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计算机专业英语翻译2008影印版

计算机专业英语翻译2008影印版
计算机专业英语翻译2008影印版

CHAPTER 1

1. SOFTWARE (P7)

Software, as we mentioned(提到的), is another name for programs. Programs are the instructions(指令)that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases, the words software and programs are interchangeable(可以互换的). There are two major kinds of software: system software and application(应用软件) software. You can think of application software as the kind you use. Think of system software as the kind the computer uses.

软件,正如我们所提到的,它的另外一个名字叫程序。程序是告诉计算机如何按照你的想法处理数据的一系列指令集。在大多数情况下,软件和程序是可以互换。主要有两个不同种类的软件:系统软件和应用程序软件。你可以认为软件是你使用的那类,系统软件就是给电脑使用的那类。

2. (P11)

System unit: The system unit is a container(容器) that houses(装载/收藏) most of the electric components(组件)that make up(组成)a computer system. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor(微处理器) and memory(内存). The microprocessor controls(控制)and manipulates(处理)data to produce information. Many times the microprocessor is contained(放置) within a protective(受保护的) cartridge(盒子). Memory, also known as primary storage(主存) or random access memory (RAM)(随机存取存储器), holds(保存) data and program instructions(指令) for processing the data. It also holds the processed information before it is output. Memory is sometimes referred to as temporary(暂时的) storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted(消失).

系统单元:系统单元是一个装满许多电子组件的容器,构成一个计算机系统。系统由两个重要部分组成是微处理器和存储器。微处理器控制和处理数据产生的信息。很多时候,微处理器是包含在防护墨盒(盒子)。记忆,也称为主存储或随机存取存储器(RAM),保存数据和处理数据的程序指令。它还拥有处理信息之前,它是输出。记忆是有时被称为临时的存储,因为它的内容通常会丢失,如果计算机的电力中断。

3. (P15)

Connectivity(通讯) is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers. The single most dramatic change in connectivity in the past five years has been the widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices. For just a few of these devices. Many experts predict that these wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution, a revolution that is expected to dramatically(巨大的) affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.

连接是你的微机与其它计算机共享信息的能力。在过去五年中最戏剧性的变化连接已被广泛使用的移动或无线通信设备。对于只是少数这些设备。许多专家预测,这些无线应用无线革命刚开始的时候,一个革命,预计将显着影响我们的沟通方式,并利用计算机技术。

CHAPTER 2

4. SEARCH TOOLS (P39)

The Web can be an incredible resource, providing information on nearly any topic imaginable(可想像的). Are you planning a trip(履行)? Writing an economics(经济) paper(论文)? Looking for a movie review(评论)? Trying to locate(失去) a long-lost friend? Information sources related to these questions, and much, much more, are available on the Web.

网络可以是一个令人难以置信的的资源,提供几乎任何主题的信息,可以想象。你规划行程?写作经济学纸(论文)?寻找一个电影评论?试图找到了久违的朋友吗?信息来源涉及到这些问题,很多,很多,都在网络上可用。

5. SEARCH ENGINES (P40)

Search engines are specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the Web and the Internet. To find information, you go to a search service’s Web site and use its search engine. This search engine, like most others, provides two different search approaches.

搜索引擎是专门的方案,帮助您在网络上查找信息和互联网。查找资料,你去搜索服务的网站,并使用其搜索引擎。这个搜索引擎,最喜欢别人的,提供了两种不同的搜索方法。

6. FTP (P46)

File transfer protocol (FTP)(文件传输协议) is an Internet standard for transferring files. Many computers on the Internet allow you to copy files to your computer. This is called downloading. You also can use FTP to copy files from your computer to another computer on the Internet. This is called uploading(上传).

文件传输协议(FTP)是一个文件传输的Internet标准。互联网上的许多计算机让您将文件复制到您的计算机。这就是所谓的下载。您还可以使用FTP复制文件从您的计算机在互联网上的另一台计算机。这就是所谓的上传。

7. FILTERS (P47)

Filters(过滤器) block access to selected sites. The Internet is an interesting and multifaceted arena. But one of those facets is a dark and seamy one. Parents, in particular, are concerned about children roaming unrestricted across the Internet. Filer programs allow parents as well as organizations to block out(阻挡) selected sites and set time limits(限制). Additionally, these programs can monitor use and generate reports detailing the total time spent on the Internet and the time spent at individual Web sites, chat groups, and newsgroups. For a list of some of the best-known filters.

