下载文档原格式
EMPLOYEE CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTIn consideration of my employment or continued employment by Branch of Sinopec International Petroleum Service Corporation (together with any affiliate of Branch of Sinopec International Petroleum Service Corporation, the "Company"), and the compensation now and hereafter paid to me, I hereby agree as follows:1. RECOGNITION OF COMPANY'S RIGHTS; NONDISCLOSUREAt all times during the term of my employment and thereafter, I will hold in strictest confidence and will not disclose, use, lecture upon or publish any of the Company's Proprietary Information (defined below), except as such disclosure, use or publication may be required in connection with my work for the Company, or unless an executive officer of the Company expressly authorizes such in writing. The term "Proprietary Information" shall mean trade secrets, confidential knowledge, data or any other information of the Company. By way of illustration but not limitation, "Proprietary Information" includes (a) inventions, mask works, trade secrets, ideas, processes, formulas, source and object codes, data, programs, other works of authorship, know-how, improvements, discoveries, developments, designs and techniques (hereinafter collectively referred to as "Inventions"); and (b) information regarding plans for research, development, new products, regulatory matters, marketing and selling, business plans, budgets and unpublished financial statements, licenses, prices and costs, suppliers and customers; and information regarding the skills and compensation of other employees of the Company.2. THIRD PARTY INFORMATIONI understand, in addition, that the Company has received, and in the future will receive, from third parties confidential or proprietary information ("Third Party Information") subject to a duty on the Company's part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. During the term of my employment and thereafter, I will hold Third Party Information in the strictest confidence and will not disclose to anyone (except in connection with my work for the Company), unless expressly authorized by an executive officer of the Company in writing.3. ASSIGNMENT OF INVENTIONS3.1 ASSIGNMENTI hereby assign to the Company all my right, title and interest in and to any and all Inventions (and all patent rights, copyrights, trademarks, trade secret rights, all other rights throughout the world in connection therewith, and the goodwill associate with all of the foregoing (collectively, "Proprietary Rights"), whether or not patentable or registrable under patent, copyright, trademark or similar statutes, made or conceived or reduced to practice or learned by me, either alone or jointly with others, during the period of my employment with the Company. Inventions assigned to, or as directed by, the Company under this Paragraph 3 is hereinafter referred to as "Company Inventions." I agree, upon request, to execute, verify and deliver assignments of the Proprietary Rights to the Company or its designee and I hereby appoint the Company my attorney-in-fact with respect to the Proprietary Rights for the purpose of effecting any or all of the Company's rights to and use of the Proprietary Rights.4. ENFORCEMENT OF PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.I will assist the Company in every proper way to obtain and enforce United States and foreign Proprietary Rights relating to Inventions in any and all countries. My obligation to assist the Company with respect to Proprietary Rights relating to such Inventions in any and all countries shall continue beyond the termination of my employment, but the Company shall compensate me at a reasonable rate after my termination for the time actually spent by me at the Company's request on such assistance.5. WAIVER OF CLAIMSI hereby waive any and all claims, of any nature whatsoever, which I now or may hereafter have for infringement of any Proprietary Rights assigned by me to the Company pursuant to this pursuant to this Employee Confidentiality Agreement (the "Agreement").6. OBLIGATION TO KEEP COMPANY INFORMEDDuring the period of my employment, I will promptly disclose all Inventions to the Company fully and in writing and will hold such Inventions in trust for the sole right and benefit of the Company. In addition, after termination of my employment, I will promptly disclose all patent applications filed by me within a year after termination of my employment with the Company.7. PRIOR INVENTIONSInventions, if any, patented or unpatented, which I made prior to the commencement of my employment with the Company are excluded from the scope of this Agreement.8. COVENANT NOT TO SOLICIT OR COMPETE8.1 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS(a) I agree that during the period of my employment by the Company I will not, withoutthe Company's prior written consent, engage in any employment or business activityother than for the Company. I further agree that during the term of my employmentwith the Company and for a period of one (1) year thereafter, I also shall not solicit,or arrange to have any other person or entity solicit, any person or entity engaged bythe Company as an employee, customer, supplier, or consultant or advisor to theCompany to terminate such party's relationship with the Company. The time periodsprovided for in this Section 8.1(a) shall be extended for a period of time equal to anyperiod of time in which I shall be in violation of any provision of this Section 8.(b) In view of the unique nature of the business of the Company and the need of theCompany to maintain its competitive advantage in the industry, I agree andacknowledge that, in the event that I breach any other covenant or obligation setforth herein, a court competent jurisdiction shall enjoin me for a period of one (1)year following the issuance of such injunctive order from, directly or indirectly, withinKingdom of Saudi Arabia or its Territories or Possessions, or within any othercountry, (i)engaging in, (ii) owning an interest in, (iii) being employed by, orconsulting for, or acting as an advisor to, any person or entity which engages in, or(iv) otherwise participating in any way in, any activity which competes with theBusiness (as defined in Section 8.2 below) of the Company.8.2 DEFINITION OF BUSINESS; COVENANT TO AGREEFor purposes of Section 8.1 above, the term "Business" shall mean:Construction of road, bridge and oil facilities, installation of pipeline and tanks; drilling and maintaining of oil, gas and water wells; workover of rigs and equipments;geophysical prospecting; anti-corrosion services and cement and mud services for oil wells and gas wells.9. NO IMPROPER USE OF MATERIALSDuring my employment by the Company, I will not improperly use or disclose any confidential information or trade secrets, if any, of any former employer or any other person to whom I have an obligation of confidentiality, and I will not bring onto the premises of the Company any unpublished documents or any property belonging to any former employer or any other person to whom I have an obligation of confidentiality unless consented to in writing by that former employer or person.10. NO CONFLICTING OBLIGATION; NO MISREPRESENTATIONI represent that my performance of all the terms of this Agreement and my performance of my duties as an employee of the Company do not and will not breach any agreement to keep in confidence information acquired by me in confidence or in trust prior to my employment by the Company. I have not entered into, and I agree I will not enter into, any agreement either written or oral in conflict herewith. I further agree that I will not misrepresent in any manner, my title or the nature of my current role and responsibilities at the Company to any potential or future employer.11. RETURN OF COMPANY DOCUMENTSWhen I leave the employ of the Company, I will deliver to the Company any and all drawings, notes, memoranda, specifications, devices, formulas, molecules, cells, storage media, including software, documents and computer printouts, together with all copies thereof, and any other material containing or disclosing any Inventions, Third Party Information or Proprietary Information of the Company. I further agree that any property situated on the Company's premises and owned by the Company, including disks and other storage media, filing cabinets or other work areas, is subject to inspection by Company personnel at any time with or without notice.12. LEGAL AND EQUITABLE REMEDIESBecause my services are personal and unique and because I may have access to and may become acquainted with the Proprietary Information of the Company, the Company shall have the right to enforce this Agreement and any of its provisions by injunction, specific performance or other equitable relief, without bond, without prejudice to any other rights and remedies that the Company may have for a breach of this Agreement, and I waive the claim or defense that the Company has an adequate remedy at law. I shall not, in any action or proceeding to enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement, assert the claim or defense that such an adequate remedy at law exists.13. NOTICESAny notices required or permitted hereunder shall be given to me at the address specified below or at such other address as I shall specify in writing. Such notice shall be deemed given upon personal delivery to the appropriate address or if sent by certified or registered mail, three days after the date of mailing.Mail Address:Email:Mobile Telephone:14. GENERAL PROVISIONS14.1 GOVERNING LAWThis Agreement is executed under seal and will be governed by and construed according to the laws of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.14.2 ENTIRE AGREEMENTThis agreement is the final, complete and exclusive agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes and merges all prior discussions between us. No modification or amendment of this Agreement, nor any waiver of any rights under this Agreement, will be effective unless in writing signed by the party to be charged. Any subsequent change or changes in my duties, salary or compensation will not affect the validity or scope of this Agreement. As used in this Agreement, the period of my employment includes any time during which I may be retained by the Company as a consultant.14.3 SEVERABILITYIf one or more of the provisions in this Agreement are deemed unenforceable by the law, then the remaining provisions will continue in full force and effect.14.4 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNSThis Agreement will be binding upon my heirs, executors, administrators and other legal representatives and will be for the benefit of the Company, its successors, and its assigns. I may not assign any of my rights, or delegate any of my obligations, under this Agreement.14.5 SURVIVALThe provisions of this Agreement shall survive the termination of my employment and the assignment of this Agreement by the Company to any successor in interest or other assignee.14.6 EMPLOYMENTI agree and understand that nothing in this Agreement shall confer on me any right with respect to continuation of my employment with the Company, nor shall it interfere in any way with my right or the Company's right to terminate my employment at any time, with or without cause. 14.7 WAIVERNo waiver by the Company of any breach of this Agreement shall be a waiver of any preceding or succeeding breach. No waiver by the Company of any right under this Agreement shall be construed as a waiver of any other right. The Company shall not be required to give notice to enforce strict adherence to all terms of this Agreement.14.8 DISPUTE RESOLUTIONThis Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the laws of Saudi Arabia. All disputes in connection with this Agreement or the execution thereof shall be first settled friendly through negotiations. In case no settlement can be reached the case may be submitted to the KSA Arbitration Commission for arbitration. The arbitration shall take place in KSA in English in accordance with the prevailing arbitration procedures and rules of the above Arbitration Commission. The award of arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties. Neither party shall seek recourse to a law court or other authorities to appeal for revision of the arbitral decision. Arbitration fee shall be borne be the losing party.14.9 DISCLOSUREI agree that the Company may, provide a copy of this Agreement to any business or enterprise (i) which I may directly or indirectly own, manage, operate, finance, join, control or participate in the ownership, management, operation, financing, or control of, or (ii) with which I may be connected with as an officer, director, employee, partner, principal, agent, representative, consultant or otherwise, or in connection with which I may use or permit my name to be used. I agree that I will provide the names and addresses of any such persons or entities as the Company may from time to time reasonably request.This Agreement shall be effective as of the first day of my employment with the Company.I UNDERSTAND THAT THIS AGREEMENT AFFECTS MY RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS I MAKE DURING MY EMPLOYMENT, AND RESTRICTS MY RIGHTS TO DISCLOSE OR USE THE COMPANY'S CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION OR TO COMPETE WITH THE COMPANY DURING OR SUBSEQUENT TO MY EMPLOYMENT.I HAVE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY AND UNDERSTAND ITS TERMS. I HAVE COMPLETELY FILLED OUT EXHIBIT A TO THIS AGREEMENT.EMPLOYEESignature：Name:Dated:Branch of …….CorporationBy:-----------------------Name:Title:Date:。
