被动语态的用法及练习
（一）语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如：They built the bridge.
The bridge was built by them.
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词+by+施动者”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
1. 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般将来时的被动语态:
(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词
(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done
例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词
(三)被动语态的用法
1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：
Li Lei planted the tree last year. →The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
Workers made the machines in Changsha. →The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：
He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。
注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：
I saw him go into the teachers’office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：
He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。
【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。
(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：
He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：
She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。
The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。
（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done
（五）不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
习题讲解和练习题
一、习题讲解
1.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.
(提示) the problem -be - discuss
2.Has anybody fed the birds?
(提示) Has anybody - be - feed
3.People will never forget the accident.
(提示) the accident - will be - forget
4.They are repairing the car in the garage.
(提示) the car - be being - repair
5.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.
(提示) the light - must have - be - turn on
6.They have found ways to make waste water clean.
7.Someone must take care of the children when we go out.
8.They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.
9.You may write this letter in pencil.
10.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态复习ABC
A．熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：
一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．
一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．
一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋p．p．
现在完成时：have ／has been ＋p．p．
现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．
过去将来时：should ／would be ＋p．p．
含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：
①Chinese ______ by the largest number of people．
A．speak
B．is speaking
C．speaks
D．is spoken
（选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态）
②The boy ______ to get supper ready after school．
A．were told
B．is telling
C．was told
D．tells
（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）
③A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China．
A．must
B．must be C．has
D．have
（选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态）
B．明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
2．强调动作的承受者。例如：
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy．
（填was broken）
C．熟练转换
1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。
2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：
①You must throw the broken pottery away at once．
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句）
（填m ust be thrown away）
②Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）
Where ______ vegetables ______ ？（填were；grown）
D．注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：
①He told us a story．（变被动语态）
→We were told a story（by him）．或：A story was told to us by him．
②Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother．
（填was given to）
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
①This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library．
A．take away
B．taken away
C．are taken away
D．be taken away
［D］
②She will take good care of the children．（变被动语态）
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）．
（填be taken good care of）
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．
（填was seen to）
4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city．
A．be building
B．build
C．be built
D．built
［C］
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）
→By whom has the cup been broken？
E．注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构）
The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）
2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：
He was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）
F．牢记（相关）句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
1．be covered with被……覆盖
2．be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）
be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）
be made in由（某地）制造
be made by被（某人）制造
3．be used for被用来……
be used as被当作（作为）……来使用
be used to do sth．被用来做某事
4．It is said that．．．据说……
It is hoped that．．．希望……
It is well known that．．．众所周知……例如：
①—Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？
—Yes．It's Shanghai．
A．made of；made by
B．made of；made in
C．made for；made by
D．made for；made in
［B］
②This machine is used ______ the room wet．
A．for keeping
B．as keeping
C．keep
D．to keeping
［A］
③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing．
（填It is said；another bridge；built）
练习题
把下列句子变成被动语态
1.We found some jewels in a box.
2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
3. James has left a parcel for you.
4. You must finish the article before Friday.
5. They will not paint the house again next year.
6. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.
7. I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.
8. Where did he translate the story?
9. We had to repair our TV set.
10. Do they take good care of the sick?
11. They company has paid the workers very handsome wages.
12. They showed me the room where they lived.
把下列句子变成主动语态
1.Spanish is spoken in South America.
2. The plans will have to be revised.
3. All the words must be looked up in a dictionary.
4. Has John been cured of his heart illness?
5. The door should not have been left open all night.
6. We are afraid that we may be attacked at night.
7. We are being taught how to operate the new machine.
用动词的正确时态填空
Our desks and chairs ________________ (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers ______ also ___________ (make) from wood. Even some kinds of cloth __________________ (make) from it. Many people ____________ (burn) wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood _______ (be) important in our everyday life. Where ________ wood __________ (come) from? It ________________ (take) from trees which _____________(grow) in the mountains. _________ you ____________ (know) how it ____________ (get) to us from the mountains?
First of all, trees ___________(cut) down when they ______________(grow) big enough. Then their branches _______________ (cut) off, and logs _______________(make).These heavy logs ________________(put) together in different ways and _________________ (take) down to the foot of the mountains. Some of them _________________ (float使漂流) down the small rivers and others _________________ (carry) down on trains.
Big trees ________________(cut) down in the mountains every year. Then young ones ______________________ (must, plant) so that we ______ always ________________ (can, have) enough wood. We have to take good care of mountains so that they __________ always _________________ (may, cover) with growing trees.
