. But those who started in art-focused class did well even when they went back to a traditional class. “Some continued to draw to sing to help them remember information,”Hardiman notes. “This suggests that the arts may help students use creative ways of learning on their own.”
Everyone benefits from the arts, Hardiman agrees. “All educators should learn how to use the arts as an instructional tool to improve learning.”
27. Paragraph 2 mainly introduces _________.
A. the background of the experiment
B. the researchers of the experiment
C. the conclusion of the experiment
D. the design of the experiment
28. By studying the students’ reading performance, the researchers found _________.
A. art had little influence on students’ reading abilities
B. the students with good reading abilities performed better in art
C. the students who were good at science had better reading abilities
D. art helped the students with lower reading abilities learn science better
29. Students who started in an art-focused class still did well in a traditional class probably because _______.
A. they had mastered creative ways to learn
B. the art-focused class helped improve their memory
C. the art-focused class taught them how to learn on their own
D. they continued to sing the songs they learned in the art-focused class
D
I’m a big fan of awful first drafts(草稿). All of my writing starts with a bad first draft with grammatical mistakes and half-finished sentences. No one else sees those drafts. I tear up(撕毁) that awful first draft and start again —and that’s when things start to click. That’s when sentences become complete, when ideas make sense, and when the real work gets done.
Too often, when it comes to self-improvement, we create idealized plans with unnatural rules. We suppose that we will stick to our plans. Monday might be leg day in the gym, but if your kid falls off the bike and needs stitches(缝针), your carefully made eight-week exercise plan isn’t going to get a look.
Every plan starts off like an awful first draft. You make stupid mistakes, things you thought were a great idea turn out to be dead ends, and at the end you just need to start again.
When a plan fails, the solution(解决办法) isn’t to give it up and try a new one next time. It’s to build on what worked, cut what didn’t and start straight away on a much-improved second draft. Trying to run three miles every day while eating nothing but vegetables might be a terrible idea —but running a few days a week isn’t.
The benefit of an awful first draft is to use it to get everything down on the page. It doesn’t matter whether you think it’s good or bad, you’re trying out different things to find out what works and, more importantly, what doesn’t. You have to
read over your first draft and make changes to write the second. The second draft is where you build on the strong points and cut the weak ones.
Sara loved running outside but hated the indoor strength training in her fitness program. How could she make changes to write the second draft? She looked back and saw which part she found fun and easy to stick with and which went wrong. By building on what worked on her, she slowly developed a health plan she could stick with.
If your second draft doesn’t work out quite as planned, you tear it up and write a third. And, if needed, a fourth. But if you build on what’s good and cut the rest, finally you will have something that works.
30. The underlined word “click” in Paragraph 1 means “_________”.
A. to become clear
B. to run out of control
C. to get connected
D. to get much more difficult
31. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People should make plans with strict rules.
B. The first plan is valuable although it often fails.
C. Things will go well if the plans are carefully made.
D. Giving up the first plan helps to get an improved one.
32. What might Sara do in her second plan according to the passage?
A. She only ran a few days a week.
B. She started an indoor fitness program.
C. She ran outside and took an outdoor strength training class.
D. She ran three miles every day while eating only vegetables.
33. What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To offer advice on how to stick to a plan.
B. To stress the importance of writing a draft.
C. To explain why making plans is like writing.
D. To tell how to develop an achievable final plan.
四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）
International Mother Language Day
A language is much more than just a way of communicating. Language, and especially our mother language, is an important part of our culture. There are about 6,500 languages in the world, but did you know that a language disappears and dies every two weeks?
In 1999, a special day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world was created: International Mother Language Day. It is on 21 February. The idea for this special day came from Bangladesh, a country in South Asia, and 21 February is also the day when Bangladesh, a country in South Asia, and 21 February is also the day when Bangladeshis mark the day that the Bangla language was officially(官方) accepted. Bangladeshis celebrate the day by holding competitions and singing songs.
Every year, UNESCO(联合国教科文组织) chooses a different theme(主题) and holds different events. For example, in 2005, there was a focus on Braille and sign languages, and in 2017, a focus on how multilingual(多语言的) education could help the world to have a better future. Many countries have also set up special projects to mark this day. For example, in 2014, the Indian government provided digital(数字的) learning materials for schools and colleges in the 22 most widely spoken Indian languages. It is said that there are around 750 languages in India, and sadly, that around 250 more languages have been lost in the last 50 years.
The Director General of UNESCO, Audrey Azouley, pointed out in a recent speech on International Mother Language Day that mother languages “shape millions of developing young minds”. She believes that children learn best in their mother language, and that it is important that children learn best in their mother language, and that it is important that children should have this opportunity. Around the world, 40% of the population can’t be able to learn in a language they can understand or speak.
At least 43% of all languages are at risk, and fewer than 100 of the world’s languages are used in the digital world. Most Internet communication is in one of the following languages: English, Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese, Indonesian, Malayan, Japanese, Russian and German. But everyone has the right to use their own mother language, and to keep the memories, traditions and ways of thinking that their language represents. And this is what International Mother Language Day is all about.