《新视野》第四册词汇同步练习Unit 1 Life and Logic1.He’s one of the few people who went through both the ______ training establishments. (U1----A)2.他是通过精英培训的少数人之一A. shrewdB. noticeableC. exclusiveD. elite2.On her wedding day, the bride looked truly ______. (U1----A)A. gloriousB. radiantC. brilliantD. radical3. The hands on my alarm clock are ______, so I can see what time it is in the dark . (U1----A)A. glamorousB. graciousC. luminousD. exotic4. Coffee is the ______ of this district and brings local farmers a lot of money. (U1----A)主要的经济作物A. majorityB. stapleC. spiceD. elite5.Prior knowledge of the old idea may well ______ or inhibit the new one . (U1----A)旧观念的先验知识可能会干扰或抑制新的想法A. deformB. distortC. distractD. distress6.Investigators are ______.（调查人员被难倒了）They don’t know whether this was an accident, a suicide, or a murder. (U1----A)A. stumpedB. scaredC. shockedD. concerned7. Since the beginning of the year, there have been sharp drops in the pound-dollar ______ rate. (U1----A)英镑兑换美元汇率急剧下降A. conversionB. transferC. referenceD. diversion8.This vegetable protects and keeps the outer skin layer and results preventing ______ aging.(U1----A)A. priorB. previousC. prematureD. premium9. Yet far from ______ in fear, the opposition has responded to the confessions with renewed outrage and calls for more protests.(U1----A)然而，反对派不顾一切的担心，反对派对这种供词做出了反应，反复愤慨并呼吁进行更多的活动A. clashingB. crashingC. crushingD. crumbling10. She was very handsome, but so proud and vain that she could not endure that anyone should ______ her in beauty (U1----A)A. superviseB. sufficeC. suppressD. surpass11. Frequent______ of 大量体育赛事频频披露腐败大大英雄连裁判的公众形象corruption in major sports events greatly affect the referee’s public image. (U1----A)A. contemptB. disclosuresC. contactsD. exhibitions12.I thank you for the rich diversity of debates, ideas, experiences and practical, often ______ solutions.(U1----A)A. indifferentB. doggedC. radiantD. ingenious13. It was impossible to ______ the extent of his links with the Mafia. (U1----A)A. perceiveB. discardC. discernD. disclose14.The accused has the right to ______ a higher court and the right of petition .(U1----A)A. appeal ofB. appeal toC. appeal forD. appeal on15. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ______. (U1----A)A. trivialB. rareC. obscureD. glaring16. He is the only person who can ______ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.(U1----B)A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify17. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr Brown is certainly on the ______ of a brilliant career . (U1----B)A. porchB. edgeC. courseD. threshold18.It is very difficult to make such a conclusion without ______ research. (U1----B)A. theoreticalB. empiricalC. objectiveD. subjective19. Although they knew that they would lose money, they decided to have fun at the casino and ______. (U1----B)A. made a pactB. played the oddsC. made a millionD. made a difference20.In my own research, I have been able to ______ the common notion that the Chinese invented gunpowder but only used it for fireworks.(U1----B)A. refuseB. refuteC. rejectD. retreatUnit 2 Secrets to beauty1. His ______ behavior really got on my nerves. (U2—A)A. dominantB. arrogantC. elegantD. pleasant2.The evidence he gave the police was ______ to prove his innocence, so he was taken captive. (U2—A)A. sufficientB. proficientC. deficientD. diligent3.Her ______ with mah-jong began three months ago, which sadly resulted in her neglect of her family. (U2—A)A. obligationB. professionC. obsessionD. consumption4. Anyone who doesn’t act in ______ with the laws will be punished. (U2—A)A. conformityB. collisionC. cooperationD. correspondence5.If you ______ it long enough you can find the answer to that problem. (U2—A)A. proceed toB. stick toC. put up withD. stand for6.While teenagers are most likely to ______ unhealthy things online, adults are not immune to them, especially when they have no compass in life. (U2—A)A. be aware ofB. become eager forC. become obsessed withD. be acquainted with7.I trust the Chinese government will ______ its pledge (about pollution levels), because if not itwill be very embarrassing for them. (U2—A)A. get away withB. end withC. embark onD. live up to8.You would take things as they came. All you had to do was think a little harder and ______ a new solution. (U2—A)A. put up withB. bring upC. set upD. come up with9.They humiliated the young man ______ pressuring his father into telling them something that would damage me, whether it was true or not. (U2—A)A. in terms ofB. in line withC. in hopes ofD. in view of10. Let me ______ two of many reasons for this concern. (U2—B)A. undertakeB. undermineC. underestimateD. underscore11. She suffered through two divorces and finally found peace through yoga and ______ . (U2—B)A. medicationB. meditationC. mentalityD. melody12. Two trains ______ head-on in Ohio early this morning. (U2—B)A. trappedB. collapsedC. collidedD. overlapped13.The athletes’ determination and perseverance ______ the spirit of the nation. (U2—B)A. embraceB. exemplifyC. embodyD. endanger14. The antagonisms (对抗，对立) between the two empires and systems were ______. (U2—B)A. memorialB. mysteriousC. moralD. mortal15. Watching TV too much and being obsessed with mobile phone would ______ your brain. (U2—B)A. degenerateB. detectC. determineD. deduce16. Income inequality is ______ in developed countries, and there is no obvious answer why. (U2—B)A. on the cornerB. on the riseC. on the averageD. on the ground17. Members of the service staff shall be ______ dues and taxes on the wages which they receive for their services. (U2—B)A. exempt fromB. immune toC. free fromD. relevant to18. The Arab-Israeli conflict, Obama added, “should no longer be used to ______ the people of Arab nations ______ other problems.” (U2—B)A. mingle...withB. drive...toC. distract...fromD. trade...for19. I didn’t ______ his action, but he explained his reason and then I saw the light. (U2—B)A. agree withB. approve ofC. stick toD. watch for20. Governments no longer have any regard for the people that they are supposed to protect and ______ . (U2—B)A. huddle togetherB. be accountable toC. plead withD. catch up withUnit 3 Being entrepreneurial1. We are carrying out reform in a vast, poor country, and there is no ______ for this anywhere in theworld.(U3----A)A. presidentB. precedentC. processD. precision2.It finally hit her that someone was using a time machine, to go back in time, and ______ someone who was already dead.(U3----A)A. reviveB. surviveC. revolveD. relieve3. This paper proposes a thought to ______ a dynamic web site based on ASP technology.(U3----A)A. administrateB. allocateC. assimilateD. alleviate4. Chatty colleagues not only ______ their own schedules, but also stop you from completing your task on time.（U3----A）A. disruptB. abruptC. corruptD. erupt5. They talked like this for a few minutes, while the other occupants of the room began to ______ to their various tasks. (U3----A).A. distributeB. disperseC. disputeD. distinguish6. In the assignment of various sorts of tough work, none of them felt as if they were being ______.(U3----A)A. picked upB. picked outC. picked offD. picked on7. The advice they gave their superior ______ this: in order to work more efficiently he should take care of his own health.(U3----A)A . boiled down to B. got down to C. ran down to D. went down with8. In order to consolidate the new-born political power, first of all, the governor should gradually weaken the feudal separatist forces and strengthen the ______ of power.(U3----A)A. centralizationB. decentralizationC. centerD. concentration9.Chinese embroidery(刺绣) is an ______ craft, famous for its long history, and is internationally loved. (U3----A)A. fragrantB. requisiteC. fragileD. exquisite10. With the ______ of time, the factors having negative impact on the dam are of obvious time-varying characteristics. (U3----A)A. elapseB. eclipseC. clipD. clap11. From seeing a doctor leaving the scene of the severe accident, you may ______that someone has been badly injured.（U3----A）A. deductB. deduceC. reduceD. conduct12. Our findings have yet to be publish ed, so I can’t tell you much here, but we think we’re _____ something.A. upB. withC. atD. onto13. You ‘ll never mend your car like that and let me ______ it.A. have a stab atB. make a fuss onC. do a favorD. get stuck in14. From the start of the season, customers have been ______ by the businessmen . Didn't they know that this is a very bad marketing strategy? (U3----B)A. boundedB. houndedC. foundedD. wounded15. Soon he adapted himself to the new country and invariably his roots have ______ the new land firmly. (U3----B)A. used toB. become embedded inC. gotten accustomed toD. been sunk in16. As a naughty child, he used to ______ my sister into crying by telling her that a tiger was coming. (U3----B)A. designateB. assimilateC. intimidateD. stimulate17. The servant hung down his head in front of the ______ look of his master, and remained motionless, without making any answer. (U3----B)A. imperialB. imperiousC. imperativeD. impromptu18. Like his ______ , Robert might have had the innate ability to foresee the unknown future. (U3----B)A. predecessorB. forerunnerC. foreseerD. foreperson19. Compared to voter participation rates of citizens in other democracies, participation in American elections is low; slightly more than 50 percent of those _____ to particip ate in national presidential elections. (U3----B)A. feasibleB. availableC. eligibleD. accessible20.The new standards ______ that prosecutors cannot use evidence collected from forced confessions, torture or violence. (U3----B)A. manipulateB. stipulateC. nominateD. dedicateUnit 4 Nature : To warship or to conquer1. He set a ______ example to all of us. (U4----A)A. definitiveB. infinitiveC. indefiniteD. definite2. The mouse had a quick wit and was able to ______ his way out of danger . (U4----A)A. elbowB. maneuverC. fightD. struggle3. It looks like this boxing match is going to be a ______. (U4----A)A. cutoffB. kickoffC. takeoffD. standoff4. The pay that the soldiers received was ______. (U4----A)A. negligibleB. intelligibleC. credibleD. compatible5. No other organization was able to or willing to ______ the job. (U4----A)A. take onB. take inC. take toD. take off6. The civil rights movement fought against practices that ______ blacks and whites. (U4----A)A. segregateB. aggravateC. aggregateD. separate7.At this age your baby can’t ______ one person from another. (U4----A)A. differB. differentiateC. insulateD. isolate8. Though she is over 60 years old, she still chooses work _____ retirement. (U4----A)A. atB. onC. overD. upon9. Your ideals and expectations of higher education may be quite ______ with reality. (U4----A)A. incompatibleB. intelligibleC. negligibleD. visible10. They do not see the significance of their mother tongue and Chinese culture does not _____ them. (U4----A)A. put up withB. run againstC. call uponD. strike a chord with11. Place a plate over the cake tin and ______ it. (U1----B)A. avertB. invertC. divertD. convert12. He tried to remain emotionally ______ from the prisoners, but failed. (U1----B)A. attachedB. detachedC. sensitiveD. indifferent13. Fantasies cannot harm you, no matter how ______ or far out they are. (U1----B)A. bizarreB. briskC. bleakD. brutal14. We ______ violence against civilians. (U1----B)A. exploreB. deploreC. exposeD. dispose15. I’ve personally never ______ to the view that either sex is superior to the other. (U1----B)A. subscribedB. describedC. prescribedD. ascribed16. The burglar thought old people are easy______.(U4----B)A. attackB. preyC. cheatD. pray17. His second wife, Alice, was determined to ______ him from his two sons. (U4----B)A. alienateB. refrainC. preventD. alleviate18. Consumption of alcohol ______ your ability to drive a car. (U4----B)A. empowerB. impartC. impairD. impose19. Who presides ______ the meeting has not been decided. (U4----B)A. inB. overC. ofD. about20. She kept trying to ______ a little fun into their relationship. (U4----B)A. rejectB. objectC. injectD. projectUnit 5 Why culture counts1. Don’t worry because it was an accident and no blame is attached ______either of you. (U5----A)A. toB. ofC. inD. on2. She is the ______head of our college—the real work is done by the vice dean. (U5----A)A. formalB. optionalC. nominalD. literal3. At the meeting, the manager wanted to get to the ______ and deal with the issue. (U5----A)A. pointB. crustC. exteriorD. gulf4. There is nothing nasty in her tone. _______, she might have simply been a little impatient that day. (U5----A)A. For nothingB. If anythingC. Of somethingD. For anything5. It’s clear that politicians are often______ in with their own interests. (U5----A)A. pledgedB. hedgedC. forgedD. edged6. Many people were______ of the vote count. (U5---A)A. suspiciousB. conspicuousC. maliciousD. courteous7. We should settle the dispute through negotiations without resorting to legal_______. (U5----A)A. succeedingB. exceedingC. precedingD. proceeding8. They are at a ______meeting where important personnel matters are discussed. (U5----A)A. presidentialB. confidentialC. influentialD. residential9. Trembling hands and legs may ______feelings of fear or nervousness. (U5----A)A. denoteB. devoteC. decodeD. define10. This is now the sixth ______ weekend that I’ve spent working hard, and I’m fed up with it. (U5----A)A. distinctiveB. deductiveC. executiveD. consecutive11. The ______of these two companies would create the world’s biggest accounting firm. (U5----B)A. chargerB. mergerC. dangerD. exchanger12. The mayor has remained ______ about plans to reduce the budget deficit. (U5----B)A. numbB. untouchedC. muteD. malicious13. Future office buildings will be ______ into apartment. (U5----B)A. convertibleB. intelligibleC. incompatibleD. negligible14. They are trying to ______our attention to something else. (U5----B)A. revertB. convertC. divertD. invert15.The oil which is ______ from olives can be used for cooking. (U5----B)A. extendedB. extractedC. exemptedD. expended16. I don’t want anyone to think that we have ______ him out unfairly. (U5----B)A. shutB. reachedC. sealedD. singled17. The supervisor put her ______eight babies, which kept her so busy in the morning that she had no time to eat. (U5----B)A. in charge ofB. in case ofC. in face ofD. in favor of18. The new law authorizes the police to ______anyone suspected of being in the country. (U5----B)A. entertainB. attainC. detainD. maintain19. He ______ into my office while I was having a meeting. (U5----B)A. ranB. plungedC. chargedD. incorporated20. He is the only one in my office who knows how to______ code for computer programs. (U5----B)A. complimentB. complementC. competeD. compileUnit6 Gender equality1. These people are willing to ______, walk the dog, go grocery shopping or take the kids off your hands for an hour or two at least once a month. (U6-A)A. set outB. take overC. run errandsD. participate in2. Governments are more empowered than ever before to _______ how banks make their lending decisions. (U6-A)A. boil down toB. have a say onC. keep an open mindD. refer to3．