过滤器阻止访问选定地点。互联网是一个有趣的和多方面的的舞台。但这些方面之一,是一个黑暗和丑恶的。家长,尤其是关注儿童漫游在互联网上不受限制。 Filer的方案,让家长,以及组织以块(阻挡)选定地点和时间限制。此外,这些程序可以监控使用和生成报告,详细说明在互联网上的总时间花费在个人的网站,聊天室,和新闻组中所花费的时间。对于一些最知名的过滤器列表。

CHAPTER 3

8. WORD PROCESSORS (P66)

Word processors create text-based documents and are one of the most flexible and widely used software tools. All types of people and organizations use word processors to create memos, letters and faxes. Organizations create newsletters, manuals, and brochures to provide information to their customers. Students and researchers use word processors to create reports. Word processors can even be used to create personalized Web pages.

文字处理器创建基于文本的文档,是最灵活和最广泛使用的软件工具之一。所有类型的个人和组织使用文字处理机创造备忘录,信件和传真。组织创建的简报,手册,和小册子,向他们的客户提供信息。学生和研究人员使用文字处理器来创建报表。文字处理器,甚至可以用于创建个性化网页。

9. SPREADSHEETS (P69)

Spreadsheet programs organize, analyze, and graph numeric data such as budgets and financial reports. Once used exclusively by accountants, spreadsheets are widely used by nearly every profession. Marketing professionals analyze sales trends. Financial analysts evaluate and graph stock market trends. Students and teachers record grades and calculate grade point averages.

电子表格程序,组织,分析和图形数字数据,如预算和财务报告。一旦专门用于由会计师,电子表格被广泛使用的几乎每一个专业。市场营销专业人士分析销售趋势。金融分析师评估和图股市走势。学生和教师的记录等级和计算平均成绩。

10. INTEGRATED PACKAGES (P79)

An integrated package is a single program that provides the functionality of a word processor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more. The primary disadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function (such as word processing) are not as extensive as in the individual programs(such as Microsoft Word). The primary advantages are cost and simplicity. The cost of an integrated package is much less than the cost of the individual powerful, professional-grade application programs discussed thus far in this chapter.

Integrated packages are popular with many home users and are sometimes classified as personal or home software. The most widely used integrated packages are Microsoft Works and AppleWorks.

综合数据包一个集成包是一个单一的程序,它提供了一个文字处理器,电子表格,数据库管理,以及更多的功能。以综合性一揽子的主要缺点是,每个功能(如文字处理)的能力是不如在个别课程(如Microsoft Word)的广泛。主要优点是成本和简单。以综合性一揽子成本比个人强大的,专业级的应用程序在本章中讨论迄今方案成本少得多。集成包是许多家庭用户的欢迎,有时为个人或家庭的软件分类。使用最广泛的集成包的Microsoft Works和AppleWorks的。

11. SOFTWARE SUITES (P80)

A software suite is a collection of separate application programs bundled together and sold as a group. While the applications function exactly the same whether purchased in a suite or separately, it is significantly less expensive to buy a suite of applications than to buy each application separately. There are four types of suites:

软件套件一个软件套件是一个单独的应用程序捆绑在一起,作为一个群体出售的程序的集合。而应用功能是否购买一套房或单独的,它是显著较便宜的买一套应用软件比单独购买每个应用程序。有四种类型套房:

CHAPTER 4

12. DESKTOP PUBLISHING (P94)

Desktop publishing programs(桌面发布程序), or page layout programs(页面布局程序), allow you to mix text and graphics to create publications of professional quality. While word processors focus on creating text and have the ability to combine(结合) text and graphics, desktop publishers focus on(集中于) page design and layout and provide greater flexibility(灵活性). Professional graphic artists use desktop publishing programs to create documents such as brochures, newsletter, newspapers, and textbooks.