34. Why was International Mother Language Day created?
35. When is International Mother Language Day?
36. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
37. In what language do children learn best according to Audrey Azouley?
38. List two problems that the languages in the world are facing.
书面表达(共10分)
五、文段表达(10分)
39.从下面两个题目中任选一题
．．．．，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
假如你是李华，是你校学生英语俱乐部的负责人。俱乐部要举办一次关于如何学好英语的微讲座（micro lecture）。请你给你校外教Peter发一封邮件，邀请他录制微讲座，向他说明举办本次讲座活动的目的，你建议讲座谈论的内容以及发送讲座视频给你的时间。
提示词语: difficult, make progress, advice, remember new words, reading
提示问题: ·Why do you hold this activity?
·What do you advise Peter to talk about in the lecture?
·When would you like Peter to send you the video?
Dear Peter,
I’m writing to invite you to record a micro lecture on how to learn English well. _________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
If there is anything more that you want to know, please tell me.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
初中三年的学校生活即将成为美好的回忆。回首三年时光，你有哪些收获？即将毕业，你有什么感受？
假如你是李华，你校英文校刊邀请你写一篇短文谈谈毕业之际的感想，内容包括你三年学校生活的收获以及你即将毕业的感受。
提示词语: knowledge, friend, memory, happy
提示问题: ·What have you got during the past three years?
·How do you feel upon graduation?
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
2020年北京市东城区初三二模英语答案
一、单项填空
34. To celebrate and protect all the languages of the world.
35. On 21 February.
36. What UNESCO and many countries do to celebrate the International Mother Language Day.
37. In their mother language.
五、文段表达
题目1：
Dear Peter,
I’m writing to invite you to record a micro lecture on how to learn English well. Some students find it difficult to learn English well, so we’d like you to give a micro lecture on English study to help them make progress. I would be most grateful if you could give some advice on remembering new words and improving reading ability. You can also share some websites or Apps that could help students. Would you please send me the video by next Friday?
Thank you!
If there is anything more that you want to know, please tell me.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目2：
I have learned a lot of knowledge during the three years. And I have made some good friends as well. I have many beautiful memories of the moments that I spent with my teachers and my classmates in the classroom, on the playground and on the school trips.
I am a little sad upon graduation because I will leave my classmates and my teachers. I will miss them. And I am also happy because it is a new start of my school life.
2018年高三语文模拟考试（二模）试题 一、现代文阅读(35分) (一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题，9分) 阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。 在率先掌握铜冶炼技术之后，华夏民族逐渐发展出闪烁着民族文化精神和鲜明美学特质的金属艺术。 金属艺术熔炼着民族历史。《左传》记述，夏朝君主夏启令九州牧贡献青铜铸鼎，刻以各州形胜之地和奇异之物，以一鼎象征一州，于是九州定鼎成为夏王问鼎天下的标志。金属艺术凝聚着技术进步。汉代长信宫灯不仅外观精美雅致，更是一件科学性、艺术性与实用性高度结合的艺术作品:灯壁可开合转向，以调节灯光的强弱和方向;灯烟经执灯宫女铜像右臂进入中空的体内，再进入盛水的灯座中，避免污染空气。精美绝伦的制作工艺和巧妙独特的艺术构思令人叹为观止。金属艺术也承载着一文化交流。唐代墓金舞马街杯银壶就是不同民族文化交融的物证。汉代丝绸之路带来中亚和西亚的金银器加工技术，与中原的技法交流融合，在唐代达到新的高度。得益于精湛的捶探技法，银壶上骏马的细节才能表现清晰，口鼻眼的轮廓、躯干的肌肉线条都历历可见，形象呼之欲出。而皮囊形的壶身，显然是借鉴了游软民族的器物形制。能工巧匠们萃取了各民族的艺术精华，创造出国宝级艺术珍品。 随着时间推移和社会发展，我国古代金属艺术的工艺技巧日趋精湛，作品更加注重装饰性，强调复杂的手工技法，艺术风格越来越华丽繁复。加之金属属于贵重材质，特别是黄金和白银是古代稀有的材料，用金银等加工制成的金属艺术品，更是华美珍贵的质料与精致繁复的技艺的结晶，具有市场和艺术的双重价值。工业革命的兴起推动世界的现代化进程，科技的飞速进步、机械化大生产的普及使得各类金属制品进入寻常百姓家，通信的发达和国际交往的频繁使得东西方艺术风格交流碰撞，追求简洁‘几何化的现代审美风格逐渐风靡。而对于传统手工艺价值的反思和对非物质文化遗产的保护也随之兴起，当代金属L术在手工艺与机械工艺的碰撞之下应运而生。‘ 当代金属艺术一方.面重视体现传统手工艺的审美价值，强调与自然的和谐、对非完美 的宽容、对过程的展示和对感性的释放;另一方面不断汲取机械工艺的优长，将新材料、新技术引入金属艺术创作，使金属艺术创作的材质从传统拓展到各类合金乃至综合材料，金属艺术工艺从传统发展到先进机械工艺乃至3D打印等。从这个意义上来讲，一当代金属艺术上承民族传统工艺的精神，下启独立审美表达、先进工艺技术与国际融合创新的木来。 (节选自王晓听《熔古铸今话金工》，有删改) 1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是(3分) A.夏启命令九州牧贡献青铜铸鼎，于是一鼎象征九州就成为夏王统治天下的标志。 B.汉代长信宫灯外观精美雅致，它的制作工艺和独特艺术构思至今仍然无法企及。 C.唐代婆金舞马衔杯银壶萃取各个民族的艺术精华，它属于我国国宝级艺术珍品。