The Prime Minister ______ the aims of his government in his memorandum .(U6-A)A. set inB. set outC. set forthD. set up4. The consequence of discrimination is that people who have been discriminated will lose a(n)______ opportunity.(U6-A)A. greatB. idealC. missedD. equal5. In this situation, we need logical ______ to understand the relations among different elementsused in the programming process.(U6-A)A. conclusionB. hintC. deductionD. summary6.Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democraticprocessthat encourages everyone to have a ______. (U6-A)A.wayB. pointC. sayD. vision7. When food supplies were cut off that winter, the sick and wounded soldiers managed to ______onwild herbs. (U6-A)A. scrape upB. scrape byC. live thoughD. go through8.______ reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. (U6-A)A. EffectiveB. InventiveC. CreativeD. Deductive9. A new house of any size was now almost invariably _______.(U6-A)A. verticalB. systematicalC. symmetricalD. reciprocal10. This new machine will _______us from the hard work..A. liberateB. alleviateC. emancipateD. release11. The inhabitants of the island ______ their drinking water ______ underground sources. (U6-A)A.picked----upB. pulled ---outC. drew---fromD. extracted ---from12. Most of the civilians_______ by the war will be unable to return to their homes. (U6-B)A．displaced B. replaced C. discharged D. displayed13. Our newspapers try to cater ______ all opinions.(U6-A)A. toB. forC. withD. up14. He could ______ forget about the experience ______ he could forget his own name.(U6-A)A.no rather--- thanB. no more ---thanC .not more --- than D. not rather ---than15. There were times ______ he thought his career might be over after he suffered a knee injury last December. (U6-B)A.thatB. whatC. howD. when16. When the workers held demonstrations last week, one department manager was ______from hisoffice by an angry crowd. (U6-B)A. projectedB. ejectedC. rejectedD. objected17. His parents never force him to do anything ______ his will. (U6-B)A. toB. overC. againstD. with18. More people than ever before are ______ the city council this year. (U6-B)A. running toB. running forC. running afterD. running with19.Trump has repeatedly called for the ______ of NSA (National Security Agency)leaker Edward Snowden. (U6-B)A. executionB. segregationC. mediationD. discrimination20. They were charged with plotting the ______ of the state. (U6-B)A. detentionB. pilgrimC. overthrowD. throneUnit 7 Energy and food crises1. Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy_______ that launched the Industrial Age.( U7-A)A. changeB. growthC. riseD. revolution2. Ever since then, with the rapid increase of population ________, the industrialized world’s thirst for energy has more than tripled. ( U7-A)A. densityB. widthC. strengthD. breadth3. Part of my happiness is ________ from my ability to help others. ( U7-A)A. caughtB. arrivedC. reachedD. derived4. We should do everything possible to combat fake drugs because they ________ a risk to consumers. ( U7-A)A. imposeB. poseC. composeD. dispose5. The fate of this project _______ on the decision the council. ( U7-A)A. looksB. dwellsC. hinges C. reflects6. All reservoirs will eventually fill ________ with mud and require very expensive excavation to clear them up to become useful again. ( U7-A)A. outB. upC. onD. through7. Hydroelectric power is considered to be environmentally friendly because it a source of clean and _______ energy. ( U7-A)A. reusableB. recycledC. regainedD. renewable8. Making solar energy work ________ a large scale, however, is much easier said than done. ( U7-A)A. onB. atC. inD. for9. His illness _______ him with no choice but to retire at an earlier age. ( U7-A)A. offeredB. gaveC. leftD. brought10. Many species are still going ________ because humans are destroyed and disrupting their habitats. ( U7-A)A. extinctB. distinctC. instinctD. exotic11. The new president will be _________ on January 20th. ( U7-A)A. begunB. embarkedC. establishedD. inaugurated12. Autumn is _______ us and the trees are turning gold. ( U7-A)A. uponB. closeC. toD. toward13. The community decided to take ______ action to cope with problems such as school inadequacies. ( U7-A)A. sameB. unifiedC. identicalD. equal14. Of all the qualities, character is considered to be what makes one man ________ more prominently than another. ( U7-B)A. stand forB. stand upC. stand outD. stand by15. When she heard him say he was going to _______the contract, she disagreed, saying that it wasn’t easy to find a job and unless he had something else in mind. ( U7-B)A. turn awayB. turn downC. turn offD. turn back16. People in this region are starved _______ drinking water.A. ofB. forC. inD. with17. There is a growing _________ about what needs to be done to protect personal information.A. ideaB. remarkC. conclusionD. consensus18. All these facts _________ the need for better understanding the urban ecosystems.A. count onB. account forC. account onD. count for19. Tu Youyou is the first scientist to have been ________ the Nobel Prize.A. rewardedB. receivedC. awardedD. gained20. You will become more positive if you stop focusing on the _______ side of life.A. darkB. desirableC. rosyD. brightUnit 8 Passion guides life choices1. The advantage of this approach is you only ______ the expense of obtaining the value when and if you need it. (U1----A)A. occurB. incurC. murmurD. fur2. However, with some ______ changing, you can have a project that combines the best of both plans and achieves greater results. (U1----A)A. juicyB. jealousC. judiciousD. joyous3. This rapid economic progress was combined with big social advances in literacy and life _____. (U1----A)A. expectantB. expectationC. expectancyD. anticipation4. The economist behind this year’s repo rt is used to hearing people marvel ______ how much kids cost. (U1----A)A. atB. inC. toD. on5. Many restaurants ______ beautiful pictures of their dishes to attract customers. (U1----A)A. put onB. put outC. put asideD. put away6. The only way to have the new law stopped is to ______ all the members of Parliament and persuade them to vote against it. (U1----A)A. lay seige toB. lay offC. lay claim toD. lay back7. By design, the university wants to be a(n) ______ institution, so you’re required to live on campus, which means that you’re not living in the city.(U1----A)A. encloseB. enclosingC. enclosedD. enclosure8. The harsh truth is that if you build a website for everyone, it will ______ no one.(U1----A)A. appeal toB. appeal forC. apply toD. apply for9. The party has threatened to ______ the snap election(临时选举) because it believes it will not be democratic. (U1----A)A. boycottB. stipulateC. displaceD. extract10. Every student is expected to turn in an individual _______ on the project. (U1----A)A. respectiveB. retrospectiveC. perspectiveD. prospective11. The media say, his next appearance before the US public will be to welcome his ______, whose election has been called a “moment of hope and pride” for the country. (U1----A)A. successB. successiveC. succeedingD. successor12.So far US authorities have______ the bodies of one soldier and four civilians. (U1----B)A. releasedB. retrievedC. relievedD. grieved13. The policeman’s action was _______ in the newspapers . (U1----B)A. declaredB. disclosedC. denouncedD. announced14. ______ the basic concept of the contract, it shall be possible to make a legally valid contract fulfilled.(U1----B)A. In the process ofB. In contrast withC. In comparison withD. In adherence to15. These fingers movements ______ large regions o f the brain involved in thinking, memory, and language. (U1----B)A. motivateB. activateC. irritateD. evacuate16._______, here's another study tip based on research evidence about how thebrain learns by association. (U1----B)A. OccasionallyB. AccidentallyC. CoincidentallyD. Incidentally17.The semi-final will be a chance for the losing team to get their ______ on thewinning team for their earlier defeat. (U1----A)A. agonyB. angerC. furyD. revenge18. We are – and we must remain ______ every hint that the virus may be changing its behaviour. (U1----A)A. alert toB. alert aboutC. alert onD. alert with19. The men were trying to ______ weapons left when the army abandoned the island.(U1----B)A. receiveB. retrieveC. relieveD. release20. He was ______ because he felt that he had been punished unfairly. (U1----B)A. innocentB. ignorantC. indignantD. indifferentKeyUnit 11-5 :DBCBB 6-10 : AACDD 11-15:B D CB C 16-20:ADBBBUnit 21-5: BCCAB 6—10:CDDCD 11-15: BCCDA 16—20:BACBBUnit 31—5: BAAAB 6—10: DAADA 11—15: BDABB 16—20: CBACB Unit 41-5 A B DAA 6-10 ABCAD 11-15 BBAB D 16-20 BACBC Unit 51-5 ACABB 6-10 ADBAD 11-15 BCACB 16-20 DACCDUnit 61--5 CBCDC 6--10 CBDCC 11--15 DAABD 16--20 BCBACUnit 71—5: DADBC 6—10: BDACA 11—15: DABCB 16—20: ADBCA Unit 81-5 BCCAB 6-10 ACAAB 11-15 DBCDB 16-20 DDABC。
1．Topic：Global Business Situation and Opportunity Analysis2．Essay or Report格式：3．Outline（请说说您的想法和要求，以免写出来不是您想要的内容）：An opportunity analysis is used to leverage the marketing strategy and action plan. It is the first part of any marketing plan. The market opportunity identified through this situation and opportunity analysis will become the stated objective of the Global Marketing Plan (Assessment no. 4).Instructions:Choose a business that you find interesting and narrow it to one product or product line. Conduct an analysis of the current internal and external situation of the product/ product line.Internal should include:▪ A brief summary of the company structure and its overall capabilities and resources▪ Current products/ product line▪ Current market/s, including customer behaviour issues, demand and trends, plus sales information (if available)▪ Distribution and SupplyExternal should include:▪ Competitive environment- a global perspective but stay on the product offering▪ Industry situation in particular global markets▪ Consider the economic, technological, political, socio-cultural and natural imperativesConduct a SWOT analysis. Synthesize and summarize the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats associated with the product/ product lineCarefully evaluate the strategic fit of the market opportunity to the company’s capabilitiesSelect one market opportunity that you believe is worth pursuing and justify. This is the stated objective of Global Marketing Strategy Plan (Assessment no. 4)ConclusionAssessment Criteria Marketing PlanWeighting (%)(Part 1)Executive Summary 3%Introduction 5%15%Company Structure, Capabilities, andResources20%Competitive Environment and IndustrySituationProducts/ Markets/ Distribution and20%SupplySWOT analysis 30%Conclusion 2%Report Format 5%Total 100%5．字数，Due day：15006．科目，Bachelor or Master：这个科目叫做:Global Marketing Strategy and Planning我的专业是master of international business7．Reference年份，APA or Harvard（特殊Reference请您给出格式示范）：大于等于13个!!格式严格按照6th apa8. 得分要点（如果您知道重点写什么可以多得分请告诉我们）：这个老师特别注意要用到老师课件里的理论.同时特别要求reference,所以请务必把借鉴的reference处理得当! 切记切记而且务必按照老师给的框架结构写! 如果有任何问题请及时发给我!!不要拖到最后才告知我,会来不及的!。
外文翻译：品牌战略原文来源：Aaker, David A.; Erich Joachimsthaler (2000). Brand Leadership. New York: The Free Press. pp. 1–6. ISBN 0-684-83924-5.译文正文：品牌管理是营销技术应用到具体产品，产品线或品牌。
它旨在提高产品的认知价值给客户，从而提升品牌特许经营与品牌资产。
营销人员认为这是一个隐含的承诺，一个品牌，人们的生活质量水平来从一个品牌预期将继续与购买相同产品的未来。
这可能会增加决策与竞争产品相比更有利的销售。
它也可能使制造商收取更多的产品。
品牌的价值是取决于它的利润总额为制造商产生。
这可能导致从增加的销售与价格上涨的组合，或降低销售成本（销货成本），或更有效的营销投资。
这些增强功能全部可以提高一个品牌的盈利能力，因此，“品牌经理”往往携带一个品牌的P与L（损益线管理责任制）的盈利能力，相比之下，市场营销人员经理的角色，这是分配给上述预算，管理与执行。
在这方面，品牌管理通常是在组织视为一个单独比市场更广泛与更战略性的作用。
由《Interbrand》与《Business Week》公布的每年最具价值的品牌名单中可以发现，公司的市场价值通常是由品牌决定。
麦肯锡公司是一家全球性咨询公司，在2000年的研究表明，相对股东比较弱的品牌，实力雄厚则品牌产生更高的回报。
两者合计，这意味着，品牌严重影响股东价值，最终品牌的首席执行官需要对其负责任。
管理学科的品牌开始了在宝洁公司的PLC作为一个由Neil 阁下麦克尔罗伊著名的备忘录的结果。
品牌管理原则一个好的品牌名称应：·受商标法保护。
·朗朗上口。
·容易被记住。
·容易被识别。
·在该品牌可以使用的范围内很容易被翻译成当地语言·吸引眼球。
·引出产品的优点（如：易关）·提升公司或产品形象。
会议议程英语作文模板英文回答：Meeting Agenda。
Date: [Date]Time: [Time]Location: [Location]Attendees:[Name][Name][Name]Agenda Items:1. Welcome and Introductions (5 minutes)。
Chairperson welcomes attendees and leads introductions.2. Review of Previous Meeting Minutes (5 minutes)。
Chairperson reviews and approves minutes from previous meeting.3. Old Business (15 minutes)。
Discussion of ongoing projects and updates on progress.Resolution of any outstanding issues.4. New Business (30 minutes)。
Discussion of new project proposals and initiatives.Brainstorming and decision-making on proposed items.5. Reports (20 minutes)。
Financial update。
Marketing report。
Operations report。
6. Planning and Goal Setting (30 minutes)。
Discussion of upcoming projects and milestones.Setting goals and timelines for project completion.7. Action Items and Follow-up (10 minutes)。