桌面出版

桌面出版程序,或者页面布局程序,让你混合文字和图形创建专业品质的出版物。虽然文字处理机重点放在创建文本,并有能力相结合的文字和图形,重点放在桌面出版(集中于)页面设计和布局,并提供更大的弹性(灵活性)。专业的图形艺术家使用桌面出版程序创建文件,如小册子,通讯,报纸和教科书。

13. LINKS AND BUTTONS (P101)

An interactive multimedia presentation is typically organized as(组织成) a series(系列) of related(相关) pages. Each page presents information and provides links, or connections(连接), to related information. These links can be to video, sound, graphics, and text files, and to other pages and resources(资源). By clicking special areas called buttons on a page, you can make appropriate(适当的) links and navigate(浏览) through a presentation to locate and discover(发现) information. Typically, there are several buttons on a page. You can select one, several, or none of them. You are in control. You direct(确定) the flow and content of the presentation.

链接和按钮交互式多媒体演示文稿是典型的有组织系列相关页(系列)。每一页的信息,并提供链接或连接,相关的信息。这些链接可以以视频,声音,图形,文本文件,以及其他页面和资源。按一下特殊区域称为页面上的按钮,你可以作出适当的链接,并通过演示导航(浏览)来定位和发现的信息。通常情况下,有几个按钮,在页面上。您可以选择一个,多个或没有。您现在的控制。您可以直接(确定)的流动和演示文稿的内容。

14. WEB AUTHORING (P103)

You have probably interacted(互动) with a multimedia presentation on a Web site. There are over(超过) half a million commercial Web sites on the Internet, and hundreds more are being added every day. Corporations(公司企业) use the Web to reach new customers and to promote(促销) their products. Many individuals create their own personal sites, called Web logs(网络日志) or blogs, to keep in touch(保持联系) with friends and family. Creating a site is called Web authoring(网页制作). It begins with site design followed by creation of a document file that displays the Web site’s content.

网页制作您可能相互作用用在一个网站上的多媒体演示。有一半以上(超过)在互联网上百万的商业网站,以及数百个正在增加每天。公司使用Web达到新的客户和自己的产品推广。许多人创建了自己的个人网站,网络日志或博客,以保持联系,与朋友和家人保持联系。创建一个网站,被称为网页制作。它首先创建一个文档文件,显示网站的内容的网站设计。CHAPTER 5

15. SYSTEM SOFTWARE (P122)

Operating systems coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.

Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.

Device drives are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with rest of the computer system.

Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process.

系统软件协调操作系统的计算机资源,提供用户和计算机之间的接口,并运行应用程序。公用事业执行有关计算机资源管理的具体任务。设备驱动器是专门的方案,允许特定输入或输出设备进行通信与计算机系统的其余部分。语言翻译转换成计算机能够理解和处理的语言程序员编写的编程指示。

16. FEATURES (P123)

Starting or restarting a computer is called booting the system..There are two ways to boot a computer: a warm boot and a cold boot. A warm boot occurs when the computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power. A warm boot can be accomplished in several ways. For example, in Windows XP, a running computer can be restarted by pressing a sequence of keys. Starting a computer that has been turned off is called a cold boot. To learn more about booting your computer system and POST, visit our Web site at https://www.doczj.com/doc/6113021083.html, and enter the keyword boot.

特点启动或重新启动计算机引导系统被称为..启动计算机的方法有两种:热启动和冷启动。暖开机时当计算机上已不关闭电源并重新启动它。暖开机可以几种方法来实现。例如,在Windows XP中,可以重新启动正在运行的电脑,按一个键序列。启动已关闭的计算机被称为冷启动。要了解启动您的计算机系统和POST的更多信息,请访问我们的网站,并在https://www.doczj.com/doc/6113021083.html,输入关键字引导。

17. WINDOWS (P125)

Microsoft’s Windows is by far the most popular microcomputer operating system today with over 90 percent of the market. Because its market share is so large, more application programs are developed to run under Windows than any other operating system. Windows comes in a variety of different versions and is designed to run with Intel-compatible microprocessors such as the Pentium IV. For a summary of Microsoft’s desktop operating systems.