2018年青岛市高考模拟检测 文科综合能力测试（历史） 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共16页。满分300分。考试用时150分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必用0．5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置。 2．第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．第Ⅱ卷必须用0．5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 第Ⅰ卷 本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 24.《世本》记载“黄帝见百物，始穿井”。考古发现，河南汤阴白营遗址中的水井，以及 洛阳矬李遗址的一口圆形水井，距今约四千多年，证明四、五千年前中原地区水井已存在。可见 A．没有遗址辅证的古书必然有争议B．古代书籍与历史遗址有互证作用 C．考古遗址是历史认识的唯一来源D．《世本》等书历史研究价值不大 25. 战国时期，士人一旦受到国君赏识，便可提拔为国之重臣。魏文侯重用李悝、吴起， 魏国首霸中原；燕昭王尊郭隗为师，用乐毅等士，燕国得以振兴。这类做法 A．导致士人阶层掌控国政B．改变了天下分裂的趋势 C．冲击了传统的血缘政治D．反映了百家争鸣的局面 26. 据南宋洪迈《容斋续笔》卷十六记载，“士大夫发迹垄亩，贵为公卿，谓父祖旧庐为 不可居，而更新其宅者多矣。复以医药弗便，饮膳难得，自村疃而迁于邑，自邑而迁于郡者亦多矣”。材料所述“地主城居”现象 A．加速了小农经济的衰落B．导致了坊市界限的瓦解 C．推动了市镇经济的繁荣D．密切了城乡经济的联系 27．邹衍曾提出“五德终始”学说，用当时流行的“五行”学说解释历史的变迁和王朝的更替，认为历史是所谓“五德”相继更替、周而复始的循环。《三国演义》开宗明义写道：“话说天下大势，分久必合，合久必分……”，这
2018高考英语全国卷II 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(功5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.what does john find difficult in learning German? A.Pronunciation B.V ocabulary C.Grammar 2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Colleagues B.Brother and sister C.Teacher and student 3.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bank B. At a ticket coffee C. On the train 4. What are the speakers talking about? A.A restaurant B.A street C.A dish 5. How does this woman think of her interview? A.It was tough B. It was interesting C. It was Successful 第二节(功15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5短对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题有5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.When will Judy go to the party? A.On Monday B.On Tuesday C.On Wednesday 7.What will Max do next? A. Fly a kite B. Read a magazine C. Do his homework 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What does the man suggest doing at first? A. Go to a concert B. Watching a movie C. Playing a computer games 9. What do the speakers decide to do? A.Visit Mike B.Go boating C.Talk a walk 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Which color do cats see better than humans? A.Red B.Green C.Blue 11.Why do cats bring dead birds home? A. To eat them in a safe place. B.To show off their hunting skills. C. To make their owners happy. 12.How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A. Grateful. B. Humorous C. Curious 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题
2018年广州市综合测试（二）历史试题2018．4 24．西周时期“孝道”观念的核心是崇拜祖先，行孝的主要形式是祭祀；春秋时期，“孝”的对象主要是父母，行孝的主要形式是“养”和“敬”。这一变化反映了春秋时期 A．个体家庭作用的提升 B．血缘观念的淡化 C．儒家思想地位的提高 D．君主专制的建立 25．表1 表1是与汉代海昏侯刘贺有关的历史材料。据此可知 A．刘贺昏庸无道不重礼制B．当时皇室重视儒学教育 C．汉代“四书”地位超过“五经” D．刘贺以皇帝的身份下葬 26．宋代有知识分子主张重建上古时代的宗法组织，形成了以修宗谱、建宗祠、置族田、立族长、定族规为特征的新的宗族制度。高级官僚在宗族建设中起了重要作用，如范仲淹为加强本族内部的相互扶助，设立了“义庄”等。这些做法有利于 A．抑制土地兼并B．进一步完善选官制度 C．推动世俗文化发展 D．国家权力在乡村的渗透 27．元代划分行省边界时基本不考虑山川形胜，于是出现了许多跨山越岭、逾河渡江的政区。明朝时政区划分比较符合自然山川形胜。导致这一变化的原因是明代 A．形成了国家政治统一的局面B．经济重心南移 C．对地方的控制力进一步加强D．边患危机解除 28．魏源在《海国图志》中，采信地圆、地动等天文地理学说，提出圆形的地球之上，“居中之国”并不存在；他还认为“今华夷通市，正朔相通”，故比较了中国农历与西洋历法的差异，“以便稽览”。这表明魏源A．倡导“师夷长技以自强”B．主张与外国进行“商战” C．突破了传统的华夷观念D．为制度变革寻求理论依据 29．据统计，1865—1894年中国共有商办新式企业139家，创业总资本约455万两，其中上海有29家，广东有95家，从资本数量来看，上海为244．5万两，广东为184．2万两。这表明当时 A．新式企业的地区分布不平衡B．机器生产取代了手工业生产 C．政府放宽了民间设厂的限制D．广东是全国经济贸易的中心 30．表2