翻译
1.The shirt washes well.
2. The shirt is being washed now.
3. The door won’t lock.
4. The shop is closed now.
5. The room is filled with smoke.
6. It is reported that the big fire has been put out.
7.台湾属于中国.
8.韩寒的书很畅销.
9.这录音机不转.
10.火灾是怎样发生的?
11.这个问题值得讨论.
12.这种布摸起来很柔软.
选择正确答案
1. When I got to his office, I __________ that he_________ out.
A. told, had been
B. was told, was
C. had told, was
D. was told, had been
2. The vegetables didn’t t aste very good. They ______ for too long.
A. cooked
B. were cooked
C. had cooked
D. had been cooked
3. The anti-Japanese war ______ in 1937 and it ______ eight years.
A. was broken, lasted
B. broke out, lasted
C. break out, lasted
D. broke out, was lasted
4. She was heard __A______ an English song.
A. to sing
B. sing
C. sang
D. to be sang
5. These boxes are very heavy ___.
A. be carried
B. carry
C. carried
D. be carrying
6. The police found that the house ________ and a lot of things ________.
A. had been broken into, has been stolen
B. has broken into, has been stolen
C. had been broken into, stolen
D. has broken into, has stolen
7. Coal can ________ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
A. have used
B. used
C. be used
D. use
8. John has never dreamt of _________.
A. taken to Athens
B. taking to Athens
C. be taking to Athens
D. being taken to Athens
9. Nobody likes __________.
A. laughed at
B. laughing at
C. being laughed at
D. being laughed
10. The bridge ___________ will be completed next year.
A. built
B. being built
C. is being built
D. building
11. It is said that tigers ________ in Asia year after year.
A. are being disappeared
B. are disappearing
C. will be disappeared
D. will disappear
12. I’m going to Wuhan tomorrow. Do you have anythi ng ____
to your mother?
A. to take
B. taken
C. to be taken
D. taking
13. Take it easy. There is nothing ______.
A. to worry B . to be worried
C. to be worried about
D. to worry about
14. Your new computer will soon become outdated, because technology _______so fast.
A. is developed
B. is being developed
C. has been developed
D. will developed
15. I won’t go to the party unless _________.
A. invited
B. being invited
C. be invited
D. inviting
16. The problem ________ last week is very important.
A. was discussed
B. discussed
C. being discussed
D. be discussed
17. We should keep the animals from ________.
A. be endangered
B. endangering
C. being endangered
D. endangered
18. There are no rivers _______out of the Dead Sea.
A. flowed
B. flowing
C. being flowed
D. be flown
19. This place has been destroyed. So there is no bamboo ______
for pandas to feed on.
A. left
B. leaving
C. leave
D. be left
20. All the preparations for the task ________ , and we are ready to start.
A. completed
B. complete
C. had been completed
D. have been completed
练习题
1)It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.
A) designed
B) has been designed
C) will be designed
D) will have been designed
2)We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.
A) will already have started
B) would already have started
C) shall have already started
D) has already been started
3) She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.
A) is taken
B) takes
C) will be taken
D) has taken
4) Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.
A) is found
B) has been found
C) was found
D) had been found
5)“Have you movedsintosthe new flat?”“Not yet. The room____.”
A) has been painted
B) is painted
C) paints
D) is being painted
6) My pictures ____until next Friday.
A) won't develop
B) aren't developed
C) don't develop
D) won' t be developed
7) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.
A) had been unemployed
B) was unemployed
C) has been unemployed
D) has unemployed
8) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.
A) has been establish
B) have been established
C) have established
D) had been established
9) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.
A) would be fined
B) will be fined C) will being fined
D) will have been fined
10)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”
A) They have been given
B) I have been given
C) I am given
D) They have given to me
11) The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee.
A) is announced
B) have been announced
C) are announced
D) has been announced
12) I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room.
A) was
B) had
C) had been
D) is13)The goods ____when we arrived at the airport.
A) were just unloading
B) were just been unloading
C) had just unloaded
D) were just being unloaded
14) If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.
A) overcomes
B) is overcome
C) has been overcome
D) overcome
15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____taken in the past.
A) was not
B) were not
C) were not being
D) had not been
16) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.
A) I smell
B) it is smelt
C) it smells
D) it is smelling
17) After the race____, the celebration began.