Strategic Cooperation Agreement战略合作协议(hereinafterreferredtoas“PartyA”),and(hereinafterreferredtoas“PartyB”).PartyAandPartyBshallhereinafterberefer redtoindividuallyasa“Party”andcollectivelyasthe“Parties”.本战略合作协议于2017年1月6日由以下双方签订：（以下简称“甲方”），与以下简称“乙方”）。
甲方和乙方以下单独称为“一方”，合称为“双方”。
PRELIMINARYSTATEMENT前言ChinaandRussiahasalong-termfriendshipandtrusteachotheronpoliticalaspect.Especially,underthef rameworkoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganization,bothcountrieshavestrengthenedall-roundcoope rativerelationsandsteadilydevelopedeconomicandtraderelations. PartyAisaChineseliquorenterprise,withmorethan10yearsofexperienceinliquormanufacturinganda nannualoutputof10,000tons.ItsYaoshunbrandliquorsaresoldthroughoutChinawithhighlygoodreput ation.ItsproductsgainedGoldAwardofWineQualityin2015.PartyAintendstoexportitsYaoshunbrandli quorstoRussia.PartyBisaRussianChamberofCommerce,whichhasplayedanimportantroleinpromotingeconomican dtradeexchangesbetweenChinaandRussia.PartyBintendstointroducetheYaoshunbrandliquorsofPar tyAtoRussianmarket,andfindsuitablebusinesspartnersforPartyA.THEREFORE,thePartiesherebyagreeasfollows:因此，双方特此协议如下：1.Mattersonwhichthepartieshavereachedpreliminary:双方已达成初步的事项：1.1TheexportproductisYaoshunbrandseriesliquorsproducedbyPartyA,includinghigh,mediumandlowgrade.1.2PartyBprovideshallapackagesolutionforPartyA'sproductsenteringtheRussianmarket,includingtheselectionofbusinesspartners,Russianmarketresearch,customsandclearanceofprod ucts,collectionandotherrelatedmatters.2.。
传播Communication内向/自我传播Intrapersonal Communication人际传播Interpersonal Communication群体传播Group Communication 组织传播Organization Communication大众传播Mass Communication单向传播One-Sided Communication双向传播Two-Sided Communication互动传播Interactive Communication媒介Media大众传播媒介Mass Media新媒介New Media新闻洞News Hold新闻价值News Value传播者Communicator主动传播者Active Communicator 受传者/受众/阅听大众Audience 受众兴趣Audience Interest受众行为Audience Activity信息Information信号Signal讯息Message信息熵Entropy冗余/冗余信息Redundancy传播单位Communication Unit奥斯古德模式Osgood Model编码Encoding解码Decoding信源Source传播的数学理论Mathematical Theory of Communication传播渠道Communication Channel 有效传播Effective Communication 传播效果Effects知识沟Knowledge-Gap使用与满足模式Uses and Gratifications Model使用与依从模式Uses andDependencys Model口传系统System of OralCommunication地球村Global Village内爆Implosion全球化Globalization本土化Localization电子空间Cyber Space数字化Digitalization文化帝国主义Culture Imperialism跨文化传播InterculturalCommunication守门人Gatekeeper新闻采集者News Gatherers新闻加工者News Processors模式Model有线效果模式Limited EffectsModel适度效果模式Moderate EffectsModel强大效果模式Powerful EffectsModel子弹论Bullet Theory两级传播模式Two-Step FlowModel多级传播模式Multi-Step FlowModel沉默的螺旋模式Spiral of SilenceModel劝服传播PersuasiveCommunication议程设置模式the Agenda-SettingModel时滞Time Lag最合适效果跨度Optimal EffectsPan时间跨度Time Span公众舆论Public Opinion选择性接触Selective Exposure选择性注意Selective Attention选择性理解Selective Perception选择性记忆Selective Retention可信性提示Credibility Heuristic喜爱提示Liking Heuristic共识提示Consensus Heuristic市场驱动新闻学theMarket-Driven Journalism意识形态Ideology霸权Hegemony权力话语Power Discourse视觉文本Visual Text文本Text超级文本Hypertext结构主义Constructionism解构主义Deconstructionism文化工业Culture Industry大众文化Mass Culture文化研究Cultural Studies批判学派/批判理论Critical Theory法兰克福学派Frankfurt School女权主义/女性主义Feminism符号学Semiotics/Semiology符号Sign能指与所指Signified/Signifier非语言符号Nonverbal Sign非语言传播NonverbalCommunication意指Signification话语理论Theories of Discourse文化期待Culture Expectations文化批判Culture Criticizing范式Paradigm叙事范式Narrative Paradigm强语境High Context弱语境Low Context功能理论Functionalism话语分析Discourse Analysis传播的商品形式the CommodityForms of Communication受众商品Audience Commodity商品化Commodification空间化Spatialization结构化Structuration媒介集中化Media Conglomeration 传媒产业Media Industry注意力经济Attention Economy媒介竞争Media Competition受众分割Audience Segmentation 媒介资本Media Capital传播政治经济学Political Economy of Communication传播研究Communication Research 抽样Sampling调查研究方法Survey Research内容分析法Content Analysis实验分析法Experimental Research 定性研究法Qualitative Research Methods个案研究法Case Study效度与信度Validity/Reliability变量Variables实地观察法Field Observation虚拟社群Virtual Community扩散研究Diffusion Research媒介事件Media Events民族志Ethnography传播生态Ecology of Communication真实/虚构Reality/Fiction拟态环境Pseudo-Environment刻板成见Stereotyping晕轮效应Halo Effects二元价值评判Two-Valued Evaluation公共关系Public Relation阐释理论Interpretive Theory第二部分：新闻采编相关词汇daily 日报morning edition 晨报evening edition 晚报quality paper 高级报纸popular paper 大众报纸evening paper 晚报government organ 官报part organ 党报trade paper 商界报纸vernacular paper 本国文报纸political news 政治报纸Newspaper Week 新闻周刊the front page 头版,第一版bulldog edition 晨版article 记事headline 标题banner headline 头号大标题byline 标题下署名之行dateline 日期、发稿地之行big news 头条新闻hot news 最新新闻exclusive news 独家新闻scoop 特讯feature 特写,花絮criticism 评论editorial 社论review, comment 时评book review 书评topicality 时事问题city news 社会新闻column 栏letters 读者投书栏general news column 一般消息栏cartoon, comics 漫画weather forecast 天气预报serial story 新闻小说obituary notice 讣闻public notice 公告advertisement 广告calssified ad 分类广告flash-news 大新闻extra 号外the sports page 运动栏literary criticism 文艺评论Sunday features 周日特刊newsbeat 记者采访地区news blackout 新闻管制press ban 禁止刊行yellow sheet 低俗新闻tabloid 图片版新闻"Braille" edition 点字版newspaper office 报社publisher 发行人proprieter 社长bureau chief, copy chief 总编辑editor-in-chief 总主笔editor 编辑, 主笔newsman, newspaperman, journalist新闻记者cub reporter 初任记者reporter 采访记者war correspondent, campaign badge随军记者columnist 专栏记者star reporter 一流通讯员correspondent 通讯员special correspondent 特派员contributor 投稿家news source 新闻来源informed sources 消息来源newspaper campaign 新闻战free-lancer writer 自由招待会press box 记者席news conference, press conference记者招待会International Press Association 国际新闻协会distribution 发行circulation 发行份数newsstand, kiosk 报摊newspaper agency 报纸代售处newsboy 报童subscription (rate) 报费newsprint 新闻用纸Fleet Street 舰队街accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n．广告advance n．预发消息；预写消息affair n．桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n．趣闻轶事assignment n．采写任务attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源back alley news 小道消息backgrounding 新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。
营销基准九步骤（Nine steps of marketing benchmark）If you studyCompanies by countryBest sideYou will be the mostExcellent companyThe pursuit of excellence is the spirit of enterprise pursued by many enterprises. The pursuit of excellence is the pursuit of perfection, a perfect standard, and then try to exceed this standard, which is the only way for many successful enterprises. If you want to succeed, you must learn. Practitioners of all walks of life to become the dominant power of the future, you must have the capacity to peer learning. They must be just and stern assessment of their goals and capabilities, and imitation, learning, adapting to reach beyond the purpose."You can better accept the fact that other companies are better than you," said Silk, a senior Xerox Co executive in the us. No company can do everything, but if you learn the best about all the companies in the world, you'll be the best company you can be."Silk Road, is a new marketing concept in western popular, known as the benchmark of marketing, or watching others. In short, it is prudent to draw up your study plan and ask the winner for help. The methods and procedures are as follows:1. Find out the problemThink about where you lost. Ford in 1980 the team visited the United States and Japan's Ford car dealers, and in the guarantee period the buyers claim record or repair. They found that Japanese car claims were much lower than Ford, the first impression of Ford's group visit, and that Ford was forced to review itself under the pressure of a surge in Japanese imports in the United states.And you should also review in the following areas, are you lagging behind, are you out of line with all levels?. To solve these problems, you can from the conversation and other companies benefited. If you find that your manufacturing costs are too high, but you do not know why, you must check every link of the production line and compare it with other industries.2, choose the company that can solve the problem for youFind a number of companies that can solve your problems. Contact with suppliers, customers, industry associations and consultants, especially customers. Don't be afraid to call the rival company and say, "we all have problems, but we admire what you do. Let's share these practices."."Don't forget to visit companies you don't know very well, and don't forget to ask about the management tips that you're most interested in while you're focusing on technical details.You might be flattered by an unexpected welcome. Experiencesharing is permissible in the United States today. For example, one of the conditions for the U. S. government to win the national quality award is to pass on its own success to other companies. As a peer, perhaps he is also hoping to communicate with you.3, make preparations in advanceBefore you visit a company, look into your own problems and figure out what you might do wrong and others do the right thing. To arrange such visits known as the Washington triangle (Delta Point) consulting company, require customers to read 8 books in charge before the visit, and accept the 80 question test, and then arrange them to visit other companies.Before you start, draw up a question bank, let the other person know what you want to know, and ask first what questions you can not ask, whether you can take pictures and so on. Prepared visits are often pleasantly surprised or unexpected answers are obtained. A clear purpose can help you ask the question, and knowing your original motivation will allow you to know later on whether the visit has changed you.4, go out to visitWhen you go out to visit another company, you should find someone in your company to accompany you. After that, you can refer to each other's notes, and when you go back to the company, you'll have a bigger report.On the day of your visit, you have to do the following:Take an exquisite gift to show their gratitude for the advice they have given you.pay attention to the issues that both sides attach importance to,And speak of your struggle. Your object may also want to learn something from you, so your story can be used to raise a few topics.Prepare written questions and ask who to ask questions. Watch your time so you don't have time to ask.Don't be afraid to ask questions. If there's something you shouldn't ask, the other person will let you know.Compliment what you see while avoiding criticism or pointing. Don't give the other person the impression that you know more than he does, but still get what you need. Finally, don't just pursue the answers or techniques you want to know, so as not to miss what seems less important, but actually helps you. The effect is very good. However, this approach often fails to be noticed by visitors and thus loses the opportunity to learn an effective and concise approach.5. Brief report after visitOne delegation came back, almost always come back with a lot of confused impressions, unless it is otherwise never be able to receive full consolidation. Therefore, the assignmentshould include a brief report (debrefing) and a time before departure, or it will be forgotten as a matter of urgency. In addition, the time of brief reporting before you leave is meant to mean that you are serious, not going out to play.Mixed use of the following three tasks, report the effect of the best. First, a brief report on the team short, this is the earliest even in your company began to leave each other, in order to capture and discuss the first impression; second, a brief report on the formal, detailed research on the company and what one sees and hears, help the local; third, each member were written reports.6, learning for actionAfter deciding what to learn and what to do, put it into practice. Set up action teams within the company to identify targets and criteria for our real assessment, absorption and use of these knowledge.7. Spread what you have learned throughout the companyCarefully to make important practice should adopt the company, not just locally, and must be comprehensive; and then you learn in other things to be digested by finishing, speeches, seminars, videos etc. in any way, let all the people can learn and use. Repeat your plan to show that you believe the company can be reborn.8, to prove to the teacherDon't forget to help your teacher and tell them what you've learned. After a period of time, tell them the results of your application and the problems you have encountered. The result of staying in touch is that you can give them a better understanding of their own practices and their willingness to help others, and you can always ask them again when you encounter new problems.9, repeat cycleWhen you begin to see improvements, or delays, it means you have to rediscover the problem and seek assistance from more organizations. At this point you have entered the so-called continuous improvement cycle".Learn from the master, grasp the opportunity:1, in order to find the gap between customer needs and your company's performance;2, when you want to know yourself and competitors performance is better, so as to keep up with or surpass your strongest competitors;3, in order to draw up a preliminary improvement plan;4, for the planning of better operating procedures.The company and the corresponding department personnel: the supervisor, if necessary, then coordinates the marketing department or the specialized consultation company'sassistance.Practices: 1. Refer to customer information and identify customer expectations that have not yet been met. This is the project you will be looking at.2, if you want to watch the Mofei competitors, it will find a reputable business in other companies. However, we should pay attention to the size of the company, the operation procedures and the nature of the products, which should be similar to that of your company.3, as far as possible and you observe the object of direct contact, in order to collect information.The methods include face-to-face interviews or telephone interviews, questionnaires, interviews, and other indirect ways such as asking for help from professional consultants, reading professional journals and exchanging internal publications. If you are in direct contact, you may wish to make recommendations for exchange of information.4. Evaluate the information collected to see how far you show and find out the best for each item.Results: watching others can make you:1, to understand whether the performance of competitors can meet, even exceed the customer's needs, and if so, you have to step up efforts.2. Learn about the performance of other good companies and try to catch up with them.。