目前最流行的微机操作系统,微软的Windows是今天超过90%的市场份额。由于其市场份额是如此之大,越来越多的应用程序开发Windows下的运行速度比其他任何操作系统。Windows自带的各种不同版本,被设计为运行与英特尔兼容的微处理器,如奔腾IV。微软的桌面操作系统的总结。

18. DEVICE DRIVERS (P133)

Every device, such as a mouse or printer that is connected to a computer system has a special program associated with it. This program, called a device driver or simply a driver, works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of the computer system. Each time the computer system is started, the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory.

设备驱动程序每一个设备,如鼠标或打印机连接到计算机系统,有一个特殊的程序,与它相关的。这方案,叫做设备驱动程序或简单的驱动程序,允许设备之间的通信和计算机系统的其余部分与操作系统。计算机系统每次启动时,操作系统加载到内存中,所有的设备驱动程序。CHAPTER 6

19. SYSTEM UNIT (P150)

The system unit, also known as the system cabinet, is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system. All computer systems have a system unit. For microcomputers, there are four basic types:

Desktop system units Notebook system units

Tablet PC system units Handheld computer system units

系统单元该系统的单位,又称系统机柜,是一个容器,里面大部分构成一个计算机系统的电子元件。所有的计算机系统有一个系统单位。微型计算机中,有四种基本类型:桌面系统的单位笔记本电脑系统的单位平板电脑系统的单位掌上电脑系统的单位

20. SYSTEM BOARD (P153)

The system board is also known as the motherboard. The system board is the communications medium for the entire computer system. Every component of the system unit connects to the system board. It acts as a data path allowing the various components to communicate with one another. External devices such as the keyboard, mouse, and monitor could not communicate with the system unit without the system board.

系统板系统板也被称为主板。系统板是整个计算机系统的通信媒介。系统单位的每一个组件连接到系统板上。它作为一个数据的各个组成部分互相沟通的路径。外部设备,如键盘,鼠标和显示器无法沟通与系统的单位没有系统板。

21. (P154)

Sockets provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called chips. Chips consist of tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of sandlike material called silicon. These circuit boards can be smaller than the tip of your finger.

A chip is also called a silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit. Chips are mounted on carrier packages. These packages either plug directly into sockets on the system board or onto cards that are then plugged into slots on the system board. Sockets are used to connect the system board to a variety of different types of chips, including microprocessor and memory chips.

套接字提供了一个小的芯片专门的电子零件的连接点。芯片由微小的电路板蚀刻到硅sandlike材料的平方。这些电路板可小于指尖。 A芯片也被称为一个硅芯片,半导体,集成电路。芯片安装在载体上的包。这些包直接插入系统板上的插座上或卡,然后插入到系统板上的插槽。插座是用来连接各种不同类型的芯片,包括微处理器和内存芯片的系统板。

22. MICROPROCESSOR (P155)

In a microcomputer system, the central processing unit (CPU) or processor is contained on a single chip called the microprocessor. The microprocessor is either mounted onto a carrier package that plugs into the system board or contained within a cartridge that plugs into a special slot on the system board. The microprocessor is the brains of the computer system. It has two basic components: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.

微处理器在微机系统中,中央处理单元(CPU)或处理器包含一个单一的芯片上称为微处理器。微处理器是安装到一个载体封装到系统板上的插头或内墨盒插入到一个系统板上的特殊插槽中。微处理器是计算机系统的大脑。它有两个基本部分组成:控制单元和算术逻辑单元。

23. RAM (P157)

Random-access memory(RAM) chips hold the program(sequence of instructions) and data that the CPU is presently processing. RAM is called temporary or volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the microcomputer is turned off. It is also lost if there is a power failure or other disruption of the electric current going to the microcomputer. Secondary storage, which we shall describe in Chapter 8, does not lose its contents. It is permanent or nonvolatile storage, such as the data stored on diskettes. For this reason, as we mentioned earlier, it is a good idea to save your work in progress to a secondary storage device. That is, if you are working on a document or a spreadsheet, every few minutes you should save, or store, the material.