A) had been won
B) is won
C) will be won
D)has been won
18) He was here for a little while, but I don't knowswhereshe ____now.
A) is
B) was
C) had been
D) has been
18) The young teacher has ____ competent.
A) been proved to be
B) proved to be
C) been proved
D) proved being
19) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____photographically in March 1930.
A) discovered
B) was discovered
C) by discovery
D) when discovered
20) To get a better view of the stage, ____.
A)our seats had to be changed
B) our seats were changed
C) we had to change our seats
D) our seats were changed by us
22) After synthetic____, engineers had a better choice of material.
A) created
B) has created C) has been created
D) had been created
23) I think much attention ____your pronunciation.
A) must be paid to
B) ought to be paid to
C) must pay to
D) should be paid to
24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.
A) have taken
B) have been taken
C) have been taking
D) have been taking
25) I don't remember ____the chance to try this method.
A)shavingsbeen given
B) to have been given
C)shavingsgiven
D) to have given
26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.
A) know
B) be known
C) being known
D) to be known
27) The construction of the laboratory ____by the end of next month.
A) must be completed
B) must have been completed
C) will be completing
D) will have been completing
28) They would tell how the African ____on a ship to an American port.
A) was brought
B) could have been brought
C) had been brought
D) was to be brought
29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter.
A) is belonged to
B) belonged
C) belongs
D) is belonging
30) Negotiation ____again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.
A) is to be opened
B) is on the point of opening
C) is going to open
D) opens
31) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet.
A) has not explained
B) has not been explained
C) did not explained
D) were not explained
32) Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.
A) were conducting
B)were conducted
C) had been conducted
D) had conducted
33) When he turned the corner, he found himself ____by a man in black.
A) tailed
B) been tailed
C) was tailed
D) had been tailed
34) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination ____at this moment.
A) is interviewing
B) being interviewed
C) is being interviewed
D) interviewing
35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.
A) building B) build
C) built
D) to build
36) As we know, all the regulations in school ____.
A) must keep to
B) must be kept
C) must keep
D) must be kept up
37) The composition ____any more.
A) need not to be corrected
B) doesn't need to be corrected
C) doesn't need be corrected
D) need not correct
38) The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday
A) to be robbed
B) to have keen robbed
C) robbed
D)shavingsbeen robbed
39) Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there.
A) will have sold
B) will sell
C) have sold
D) will have been sold
40) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it ____.
A) was damaged
B) should be damaged
C) damaged
D) would be damaged
被动语态部分练习题答案：
1)C 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)D 6)D 7)C 8)B 9)B 10)B11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)C 17)A 18)A 19)B20)B 21)C 22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B)
被动语态的几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义 1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。 The window won't open．(这扇窗户打不开。) The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高。) Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。) She doesn't photograph well．(她不上相。) His judgment proved wrong．(他的判断是错的。) The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。) Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天苍蝇容易死亡。) It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好。) How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?) 2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。 My hair needs cutting。． The bike wants repairing． It doesn't deserve mentioning． Hamlet is required reading for the course．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物。) 3)一些固定句型如：e worth doing sth．have/get sth．猨?搩湯履，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义： Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。) Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包)。 The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中。) This tape recorder is in use．(这种录音机正在使用中。) 4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义： ①There be句型： There are a lot of things to do． There is nothing to worry about． ②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时： I want some clothes to wash． Do you have anything to say for yourself? ③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：
英语被动语态用法详解 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The classroom ________ by students every day. A．cleans B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．is cleaning 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语The classroom，单数第三人称形式，与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，再结合every day，可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故选C。 2．The two nurses ________ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion. A．rewarded B．would be rewarded C．have been rewarded D．had been rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”，可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，选D。 考点：考查时态和语态 3．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 4．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，