财务管理的英文怎么说简单的说，财务管理是组织企业财务活动，处理财务关系的一项经济管理工作。
那么你知道财务管理用英文怎么说吗?下面店铺为大家带来财务管理的英文说法和相关英语例句，供大家阅读学习。
财务管理的英文说法1：financial management英 [faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l ˈmænidʒmənt]美 [faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l ˈmænɪdʒmənt]财务管理的英文说法2：management through finance英 [ˈmænidʒmənt θru: faiˈnæns]美 [ˈmænɪdʒmənt θru fəˈnæns]财务管理相关英文表达：国际财务管理师 International Finance Manager财务管理系统 financial management system财务管理组织 financial management organization财务管理与分析 Financial Management and Analysis家庭财务管理系统 Family Financial Management财务管理英文说法例句：1. In running a company, strict financial management means everything.经营一家公司, 严格的财务管理是至关重要的.2. The company was skillfully financed.这个公司的财务管理得很得法.3. Financial controls were given to priority.他们把财务管理当成头等大事.4. It also provides the ERP solution for the financemanagement system.提出了ERP在财务管理系统的解决方案.5. Financial management is key in any company or enterprise.在任何公司和企业单位中财务管理是关键.6. The perfect foreign trade enterprise supplies the chain the financial control.完善外贸企业供应链的财务管理.7. My assignment of strategy Financial Management is due today.我的转让的战略财务管理,是今天上交.8. Corporate enterprise, there are three levels of financial management.公司制企业财务管理存在着三个层次.9. Bachelor degree or above, majored in accounting, finance management or other related.大学本科学历,会计专业、财务管理专业.10. Investment decision - making is a substantial portion of enterprise finance management.投资决策是企业财务管理中的一个重要部分.11. B 2 C e - commerce system, client relationship management system, financial system, Internet marketing system.B2C电子商务系统、客户关系管理系统、财务管理系统、网络营销系统.12. Financing is an eternal topic in business development and financial management.融资是企业经营发展和财务管理的永恒话题.13. At least 3 years experiences at department managerial level . 4.具有三年以上国际物流行业财务管理经验.14. Financial management is guided by a framework ofguidelines, limits and benchmarks.财务管理是遵循一个框架,指导方针, 限制和基准.15. Real estate finance and investment, Financial Management, Project finance, etc.房地产融资与投资(双语) 、财务管理(双语) 、项目融资等.。
"assignment" 是一个英语单词，它可以作为名词或动词使用。
下面是关于"assignment" 的常见用法：
1. 名词用法：
- 指定的任务或工作：例如，"I have a programming assignment due next week."
- 分配给某人的任务、职责或义务：例如，"The teacher gave us an assignment to write an essay."
- 分配给学生的作业：例如，"Students are required to complete the math assignment."
- 分配给某人的位置或职位：例如，"He was given a new assignment in the marketing department."
2. 动词用法（作为"assign" 的派生形式）：
- 分配或指派某事物给某人：例如，"The manager assigned the project to a team of experts."
- 选择或指定某物归属于某人：例如，"They assigned the copyright of the book to the author."
- 将某事物归因于某人或某物：例如，"She assigned the blame for the mistake to her coworker."。
MARKETING PLAN TEMPLATESThese templates are designed to assist you in developing Part A of your formal marketing plan. Templates are a useful planning tool because they help to ensure that important information is not omitted from the marketing plan. Answering the questions on these templates will enable you to:anize and structure the data and information you collect during the situationanalysis.e this information to better understand a firm's strengths and weaknesses and torecognize the opportunities and threats that exist in the marketing environment.3.Develop goals and objectives that capitalize on strengths.4.Develop a marketing strategy that creates competitive advantages.5.Outline a plan for implementing the marketing strategy (part B of the assignment). Remember that there is no one best way to organise a marketing plan. We designed our outline to serve as a starting point and to be flexible enough to accommodate the unique characteristics of your situation. As you complete the templates, it might be useful to refer back to the text of the chapters. In completing the situation analysis section, be sure to be as comprehensive as possible. The viability of your SWOT analysis depends on how well you have identified all of the relevant environmental issues. Likewise, as you complete the SWOT analysis, you should be honest about the firm's characteristics. Do not depend on strengths that the firm really does not possess. Honesty is also important for your listing of weaknesses.NOTE: BE AWARE THAT YOU MAY NOT NEED TO INCLUDE INFORMATION UNDER EVERY HEADING LISTED IN THIS FRAMEWORK –IF YOU FEEL THAT YOU CAN LOGICALLY IGNORE A SECTION, FEEL FREE TO DO SO!BE SURE TO ADDRESS THE TASK AT HAND –CAREFULLY READ THE REQUIREMENTS FOR ASSIGNMENT TWO!∙WHAT INFORMATION DO YOU NEED TO COLLECT IN ORDER TO ADDRESS THIS TASK?∙WHAT IS THE “QUESTION” TO BE ANSWERED?∙WHO ARE YOU WRITING THIS PLAN FOR?∙WHAT MIGHT THEIR EXPECTATIONS OF THIS PLAN BE?1. Situation AnalysisA. The External EnvironmentCompetitive Pressures (there may be no competitors in the targetmarket, but if not why not?)Identify the firm's major competitors (brand, product, generic, andtotal budget):Identify the characteristics of the firm's major competitors:SizeGrowthProfitabilityTarget marketsProductsKey strengths and weaknessesKey marketing capabilities (production, distribution,promotion, pricing)List any potential (future) competitors not identified in the preceding.Economic Growth and StabilityIdentify the general economic conditions of the country, region, state,and local area in which the firm operates or intends to operate:Explain the economic climate with respect to customers:InflationConsumer confidencePurchasing patterns (buying power)Business-to-business economic conditionsPolitical, Legal, and Regulatory IssuesIdentify any political activities that affect the firm or the industry:Changes in elected officials (domestic or foreign)Industry (lobbying) groupsConsumer groupsIdentify any changes in international, federal, state, or local laws andregulations that affect the marketing activities of the firm or theindustry:Recent court decisionsRecent rulings of federal, state, local, and self-regulatoryagenciesChanges in global trade agreements or trade lawChanges in TechnologyIdentify ways that changing technology has affected the firm'scustomers:Searching for product informationPlace and timing of purchase (order) decisionsComparison shoppingIdentify ways that changing technology has affected the way the firmor the industry operates:ManufacturingDistributionPromotionCustomer relationship managementPartnerships and alliancesIdentify current technologies that the firm is not using to the fullestpotential:Identify future technologies that may increase the risk of productobsolescence:Sociocultural TrendsIdentify changes in society's demographics and values that will affectthe firm or the industry (if this becomes too broad, focus on the firm's target customers):Explain the changes that shifting demographics and values will haveon the firm's:Products (features, benefits, branding)Pricing (value)Distribution (convenience, efficiency)Promotion (message content, delivery, feedback)People (human resource issues)Identify any problems or opportunities that may be created bychanges in the cultural diversity of the firm's customers andemployees:Identify any environmental issues (pollution, recycling, energyconservation) that the firm or industry is facing:Identify the ethical and social responsibility issues that the firm orindustry is facing:B. The Customer EnvironmentWho are the firm's current and potential customers?Describe the important identifying characteristics of the firm'scurrent and potential customers:DemographicGeographicPsychographicProduct usageIdentify the important players in the purchase process for the firm'sproducts:Purchasers (actual act of purchase)Users (actual product user)Influencers (influence the decision, make recommendations)Financial responsibility (who pays the bill?)What do customers do with the firm's products?PurchasePurchase quantities and combinationsPurchase of complementary productsPurchase situationsConsumptionCharacteristics of heavy usersCharacteristics of light usersConsumption of complementary productsConsumption situationsDispositionIssues related to the creation of waste (garbage)Issues related to recyclingWhere do customers purchase the firm's products?Identify the outlets (intermediaries) where the firm's products arepurchased:Store-based retailersElectronic retailers (Internet, television)Catalog retailersVendingWholesale outletsDirect from the firmIdentify any trends in purchase patterns across these outlets (e.g.,how e-commerce has changed the way the firm's products arepurchased).When do customers purchase the firm's products?Under the firm's controlPromotional events (communication and price changes)Customer services (hours of operation, delivery)Not under the firm's controlSeasonal patternsPhysical/social surroundingsTime perceptionsCompetitive actionsWhy (and how) do customers select the firm's products?Describe the basic benefits provided by the firm's products relative tocompeting products:Describe the degree to which customers' needs are being fulfilled bythe firm's products relative to competing products:Describe how customers' needs are expected to change in the future.Describe the relative importance of transactional (short, one-time) vs.relational (long-term, ongoing) exchange processes when customersmake a purchase:Why do potential customers not purchase the firm's products?Identify the basic needs of non-customers that are not being met bythe firm's products:Identify the features, benefits, and advantages of competing productsthat cause non-customers to choose them over the firm's products:Identify problems with the firm's distribution, promotion, or pricingthat cause non-customers to look elsewhere:C. Internal (Organizational) EnvironmentReview of marketing goals and objectivesIdentify the firm's current marketing goals and objectives.State whether these goals and objectives are:Consistent with the firm's missionConsistent with recent changes in the marketing or customer environmentsLeading to expected performance outcomes (sales volume, market share,profitability, awareness, brand preference)Review of current marketing performanceDescribe the firm's current performance compared to other firms inthe industry. Is the performance of the industry as a wholeimproving or declining? Why?If the firm's performance is declining, what is the most likely cause(e.g., environmental changes, flawed strategy, poor implementation)? Review of current and anticipated organizational resourcesDescribe the current state of the firm's organizational resources (e.g.,financial, capital, human, experience, relationships with keysuppliers or customers).How are the levels of these resources likely to change in the future?If resource levels are expected to change:How can the firm leverage additional resources to meetcustomer needs better than competitors?How can the firm compensate for future constraints on itsresources?Review of current and anticipated cultural and structural issues In terms of marketing strategy development and implementation,describe the positive and negative aspects of the current andanticipated culture of the firm. Examples could include:The firm's overall customer orientation (or lack thereof)The firm's emphasis on short-term vs. long-term planningWillingness of the culture to embrace changeInternal politics and power strugglesThe overall position and importance of the marketingfunctionChanges in key executive positionsGeneral employee satisfaction and morale2. SWOT AnalysisA. StrengthsStrength 1:_________________________________________________________How does this strength enable the firm to meet customers' needs?Does this strength make the firm different from (better than) itscompetitors?Strength 2:_________________________________________________________How does this strength enable the firm to meet customers' needs?Does this strength make the firm different from (better than) itscompetitors?(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of strengths)B. WeaknessesWeakness 1:________________________________________________________How does this weakness prevent the firm from meeting customers'needs?Does this weakness make the firm different from (worse than) itscompetitors?Weakness 2:________________________________________________________How does this weakness prevent the firm from meeting customers'needs?Does this weakness make the firm different from (worse than) itscompetitors?(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of weaknesses)C. OpportunitiesOpportunity 1:_______________________________________________________How is this opportunity related to serving customers' needs?How can the firm capitalize on this opportunity in the short- andlong-term?Opportunity 2:_______________________________________________________How is this opportunity related to serving customers' needs?How can the firm capitalize on this opportunity in the short- andlong-term?(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of opportunities)D. ThreatsThreat 1:___________________________________________________________How is this threat related to serving customers' needs?How can the firm prevent this threat from limiting its capabilities inthe short- andlong-term?Threat 2:___________________________________________________________How is this threat related to serving customers' needs?How can the firm prevent this threat from limiting its capabilities inthe short- andlong-term?