内存

随机存取存储器(RAM)芯片持有的程序(指令序列)和数据,目前正在处理的CPU。 RAM 被称为临时或非易失性存储器,因为在大多数类型的RAM的一切都失去了尽快微机关闭。它也失去了,如果有一个电源故障或其他电动微机电流中断。二级存储,我们将在第8章描述,并没有失去它的内容。它是永久或非易失性存储,如软盘上存储的数据。出于这个原因,正如我们前面提到的,它是一个好主意,保存在您的工作进展到二级存储设备。也就是说,如果你是一个文档或电子表格的工作,每隔几分钟,你应该保存,或存放,材料。

24. BUS LINES (P161)

A bus line — also known simply as a bus — connects the parts of the CPU to each other. Buses also link the CPU to various other components on the system board. A bus is a pathway for bits representing data and instructions. The number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus is known as the bus width.

公交线路一条公交线路 - 也仅仅作为一种总线 - 连接CPU的部分给对方。巴士也连接的CPU系统板上的各种其他组件。总线是一个代表位的数据和指令的途径。数位,可以同时下了车旅行被称为总线宽度。

CHAPTER 7

25. POINTING DEVICES (P184)

Mechanical mouse is generally considered the traditional type and is currently the most widely used .It has a ball on the bottom and is attached with a cord to the system unit. As you move the mouse across a smooth surface , the roller rotates and controls the pointer on the screen .

指点设备机械鼠标通常被认为是传统型,是目前使用最广泛的的,它在底部的一个球和连接线与系统单位。当您移动鼠标的整个表面光滑,辊旋转和控制屏幕上的指针。

26. TOUCH SCREENS (P185)

A touch screen is a particular kind of monitor with a clear plastic outer layer. Behind this layer are crisscrossed invisible beams of infrared light. This arrangement enables someone to select actions or commands by touching the screen with a finger. Touch screens are easy to use, especially when people need information quickly. They are commonly used at restaurants, automated teller machines (ATMs), and information centers. (See Figure 7-10.)

触摸屏触摸屏是一个透明的塑料外层的特定种类的监视器。这一层的背后是纵横交错看不见的光束红外光。这样的安排使有人选择用手指触摸屏幕上的行动或命令。触摸屏很容易使用,尤其是当人们需要的信息迅速。它们通常用于餐厅,自动取款机(ATM),信息中心。(见图7-10)。

27. SCANNING DEVICES (P186)

Scanners move across text and images. Scanning devices convert scanned text and images into a form that the system unit can process. There are three types of scanning devices: optical scanners, bar code readers, and char and mark recognition devices. 扫描装置

扫描器跨越文本和图像。扫描设备转换成一种形式,系统单元可以处理扫描的文本和图像。扫描设备有三种类型:光学扫描器,条码阅读器,和char和标记识别设备。

28. (P187)

Almost all supermarkets use electronic cash registers and a bar code system called the Universal Product Code (UPC).At the checkout counter, electronic cash registers use a bar code reader to scan each product's UPC code. The codes are sent to the supermarket's computer, which has a description, the latest price, and an inventory level for each product. The computer processes this input to update the inventory level and to provide the electronic cash register with the description and price for each product. These devices are so easy to use that many supermarkets are offering customers self-checkout stations.

几乎所有的超市使用电子收银机,条形码系统,所谓的通用产品代码(UPC)。在收银台,电子收款机使用条码阅读器扫描每个产品的UPC代码。代码发送到超市的电脑,这说明,最新的价格,并为每个产品的库存水平。计算机处理此输入来更新库存水平,并提供每个产品的描述和价格的电子收款机。这些设备是那么容易使用,许多超市都为客户提供自助结帐台。

29. MONITORS (P192)

The most frequently used output device is the monitor. Also known as display screens, monitors present visual images of text and graphics. The output is often referred to as soft copy, Monitors vary in size, shape, and cost, Almost all, however, have some basic distinguishing features.