2018山东青岛二模理综试题(高清精校版)
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科综合能力测试 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。第I卷1至7页，第Ⅱ卷8至18页，共300分。考试时间150分钟。 考生注意： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。 2．第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，第Ⅱ卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答，在试题卷上作答，答案无效。 3．考试结束，监考员将答题卡收回。 可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1 C—12 N —14 O—16 Cu—64 理科综合能力测试第2页（共18页）
第I卷(选择题共126分) 本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。 一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。在 每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合 题目要求的。 1．下列关于物质跨膜运输的叙述，正确的是A．磷脂是构成细胞膜的重要成分，但与物质的跨膜运输无关 B．神经递质的释放过程需要消耗能量，但不需要载体蛋白 C．在质壁分离的过程中，植物细胞液浓度逐渐降低 D．神经元细胞处于静息状态时不进行葡萄糖的跨膜运输 2．近期，斯坦福大学公布了一项新的癌症治疗研究成果，他们发明的两种药物可直接注射到肿瘤组织中，激活T细胞增强其杀伤能力，来达到杀死肿瘤细胞的目的。下列相关叙述不正确的是 理科综合能力测试第3页（共18页）
A．细胞中的抑癌基因主要是阻止细胞的不正常增殖 B．癌变是多个基因突变引起的，因此该项成果不能用于多种癌症的治疗 C．杀死肿瘤细胞的过程中细胞免疫发挥了重要作用 D．对肿瘤病理切片的显微镜观察和癌基因检测可以作为癌症诊断的依据 3．下列有关基因表达的叙述中正确的是A．mRNA中碱基数量越多翻译形成的多肽链就越长 B．胰岛素基因和RNA聚合酶基因不能在同一细胞中表达 C．由于密码子具有简并性，因此一种tRNA 可与多种氨基酸结合 D．mRNA的密码子序列直接控制蛋白质分子中氨基酸的排列顺序 理科综合能力测试第4页（共18页）
秘密★启用前 试卷类型：A 2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二） 文科数学 2018．4 本试卷共5页，23小题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B 铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。 2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。 3．作答填空题和解答题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一 项是符合题目要求的． 1．已知集合{}1,0,1,2M =-，{ 0N x x =<或}1x >，则M N 中的元素个数为 A ．1 B ．2 C ．3 D ．4 2．若a 为实数，且(1i)(i)=2a a +- ，则=a A ．1- B ．0 C ．1 D ．2 3．执行如图的程序框图，若输出3 2y = ，则输入A ．2log 31-B ．21log 3-C ．21log 3- D 4．若双曲线2 2 22:1x y C a b -=( )0,0a b >>程为2y x =，则C 的离心率为 A B C ． 2 D ． 2
5．根据下图给出的2000年至2016年我国实际利用外资情况，以下结论正确的是 A ．2000年以来我国实际利用外资规模与年份负相关 B ．2010年以来我国实际利用外资规模逐年增大 C ．2008年我国实际利用外资同比增速最大 D ．2010年我国实际利用外资同比增速最大 6．已知命题:p x ?∈R ,2 10x x +->；命题:q x ?∈R ，23x x >，则下列命题中为真命题的是 A ．p q ∧ B ．()p q ∨? C ．()p q ?∨ D ．()()p q ?∧? 7．设,x y 满足约束条件11, 13,x x y -?? +? ≤≤≤≤则3z x y =-的取值范围是 A ．[]1,3- B ．[]1,3 C ．[]7,1- D ．[]7,3- 8．若函数()()sin f x x ω?=+的部分图象如图所示，则()f x 的单调递增区间是 A ．,63k k ππ? ? π-π+????(k ∈Z ) B ．5,36k k ππ?? π+ π+???? (k ∈Z ) C ．2,263k k ππ?? π-π+??? ? (k ∈Z ) D ．52,236k k ππ?? π+ π+???? (k ∈Z ) 9．设{}n a 是公差不为零的等差数列，其前n 项和为n S ，若2 2 2 2 3478a a a a +=+，721S =-， 则10a = A ．8 B ．9 C ．10 D ．12 12π7π12 实际利用外资规模 实际利用外资同比增速
2018年全国二卷 一、现代文阅读(36分) (一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题，9分) 阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题 所谓“被遗忘权”，即数据主体有权要求数据控制者永久删除有关数据主体的个人数据，有权被互联网遗忘，除非数据的保留有合法的理由。在大数据时代，数字化、廉价的存储器、易于提取、全球性覆盖作为数字化记忆发展的四大驱动力，改变了记忆的经济学，使得海量的数字化记忆不仅唾手可得，甚至比选择性删除所耗费的成本更低。记忆和遗忘的平衡反转，往事正像刺青一样刻在我们的数字肌肤上;遗忘变得困难，而记忆却成了常态。“被遗忘权”的出现，意在改变数据主体难以“被遗忘”的格局，赋予数据主体对信息进行自决控制的权利，并且有着更深的调节、修复大数据时代数字化记忆伦理的意义。 首先，“被遭忘权”不是消极地防御自己的隐私不受侵犯，而是主体能动地控制个人信息，并界定个人隐私的边界。进一步说，是主体争取主动建构个人数字化记忆与遗忘的权利。与纯粹的“隐私权”不同，“被遗忘权”更是一项主动性的权利，其权利主体可自主决定是否行使该项权利对网络上已经被公开的有关个人信息进行删除，是数据主体对自己的个人信息所享有的排除他人非法利用的权利。 