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Assignment of marketing -ZARA

Assignment of marketing -ZARA
Assignment of marketing -ZARA

University of Sunderland

The faculty of Business and Law

_______________________________ Module Title: Marketing Management

Module code: PGBM15

The market analysis of ZARA

______________________________________________

Student Name: Xia Tang

Student Number:139151583

Tutor: Steve Storey

Module Leader: Sudipta Das

Word Count:4005

Date of submission: 16th June 2014

Contents

Introduction of ZARA (1)

1 Dynamics and trends within the marketing environment of ZARA. (1)

1.1 Introduction of marketing environment (2)

1.2 Macroenvironment-----PESTLE analysis of ZARA (2)

1.3 Microenvironment analysis of ZARA (4)

1.4 Poter?s three generic strategies on ZARA (4)

1.5 SWOT analysis of ZARA (5)

2 The importance of market research,marketing mix and service innovation for Zara (6)

2.1 The importance of market research for ZARA (6)

2.2 The importance of Marketing mix for ZARA (9)

2.3 The importance of ZARA?S Service innovation (11)

3 Marketing techniques for manager-decision (12)

3.1 Segmentation ,targeting & positioning (12)

3.2Marketing objectives and goals (14)

3.3Marketing strategies and programmes (15)

4 Conclusion and suggestions (17)

References: (19)

appendix (20)

The market analysis of ZARA Introduction

As one fashion brand of the Inditex Group, ZARA were founded in Spain in 1975, by Amancio Ortega and Rosalía Mera. When its first store provide low-priced lookalike products of popular, higher-end clothing fashions, after then turn out to be a success, and Ortega began opening more across Europe. During the 1980s, the company started to change the design, manufacturing, and distribution process to cut lead times and respond to the latest trends in a faster way, that is so-called "instant fashions". The company based its improvements on the usage of IT system and using groups of designers rather than individual. This famous fashion manufacturing company has been thought the most efficient and market responding corporation in the whole fashion industry worldwide.

More importantly, ZARA used modern technology in its manufacturing factories, where complex process are necessary to be simplified. And incorporate technology in process and tackles are to be taken after comprehensive measurements and analysis. There are opportunities of existing domains where the company may progress and are going to explore.

This assignment is going to analyze the market environment and making some achievable plans for the future. This process would be critical and crucial because it leads to decisions that are basis for future actions and these vital decisions for future development will determine the future of the company in this field.

1 Dynamics and trends within the marketing environment of ZARA.

1.1 Introduction of marketing environment

Marketing environment can be defined as the forces and factors outside marketing which have an impact o n marketing management?s abilit ies(Armstrong et al. 2008). The macroenvironment elements consist of political, legal, regulatory, societal, technological and economic and competitive forces. Meanwhile, The microenvironment elements contain the company, customers, competitors, marketing intermediaries, suppliers and publics. Furthermore, internal and external environment can be analysed by SWOT analysis. Generally,a successful business system will take all the factors into consideration.

1.2 Macroenvironment-----PESTLE analysis of ZARA

1.2.1Political Indicators

Government as well as political parties in a country is responsible significantly for the global business environment. In form of policies they may support an trade. Decisions of marketing and expansion would be affected stoutly by the keep-going developments in the political environment. Political environment is quite peaceful almost all the countries. Most of the countries across the world welcome multinational trade despite of their political systems. Even for the cradle of ZARA, Spain also supports and encourages exports of the enterprise which have helped ZARA in a lot of ways.

1.2.2 Economic Forces

The economic environment primarily comprises of the factors which affect the buying power and behaviors of their consumers. ZARA has been dealing with only one currency since its origin, that is Euro. The key reason for ZARA not suffer from recession is that its deals only in Euros, which is a relatively safer currency in its everyday trade compare to Dollars.

The currency exchange rates and economical condition of new country are of much importance . Spain has a stable market with many predictable demands.

1.2.3 Social circumstances

Since Zara has been operated in the unique country, it has to facing social influence. The cultural roots of Spain are very independent and ZARA has been very fortunate to flourish in independent cultural markets in Spain, which has contributed a lot to this. Moreover, Spain has a centuries-old history which thought about the major contributions in the field of arts and design realm. The brilliant cultural events and peaceful social environment attracts a lot of people to travel to this country. The tourism exchanges help ZARA to get more new customers by delivering quality products. ZARA is capable to retain its customers by fulfilling their needs. Fashion at lower price enable customers to make big purchases ,thus tourists become customers.

1.2.4Technological Factors

The modern technology have led the Spanish Clothing retailing to cater to the customer?s needs of fresh fashion promptly. Many fashion firms and competitors of ZARA have applied new technological ideas on their selling point or manufacturing processes. The company has launched its technological growth with eco-friendly productions. i.e. ZARA have launched the Detox campaign globally with a fashion show(Yifang Li 2012), and according to ZARA's commitment, it will to eliminate the all the chemical group(i.e. PFCs) by the end of 2020.

1.2.5 Legal Restrictions

At the mention of legal, Spanish administration has regulations that support this industrial development. Logistics of this country provide generic supports and productive rules for safer business transactions.

1.2.6 Environmental Problems

Customers, competitors and some internal corporate factors constitute the business environment of one industry. Indeed, whole business growth is beneficial for new businesses, but for ZARA, it?s time to develop new domains and to cross boundaries.