监测仪最常用的输出设备是显示器。又称显示屏,显示器目前的文字和图形的视觉图像。输出通常被称为软拷贝,显示器不同的大小,形状,和成本,几乎所有的,但是,有一些基本的特色。

30. (P199)

Telephony is the transmission of telephone calls over computer networks Also kn own as Internet telephony, IP telephony, and Voice over IP (VoIP),telephony us es the Internet rather than traditional communication lines to support vioce c ommunication .To place telephone calls using telephony requires a high-speed I nternet connection and special software and/or hardware .The three most popula r approaches are

电话是电话,又称网络电话,IP电话和语音IP电话(VoIP)的计算机网络传输,电话使用互联网而不是传统的通信线路支持vioce通信。地方使用电话的电话,要求高高速互联网连接和特殊的软件和/或硬件。三种最流行的方法是

CHAPTER 8

31. FLOPPY DISKS (P214)

Floppy disks are portable or removable storage media. They are typically used to store and transport relatively small word processing, spreadsheet and other types of files. They use flexible flat circular pieces of Mylar plastic that have been

coated with a magnetic material. Floppy disk drives (FDD)store data and programs by altering the electromagnetic charges on the disk's surface to represent 1s and 0s.Floppy disk drives retrieve data and programs by reading these charges from the magnetic disk. Characters are represented by positive(+) and negative (-) charges using the ASCII, EBCDIC, or Unicode binary codes. For example, the number 3 require a series of 8 charges.(See Figure 8-2)

软盘是便携式或移动存储介质。它们通常用于储存和运输相对较小的文字处理,电子表格和其他类型的文件。他们使用扁平聚酯薄膜塑料已与磁性材料涂圆形件。软盘驱动器(FDD)的存储数据,并通过改变磁盘的表面上,代表1和0s.Floppy磁盘驱动器的电磁收费方案,通过阅读这些费用从磁盘检索数据和程序。字符由正极(+)和负极( - )使用ASCII,EBCDIC 或Unicode二进制代码的收费。例如,数字3需要一系列8个罪名。(见图8-2)

32. HARD DISKS (P216)

like floppy disks, hard disks save files by altering the magnetic charges of the disk's surface. while a floppy disk uses a thin flexible plastic disk, a hard disk uses thicker, rigid metallic platters that are stacked one on top of another. hard disk store and organize files using tracks sectors, and cylinders. A cylinder runs through each track of a stack of platters. Although not needed by floppy disks that have a single platter, cylinders are necessary to differentiate files stored on the same track an sector of different platters. when a hard disk is formatted, tracks, sectors, and cylinders are assigned.

像软盘,硬盘文件保存改变磁盘表面的磁荷。而软盘使用薄的弹性塑料盘,硬盘使用较厚,刚性,叠在另一个上面一个金属盘片。硬盘存储和组织文件使用跟踪部门,气瓶。一个圆柱体通过每一个盘片栈的轨道运行。虽然不是需要有一个单碟的软盘,气瓶要区分不同盘片的部门在同一轨道上存储的文件。当硬盘被格式化,轨道,部门,和汽缸分配。

33. (P223)

Flash memory cards are cards are credit card-sized solid-storage devices widely used in notebook computers. Flash memory also is used in a variety of specialized input devices to capture and transfer data to desktop computers. for example, flash memory is used to store images captured from digital cameras and then to transfer the images to desktop and other computers. flash memory is used in digital media players like the iPod to store and play music and video files. To learn more about digital video players ,see making IT Work for You: iPod and music from the Internet on pages 224 and 225.

闪存卡,卡,信用卡大小的固体存储在笔记本电脑中广泛使用的设备。快闪记忆体也被用于各种专门的输入设备,台式电脑的数据采集和传输。例如,闪存用于存储数码相机拍摄的图像,然后将图像传输至桌上型电脑和其他电脑。像iPod数字媒体播放器使用闪存来存储和播放音乐和视频文件。要了解更多有关数字视频播放器,请参阅资讯科技为你工作:从互联网上224和225页的iPod和音乐。

