高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编定语从句与状语从句
一.定语从句
Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of she spoke fluently. (2011·湖南卷25)
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. that
【解析】选C。前面谈到了3 种语言即German，French 和Russian，它们为先行词。all of which ＝of which all＝and all of them，作非限定性定语从句。
考点 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较：
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
形式其前无逗号其前有逗号
翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行
词的定语)
译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)
功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句
关系词可用that 引导；作宾语的关系代
词常可省
不可用that 引导；关系词一律不省
意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义
不完整)
起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影
响)
考点2.介词+关系代词连用时，介词的选用
She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years. (2011·江西卷34)
A. for which
B. with which
C. of which
D. to which
【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3 年多时间。我们可以说whose construction，也可以说the construction of which＝of which the construction，介词of 表所属关系。
介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词+which/whom, 不能用that 或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
考点3.as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的比较
例1：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2011·全国大纲卷7)
A. this
B. that
C. what
D. which
【解析】选D。which 引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。
例2：is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
【解析】选B。A、D 不能引导定语从句，C 不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybody＝As everybody knows “正如大家所知道的”。该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. ＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
as 和which 的相同点：
(1) 先行词都可指代整个主句；
(2) 都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
as 和which 的不同点：
(1) as 引导的从句可位于句首，而which 则不行；
(2) as 有“正如……”之意，而which 表示“这一点”。
考点4.关系代词与关系副词的选用
I will never forget the day I came to my university and the day I spent in a new city.
A. when; which
B. which; when
C. what; that
D. on which; when
【解析】选A。第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when；第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent 的宾语，因此要用关系代词which 或that 来引导定语从句或省略关系代词。
如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用when, where, why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语，引导词则用that 或which。
Men are more suited to occupational environments require decisive action while women are better at jobs a considered approach is most important. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第4 次模拟卷)
A. which; that
B. /; when
C. which; when
D. that; w here
【解析】选D。第一空用关系代词that 或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where，因为句子意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和定语从句意思，确定用关系副词where＝at which 表地点，作地点状语。
定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。
考点5.定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别
Was it in the street our school is located in the car accident happened?
A. where; that
B. where; which
C. that; which
D. which; that
【解析】选D。本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句，that 或which 作第二个in 的宾语；第二空考查强调句型。
1. 区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是：在先行词与从句之间加be 动词，若句子成立，则是同位语从句；若句子不成立，则可能为定语从句。
The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family.
由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是The news 的同位语。
The news that he told me this morning is not interesting.
由于“The news is that he told me this morning”不成立，于是“that he told me this morning”不是The news 的同位语，而是限定The news 的定语从句。
2. 区别定语从句与强调句最简单的方法是：若将It is / was 和that / who 去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。
状语从句分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、方式及比较状语从句。
二.状语从句
考点1.when, while, as 引导时间状语的特殊点
You can pay now or you come back to pick up the bike.
A. when
B. then
C. while
D. since
【解析】选A。come 是短暂性动词，而while 从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，所以排除C, when 引导时间状语从句，与now 对称。
1. 表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。
2. 表达“随着”或“一边……一边……”的含义，一般用as。
3. as 作“当……时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。
4. while 从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。
考点2.时间、条件状语从句的时态一致性
例1：The big fire lasted as long as 24 hours it was brought under control. (ft西太原五中2010— 2011 学年度第二学期月考)
A. after
B. before
C. ahead
D. since
【解析】选B。before 引导时间状语从句用于以下句型：
①时间段＋before 从句表示“隔了多少时间才…”；②it will be/ won't be long before 从句，表示“很久就……/不久就……”。该句表示：大火一直持续了长达24 小时才被控制住。
例2：As is reported, it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded. (2011·四川卷6)
A. when
B. before
C. after
D. since
【解析】选D。该句考查句型it is/has been ＋时间段＋since 从句。句意：清华大学已成立了100 年了。since 从句后的动词一般为非延续性动词，表动作的开始。
1. 句型“It will be+段时间+before 从句”，表示“不久……就……”。从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
2. 句型“It is+段时间+since+一般过去时。”主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。
考点3. as 引导状语从句的用法
例1：Try she might, Sue couldn't get the door open. (2011·新课标卷22)
A. if
B. when
C. since
D. as
【解析】选D。as 引导让步状语从句。Try as she might＝Though she might try，该句
型主要有以下几种形式：
①零冠词名词＋as ＋主语＋be ②形容词(＋名词)＋as ＋主语＋be ③动词原形＋as＋主语＋情态动词
as 引导原因状语从句说明原因语气较弱，着重点在主句，常译为“由于，因为”。
例2：he was, he often ended up in financial troubles.