1.3 Microenvironment analysis of ZARA

1.3.1Customers

ZARA?s target customers are people concentration on fashion trends and want to have the latest style, but cannot afford garments from the haute couture boutiques.

Totally, customers can be divided into different groups by different criteria. But ZARA?s segmentation have advantages when comparing all the other retailers because it does not define its target customers by ages and lifestyles, it gives ZARA opportunities to get a much broader target market.

1.3.2Competitors

Competitiveness is an inevitable threat in clothing retailing, especially in fast fashion retailing. Specifically, GAP , Uniqlo and H&M can be the most abvious competitors for ZARA.GAP is famous for its simple-style trousers, Uniqlo have advantages on quality and comfortability(Bagaria.A.2014) , while H&M pay much attention to its sportswear section.

1.4 Poter?s three generic strategies on ZARA

As the generic strategies have three sections. i.e. segmentation strategies, cost leadership and differentiation strategies. ZARA has followed an optimal mixture of all

the three parts. Products have been separated into three main parts, i.e. male, female and children , but wide-ranging distribution of products is evitable, e.g. clothes of young girls have not been differentiate from the people over 40. Products has got differentiation on the basis of fast fashion perception. Moreover products are manufactured on day to day varying trends in clothing market. ZARA has offered goods at relatively low prices and has make progress to produce items at lower prices.

1.5 SWOT analysis of ZARA

1.5.1 Strengths

Its Styles are closely linked to current trends with medium-high quality.

The…fast-fashion? phenomenon has created a quicker fashion circumstance and provide cheaper options, which encouraging consumers make purchases more often. ZARA sells its commodities on its own stores instead of vendors.

Company manufactures the products under a low-cost conditions, this leads to sell it at very reasonable prices.

1.5.2 Weaknesses

The market is vulnerable to economic changes.

Many other discount retailers have lowered the prices as the selling points, decreasing the potential value of the market over the whole industry..

Communications with products is weak, i.e. less stress on promotional activities.

No special advertisement plan, which result in of people doesn?t get ideas of its new arrivals.

The majority of the garments and accessories are similar to its competitors.

1.5.3 Opportunities

People nowadays are becoming much more dressing conscious and are trying to keep

up with the latest styles, which are constantly changing.

ZARA have a global expansion of online shopping and smart apps.

Clothes with the conception of …Made in Europe? remains a irreplaceable sale point for consumers looking for luxury products, and is also appealing to overseas markets. ZARA has the chances to enter new markets geographically and dividing product line into new more segments offering specialized and more customer-oriented products.

1.5.4 Threats

Unstable economy remains the largest threat to clothing industry, which could make consumers very cautious once again with regard to spending. Moreover, Rises in the cost of clothing could discourage consumers from making purchases (Hughes.K 2012).

Potential and obvious competitors in clothing retailing ,and the oversaturation of current fashion markets, exchange rates may keep changing and cause a major setback, and any natural disaster may physically influence the only factory.

2 Task two:the importance of market research,marketing mix and service innovation for Zara

2.1 The importance of market research for ZARA

The fashion market in particular is a challenging arena., as a fashion retailer ZARA should carry out market research investigations to gain an in-depth understanding of the market situation, assess shifts in trends, understand competitors and obtain ideas of consumers and their requirements.

Once research information has been gathered then its relevance can be assessed and the data could be analysed. The aim is to assist ZARA in making business and

marketing decisions.

2.1.1 Market trends

Consumers are willing to consume in health care, education and entertainment due to their limited income, instead of purchasing clothing. In addition, clothing price is rising. The V AT increase that came into affect the cost of goods, and will have a negative effect on the volume of retail sales, so it is indeed a permanent solution. Specifically, because of the global shortage, cotton price places an essential part in the price of clothing and it has increase significantly to the top for eighteen years.

The …Fast-Fashion? Phenomena is really popular recently. Consumers are able to purchase affordable products as retailers distribute low cost merchandise, including regular customer and new collections. Consumers are much willing to consider purchasing low cost products with the latest trends, rather than purchasing expensive one for long term uses. In this case, it forces retailers offer discount to customers and lower-priced rivals keep increasing market share (Walker 2011).

With the expansion on shopping online, Tutt (2014) claims that with the development of science and technology, shopping online nowadays is not that newfangled. He also mentions that e-commerce has overwhelmingly changed the nature of the clothing retailing industry in daily life for recent years. Many retail brands have launched their online shopping, such as smartphones and tablet applications (apps). At the same time, online clothing retailers have successfully enter the clothing market. Online clothing retailing has become more and more popular among people, due to its obvious convenience and some different innovative offerings in technology, including price comparison of branded goods, click and collect in-store services. ZARA is also on the way to develop its own online trade (Appendix 1).

2.1.2 Market size

As one international retailer globally, ZARA has 1827 stores in 88 counties by 15 April 2014, and continues to urge its logistics system to complete stock rotation every fortnight.

Moreover, the company got 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most significant shopping malls of over 400 cities within the Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this kind of expansion globally, ZARA has remained focused on its core fashion attitude to the combination of creativity and quality ,together with a rapid response to market demands.

2.13 Competitors analysis

Clothing retailing industry is highly competitive, and Palmer.A(2004) believes that keep an eye on competitors and trying to understand their likely next moves can be crucial. Figure 1 shows the competitors? analysis of ZARA.