其次，在数据快速流转且难以被遗忘的大数据时代，“被遗忘权”对调和人类记忆与遗忘的平衡具有重要的意义。如果在大数据时代不能“被遗忘”，那意味着人们容易被囚禁在数字化记忆的监狱之中。不论是个人的遗忘还是社会的遗忘，在某种程度上都是一种个人及社会修复和更新的机制，让我们能够从过去经验中吸取教训，面对现实，想象未来，而不仅仅被过去的记忆所束缚。 最后，大数据技术加进了人的主体身份的“被数据化”，人成为数据的表征，个人生活的方方面面都在以数据的形式被记忆。大数据所建构的主体身份会导致某种危险，即“我是”与“我喜欢”变成了“你是”与“你将会喜欢”。大数据的力量可以利用信息去推动、劝服、影响甚至限制我们的认同，也就是说，不是主体想把自身塑造成什么样的人，而是客观的数据来显示主体是什么样的人，技术过程和结果反而成为支配人、压抑人的力量，进一步说，数字化记忆与认同背后的核心问题在于权力不由数据主体掌控，而是数据控制者选择和建构关于我们的数字化记忆，并塑造我们的认同。这种大数据的分类系统并不是客观中立的，而是指向特定的目的。因此，适度的、合理的遗忘，是对这种数字化记忆霸权的抵抗。(摘编自袁梦倩《“被遗忘权”之争:大数据时代的数字化记忆与隐私边界》） 1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是(3分) A. 由于数字化记忆的发展，记忆与遗忘的平衡发生了反转，记忆变得更加容易。 B. 人的主体身份所以被数据化，是因为个人信息选择性删除所耗费的成本太高。 C. “被遗忘权”和“隐私权”的提出都是为了对抗大数据，不过前者更积极一些。 D. 我们要对抗数字化记忆霸权，就要成为数据控制者并建构他人的数字化记忆。 2.下列对原文论证的相关分析。不正确的一项是(分) A. 文章以数字化记忆带来的成胁为立论的事实基础，论证了人被数据控制的危险。 B. 通过讨论大数据对隐私、记忆及主体身份等的影响，文章把论证推向了深入。 C. 与重视个人隐私的写作动机有关，文章着重论证了大数据对个人权利的影响。 D. 文章通过分析数字化记忆可能带来的问题，对我们的认同问题作出了全新论证。 3.根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是(3分) A. 大数据时代的个人留在网上的信息太多，如果没有主动权，就难以保护隐私。 B. 遗忘是个人和社会的一种修复和更新机制，是我们面对现实和想象未来的基础。
2018年广州二模文综政治参考答案 12——16 D、A、B、B、B 17——23 C、A、D、C、D、C、A 38. 重要性：国有企业在国民经济中起主导作用；推进国有企业改革，对于完善社会主义市场经济体制，建设现代化经济体系，具有关键作用；有利于增强经济实力，推动科技进步，提高全球竞争力。（10分） 政策建议：完善各类国有资产管理体制，改革国有资本授权经营体制；加快国有经济布局优化结构调整、战略性重组；推动国有企业完善现代企业制度，健全公司法人治理结构；稳妥推进混合所有制改革；激发和保护企业家精神、弘扬工匠精神；加强国家创新体系建设，加强对企业创新的支持，促进科技成果转化。（4分） 39.（1）党以宪法与法律为活动准则，严格依法按程序进行修宪，向全国人大提出修宪建议，支持人大依法履行职能，使党的主张通过法定程序上升为国家意志，体现了党领导立法、带头守法，坚持依宪执政、依宪治国。（6分） （2）增强国家工作人员履行职务的使命感和责任感；强化国家工作人员对人民、人民赋予的权力、对宪法和法律的敬畏之心；促进国家工作人员依照宪法和法律行使权力履行职务，维护宪法权威。（6分） 40．（1）诚信作为社会主义核心价值观，是公民个人立身之本，是高尚的人格力量的体现，有助于提高个人诚信意识、规则意识，提高个人思想觉悟、道德水准、文明素养；弘扬诚信文化，可以营造优良信用环境，提高全社会文明程度，维护社会稳定。（10分） （2）价值观对人们认识和改造世界的活动具有重要的导向作用，自觉站在最广大人民的立场上才能作出正确的价值判断和价值选择。李江福坚持诚信经营理念，不拖欠农民工工资，并严把质量关，维护了农民工的合法权益和广大客户的根本利益；同时给自己带来了良好的人际关系和广阔市场，使企业获得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。我们要学习李江福，树立诚信为本的价值观，在砥砺自我中创造和实现人生价值。（12分） （3）本题仅提供评分要求：符合主题，不同角度，具体、可行。每条建议2分，共4分。 答案示例：统一征信平台,完善个人征信信息；统一社会信用代码，建立守信激励和失信联合惩戒机制，提高违法失信的社会成本；开通“信用中国”网站，为社会提供一站式信用信息查询；倡导契约精神，培育诚信文化；开展丰富多彩的诚信主题实践活动；积极宣传或推介诚信典型。
2018高考英语全国卷II(精校版)含答案
2018高考英语全国卷II 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(功5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.what does john find difficult in learning German? A.Pronunciation B.Vocabulary C.Grammar 2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Colleagues B.Brother and sister C.Teacher and student 3.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bank B. At a ticket coffee C. On the train 4. What are the speakers talking about? A.A restaurant B.A street C.A dish 5. How does this woman think of her interview? A.It was tough B. It was interesting C. It was Successful
第二节(功15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5短对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题有5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.When will Judy go to the party? A.On Monday B.On Tuesday C.On Wednesday 7.What will Max do next? A. Fly a kite B. Read a magazine C. Do his homework 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What does the man suggest doing at first? A. Go to a concert B. Watching a movie C. Playing a computer games 9. What do the speakers decide to do? A.Visit Mike B.Go boating C.Talk a walk 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Which color do cats see better than humans?