【精品】英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The house, which _____ last night, ____ my aunt but she doesn’t live there any more. A．was broken into; is belonged to B．broke into; is belonged to C．broke into; belonging to D．was broken into; belongs to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查被动语态和主动语态。句意：这所房子昨晚被拆了，它属于我的姑妈，但她已经不在那里住了。第一空，根据last night 及句意可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，break into“破门而入”，答案为was broken into；第二空，belong to“属于”，无进行和被动语态，结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，答案为belongs to。故选D。 2．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 3．At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in science and technology. A．has discovered B．has been discovered C．had discovered D．had been discovered 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在东京举行的颁奖仪式上，科学家们惊讶于科学技术的发现。科学家们感到惊讶是过去式，故科学技术发现用过去完成时，what于动词discover是被动关系，故选D。 4．The si nger’s music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago. A．viewed B．has viewed C．was viewed D．has been viewed 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态与语态辨析。A. viewed，一般过去式；B. was viewed过去式的被
英语语法：被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分 词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建 一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动 词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自 行车。
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done
英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．More than one worker ______ dismissed. A．have been B．are C．has been D．has 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查主谓一致和语态。句意：不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由"many a,more than one ＋单数名词"构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，故排除A和B，“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。 2．________sco res of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】 因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。句意为：——你有没有听说那起校车事故？——嗯，幸运的是，车上所有的人包括司机都获救了。由题干中的Have you heard...可知，事故发生在过去，且all 为主语，和save逻辑上构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案A符合语境。 4．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。
被动语态的基本用法 一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如：Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如：Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带by短语。 如：The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态) The job was well done. (系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。 如：I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态)
【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler A．inspired B．prompted C．rised D．insured 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查过去分词。A. inspired鼓舞；B. prompted引起，提示；C. rised上升；D. insured确保。句意：电影《辛德勒的名单》的灵感来自一个真实的人，名叫奥斯卡·辛德勒。结合句意可知此处用被动语态，故答案为A。 2．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown. A．is held B．has been held C．will be held D．had been held 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查句式用法。This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。一般来说，This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，so far距今为止，表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动，还没有举办，要用将来时。故选C。 考点: 考查句式用法 3．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 4．The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017. A．announced B．was announced C．announces D．is announced 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意：设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布。计划是被官方宣布，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 5．Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.
教学过程 被动语态的结构及用法 Step 1 Warm-up: Review 复习 一、Review the past participle forms of the verbs 1、规则动词过去分词的构成： (1)一般情况+ed 如worked；以不发音的e结尾，直接+d 如liked (2)以“辅音字母+y”，y →i+ed 如study →studied (3)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾仅一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ed 如stopped，planned 2、特殊变化：课本附录 Step 2 Presentation:呈现 一、语态概述：略讲 1、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，分为主动语态与被动语态两种。 2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg. We clean the classroom. 3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg. The classroom is cleaned by us. 二、被动语态的构成：略 被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。 1、现在： （1）一般现在时am/is/are + done （2）现在进行时am/is/are + being done （3）现在完成时have/has + been done 2、过去： （1）一般过去时was/were + done （2）过去进行时was/were + being done 3、将来：一般将来时shall/will + be done 三、被动语态句式：略 （1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by) The cars are made by them. （2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by)The cars are not made by them. （3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by) Are the cars made by them? （4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by) 四、被动语态的用法： 1、强调动作的承受者eg. Her bike is stolen. 2、淡化动作的执行者（没有说明、没必要指出、不知道） Eg. This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 3、动作的承受者是谈话的中心eg. The picture was drawn by a boy under eight. Step 3 Consolidation:巩固 五、主动与被动的转换：时态不变 A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语 B.谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格→宾格 Eg. He cut down a tree.→A tree was cut down by him. 1、S+V+O
语态篇——常见与不常见的被动 [提问]在下面这个句子中，那些部分为被动语态“I had not originally been scheduled to work this day but I was extremely pleased when I was asked to help out at the last minute, for it would be one of the most memorable days of the games. (Experiencing English Integrated Book Page120)” 答：要分析上面这个句子，并划出相应的被动语态部分，首先要清楚地了解什么是被动语态和被动语态的结构。 在学中，语态是针对动词而言的一种形式，描述句子中和参与此动作的之间关系。语态分为主动Active Voice和被动Passive Voice两种。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态；如果主语为动作的承受者时，称为被动语态。例如：“猫吃老鼠。”这句话是主动语态；而“老鼠被猫吃。”则是被动语态。 一点意见，我觉得这些语法太简单了 被动语态强调动作的对象或动作本身，句中主语是动作的受动者。分析句子时找到主语和谓语动词，如果主语并非主动行为，而是接受动作，是动作指向的对象，那么该句就是被动句。被动语态的基本构成为： be动词+及物动词过去分词。其中be动词随着句子的不同时态发生相应变化，并要注意随主语人称、单复数变化而使用正确形式。 1）一般现在时：am／is／are＋V-ed 2）一般过去时：was／were＋V-ed