Brand Brand Personality Competitive angle Pricing

H&M Fun

Trendy

Young minded Fashions for the entire family Cheap

Fast fashion

ASOS Cool

Fun

Popular

Technically savvy Large variety of stock due to

not having to present items in

a physical space

Varied due to market

place

Different ASOS labels

and brands stocked

River Island Young

Trendy

Colourful

Similar selection of products

to rival brands but add a logo

or pattern that is different

Affordable for their

target audience

Party animal

Figure 1: Competitors? analysis (Adopted from Luder, 2013)

2.2 The importance of Marketing mix for ZARA

2.2.1 Product

ZARA manufactures a wide range of customer-focused merchandise, such as shoes, clothes, jeans, sportswear, accessories and cosmetics for men, women and children. ZARA focus on fashionable elements, trendy garment and not divide production by age.

2.2.2 Place

ZARA?s stores are located in a affluent shopping mall. The company invested heavily in purchasing stores as closer as possible to the luxury brands, just for a emphasis of …affordable luxury?, and to obtain customer s? awareness.

Stores? layout is not only just relevant to stores which customer visit, but also to the layout and structure of virtual stores, and websites. This is really make sense in guiding buyers of intangible services through the choices available to them.

2.2.3 Price

.The prices of ZARA?s items are market-based more than cost-based and are different from different productions, so it was called the competition price.

2.2.4 Promotion

Palmer (2004) hold the view that promotion is for companies to communicate their products or service to their customers .ZARA does not use traditional advertising, only 0.3% of revenue are used for promotion, this shortage result in the customers do not have any ideas about the newest commodities. Its official website can provide a good channel to communication with its consumers.

Window displays are the first thing to attract potential consumers. Meticulously designed to be artistic and attention grabbing, while highlighting the newest designs.The windows in front of the store are always the latest fashion items.

2.2.5People

ZARA?s designers are always young and be taught to determine rapidly. Designers are trained to limit the figure of reviews and changes, speeding up the development process and minimizing the number of samples. Pearson(2010) told us that failure rates of ZARA's new products were reported to be about just one per cent, much lower than the average level among the industry of ten percent.

2.2.6 Physical Evidence

Physical evidence is about things such as: surrounding packaging, brochures, website design, application, carrier bags, in-store décor, atmosphere, and facilities, retail fixtures, display windows and brand logo. All the elements above will give customers the first impression immediately, then may become one of the reasons for buying.

2.2.7Process

It seems that most of the working processes of ZARA are outsourced in some countries that are close to Spain , which help to achieve a rapid turnaround. ZARA keeps a powerful relationship with its contractors and suppliers , regard them as part of its own enterprise.

2.3 The importance of ZARA?S Service innovation

2.3.1 Man-made Scarcity Value

ZARA's management of the supply chain makes it capable to set the flow speed of the production and information, so that the whole supply chain are able to run in a fast and predictable rhythm. Beneficial to adopt a brand management mode that is"fast-speed, small-amount, multiplicity ", while maintaining synchronization with fashion, through a combination of developing new models, and man-made "out of stock" ,in order to achieve rapid design, fast production, quick sale, update merchandise in every stores twice a week quickly.

This is really make sense for that everyone what to be “special” and “unique”. So that global average of 17 visits per consumer every year is much more than its competitors.

2.3.2 Efficient Information System

ZARA's ability to control stores is extremely strong, all the stores have to give data report to the headquarters every day. For the convenience of every store manager immediately give reports to the motherland of the latest selling data and fashion information, ZARA equipped managers with a special mobile data transmission equipment. The store manager will place an order by a handheld PDA, if it is not out of stock in headquarters, from order began to send online until the ZARA?s investments informationization of software and hardware are more than 100000 dollars, it is a quite expensive investment of informationization in this retail industry. Therefore, designers can have e-conference with the store managers around the world timely, and understand local sales and customer s? responses, so as to adjust direction of product design.

ZARA began to invested in information technology (IT) long time ago. The indoor Information Technology System is simple but effectual. Internal communication is

maximized by housing on one floor, the designers, pattern makers and merchandisers, as well as everyone else involved in the production.

2.3.3 E-commercial

The first online sales were launched for ZARA in Spain September 2010. Then have extended in the UK, Portugal, Italy, Germany and France, the united states, Canada, etc. Additionally, ZARA?s global online service later be extended to the South Korea and Mexico in the autum/winter of the 2014(Appendix 1). ZARA also got a smart app(Appendix 2) of its own brand, virtual closet app highlights upcoming styles, informs consumer of sold out items and offers alternative suggestions, provide individualized advertising at minimum cost.

3 Marketing techniques for manager-decision

3.1 Segmentation ,targeting & positioning

3.1.1Segmentation of ZARA

The fashion market can be segmented in several ways, for example by purchase frequency or market level. It categorizes consumers in terms of their age, attitudes, behaviours or by the type of products and services they might need.

Womenswear has been the main focus of the global fashion industry, with male clothing having a much less diverse products. However, with male celebrities becoming increasingly involved in the fashion industry, it is now more common for men to change their fashion styles as often as women.

In terms of ZARA, its used to divide their products line by 60 percent for women, 25 percent for men and the other proportion for children?s section. But the choices of male clothing products has expanded in recent years, because nowadays men are more and more focused on whether or not their dressing is within the fashion style.