2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二） 语文参考答案 一、（35分） （一）本题共3小题，9分 1．【理解分析】（3分） C（A项，对“中和之美”的追求不能决定“天人合一”的文化传统。 B项，中国古代生命哲学并不是由中国传统艺术创作的必然规律发展而来。 D项，中国古代传统书画并 没有表现出“时间与空间相互转化的生命之美”。） 2．【论证分析】（3分） B（文章并没有举出西方艺术的具体事例。） 3．【分析推断】（3分） C（运用“生生美学”的思维模式，不一定能够“创造出圆柔而饱含生命张力的艺术形象”。）（二）本题共3小题，14分 4.【分析鉴赏】（3分） A（小说开篇没有运用倒叙手法。） 5．【技巧鉴赏】（5分） ①照应标题，与开头儿子玩纸飞机相呼应；②增添画面感，给读者留下想象空间；③ 升华主旨，象征关爱、感恩之情在邻里间相互传递。 [5分。一点2分，两点4分，三点5分。意思对即可。] 6．【语言探究】（6分） ①大量使用极富乡土气息的方言土语，如名词、动词和语气词等，鲜活真实；②修辞 的运用极具乡土气息，新颖别致；③人物对话具有浓厚的乡土味；④整体语言风格质朴自然。 [6分。每点2分。答出其中三点得6分。意思对即可。] （三）本题共3小题，12分 7.【信息理解】（3分） C（劳动者参与共享经济活动后，不一定就成为“自雇”个体。） 8.【概括分析】（5分） D（共享经济的冲击并没有使实体经济企业与劳动者关系发生改变。） 9.【分析探究】（6分） 第一问：①就业机会多；②就业方式灵活；③劳动者对就业单位的依赖程度降低； ④面临的劳动关系风险加大。 第二问：①更新就业理念，把握就业机会；②掌握更多技能，增强适应能力；③熟悉相关劳动保障制度，降低就业风险。 [6分。第一问3分，答对一点1分；第二问3分，答对一点1分。意思对即可。]
2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试 英语试题 第二部阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/ carers will be asked to sign to confirm their children’s choices.
21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D.POT. 22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London B. see a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23. How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days C. Five days D. One week. B Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colorful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into Vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care? However, they are rich in Vitamin C. When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruits shakes an d low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “Soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. 24.What does the author seem to like about cherries? A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A. C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants. 25.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour. C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition. 26.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
2018年广州二模物理试题含参考答案
理科综合试题 第2页 （共16页） + -a b P a a b O 2018年广州二模物理试题 二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48 分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。 14．a 、b 两离子从平行板电容器两板间P 处垂直电场入射，运动轨迹如图。若a 、b 的偏转时间相同，则a 、b 一定相同的物理量是 A ．荷质比 B ．入射速度 C ．入射动能 D ．入射动量 15．如图，轻绳的一端系在固定光滑斜面上的O 点，另一端系一小球。给小球一个初速度使它在斜面上做完整的圆周运动，a 、b 分别为最低点和最高点，则小球 A ．重力的瞬时功率始终为零 B ．所受的向心力大小不变 C ．在b 点的速度不可能为零 D ．在a 点所受轻绳拉力一定大于小球重力