(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of threats)E. The SWOT MatrixF. Matching, Converting, Minimizing, and Avoiding StrategiesDescribe ways that the firm can match its strengths to itsopportunities to create capabilities in serving customers' needs.Can the firm convert its weaknesses into strengths or its threats intoopportunities? If not, how can the firm minimize or avoid itsweaknesses and threats?Does the firm possess any major liabilities (unconverted weaknessesthat match unconverted threats) or limitations (unconvertedweaknesses or threats that match opportunities)? If so, are theseliabilities and limitations obvious to customers?Can the firm do anything about its liabilities or limitations, especiallythose that impact the firm's ability to serve customers' needs?3. Marketing Goals and ObjectivesA. Marketing Goal A:__________________________________________________Objective A1:______________________________________________________Specific and measurable outcome:Time frame:Responsible unit/person:Objective A2:______________________________________________________Specific and measurable outcome:Time frame:Responsible unit/person:B. Marketing Goal B:__________________________________________________Objective B1:______________________________________________________Specific and measurable outcome:Time frame:Responsible unit/person:Objective B2:______________________________________________________Specific and measurable outcome:Time frame:Responsible unit/person:(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of goals and objectives) 4. Marketing Strategies (NOTE: You should have a maximum of 2 strategies)A. Primary Target Market and Marketing MixPrimary target market:________________________________________________This target's primary need:Identifying characteristics (demographics, geography,psychographics):Purchasing/shopping habits and preferences:Consumption/disposition characteristics:Product: _______________________________________________Major features and benefits:Sustainable competitive advantage:Differentiation / positioning strategy:Brand name and packaging:Customer service strategy:Complementary products:Pricing: ________________________________________________Pricing objectives:Description of per unit costs:Discount/markdown policy:Distribution: ____________________________________________General supply chain strategy:Intermediaries and channels to be used:Elements of customer convenience:Promotion: _____________________________________________General IMC strategy:IMC objectives and budget:Elements of the advertising/publicity strategy:Elements of the personal selling strategy:Elements of trade sales promotion (push) strategy:Elements of consumer sales promotion (pull) strategy:Elements of the sponsorship strategy:B. Secondary Target Market and Marketing Mix (ther e may not be one)Secondary target market:______________________________________________This target's primary need:Identifying characteristics (demographics, geography,psychographics):Purchasing/shopping habits and preferences:Consumption/disposition characteristics:Product: _______________________________________________Major features and benefits:Sustainable competitive advantage:Differentiation / positioning strategy:Brand name and packaging:Customer service strategy:Complementary products:Pricing: ________________________________________________Pricing objectives:Description of per unit costs:Discount/markdown policy:Distribution: ____________________________________________ General supply chain strategy:Intermediaries and channels to be used:Elements of customer convenience:Promotion: _____________________________________________ General IMC strategy:IMC objectives and budget:Elements of the advertising/publicity strategy:Elements of the personal selling strategy:Elements of trade sales promotion (push) strategy:Elements of consumer sales promotion (pull) strategy:Elements of the sponsorship strategy:。
西方管理学（英文）Cha.1 AssignmentMultiple ChoicesIdentify the letter of choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Supervisor is another name for whom? C主管的另一个名字是谁a. team leaders团队领导者b. middle managers中层管理者c. first-line managers 基层管理者cd. top managers 高层管理者2. An automobile manufacturer that increased the total number of cars produced at thesame cost, but with many defects, would be ____B_________.汽车制造商增加汽车厂商生产的总数在同一费用,但许多缺陷,是什么a. efficient and effective有效的b. increasing efficiency提高效率c. increasing effectiveness效果增加d. concerned with inputs关心输入3. Organizing includes ______A______.组织也包括a. defining organizational goals 定义组织目标b. hiring organizational members 招聘组织成员c. motivating organizational members激励组织成员d. determining who does what tasks决定谁做什么工作4. Mentoring is primarily associated with the management function of ___C________. 担任良师益友工作是主要相关的管理功能a. planning 计划b. organizing 组织c. leading 领导d. controlling 控制5. Which of the following is true concerning technical and managerial skills? C下列哪个选项是正确的有关技术和管理技能吗a. Human skills and technical skills remain equally important as managers moveto higher levels.人文技能和技术保持同样重要的是,作为经理移动到更高的水平。
中外合资企业股东协议(英)-商务,英语,协议-商务指南- CLAUSE 8. COOPERATION OF BOTH PARTIES:8.1 Upon reasonable request of FCAM, Y as the joint venture partner, agrees to render cooperation to FCAM by allowing Mexican managers and other staff or key employees of FCAM access to current training programs lone by Y.8.2 Upon reasonable request of FCAM and under such terms and conditions as shall be then mutually agreed upon in writing or otherwise, Y or X as the case may be, agrees to render cooperatin to FCAM as much as practicably possible, by giving advice, information and assistance or by making available the services of their staff personnel, or in any other manner the party rendering the cooperation deems fit on the following matters, it being understood however that Y as the joint venture partner in the mother country of FCAM shall primarily render cooperation the FCAM on the matters of A group and X shall primarily render cooperation to FCAM on the matters of B group:A.(1)Acquisition of import licenses for machinery, components and materials;(2) Recruiting and employment of workers;(3) Settlement of labor disputes;(4) Registration or any other legal procedures to be effected by FCAM under laws and regulations from time to time in force; acquisition of licenses, incentives, permissions and authorizations from the authorities of the Mexican Government;(5) Advice on Mexican laws regarding taxes and on Mexican accounting practices;(6) Negotiations with the authorities of the Mexican Government and(7) Suits or any other legal actions with third parties instituted by or against FCAM;(8) Commercial help when required by FCAM to increase the sale of the PRODUCTS by FCAM so as to achieve the business target from time to time established by FCAM.B.(1) Marketing of PRODUCTS. Market research and product planning; so as to achieve the business targets from time to time established by FCAM.(2) Preparation of advertising and marketing aids relating to PRODUCTS;(3) Purchase of components and materials;(4) Acquisition of licenses, permissions of third parties under such third parties，patents or other industrial property rights;(5) Accounting and financial analysis, cost calculations;(6) Technical help when required by FCAM under and to the extent of the Technical Assistance Agreement, to solve production problems or to improve plant operating efficiencies to the extent possible under Mexican conditions.8.3 Nothing set forth in 8.1 or 8.2 above shall be construed or interpreted to require either party hereto to be responsible, jointly or severally with FCAM, for the matter specified above or prosecution or implementation thereof (FCAM shall be solely responsible for such. matters or prosecution or implementation thereof), or to require either party rendering the cooperation to FCAM to bear anycosts or expenses incurred in prosecuting or implementing the matter specified above (such costs and expenses shall be borne solely by FCAM). It is also under stood that upon request of X or Y, actual costs and expenses previously agreed upon by FCAM and incurred for rendering said cooperation shall be paid or reimbursed by FCAM to X and as the case may be. Payment or reimbursement to ______________shall be made in United States of American dollars. CLAUSE 9. TERM TERMINATION:9.1 This Agreement shall become effective as of the date that the last governmental referred to in 1.4 of CLAUSE 1 hereof shall have been obtained, subject to the registration referred to in l.5 of CLAUSE I hereof, and shall thereafter continue in full force and effect, so long as both X and Y continue to be shareholders of FCAM.9.2 This Agreement shall terminate upon the occurrence of any of the following events:(1) The sale or other disposition by X on the one hand, or by Y on the other hand, of all of their shares in FCAM in accordance with the terms of and in the manner permitted by the Articles of Incorporation of FCAM, so that no shares of FCAM are owned by Y on the onehand, or _________ on the other hand;(2) The expiration of thirty (30) calendar days after a petition in bankruptcy shall have been filed by or against FCAM and such petition shall not have been discharged such thirty (30) calendar day period; or upon assignment of all or substantially all of FCAM's proper－ties for the benefit of creditors; or upon the appointment of a receiver or trustee to take charge of all or substantially all of FCAM's properties; or upon the voluntary or involuntary dissolution of FCAM;(3) Any of the events described in 2) above shall have occurred with respect to X in stead of FCAM;(4) Any of the events described in 2) above shall have occurred with respect to Y in stead of FCAM(5) Termination of this Agreement by X pursuant to the provision of 9.4 hereof; or(6) Termination of this Agreement by Y pursuant to the provision of 9.4 hereof; or(7) If either or both of the Trademark License Agreement and the Technical Assistance Agreement shall not have become effectivewithin one-hundred and eighty (180) calendar days after the date of execution of this Agreement.9.3 If and when the law of Mexico shall no longer permit Y to own at least forty-nine percent (49%) less 3 shares of this issued and out standing capital stock of FCAM, or upon termination or non-renewal for any reason or due to any cause of the term of the Trademark License Agreement and/or additional trademark license agreement (s), if any, be concluded, between FCAM and Y and/or termination in advance of the Technical Assistance Agreement and/or additional technical assistance agreement(s), if any, to be concluded between FCAM and Y X may, at its option, terminate this Agreement at any time upon at least ninety (90) calendar days' prior written notice to Y.9.4 Either party hereto shall have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving writ-ten notice of termination to the other party in the event that such other party shall breach or default any of the terms and provisions of this Agreement and/or the Articles of Incorporation of FCAM in any material respect, and such breach or default shall not be cured within ninety (90) calendar days after written notice specifying the nature of such breach has been given to the defaulting party, provided, however, that delay of up to threehundred and sixty (360) calendar days (but not longer) occasioned by any circumstances beyond the control of the defaulting party, such as acts of God, acts or omissions of any Government or agencies thereof, compliance with request, rules, regulations or orders of any governmental authority, fire, storm. flood, earthquake, acts of the public enemy, war, rebellion, insurrection, riot sabotage, invasion, quarantine restriction, strike, lock out, and transportation embargo or failure or delay in transportation, shall be excluded in determining the applicable time period, but due diligence shall be used by the defaulting party in curing any such default. Such termination shall be without prejudice to any rights which such terminating party may have under this Agreement or otherwise. No failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise its rights of termination of this Agreement for any one or more breaches or defaults by the other party shall be construed to prejudice its rights of termination of any other or subsequent breaches or defaults.9.5 Upon termination of this Agreement pursuant to (4) or (6) of 9.2 hereof, then, X shall be deemed to have offered all the shares of FCAM then owned by Y for sale to X pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Articles of In corporation of FCAM.9.6 Upon occurrence of the events specified in (2) of 9.02 hereof(other than the voluntary or involuntary isolation of FCAM), both parties hereto shall exercise their respective voting rights as shareholders of FCAM so as to effect the V oluntary dissolution of FCAM as expeditiously as possible.9.7 Upon occurrence of the sale of all of the shares of FCAM owned by either party hereto to the other in a manner required or permitted herein and in the Articles of Incorporation of FCAM, any monetary liability owed by FCM to any selling party or owed by any selling party to Nn shall be come due and payable at the same time as the purchase price for the stares sold shall become due and payable. Further, in the event that the selling party has guaranteed any indebtedness of FCAM, the party remaining as the shareholder of FCAM shall either cause such selling party to be released from such guarantee or shall indemnify such selling party from and against any liability thereunder.CLAUSE 10. USE AND CONFIDENTIALITY OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION.As it is for the best interest and benefit of both parties hereto and FCAM, the followings are mutually agreed:(1) Both parties hereto shall ensure that technical information,technical knowhow and knowledge furnished or disclosed, or machinery supplied by Y to FCAM, shall be used solely by FCAM for the purpose of manufacturing ODUCTS, and that FCAM shall not allow or cause any of such information, knowhow or knowledge, or machinery tobe used by any third party, and further that FCAM shall not copy any such machinery.(2) X shall, maintain and protect the confidentiality of any and all information and knowledge related to the establishment of FCAM furnished or disclosed to FCAM by Y.(3) Except as otherwise required by the laws of Mexico, either party hereto shall not disclose or divulge, and shall not permit FCAM to disclose or divulge, the, terms of this Agreement or any agreements concluded between FCAM and Y to any third party person, firm or corporation; and(4) The foregoing obligations of the respective parties to maintain and protect the confidentiality.[2]中外合资企业股东协议(中) -本协议，于20 年月日，由以下两方签订：ＸＸＸ是一家依墨西哥法律组成的公司，主要经营场所为＿＿＿（以下简称Ｘ），代表人为＿＿＿＿；ＹＹＹ是一家依＿＿＿法律组成的公司，主要经营场所为＿＿＿＿（以下简称Ｙ），代表人为＿＿＿＿。