A. Though well paid
B. As well paid
C. Well paid as
D. Well paid
【解析】选C。此处as 引导让步状语从句，well paid 可看作形容词放于句首。
as/though 引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”，从句中的形容词、副词、名词(其前一般不用冠词)或动词原形放于句首构成倒装(though 也可不倒装)。although 引导让步状语从句时不倒装；while 引导让步状语从句时只能位于句首。
考点4.what 引导方式状语从句的用法
Reading is to the mind food is to the body.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. of which
【解析】选A。该句意为“阅读之于心灵犹如食物之于身体”。
what 引导方式状语从句，一般只用于A is to B what C is to D 这一句型中，意思是“A 对于B 的重要性，就如同C 对于D 的重要性一样”。
考点5. such … as 与such … that 的区别
People were shocked by such a bloody murder in Virginia no one experienced ever.
A. as
B. which
C. where
D. that
【解析】选A。as 引导的定语从句，as 常与such, the same 搭配使用。
such…as 引导的是定语从句，as 须作主语、宾语、表语等；such…that 引导的是结果状语从句，that 不作成分。
考点6.表示“一……就……”的时间状语从句
— Did you keep it in mind to give Jennifer the money you owed her?
— Yes, I gave it to her I saw her.
A. while
B. the moment
C. suddenly
D. once
【解析】选B。the moment 在此作连词，意思是“一……就……”。
1. as soon as 常用一般现在时表将来。
2. hardly…when…或no sooner…than…结构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句谓
语用一般过去时。
3. 表示时间概念的副词充当连词，如：immediate ly, directly, instantly 等。
4. “the+瞬间名词”，如：the moment, the minute, the second 等。
考点7. while 引导让步状语从句表示“尽管，虽然”的用法
all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. (2011·陕西卷19)
A. Since
B. While
C. If
D. As
【解析】选B。while 表“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。其意义相当于although 或though。句意：尽管他们所有人都是强有力的候选人对象，但仅有一个将被获选担任这个职位。
高考英语语法专题复习状语从句
( )1. you show any fear，the tiger will attack you.
A．Once B．Until C．Till D．While
( )2. The master will not attend our meeting he free.
A．if; wil l be B．if; is C．unless; shall be D．unless; is
( )3. Those who have problems in real marriage would look for other ways to evade (逃避) their families，there was no web marriage.
A．as if B．only when
C．even if D．i n which
( )4. I could write down the number of the bus，the bus had run away.
A．Before B．Unless
C．U ntil D．Once
( )5. She had to go back to the room she had left her handbag there.
A．unless B．until C．because D．where
( )6. Shall we go outing fine tomorrow?
A．unless it is B．if it will be C．if it is D．whether it is
( )10. Questions about her divorce follow she goes.
A．where B．whenever C．whatever D．wherever
( )11. You m ay borrow t his book you promise to give it back.
A．in case B．so l ong as C．as if D．even if
( )12. the days went on，the situation there got worse.
A．With B．Since C．While D．As
( )13. the man grew older，he lost interest in everything except gardening.
A．With B．Si nce C．While D．As
( )14. everybody is here，let’s set out right a way.
A．Now that B．Because C．For D．After
( )15. you understand this rule，you’ll have no further difficulty.
A．Once B．Unless C．As D ．Until
( )16. I know，they will go to London to watch the Olympic Games in 2012.
A．Since B．So far as C．In case D．As if
( )17. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.
A．when B．t han C．as D．while
( )18. You should put the dictionary you can find it e asily.
A．where B．the place C．the place on which D．what
( )19. I criticized him，you know，not I hate him but I love him.
A．because; because B．because; for
C．for; because D．for; for
( )20. She said to me，“I’ll tell you the result of test I know it.”
A．because B．the moment
C．after D．though
参考答案
1. A 该空表示“ 一旦……”，应填once 引导条件状语从句。
2. D unle ss 引导条件状语从句时应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
3. C even if 表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
4. A 该空表示“尚未来得及”，应填before 引导时间状语从句。
5. C 该空表因果关系，应填because 引导原因状语从句。从句中有作地点状语的“there”因此不能选D。
6. C 条件状语从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
7. A 该空表示“当……的时候”，应填when 引导时间状语从句。
8. C as 表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句时应采用倒装结构。
9. B 该空表示“除非”，应填unless 引导条件状语从句。
14. A now (that) 在此表示原因，意为“既然，由于”；because 表示对方不知道的原因；for 表示原因时，是并列连词，应放在后面。
15. A once 意为“一旦”。句意：一旦明白了这条规则，就再也没有困难了。
16. B so far as I know 意为“据我所知”。
17. B no sooner…than意为“一……就”，相当于as soon as。句意：我一走回厨房，门铃又响了，响得足以把死人吵醒。类似用法还有hardly/scarcely…w hen。
18. A 此处where 引导地点状语从句。
19. A for 不能与not…but这一结构连用。句意：我批评他不是因为我恨他，而是因为我爱他。
20. B the moment 意为“一……就”，相当于as soon as。类似用法的连词还有：the minute/ instant; instantly/ immediately/ directly 等
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