Considering the other retailers get so much coverage for the womenswear offerings, ZARA should strike a balance between female and male. As can be seen from the figure.2 ZARA and H&M have very different strategies when it comes to the weighting of their offering. ZARA indeed have paid much more attention for men recently compared to its competitors H&M.

Figure.2. Segmentation of offering at ZARA & H&M (Adopted from Katie Smith,2014)

3.1.2 Targeting of ZARA

The targeted customer of ZARA is usually aged from18 to 40, with medium-high level of income. Moreover, targets customer based on their consciousness of fashion. The customers usually are busy people which been considered in ZARA?s tactic, that is to make the customer to buy by instinct.

The requirements and demands of individual consumers can vary greatly, and what may be suitable for one customer may be totally unsuitable for another. The company targets customers that are those interested in current vogue, as well as want to be hip with the latest fashion trends by limited money. In order to target this market, ZARA?s strategy should be launches its outlet in hot locations and provides customers with a new collection frequently with a relatively reasonale price.

3.1.3 Positioning of ZARA

Talking about the positioning, the company of ZARA aims to provide its customers with trendy and high fashion products at not expensive prices to fulfill their variable requirements. Figure 2 showed us the positioning of ZARA recently, and the position is worth to be sustained and evaluated for the future progress.

Figure 2: Positioning map (resource from: zarafashion 2013)

3.2Marketing objectives and goals

General objectives:

Strategically plan the incorporation of the new line within the existing business model- use core competencies and strengthen brand values with a new twist. Develop the consumer focused product line and marketing strategies.Customer is the starting point for the ZARA…s operation, like from the store, shop assistant will collect all the feedback and demands from the customers. Reinforce customer focus as the key driver of the ZARA brand

Specific goals:

Increase 20% of the brand value of ZARA. Last year, ZARA?s brand value rose 14 percent to 8.6 billion euros(Drucker.J2014).

Strategically segment the market. i.e. gender,age,lifestyles,works

To be customer-focused. Make them: Shorter decision times;More impulse buying;

A feeling of being unconstrained;Desire to reward oneself.

3.3Marketing strategies and programmes

3.3.1 Product

ZARA can be regarded as mature and confident for its customers and this thought kept unchanged since long time ago. A analysis of fashion consumer behaviors showed that some consumers attach meanings to their clothes, or regard them as the role of fashion in society. Innovatively, products can be divided into different theme. Not just focus on fashion or trendy.ZARA could give some special names to different themes, such as “Time-Back” for some cloths of vintage style, and “Hebetic M emory”for the garments that are full of the recollection of the youth.

3.3.2 Place

The stores of ZARA always located in high traffic, hot areas that impart a prestigious atmosphere to ZARA. But high-street stores have a high level competition among competitors in the same area, so it is wise to open some of the stores in somewhere far away form city centre, but near a residential area. As a result, people will visit them more often by its convenience or by the way they go to supermarket.

3.3.3 Price

ZARA?s pricing strategy is market-based, not cost-based. But the price is still affordable although premium pricing in a higher cost markets. Additionally, the number of price have a crucial relationship with buyers, so customers? idea also need to be considered.

3.3.4 Promotion

ZARA have to started campaigns in all the stores globally with politeness and frankness to charm the customers, treat them with excellent manners to get their loyalty. For the promotion of ZARA , they start focusing on website researches or smart phone application, either of them is the perfect way to display its production efficiently.

3.3.5 People

Selling effectiveness might be critically affected by the behaviours of front-line employees who are interact with customers closely(Posner.H 2011).

ZARA has a very effective way of training staff. And all the staff have different division of duty. Sales assistants ,cashiers and managers are work in their respective posts.

More importantly, all the employees are also made aware of the store target everday. This lets them know how they are selling that day in comparison to that day the previous year. They also should be get a pay staff commission, This helps to motivate as, the more you sell, the more you get paid.

3.3.6 Physical Evidence

This is more than the clothes or accessories themselves, it?s the tiny extras that make a huge difference. The label in the garment, the carrier bag so special that is kept as a treasured souvenir, all the displays would make a shopping feel thrilling and happy.

ZARA have not got some critical think about their carrier bags, there still have some room for innovative design about it, i.e. unique shape,mpressive colour or logo.For example, Prey is a unique boutique retailer from UK. Its carrier bag is beautifully designed and crafted. The bags are a treasure themselves, far too gorgeous to ever

throw away and it become a inducement to buy into the Prey world and purchase from the boutique.

3.3.7 Process

ZARA?s management of the supply chain is extremely low-cost, as well as most of their processes like operations, manufacturing are all vertically integrated, and the pattern called Vertical Integration ,With which, ZARA has the ability to control the whole process better and faster.

But sometimes the high speed on supply will leads to the limited runs of clothing, consumers may not be able to purchase desired pieces. So as to successfully respond consumers? demands, ZARA?s design decisions should be delayed as long as possible, people nowadays much busier with their work and study, and can not be easy to adapt the fast changeable situation.

4 Conclusion and suggestions

Fashion retailing is a saturated industry, so it is indeed to increase the brand value, by analysing the response to current industry trends. And there is also important to identify the need for the industry trends.

ZARA?s strategies aim to establish a unique business model that allows the company self-sufficient, throughout the stages of materials, manufacture, completion and distribution to stores worldwide within a short time.