一、被动语态的用法： 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。 2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。 其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有 It is reported that…据报道 It is said that…据说 It is believed that…大家相信 It is suggested that…有人建议 二、主动语态变为被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： （1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如：
高考英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Please don’t stand up in class until you ______. A．were told to B．are told C．are told to D．were told 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查省略句。句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。故C选项正确。 【点睛】 to代替不定式 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try，tell等动词连用。 注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。 本句还原为：Please don’t stand u p in class until you are told to stand up。省略句为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。故C选项正确。 2． A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus. A．confirmed B．had been confirmed C．was confirmed D．have confirmed 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。Confirm证实，确认，根据was reported in 2014可知，是过去的事情，先行词是2014，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman与confirm是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选C。 考点：考查时态与被动语态 3．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front________to arrive. A．will be expected B．is expecting C．expects D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继
何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如： Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950 He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 3 为了使语气婉转， 避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语 态，使句子得以更好的安排。 女口： The con struct ion o f the new lab must be compi eted by month. Electricity is used to run machines. 被动语态的构成 2. 许多 verbs （broken, interested, shut, worried ）, 既可以用做 态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有 by ，通常是被动语态。 如： I was worried abeutyou all night. （ 表状态 ） 被动语态的基本用法 如： Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. the end of next 1. be+done 可以是被动语态， 也可以是系表结构形式。 被动语态中， done 可以带 by 短 语，而系表结构中 done 相当于 adj. 不带 by 短语。 如： The question is settled. （ 系表结构 ） Such questions are settled by us. （ 被动语态 ） The composition is well written. （ 系表结构 ） The composition is written with great care . （ 被动语态 ） The job was well done. （ 系表结构 ） The job was well done by a skilled worker. （ 被动语态 ） adj. 也可以在被动语
英语被动语态用法 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
语态篇——常见与不常见的被动 [提问]在下面这个句子中，那些部分为被动语态“I had not originally been scheduled to work this day but I was extremely pleased when I was asked to help out at the last minute, for it would be one of the most memorable days of the games. (Experiencing English Integrated Book Page120)” 答：要分析上面这个句子，并划出相应的被动语态部分，首先要清楚地了解什么是被动语态和被动语态的结构。 在学中，语态是针对动词而言的一种形式，描述句子中和参与此动作的之间关系。语态分为主动Active Voice和被动Passive Voice两种。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态；如果主语为动作的承受者时，称为被动语态。例如：“猫吃老鼠。”这句话是主动语态；而“老鼠被猫吃。”则是被动语态。 一点意见，我觉得这些语法太简单了 被动语态强调动作的对象或动作本身，句中主语是动作的受动者。分析句子时找到主语和谓语动词，如果主语并非主动行为，而是接受动作，是动作指向的对象，那么该句就是被动句。被动语态的基本构成为： be动词+及物动词过去分词。其中be动词随着句子的不同时态发生相应变化，并要注意随主语人称、单复数变化而使用正确形式。 1）一般现在时：am／is／are＋V-ed 2）一般过去时：was／were＋V-ed 3）一般将来时：will／shall be＋V-ed 4）现在进行时：am／is／are being＋V-ed 5）过去进行时：was / were being + V-ed 6）现在完成时：have／has been＋V-ed
被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. --This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. --This work must be done soon. 六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题. （1）时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired. （2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend.
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：known to man(人类......所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同"。这两种时态无被动形式。 另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。 被动语态（一般现在时） 主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 被动语态的口诀 一般现、过用be +过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。 完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。 一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing, 现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。 现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。 主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。 一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。 复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 1.一般现在时is\am\are+P.P(过去分词) 2.一般过去时was\were+P.P 3.一般将来时will be+P.P 4.现在进行时is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P 5.过去进行时was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P 6.现在完成时have\has been+P.P 7.过去完成时had been+P.P 语法结构 1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况） 与..事实相反If从句主句 过去Had done Would* have done
最新英语被动语态用法总结(完整)(1) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．My brother and I have __________her birthday party. A．been invited B．been invited for C．invited to D．been invited to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查语态和固定搭配。句意：我哥哥和我被邀请参加她的生日聚会。My brother and I与invite之间是被动关系，invite sb to somewhere表示“邀请某人去某地”，故D项正确。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，意为“解决”。elect选举；develop 发展；contain 包含，控制。故选B。 4．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 5．—Do you know why a meeting by the middle school teachers last Sunday? —To demand smaller classes of no more than 25 to 30 students in each class. A．was held B．had been held C．has held D．held