应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇

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P21.KEY TERMS application software 应用软件basic application 基本应用软件communication device通信设备compact disc (CD) 光盘computer competency计算机能力connectivity连通性 data数据 database file数据库文件 desktop computer台式计算机device driver磁盘驱动程序 digital versatile disc(DVD)数字多用途光盘 digital video disc(DVD)数字多用途光盘 document file文档文件 end user终端用户 floppy disk软盘 handheld computer手持计算机hard disk硬盘 hardware硬件 high definition高清 Information信息 information system信息系统information technology信息技术input device输入设备 Internet因特网 keyboard键盘 mainframe computer主机;电脑存储机 memory内存 microcomputer微型机microprocessor微处理器midrange computer中型机minicomputer小型计算机modem调制解调器 monitor监视器 mouse鼠标 network网络 notebook computer笔记本电脑operating system操作系统optical disk光盘 output device输出设备 palm computer掌上电脑 people用户 personal digital assistant(PDA)个人数字助理 presentation file演示文稿primary storage主存 printer打印机 procedure规程 program程序 random access memory随机存储器 secondary storage device辅存software软件 specialized application专门应用软件 supercomputer巨型机 system software系统软件system unit系统单元 tablet PC平板电脑 utility实用程序 wireless revolution无线革命worksheet file工作表

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国家计算机教育认证 计算机英语 计算机英语词汇对译 蒙阴高新电脑学校 资料整理:孙波 IT CFAC gaoxindiannaoxuexiao

2010年9月1日

?PC personal computer 个人计算机 ?IBM International Business Machine 美国国际商用机器公司的公司简称,是最早推出的个人 计算机品牌。 ?Intel 美国英特尔公司,以生产CPU芯片著称。 ?Pentium Intel公司生产的586 CPU芯片,中文译名为“奔腾”。 ?Address地址 ?Agents代理 ?Analog signals模拟信号 ?Applets程序 ?Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口 ?Attachment附件 ?Access time存取时间 ?access存取 ?accuracy准确性 ?ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件 ?Add-ons 插件 ?Active-matrix主动矩阵 ?Adapter cards适配卡 ?Advanced application高级应用 ?Analytical graph分析图表 ?Analyze分析 ?Animations动画 ?Application software 应用软件 ?Arithmetic operations算术运算 ?Audio-output device音频输出设备 ?Basic application基础程序 ?Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案 ?Binary system二进制系统 ?Bit比特 ?Browser浏览器 ?Bus line总线 ?Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元 ?Business-to-consumer企业对消费者 ?Bar code条形码 ?Bar code reader条形码读卡器 ?Bus总线 ?Bandwidth带宽 ?Bluetooth蓝牙 ?Broadband宽带 ?Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务 ?cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序 ?cookies信息记录程序

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Unit 1 The RootsofChemistry I.Comprehension. 1。C 2. B3.D 4. C 5. B II。Make asentence out of each item by rearranging the wordsin brackets. 1.Thepurification of anorganic compoundis usually a matter of considerabledifficulty, and itis necessary to employ various methods for thispurpose。 2.Science is an ever-increasing body ofaccumulated and systematized knowledge and isalsoan activity bywhic hknowledge isgenerated。 3.Life,after all, is only chemistry,in fact, a small example of c hemistry observed onasingle mundane planet。 4.Peopleare made of molecules; someof themolecules in p eople are rather simple whereas othersarehighly complex。 5.Chemistry isever presentin ourlives from birth todeathbecause without chemistrythere isneither life nor death. 6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankindand al so permeatesall aspects of human life, although manyof us are notfully awareofthis. III。Translation. 1.(a)chemicalprocess (b) natural science(c)the techni que of distillation 2.Itis theatoms that makeupiron, water,oxygen and the like/andso on/andsoforth/and otherwise. 3.Chemistry hasa very long history, infact,human a ctivity in chemistrygoes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times. 4.According to/Fromthe evaporation ofwater,people know /realized that liquidscan turn/be/changeinto gases undercertain conditions/circumstance/environment。 5.Youmustknow the propertiesofthe materialbefore y ou use it. IV.Translation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物.自从宇宙大爆炸以来,化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢.这三步