理科综合试题 第3页 （共16页） a M N 16．小球在光滑水平面上以速度v 0做匀速直线运 动。某时刻开始小球受到水平恒力F 的作用，速度先减小后增大，最小速度v 的大小为0.5v 0，则小球 A ． 可 能 做 圆 周 运 动 B ．速度变化越来越快 C ．初速度v 0与F 的夹角为60° D ．速度最小时，v 与F 垂直 17．如图，同一平面内有两根互相平行的长直导 线M 和N ，通有等大反向的电流，该平面内的a 、b 两点关于导线N 对称，且a 点与两导线的距离相等。若a 点的磁感应强度大小为B ，则下列关于b 点磁感应强度B b 的判断正确的是 A ． B B 2b >，方向垂直该平面向里 B ．B B 2 1 b <，方向垂直该平面向外C ．B B B <2018全国三卷语文精校版(含答案)+
绝密★启用前 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、现代文阅读（36 分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3 小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1?3题。 对城市而言，文明弹性是一个城市体在生存、创新、适应、应变等方面的综合状态、综合能力，是公共性与私人性之间、多样性与共同性之间、稳定性与变迁性之间、柔性与刚性之间的动态和谐。过于绵柔、松散，或者过于刚硬，密集，都是弹性不足或丧失的表现，是城市体出现危机的表征。当代城市社会，尤其需要关注以下文明弹性问题。 其一，空间弹性。城市具有良好空间弹性的一个重要表现，是空间的私人性与公共性关系能够得到较为合理的处理。任何城市空间都是私人性与公共性的统一，空间弹性的核心问题，就是如何实现空间的公共性与私人性的有机统一、具体转换。片面地强调空间的公共性或片面地强调空间的私人性，都会使城市发展失去基础。目前，人们更多地要求空间的私人性，注重把空间固化为永恒的私人所有物、占有物，这种以私人化为核心的空间固化倾向，造成城市空间弹性不足，正在成为制约城市发展的一个重要原因。 其二，制度弹性。一种较为理想的、有弹性的城市制度，是能够在秩序与活力、生存与发展间取得相对平衡的制度。城市有其发展周期、发展阶段，对一个正在兴起的城市而言，其主要任务是聚集更多的发展资源、激活发展活力。而对一个已经发展起来的城市而言，人们会更为注重城市制度的稳定功能。但问题在于，即使是正在崛起的城市，也需要面对秩序与稳定的问题；即使是一个已经发展起来的城市，也需要面对新活力的激活问题。过于注重某种形式的城市制度，过于注重城市制度的某种目标，都是城市制度弹性不足、走向僵化的表现，都会妨害城市发展。 其三，意义弹性。所谓城市的意义弹性，是指城市能够同时满足多样人群的不同层面的意义需要，并能够使不同的意义与价值在总体上达到平衡与和谐，不断形成具体的意义共同性。当一个城市体只允许一种、一个层面的意义存在时，这个城市体可能繁荣一时，但必然会走向衰落。当一个城市体只能满足某一类人的意义追求、意义需要时，这个城市体也往往会丧失活力。当一个城市体被某一类型的意义体系固化时，这个城市体往往不具有综合吸纳 力、发展潜力。启蒙主义的片面化，理性主义的片面化，世俗主义的片面化，神圣主义的片面化，都会导致城市意义弹性的减弱，都会从根基处危害城市的健康可持续发展。 综上所述，保持城市的空间弹性、制度弹性、意义弹性，并以此为基础，把握城市的类型构成与历史，建构城市命运共同体，对于城市社会的健康发展而言，是意义重大的。 （摘编自陈忠《城市社会：文明多样性与命运共同体》） 1. 下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分） A. 当前城市空间弹性核心的问题是缺乏有机统一，这使得城市发展丧失了基础。 B. 已发展的城市和崛起中的城市都面临着激活活力的问题，也都需要有制度弹性。 C. 城市的意义对不同的人群来说是不一样的，城市体需要一种抽象的意义共同性。 D. 在诸多原因中，空间、制度及意义三者的弹性不足是影响城市发展的根本原因。 2. 下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（3分） A. 文章在理论论证的过程中提及空间被私人性固化的现状，有其现实的指向。 B. 文章区分了文明弹性的层面，也区分了城市体发展的阶段，论证结构清晰。
2018年广东省中考语文二模试卷及答案 1.根据课文默写古诗文。 (1)子曰：“三军可夺帅也，_______________________________。”（《论语?子罕》） (2)_______________________________，自将磨洗认前朝。东风不与周郎便， _______________________________。（杜牧《赤壁》） (3)其受之天也，_______________________________。卒之为众人， _______________________________。（王安石《伤仲永》） (4)无言独上西楼，月如钩。_______________________________。剪不断，理还乱，是离愁。_______________________________。（李煜《相见欢》） (5)把孟浩然的《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》默写完整。 _______________________________，_______________________________。 _______________________________，_______________________________。 坐观垂钓者，徒有羡鱼情。欲济无舟楫，端居耻圣明。 2.根据拼音写出相应的词语。 (1)以王凌云为司令官，企图zǔè___________人民解放军向南发展的道路。 (2)几年过去了，我渐渐明白：那是一个幸运的人对一个不幸者的 kuìzuò ___________ (3)（我）又常常把这两句话向我的朋友 qiǎng guōbùshě___________ (4)在她的眼里，月的阴晴圆缺不再各具风韵，反倒 xiǎn xiàng diéshē ng___________，勾起了无穷的得失之患。 3.下列句子中加点的词语使用不恰当的一项是（） A.人生的价值不在于有多大的建树，只要你善于发掘快乐，再平凡的工作也是有意义的。 B.蜻蜓纵情地吮吸着荷叶上的露水，叶子下的水面泛起阵阵涟漪。 C.一向要强的她受到老师的批评后，忍俊不禁地哭了。 D.他对电子科学一窍不通，你要找他解决问题，岂不是问道于盲？