《综合商务英语Ⅰ》课程教学大纲Course syllabus of Business English: An IntegratedCourse Ⅰ一、课程基本信息Course Information课程代码： 16068004Course Code: 16068004课程名称：综合商务英语ⅠCourse Name: Business English: An Integrated Course Ⅰ课程类别：专业必修课Course Type: Compulsory学时：60学时Course Period: 60 hours学分：4学分Course Credit: 4适用对象: 商务英语专业1年级学生Students: First year undergraduate考核方式：考试Assessment: Examination先修课程：无Preparatory Course: None2、课程简介Course Introduction综合商务英语Ⅰ是为商务英语专业学生开设的1门专业技能必修课。
课程所选教材《商务英语综合教程》（第二版）是我国商务英语专业第1套按商务英语专业教学要求编写的教材，由对外经济贸易大学和上海外语教育出版社共同编写。
商务英语综合教程强调语言、文化与商务3者的有机结合，整套教材分为4册，1-4册中的语言技能、商务知识、文化知识按比例合理分配，第1册中的分配比例为，语言70%，商务与文化30%。
《商务英语综合教程Ⅰ》共有8个单元，其中每个单元包括围绕1个话题的3篇课文和配套视频资料。
每个单元的大体结构如下：第1部分：准备（词汇、内容、知识），第2部分：课文Ⅰ（课文理解检查），第3部分：课文II（阅读理解练习、视听练习等），第4部分：课文III：（语言练习与小组作业），第5部分：语言训练（语言点、理解练习、学习技能、写作技能）。
The undergraduate course Integrated Business English prepares students to play an active and creative role in today’s globalized world by exploring English languageand Business across cultures. The course bookBusiness English: An Integrated Course Book 1 constructs 8 topics for the whole semester, each containing 3 articles with language skill practices and in class discussions.3、课程性质与教学目的综合商务英语是1门专业技能必修课，是为商务英语专业开设的1门基础阶段主干课程。
University of SunderlandThe faculty of Business and Law_______________________________ Module Title: Marketing ManagementModule code: PGBM15The market analysis of ZARA______________________________________________Student Name: Xia TangStudent Number:139151583Tutor: Steve StoreyModule Leader: Sudipta DasWord Count:4005Date of submission: 16th June 2014ContentsIntroduction of ZARA (1)1 Dynamics and trends within the marketing environment of ZARA. (1)1.1 Introduction of marketing environment (2)1.2 Macroenvironment-----PESTLE analysis of ZARA (2)1.3 Microenvironment analysis of ZARA (4)1.4 Poter‟s three generic strategies on ZARA (4)1.5 SWOT analysis of ZARA (5)2 The importance of market research,marketing mix and service innovation for Zara (6)2.1 The importance of market research for ZARA (6)2.2 The importance of Marketing mix for ZARA (9)2.3 The importance of ZARA‟S Service innovation (11)3 Marketing techniques for manager-decision (12)3.1 Segmentation ,targeting & positioning (12)3.2Marketing objectives and goals (14)3.3Marketing strategies and programmes (15)4 Conclusion and suggestions (17)References: (19)appendix (20)The market analysis of ZARA IntroductionAs one fashion brand of the Inditex Group, ZARA were founded in Spain in 1975, by Amancio Ortega and Rosalía Mera. When its first store provide low-priced lookalike products of popular, higher-end clothing fashions, after then turn out to be a success, and Ortega began opening more across Europe. During the 1980s, the company started to change the design, manufacturing, and distribution process to cut lead times and respond to the latest trends in a faster way, that is so-called "instant fashions". The company based its improvements on the usage of IT system and using groups of designers rather than individual. This famous fashion manufacturing company has been thought the most efficient and market responding corporation in the whole fashion industry worldwide.More importantly, ZARA used modern technology in its manufacturing factories, where complex process are necessary to be simplified. And incorporate technology in process and tackles are to be taken after comprehensive measurements and analysis. There are opportunities of existing domains where the company may progress and are going to explore.This assignment is going to analyze the market environment and making some achievable plans for the future. This process would be critical and crucial because it leads to decisions that are basis for future actions and these vital decisions for future development will determine the future of the company in this field.1 Dynamics and trends within the marketing environment of ZARA.1.1 Introduction of marketing environmentMarketing environment can be defined as the forces and factors outside marketing which have an impact o n marketing management‟s abilit ies(Armstrong et al. 2008). The macroenvironment elements consist of political, legal, regulatory, societal, technological and economic and competitive forces. Meanwhile, The microenvironment elements contain the company, customers, competitors, marketing intermediaries, suppliers and publics. Furthermore, internal and external environment can be analysed by SWOT analysis. Generally,a successful business system will take all the factors into consideration.1.2 Macroenvironment-----PESTLE analysis of ZARA1.2.1Political IndicatorsGovernment as well as political parties in a country is responsible significantly for the global business environment. In form of policies they may support an trade. Decisions of marketing and expansion would be affected stoutly by the keep-going developments in the political environment. Political environment is quite peaceful almost all the countries. Most of the countries across the world welcome multinational trade despite of their political systems. Even for the cradle of ZARA, Spain also supports and encourages exports of the enterprise which have helped ZARA in a lot of ways.1.2.2 Economic ForcesThe economic environment primarily comprises of the factors which affect the buying power and behaviors of their consumers. ZARA has been dealing with only one currency since its origin, that is Euro. The key reason for ZARA not suffer from recession is that its deals only in Euros, which is a relatively safer currency in its everyday trade compare to Dollars.The currency exchange rates and economical condition of new country are of much importance . Spain has a stable market with many predictable demands.1.2.3 Social circumstancesSince Zara has been operated in the unique country, it has to facing social influence. The cultural roots of Spain are very independent and ZARA has been very fortunate to flourish in independent cultural markets in Spain, which has contributed a lot to this. Moreover, Spain has a centuries-old history which thought about the major contributions in the field of arts and design realm. The brilliant cultural events and peaceful social environment attracts a lot of people to travel to this country. The tourism exchanges help ZARA to get more new customers by delivering quality products. ZARA is capable to retain its customers by fulfilling their needs. Fashion at lower price enable customers to make big purchases ,thus tourists become customers.1.2.4Technological FactorsThe modern technology have led the Spanish Clothing retailing to cater to the customer‟s needs of fresh fashion promptly. Many fashion firms and competitors of ZARA have applied new technological ideas on their selling point or manufacturing processes. The company has launched its technological growth with eco-friendly productions. i.e. ZARA have launched the Detox campaign globally with a fashion show(Yifang Li 2012), and according to ZARA's commitment, it will to eliminate the all the chemical group(i.e. PFCs) by the end of 2020.1.2.5 Legal RestrictionsAt the mention of legal, Spanish administration has regulations that support this industrial development. Logistics of this country provide generic supports and productive rules for safer business transactions.1.2.6 Environmental ProblemsCustomers, competitors and some internal corporate factors constitute the business environment of one industry. Indeed, whole business growth is beneficial for new businesses, but for ZARA, it‟s time to develop new domains and to cross boundaries.1.3 Microenvironment analysis of ZARA1.3.1CustomersZARA‟s target customers are people concentration on fashion trends and want to have the latest style, but cannot afford garments from the haute couture boutiques.Totally, customers can be divided into different groups by different criteria. But ZARA‟s segmentation have advantages when comparing all the other retailers because it does not define its target customers by ages and lifestyles, it gives ZARA opportunities to get a much broader target market.1.3.2CompetitorsCompetitiveness is an inevitable threat in clothing retailing, especially in fast fashion retailing. Specifically, GAP , Uniqlo and H&M can be the most abvious competitors for ZARA.GAP is famous for its simple-style trousers, Uniqlo have advantages on quality and comfortability(Bagaria.A.2014) , while H&M pay much attention to its sportswear section.1.4 Poter‟s three generic strategies on ZARAAs the generic strategies have three sections. i.e. segmentation strategies, cost leadership and differentiation strategies. ZARA has followed an optimal mixture of allthe three parts. Products have been separated into three main parts, i.e. male, female and children , but wide-ranging distribution of products is evitable, e.g. clothes of young girls have not been differentiate from the people over 40. Products has got differentiation on the basis of fast fashion perception. Moreover products are manufactured on day to day varying trends in clothing market. ZARA has offered goods at relatively low prices and has make progress to produce items at lower prices.1.5 SWOT analysis of ZARA1.5.1 StrengthsIts Styles are closely linked to current trends with medium-high quality.The…fast-fashion‟ phenomenon has created a quicker fashion circumstance and provide cheaper options, which encouraging consumers make purchases more often. ZARA sells its commodities on its own stores instead of vendors.Company manufactures the products under a low-cost conditions, this leads to sell it at very reasonable prices.1.5.2 WeaknessesThe market is vulnerable to economic changes.Many other discount retailers have lowered the prices as the selling points, decreasing the potential value of the market over the whole industry..Communications with products is weak, i.e. less stress on promotional activities.No special advertisement plan, which result in of people doesn‟t get ideas of its new arrivals.The majority of the garments and accessories are similar to its competitors.1.5.3 OpportunitiesPeople nowadays are becoming much more dressing conscious and are trying to keepup with the latest styles, which are constantly changing.ZARA have a global expansion of online shopping and smart apps.Clothes with the conception of …Made in Europe‟ remains a irreplaceable sale point for consumers looking for luxury products, and is also appealing to overseas markets. ZARA has the chances to enter new markets geographically and dividing product line into new more segments offering specialized and more customer-oriented products.1.5.4 ThreatsUnstable economy remains the largest threat to clothing industry, which could make consumers very cautious once again with regard to spending. Moreover, Rises in the cost of clothing could discourage consumers from making purchases (Hughes.K 2012).Potential and obvious competitors in clothing retailing ,and the oversaturation of current fashion markets, exchange rates may keep changing and cause a major setback, and any natural disaster may physically influence the only factory.2 Task two:the importance of market research,marketing mix and service innovation for Zara2.1 The importance of market research for ZARAThe fashion market in particular is a challenging arena., as a fashion retailer ZARA should carry out market research investigations to gain an in-depth understanding of the market situation, assess shifts in trends, understand competitors and obtain ideas of consumers and their requirements.Once research information has been gathered then its relevance can be assessed and the data could be analysed. The aim is to assist ZARA in making business andmarketing decisions.2.1.1 Market trendsConsumers are willing to consume in health care, education and entertainment due to their limited income, instead of purchasing clothing. In addition, clothing price is rising. The V AT increase that came into affect the cost of goods, and will have a negative effect on the volume of retail sales, so it is indeed a permanent solution. Specifically, because of the global shortage, cotton price places an essential part in the price of clothing and it has increase significantly to the top for eighteen years.The …Fast-Fashion‟ Phenomena is really popular recently. Consumers are able to purchase affordable products as retailers distribute low cost merchandise, including regular customer and new collections. Consumers are much