Generally, ZARA is created a new business model, a complete business model based on customers? needs and wants. Only fully understanding and control the advantages and disadvantages, can obtain the long-time stable and sustainable development ZARA must work out an comprehensive strategy for its future. It is recommended that, not to execute all the decisions only in one method, gain the response and then decide for further actions to be taken. Meticulous assessment is in need before finalizing any

decisions, fashion marketplaces changes commonly that unchartered fancy may lead to undesired consequences.

zara市场调查

引言 2 00 3 年,ZARA 获得国际年度销售奖,理由是创造了供应链快速反应的创新经营模式。相关数据显示,ZARA 产品从设计理念到成品上架仅需10~15 天,每年可以提供2 万多种不同的产品供顾客选择。随着ZARA、H&M的出现,传统的销售模式被颠覆。进入21世纪以后,整个产业发生了重大改变。其一,奢侈品朝着快速消费品方向转变,业界称之为新奢侈品主义。其二,ZARA这种快速时尚以新的形象呈现在消费者眼前。从本质、速度到商品企划的决定设计,到品类管理决定视觉陈列企划这三个过程中,改变了GAP那个时代(20世纪60-70年代)SPA的模式格局。ZARA,这个让全球疯狂的服装品牌,其独特的极速供应链管理同样如雷贯耳。那么,是什么成就了ZARA 的今天呢?本文对“ZARA”品牌时尚服装进行了详细的市场调查,分析了该品牌的特点和竞争优势,以及企业目前营销策略上的不足,希望对ZARA的广告策略等有所帮助。 二、ZARA品牌概况1975年,学徒出身的阿曼西奥〃奥尔特加在西班牙西北部的偏远市镇开设了一个叫ZARA的小服装店。而今,昔日名不见经传的ZARA已经成长为全球时尚服饰的领先品牌,身影遍布全球60余个国家和地区,门店数已达1000余家。ZARA 品牌之道可以说是时尚服饰业界的一个另类,在传统的顶级服饰品牌和大众服饰中间独辟蹊径开创了快速时尚(Fast Fashion)模式。随着快速时尚(Fast Fashion)成为时尚服饰行业的一大主流业态,ZARA品牌也倍受推崇,有人称之为“时装行业中的戴尔电脑”,也有人评价其为“时装行业的斯沃琪手表”。在2005年,ZARA在全球100个最有价值品牌中位列77名,哈佛商学院把ZARA品牌评定为欧洲最具研究价值的品牌,沃顿商学院将ZARA品牌视为研究未来制造业的典范。ZARA作为一家引领未来趋势的公司,俨然成为时尚服饰业界的标杆。 三、服装市场调查与分析调查对象:时尚服饰的目标消费者18~35岁的年轻群体调查方法:观察法、问卷调查法调查目的:通过对时尚服装市场以及以ZARA牌详细的市场调查,分析出ZARA品牌时尚服装的特点及其竞争优势,以及竞争中不足,提出合理化的建议。 四、ZARA品牌与市场优势三大战略成就ZARA 在仔细研究ZARA 的运作方式以后,我们可以总结出ZARA 的三条主要经验。第一条,差异化的市场定位策略。ZARA 品牌能够成功立足于市场,关键在于其能贴近消费者需求,并充分整合区域资源优势。ZARA 品牌定位是价位在中低端的国际流行服饰品牌。ZARA以中高层消费者为主要客户群,让消费者无须花大钱就能追求流行时尚。第二条,全球运筹策略。ZARA 通过利用西班牙、葡萄牙的廉价生产资源和邻近欧洲的地缘优势,大幅降低产品制造与运输成本,提升货品上架时效,并掌握JIT(Just In Time,及时生产方式),及时把握流行趋势。这是ZARA 能够给消费者提供物美价廉产品的关键原因。第三条,创新的营销策略。ZARA 以欧洲制造为主要营销策略,成功利用消费者将欧洲制 造等同于高级流行服饰品牌的印象。?ZARA实现了10~14天的反应型生产配送,而中国大多数企业从接单到产品上市需要90天;?ZARA绝大多数的产品都在当季生产,季前生产比例只有10%~15%左右,而中国服装企业的季前生产比例几乎是100%;?ZARA每年推出12000个新款,而中国服装企业只有4000款左右,每个季度大约1000 款;?ZARA的库存周转率大约为每年11次,而中国服装企业只有大约3次;?ZARA的财务表现非常好,在GAP等美国服装巨头几乎零增长利润的时候,ZARA的销售额保持了每年20%的增长速度。国际快时尚品牌在金融危机下席卷而来,正是应证了准确的市场需求——平价、大牌的消费趋势。 五、ZARA的“快速时尚”当我们提起“时尚”一词时往往会想到雍荣华贵的巴黎、色彩缤纷的米兰,甚至还会有老成古板的伦敦;谈及流行也会涉及诸如“chanel ”、

ZARA营销策略分析报告

《市场营销学》结课论文 学生:学号: 班级: 题目:

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ZARA简介

ZARA简介 品牌名称:ZARA 所属国度:西班牙 开创时光:1975年 zara 开创人:阿曼西奥·奥尔特加 所属机构:Inditex集团 首席设计师:John Galliano ZARA是西班牙Inditex集团旗下的一个子公司,它既是服装品牌,也是专营ZA RA品牌服装的连锁零售品牌。Inditex是西班牙排名第一,并于近年超出了美国的G AP、瑞典的H&M成为全球排名第一的服装零售集团,2005年其全球的发卖额67.4 1亿欧元,发卖数达4.29亿件,纯利润8.03亿欧元。截至2006年6月它在全球64个国度和地区开设了2899家专卖店,旗下共有8个服装零售品牌,包含ZARA、Pu ll and Bear、Kiddy’s Class、Massimo Dutti、Bershka、Stradivarius、Oysho、Z ARA Home,ZARA是个中最有名的品牌。ZARA创于1975年,今朝在全球62个国度拥有917家专卖店(自营专卖店占90%,其余为合伙和特许专卖店)。尽管ZAR A品牌的专卖店只占Inditex公司所有分店数的三分之一,然则其发卖额却占总发卖额的70%阁下。 品牌汗青 1975年,学徒出身的阿曼西奥·奥尔特加在西班牙西北部的偏远市镇开设了一个叫ZARA的小服装店。而今,往日名不见经传的ZARA已经成长为全球时尚服饰的领先品牌,身影遍布全球60余个国度和地区,门店数已达1000余家。 zara品牌之道可以说是时尚服饰业界的一个另类,在传统的顶级服饰品牌和大年夜众服饰中心独辟门路开创了快速时尚(Fast Fashion)模式。跟着快速时尚(Fast Fa shion)成为时尚服饰行业的一大年夜主流业态,zara品牌也倍受推许,有人称之为“时装行业中的戴尔电脑”,也有人评价其为“时装行业的斯沃琪手表”。在2005年,ZAR A在全球100个最有价值品牌中位列77名,哈佛商学院把zara品牌评定为欧洲最具研究价值的品牌,沃顿商学院将zara品牌视为研究将来制造业的典范。ZARA作为一家引领将来趋势的公司,俨然成为时尚服饰业界的标杆。

4P理论在ZARA品牌营销策略中的应用分析

. 4P理论在ZARA营销策略 中的运用分析 . 张杨杰(20074507)党中阳(20074508)韩鸣(20074509)韩晓鑫(20074510)胡金梅(20074511) .

前言:4P营销策略是美国营销学学者麦卡锡教授在20世纪的60年代提出,包括产品(Product)、定价(Price)、渠道(Place)和促销组合(Promotion)。他认为一次成功和完整的市场营销活动,意味着以适当的产品、适当的价格、适当的渠道和适当的传播促销推广手段,将适当的产品和服务投放到特定市场的行为。其中: Product(产品的组合)主要包括产品的实体、服务、品牌、包装。它是指企业提供给目标市场的货物、服务的集合, 包括产品的效用、质量、外观、式样、品牌、包装和规格, 还包括服务和保证等因素。 Price(定价的组合), 主要包括基本价格、折扣价格、付款时间、借贷条件等。它是指企业出售产品所追求的经济回报。 Place(渠道)通常称为分销的组合, 它主要包括分销渠道、储存设施、运输设施、存货控制, 它代表企业为使其产品进入和达到目标市场所组织, 实施的各种活动, 包括途径、环节、场所、仓储和运输等。 Promotion(促销组合)是指企业利用各种信息载体与目标市场进行沟通的传播活动, 包括广告、人员推销、营业推广与公共关系等等。 本文对著名服装品牌ZARA的营销模式进行了分析,以4P理论观点角度审视ZARA的营销模式,找出4P理论在ZARA营销获得巨大成功的基础上的应用。 1. 极速发展的ZARA公司 西班牙知名服装品牌ZARA属于在全球排名第一的服装零售商Inditex公司旗下的品牌,该公司在全球拥有近2700家分店,其中 ZARA是Inditex公司9个品牌中最著名的旗舰品牌,被认为是欧洲最具研究价值的品牌。ZARA已在全球57个国家和地区拥有分店,并且每年都以70家左右的速度增长。尽管ZARA连锁店只占Inditex公司所有分店数的二分之一,但其销售额却占到了公司总销售额的75%左右。Inditex公司在2007年ZARA在全球营业额已达70亿欧元,市值则高达311欧元。连续超过H&M,GAP 成为世界上最大的服装零售商。 ZARA的成功在于其独特的市场定位和营销策略。ZARA把奢华多变的时尚、品质与大众平价结合在一起,重新定义了时装的概念,实现了像卖汉堡一样贩卖“时装”。ZARA在高档时装与流行服饰之间独辟蹊径:既摒弃了工业化生产服装的传统思路,也没有选择涉足奢侈品牌,而是让T 型台上展示的华服,成为人们“买得起的时尚”。因此ZARA也被称为“全球最具创意也最具破坏力的零售店家”。 2. ZARA营销模式中的4P应用 2.1 product(产品) 4p理论主要以生产为导向,以产品诉求为首要出发点,而ZARA独特的产品开发模式做到了这一点。ZARA用3000万美元重组其信息系统;通过收购,将1200家生产企业变为自己的战略联盟;招募了480人的庞大的设计师队伍,这些设计师的一个别名应叫“抄版员”;同时在巴黎、米兰、纽约等时装时尚发布地建立了完备的时尚情报站。通过这样的战略部署,全球任何一个地方最时尚的时装款式出来,她都可以在五天内生产出产品,推向市场,并且可以在竞争对手推出