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计算机专业英语翻译

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可以被处理之前,所有的程序和数据必须被从输入设备(如VDT)或从辅助存储(如磁盘)转移到主存储器。主要的存储空间总是很少;因此,在一个程序被执行后,它占领的储藏空间会被重新分配给另一个等待执行的程序。 图1 - 1说明了所有的输入/输出(I / O)“读”或“用”主要的存储。图中(输入)探讨是在VDT上。消息被查询的形式,是通过一个渠道到主存储器(如同轴电缆)。消息被解释,处理机从辅助存储设备取出所需的程序和数据。程序和数据被“装好”,或移动,从辅助存储器到主存储器。这是一个无损阅读过程。也就是说,程序和数据被从主要存储器(暂时的)和辅助存储器(永久)中读取。数据根据程序指令被操作,报告被从主存储器写入到打印机。 一个程序指令或一块数据保存在的特定的主存单元被称为地址。地址允许程序指令和数据被存储,访问和加工。每一个地址的内容随着不同程序的执行和新的数据的处理是不断变化的。 主存储器的另一个名字是随机存取存储器,或RAM。一种特殊类型的主存储器,称为只读存储器(ROM),不能被程序员改写。ROM的内容被制造商作为“只读”所固化,设计在芯片的逻辑上,。当你打开微机系统,一个ROM中的程序自动启动计算机系统。然后ROM程序初步显示屏幕提示。 ROM的一种变种是可编程的只读存储器(PROM)。RPOM是让用户能装载“只读”的程序和数据的ROM。一旦一个程序被加载到PROM,它简直从不改变。然而,如果你本材料版权归八舍109所有,任何人以任何形式使用请自觉支付版税~ 需要能够修改内容的PROM,有EPROM,可擦写的PROM。在写操作之前,所有的储存单元必须被删除到同样的初始状态。 一个更具有吸引力的形式的主读存储器是电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)。在任何时候都可以写入,不需擦除原先内容,且只是更新寻址到的字节或多个字节。

应用化学专业英语翻译

10级应用化学(2)班郑禄春 B2010063224 Lessen 24 ChemicalReactions Conservation of mass and energy(质量与能量守恒) Two conservation laws(定律) applyto allchemical reactions: E nergy can neither be created nor destroyed, andmattercanneither be created nor destroyed. Thus the atoms taking part in a chemical reaction may be rearranged, but all the atoms present in the reactan ts must also be present in the products, and the totalmass of the reactants must equal thetotalmass ofthe products. 化学反应 质量守恒和能量守恒 两个守恒定律(定律)适用于所有的化学反应:能量既不能创造也不能消灭,物质也不能创造也不能消灭。因此原子参与化学反应可能重新安排,但所有的原子出现在反应物必须包含在产品,反应物的总质量必须等于生产物的总质量。 What is a chemical reaction? A chemicalreaction occurs when substances (the reactants) collide (碰撞)with enough energy torearrange to form different c ompounds (the products). The change in energy that occurs when a reaction take place is described by thermodynamics(热力学)andt he rate or speed at which a reactionoccursis described by kinetics (动力学) . Reactions in which the reactantsand productscoexist are considered to be in equilibrium(处于平衡). A chemical equation consists of the chemical formula(化学式)of the rea ctants, and the chemical formula of the products. The twoare separated byan → usually read as“yields”andeach chemical formula is separated from others by a plus sign (加号). Sometime s a triangle is drawn over the arrow symbol todenote energy must be addedto the substances for the reaction to begin. Each chemical formula may be preceded by a scalar(数量的) coefficientindicating the proportion (比例) of that substance necessary to produce the reaction in formula. Forinstance, theformula for the burning of methane(CH4 + 2O2 →CO2 + 2H2O) indicates that twice as much O2 as CH4 is needed, and when they react, twiceas much H2O as CO2 will be produced. This is because during the reaction,each atom of carbon needs exactly two atoms of oxygen to combine with, to produce the CO2, and every twoatoms of hydrogen need an atom of oxygen tocombine withto produce theH2O. If the proportions of the reactantsare not respected, when they are forced toreact, either not all ofthe substance used willparticipate in the re action, or the reaction that will take place willbe different from the one notedin the equation.. 什么是化学反应 一个化学反应发生在物质(反应物)碰撞有足够的能量去重新排列,形成不同的化合物(产品)。当反应发

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