2018年广州二模（历史部分） 24．西周时期“孝道”观念的核心是崇拜祖先，行孝的主要形式是祭祀；春秋时期，“孝”的对象主要是父母，行孝的主要形式是“养”和“敬”。这一变化反映了春秋时期A．个体家庭作用的提升 B．血缘观念的淡化 C．儒家思想地位的提高 D．君主专制的建立 25．表1 表1是与汉代海昏侯刘贺有关的历史材料。据此可知 A．刘贺昏庸无道不重礼制 B．当时皇室重视儒学教育 C．汉代“四书”地位超过“五经” D．刘贺以皇帝的身份下葬26．宋代有知识分子主张重建上古时代的宗法组织，形成了以修宗谱、建宗祠、置族田、立族长、定族规为特征的新的宗族制度。高级官僚在宗族建设中起了重要作用，如范仲淹为加强本族内部的相互扶助，设立了“义庄”等。这些做法有利于 A．抑制土地兼并 B．进一步完善选官制度 C．推动世俗文化发展 D．国家权力在乡村的渗透27．元代划分行省边界时基本不考虑山川形胜，于是出现了许多跨山越岭、逾河渡江的政区。明朝时政区划分比较符合自然山川形胜。导致这一变化的原因是明代 A．形成了国家政治统一的局面 B．经济重心南移 C．对地方的控制力进一步加强 D．边患危机解除 28．魏源在《海国图志》中，采信地圆、地动等天文地理学说，提出圆形的地球之上，“居中之国”并不存在；他还认为“今华夷通市，正朔相通”，故比较了中国农历与西洋历法的差异，“以便稽览”。这表明魏源 A．倡导“师夷长技以自强” B．主张与外国进行“商战” C．突破了传统的华夷观念 D．为制度变革寻求理论依据29．据统计，1865—1894年中国共有商办新式企业139家，创业总资本约455万两，其中上海有29家，广东有95家，从资本数量来看，上海为244．5万两，广东为184．2万两。这表明当时 A．新式企业的地区分布不平衡 B．机器生产取代了手工业生产 C．政府放宽了民间设厂的限制 D．广东是全国经济贸易的中心
广东省2018届高三4月模拟考试（二模）理综 1. 《物理小识》中对镀金法有如下叙述:“以汞和金涂银器上，成白色，入火则汞去,而金存,数次即黄。”其中“入火则汞去”是指（） A. 蒸发 B. 升华 C. 分液 D. 分馏 【答案】A 【解析】“入火则汞去”是指常温下汞为液态，加热时汞变为汞蒸气，故指的是蒸发。答案选A。 点睛：本题考查物质分离的常见方法。蒸发是指液体温度低于沸点时，发生在液体表面的汽化过程；升华指物质由于温差太大，从固态不经过液态直接变成气态的相变过程；分液是把两种互不混溶的液体分离开的操作方法；分馏是分离几种不同沸点的混合物的一种方法;对某一混合物进行加热，针对混合物中各成分的不同沸点进行冷却分离成相对纯净的单一物质过程。 2. 苦艾精油是一种神经毒素，可分离出多种化合物，其中四种的结构如下: 下列说法错误的是（） A. ①②③分子中所有的碳原子不可能处于同一平面内 B. ①②均能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色 C. ②、④互为同分异构体 D. ③的一氯代物有5种 【答案】C 【解析】A.根据甲烷为正四面体结构，①②③分子中均含有同一个碳上的两个甲基，故所有的碳原子不可能处于同一平面内，选项A正确；B. ①②均含有碳碳双键，②中还含有醇羟基，均能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色，选项B正确；C、②的分子式为C10H18O，④的分子式为C10H16O，不互为同分异构体，选项C错误；D、D. ③按中位置为左右对称，有5种不同环境下的氢，其一氯代物有5种，选项D正确。答案选D。 3. 设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的数值。下列说法正确的是（）
A. 25℃时,pH=12的氨水中所含OH-的数目为0.01N A B. 36g由35Cl 和37C1组成的氯气中所含质子数一定为17N A C. 7.8 g Na2O2与足量酸性KMnO4溶液反应,转移的电子数为0.2N A D. 30 g由甲醛(HCHO)与乙酸混合的溶液中所含C-H键的数目为2N A 【答案】C 【解析】A、没有给定体积，无法计算氢氧根离子的数目，选项A错误；B、由35Cl 和37C1组成的氯气的相对分子质量有3种：70、72、74，无法计算36g由35Cl 和37C1组成的氯气的物质的量，选项B错误；C. 7.8 g Na2O2即0.1mol与足量酸性KMnO4溶液反应,因氧由-1价变为0价，故转移的电子数为0.2N A，选项C正确；D. 甲醛和乙酸的最简式相同，但相对分子质量不同，所含有C-H也不按比例，无法计算30 g由甲醛(HCHO)与乙酸混合的溶液中所含C-H键的数目，选项D错误。答案选C。 4. 短周期主族元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大,X、Y的最外层电子数之和等于6, 且X、Y 位于不同的周期,W的最简单气态氢化物与Z的单质形成的混合气体在光照条件下可得到Z的氢化物和油状混合物。下列说法正确的是（） A. 简单离子的半径: Y>Z B. X的最简单氢化物与Z的单质混合后可产生白烟 C. Z的氧化物对应的水化物酸性-定比W 的强 D. W、X、Y 三种元素形成的化合物YWX的水溶液呈中性 【答案】B 点睛：本题考查元素周期律元素周期表的知识。短周期主族元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大, W的最简单气态氢化物与Z的单质形成的混合气体在光照条件下可得到Z的氢化物和油状混合物，可知W为碳元素，Z为氯元素，X、Y的最外层电子数之和等于6,且X、