zara案例分析供应链管理

问题讨论: ZARA以品牌运作和响应急速为核心的协同供应链运作模式,为供应链管理理论与实践研究开拓了哪些新的思路? ZARA品牌成功的原因有很多,如垂直一体化,高效的组织管理、独特的营销策略等,而最重要的一个原因是ZARA的急速供应链系统,该系统大大减少了物流、信息流、资金流在整个价值链体系中的迭代时间,从而使ZARA走在了时装行业的前端。 深入分析、总结ZARA的的急速供应链体系后,可以得出ZARA在如下八个环节中的运营特征: 1、品牌战略:既是服装品牌,也是专营ZARA品牌服装的连锁店零售品牌。坚持“快速、少量、多款”的品牌管理模式。 2、运营模式:实现快速设计、快速生产、快速出售、快速更新,专卖店商品每周更新两次的目标组合开发新款式,快速退出新产品,而且人为地造成“缺货”。 3、组织规划:ZARA公司坚持自己拥有和运营几乎所有的连锁店网络的原则,投入大量资金建设自己的工厂和物流体系,获得最大化的供应链控制能力。 4、产品设计:设计专家、市场分析专家和采购人员组成“三位一体”的商业团队,市场专家都要督责管理一些连锁店。每年设计的新款产品将近4万款,1/3投放市场。 5、物料采购:ZARA原材料也尽量从集团内的厂家购买,40%的布料供应来自于内部。这其中又有50%的布料是未染色的,这样就可以迅速应对夏季颜色变换的潮流。 6、生产制造:所有产品的50%通过自己的工厂完成,但是所有的缝制工作都由转包商完成。转包商把衣服缝制好之后,再送回原来裁剪的工厂,在那里烫平并接受检查。 7、物流配送:物流中心的卡车运送依据固定的发车时间表,距离不用千米来衡量,而用时间来衡量,ZARA信息系统对分销过程中的物流配送进行跟踪管

(完整word版)ZARA品牌策略分析

ZARA 品牌策划分析报告 专业:工程管理 班级:124B32 姓名:王宇鹏 学号:106682 西安科技大学高新学院 2014年12月

目录 一、ZARA品牌简介------------------------------------3 二、ZARA品牌定位------------------------------------3 三、运用4P理论对ZARA进行品牌策略分析(一)产品策略------------------------------------------ 3 (二)价格策略-------------------------------------------4 (三)渠道策略-------------------------------------------5 (四)促销策略-------------------------------------------8 四、结论----------------------------------------------------9

ZARA品牌策略分析 一、ZARA品牌简介: ZARA是西班牙著名品牌,是世界四大时装连锁机构之一,(其它三个为美国的休闲时装巨头GAP、瑞典的时装巨头H&M、德国的平价服装连锁巨头C&A),它是全球唯一的一家能够在15天内将生产好的服装配送到全球850多个店的时装公司。 ZARA是Inditex集团下的品牌,Inditex是西班牙排名第一,全球排名第三的服装零售商,在全球52个国家拥有2000多家分店。旗下拥有ZARA、Pull and Bear、Massimo Dutti等九个服装品牌,ZARA是其中最成功的,被认为是欧洲最具研究价值的品牌之一。 ZARA公司位于西班牙的拉克鲁尼亚,有2.7万名员工,年销售服装9000万件,在全球50多个国家拥有2000多个销售商店(其中有760多家ZARA专卖店)。ZARA公司对服装产品的生产制造能够做到在不到两周的时间内,就快速制作并进行销售。 ZARA的成功在于其独特的市场定位和营销策略。ZARA把奢华多变的时尚、品质与大众平价结合在一起,重新定义了时装的概念,实现了像卖汉堡一样贩卖“时装”。ZARA在高档时装与流行服饰之间独辟蹊径:既摒弃了工业化生产服装的传统思路,也没有选择涉足奢侈品牌,而是让T型台上展示的华服,成为人们“买得起的时尚”。因此ZARA也被称为“全球最具创意也最具破坏力的零售店家”。 二、ZARA品牌定位: 在工业经济时代,大规模生产使得物质产品供给超过了需求,消费者对于大众服饰的价格已经不再敏感,需求缺乏弹性。但是,高档服饰品牌作为奢侈品,消费者对价格则相当敏感,需求富有弹性,品牌折扣商场络绎不绝的人流就是最好的见证。大众消费者以超低的折扣价格购买到平时不敢奢望的名牌产品,满足了消费者爱慕高档服饰品牌“虚名”的需求,但从消费者内心而言,这些名牌产品早已被时尚潮流所淘汰,价值正如其价格已经大打折扣。ZARA 目标客户群定位在20至35岁的消费者,这一年龄段的消费者时尚敏感度高但尚不具备购买顶级服饰品牌的能力。ZARA 为了满足这一客户群的消费需求,开创了快速时尚(Fast Fashion)模式,在市场上获得了极大的成功。ZARA 卓越的运营系统使之成为可能,从流行趋势识别到新款服装摆放到店内,ZARA只需两周的时间,这使得ZARA 的新款服装总能和顶级服饰品牌几乎保持同步上市,但其价格甚至不及这些顶级服饰品牌的十分之一,ZARA 门庭若市是再自然不过的事情了。 三、运用4P理论对ZARA进行品牌策略分析 (一)产品策略: 4P理论主要以生产为导向,以产品诉求为首要出发点,而ZARA独特的产品开发模式做到了这一点。ZARA的产品结构主要表现在两个方面:1.款式种类丰富。ZARA的产品每年推出2万种新款式,分为男装、女装和童装。ZARA的女装分为三个系列,分别是以晚装及上班服为主的ZaraWomen、流行便服的Zara Basic,和运动感觉的年轻系列Zara TRF。Zara Women 的设计洋溢女性化的味道,是时尚女士的不二之选;Zara Basic则走流行便服路线,设计集当季流行元素于一身,营造不一样的女性魅力;Zara TRF 则是针对年轻市场而设的系列,当中最具代表性的是其牛仔服饰,都以收身的剪裁

ZARA的经营模式

ZARA的经营模式 销售和反馈 通过产品组织与设计、采购与生产、产品配送环节的快速、有效运转,ZARA虽然不是时尚的第一倡导者,却是以最快的速度把“潜能”变成现实的行动者!有人称“ZARA是一个怪物,是设计师的噩梦”,因为ZARA的模仿无疑会使他们的创造性大大贬值。大多数服装零售商的这个周期却达到了6-9个月甚至更长,所以他们都不得不努力去预测几个月后会流行什么、销售会有多大,而一般提前期月长预测误差越大,最后结果往往是滞销的商品剩下一大堆,畅销的又补不上,只能眼看着大好的销售机会流逝。 ZARA的各专卖店每天把销售信息发回总部,并且根据当前库存和近2周内销售预期每周向总部发两次补货订单。为了保证订单能够集中批量生产,从而减少生产转换时间和降低成本,各个专卖店必须在规定时间前下达订单,如果错过了最晚的下订单时间则只有等到下一次了,ZARA对这个时间点的管理是非常严格的,因为它将影响供应链上游多个环节。 总部拿到各专卖店的销售、库存和订单等消息后,分析判断各种产品是畅销还是滞销。如果滞销则取消原定计划生产(因为在当季销售前只生产下个季度出货量的15%左右,而大多数服装企业已经生产下个季度出货量的45-60%),这样ZARA就可以把预测风险控制在最低水平;如果有产品超过2-3周的时间还没销售出去就会被送到所在国某专卖店进行集中处理,在一个销售季节结束后,ZARA最多有不超过18%的服装不太符合消费者口味,而行业平均水平约35%。 如果产品畅销,且总部有现存的面料,则迅速通过高效的供应链体系追加生产、快速补货以抓住销售机会,如果没有面料则会停产。一般畅销品最多也就补货两次,一方面为了减少同质化产品的产生,满足市场时尚化、个性化的需求;一方面制造一些人为的“断货”,因为顾客指导了有些款式的衣服是不会有第二次犹豫着下次再买。销售与反馈的整体流程见图5。 销售与反馈流程 此外,一年中ZARA也只在两个明确的时间段内进行有限的降价销售,一般是8.5折以上,而不是业内普遍采用的连续降价方法,最后平均只有6-7折。 ZARA它完全打破了传统服装品牌惯例的运作模式,走的是一条完全不同的破坏式创新之路,最根本的在于其高效的以品牌运作为核心的协同供应链运作体系。 ZARA:凭什么让企业“快”起来 著名经济学家郎咸平曾指出:“2000年后成功的企业,成功不是靠创新,而是靠快速反应。”其中不难看出,对市场的“快速反应能力”将成为衡量现代化企业核心竞争力的关键。而对于以“时效性”著称的服装业界,“流行性”和“季节性”构成了服装商品的显著特征,服装企业要做到“信息反馈高效、市场反应灵敏”,才能在日趋激烈的市场竞争中立稳脚跟。因此,如何突破传统经营模式的壁垒,将原辅料供应、生产制造、产品销售等环节有机协调,建立起高效而完整的供应链体系、共享信息网络的有效资源,实现“以销定产、以产定购”的快速反应机制将是我国服装企业在发展过程中需要面对的严峻课题。 聚焦ZARA——信息时代的“朝阳” 来自西班牙的世界知名服装品牌ZARA以“快速反应”著称于流行服饰业界,其成功的运作模式不仅成为业界的标竿,更成为欧美商学院著名的教学个案。《商业评论》把ZARA称为“时装行业中的戴尔电脑”;也有人评价ZARA为“时装行业的斯沃琪手表”。 ZARA凭借其另人咋舌的快速反应能力在激烈的市场竞争中赢得了成功,在欧洲27个国家及全世界55个国家和地区建立了2200家女性服饰连锁店。在2004年度全球营业收入达到46亿欧元,利润4.4亿欧元,获利率9.7%,比美国第一大服饰连锁品牌GAP的6.4%还要出色。 “高速度、小批量、多款式”构成ZARA与众不同的生产方式,ZARA最成功的地方在于:把由设计到销售所需的前导时间大幅缩减,ZARA的前导时间只有12天。它保证了第一时间为顾客带来最为时尚的新款服装。传统的服装零售商由于生产周期长而不能根据季节的变化随时改变设计或增加新的款式,而ZARA 由于其快速的生产方式可以随时更换产品的数量、设计、面料、色彩,其速度与二十多岁的年轻人改变心

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