willing to consider purchasing low cost products with the latest trends, rather than purchasing expensive one for long term uses. In this case, it forces retailers offer discount to customers and lower-priced rivals keep increasing market share (Walker 2011).With the expansion on shopping online, Tutt (2014) claims that with the development of science and technology, shopping online nowadays is not that newfangled. He also mentions that e-commerce has overwhelmingly changed the nature of the clothing retailing industry in daily life for recent years. Many retail brands have launched their online shopping, such as smartphones and tablet applications (apps). At the same time, online clothing retailers have successfully enter the clothing market. Online clothing retailing has become more and more popular among people, due to its obvious convenience and some different innovative offerings in technology, including price comparison of branded goods, click and collect in-store services. ZARA is also on the way to develop its own online trade (Appendix 1).2.1.2 Market sizeAs one international retailer globally, ZARA has 1827 stores in 88 counties by 15 April 2014, and continues to urge its logistics system to complete stock rotation every fortnight.Moreover, the company got 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most significant shopping malls of over 400 cities within the Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this kind of expansion globally, ZARA has remained focused on its core fashion attitude to the combination of creativity and quality ,together with a rapid response to market demands.2.13 Competitors analysisClothing retailing industry is highly competitive, and Palmer.A(2004) believes that keep an eye on competitors and trying to understand their likely next moves can be crucial. Figure 1 shows the competitors‟ analysis of ZARA.Brand Brand Personality Competitive angle PricingH&M FunTrendyYoung minded Fashions for the entire family CheapFast fashionASOS CoolFunPopularTechnically savvy Large variety of stock due tonot having to present items ina physical spaceVaried due to marketplaceDifferent ASOS labelsand brands stockedRiver Island YoungTrendyColourfulSimilar selection of productsto rival brands but add a logoor pattern that is differentAffordable for theirtarget audienceParty animalFigure 1: Competitors‟ analysis (Adopted from Luder, 2013)2.2 The importance of Marketing mix for ZARA2.2.1 ProductZARA manufactures a wide range of customer-focused merchandise, such as shoes, clothes, jeans, sportswear, accessories and cosmetics for men, women and children. ZARA focus on fashionable elements, trendy garment and not divide production by age.2.2.2 PlaceZARA‟s stores are located in a affluent shopping mall. The company invested heavily in purchasing stores as closer as possible to the luxury brands, just for a emphasis of …affordable luxury‟, and to obtain customer s‟ awareness.Stores‟ layout is not only just relevant to stores which customer visit, but also to the layout and structure of virtual stores, and websites. This is really make sense in guiding buyers of intangible services through the choices available to them.2.2.3 Price.The prices of ZARA‟s items are market-based more than cost-based and are different from different productions, so it was called the competition price.2.2.4 PromotionPalmer (2004) hold the view that promotion is for companies to communicate their products or service to their customers .ZARA does not use traditional advertising, only 0.3% of revenue are used for promotion, this shortage result in the customers do not have any ideas about the newest commodities. Its official website can provide a good channel to communication with its consumers.Window displays are the first thing to attract potential consumers. Meticulously designed to be artistic and attention grabbing, while highlighting the newest designs.The windows in front of the store are always the latest fashion items.2.2.5PeopleZARA‟s designers are always young and be taught to determine rapidly. Designers are trained to limit the figure of reviews and changes, speeding up the development process and minimizing the number of samples. Pearson(2010) told us that failure rates of ZARA's new products were reported to be about just one per cent, much lower than the average level among the industry of ten percent.2.2.6 Physical EvidencePhysical evidence is about things such as: surrounding packaging, brochures, website design, application, carrier bags, in-store décor, atmosphere, and facilities, retail fixtures, display windows and brand logo. All the elements above will give customers the first impression immediately, then may become one of the reasons for buying.2.2.7ProcessIt seems that most of the working processes of ZARA are outsourced in some countries that are close to Spain , which help to achieve a rapid turnaround. ZARA keeps a powerful relationship with its contractors and suppliers , regard them as part of its own enterprise.2.3 The importance of ZARA‟S Service innovation2.3.1 Man-made Scarcity ValueZARA's management of the supply chain makes it capable to set the flow speed of the production and information, so that the whole supply chain are able to run in a fast and predictable rhythm. Beneficial to adopt a brand management mode that is"fast-speed, small-amount, multiplicity ", while maintaining synchronization with fashion, through a combination of developing new models, and man-made "out of stock" ,in order to achieve rapid design, fast production, quick sale, update merchandise in every stores twice a week quickly.This is really make sense for that everyone what to be “special” and “unique”. So that global average of 17 visits per consumer every year is much more than its competitors.2.3.2 Efficient Information SystemZARA's ability to control stores is extremely strong, all the stores have to give data report to the headquarters every day. For the convenience of every store manager immediately give reports to the motherland of the latest selling data and fashion information, ZARA equipped managers with a special mobile data transmission equipment. The store manager will place an order by a handheld PDA, if it is not out of stock in headquarters, from order began to send online until the ZARA‟s investments informationization of software and hardware are more than 100000 dollars, it is a quite expensive investment of informationization in this retail industry. Therefore, designers can have e-conference with the store managers around the world timely, and understand local sales and customer s‟ responses, so as to adjust direction of product design.ZARA began to invested in information technology (IT) long time ago. The indoor Information Technology System is simple but effectual. Internal communication ismaximized by housing on one floor, the designers, pattern makers and merchandisers, as well as everyone else involved in the production.2.3.3 E-commercialThe first online sales were launched for ZARA in Spain September 2010. Then have extended in the UK, Portugal, Italy, Germany and France, the united states, Canada, etc. Additionally, ZARA‟s global online service later be extended to the South Korea and Mexico in the autum/winter of the 2014(Appendix 1). ZARA also got a smart app(Appendix 2) of its own brand, virtual closet app highlights upcoming styles, informs consumer of sold out items and offers alternative suggestions, provide individualized advertising at minimum cost.3 Marketing techniques for manager-decision3.1 Segmentation ,targeting & positioning3.1.1Segmentation of ZARAThe fashion market can be segmented in several ways, for example by purchase frequency or market level. It categorizes consumers in terms of their age, attitudes, behaviours or by the type of products and services they might need.Womenswear has been the main focus of the global fashion industry, with male clothing having a much less diverse products. However, with male celebrities becoming increasingly involved in the fashion industry, it is now more common for men to change their fashion styles as often as women.In terms of ZARA, its used to divide their products line by 60 percent for women, 25 percent for men and the other proportion for children‟s section. But the choices of male clothing products has expanded in recent years, because nowadays men are more and more focused on whether or not their dressing is within the fashion style.Considering the other retailers get so much coverage for the womenswear offerings, ZARA should strike a balance between female and male. As can be seen from the figure.2 ZARA and H&M have very different strategies when it comes to the weighting of their offering. ZARA indeed have paid much more attention for men recently compared to its competitors H&M.Figure.2. Segmentation of offering at ZARA & H&M (Adopted from Katie Smith,2014)3.1.2 Targeting of ZARAThe targeted customer of ZARA is usually aged from18 to 40, with medium-high level of income. Moreover, targets customer based on their consciousness of fashion. The customers usually are busy people which been considered in ZARA‟s tactic, that is to make the customer to buy by instinct.The requirements and demands of individual consumers can vary greatly, and what may be suitable for one customer may be totally unsuitable for another. The company targets customers that are those interested in current vogue, as well as want to be hip with the latest fashion trends by limited money. In order to target this market, ZARA‟s strategy should be launches its outlet in hot locations and provides customers with a new collection frequently with a relatively reasonale price.3.1.3 Positioning of ZARATalking about the positioning, the company of ZARA aims to provide its customers with trendy and high fashion products at not expensive prices to fulfill their variable requirements. Figure 2 showed us the positioning of ZARA recently, and the position is worth to be sustained and evaluated for the future progress.Figure 2: Positioning map (resource from: zarafashion 2013)3.2Marketing objectives and goalsGeneral objectives:Strategically plan the incorporation of the new line within the existing business model- use core competencies and strengthen brand values with a new twist. Develop the consumer focused product line and marketing strategies.Customer is the starting point for the ZARA…s operation, like from the store, shop assistant will collect all the feedback and demands from the customers. Reinforce customer focus as the key driver of the ZARA brandSpecific goals:Increase 20% of the brand value of ZARA. Last year, ZARA‟s brand value rose 14 percent to 8.6 billion euros(Drucker.J2014).Strategically segment the market. i.e. gender,age,lifestyles,worksTo be customer-focused. Make them: Shorter decision times;More impulse buying;A feeling of being unconstrained;Desire to reward oneself.3.3Marketing strategies and programmes3.3.1 ProductZARA can be regarded as mature and confident for its customers and this thought kept unchanged since long time ago. A analysis of fashion consumer behaviors showed that some consumers attach meanings to their clothes, or regard them as the role of fashion in society. Innovatively, products can be divided into different theme. Not just focus on fashion or trendy.ZARA could give some special names to different themes, such as “Time-Back” for some cloths of vintage style, and “Hebetic M emory”for the garments that are full of the recollection of the youth.3.3.2 PlaceThe stores of ZARA always located in high traffic, hot areas that impart a prestigious atmosphere to ZARA. But high-street stores have a high level competition among competitors in the same area, so it is wise to open some of the stores in somewhere far away form city centre, but near a residential area. As a result, people will visit them more often by its convenience or by the way they go to supermarket.3.3.3 PriceZARA‟s pricing strategy is market-based, not cost-based. But the price is still affordable although premium pricing in a higher cost markets. Additionally, the number of price have a crucial relationship with buyers, so customers‟ idea also need to be considered.3.3.4 PromotionZARA have to started campaigns in all the stores globally with politeness and frankness to charm the customers, treat them with excellent manners to get their loyalty. For the promotion of ZARA , they start focusing on website researches or smart phone application, either of them is the perfect way to display its production efficiently.3.3.5 PeopleSelling effectiveness might be critically affected by the behaviours of front-line employees who are interact with customers closely(Posner.H 2011).ZARA has a very effective way of training staff. And all the staff have different division of duty. Sales assistants ,cashiers and managers are work in their respective posts.More importantly, all the employees are also made aware of the store target everday. This lets them know how they are selling that day in comparison to that day the previous year. They also should be get a pay staff commission, This helps to motivate as, the more you sell, the more you get paid.3.3.6 Physical EvidenceThis is more than the clothes or accessories themselves, it‟s the tiny extras that make a huge difference. The label in the garment, the carrier bag so special that is kept as a treasured souvenir, all the displays would make a shopping feel thrilling and happy.ZARA have not got some critical think about their carrier bags, there still have some room for innovative design about it, i.e. unique shape,mpressive colour or logo.For example, Prey is a unique boutique retailer from UK. Its carrier bag is beautifully designed and crafted. The bags are a treasure themselves, far too gorgeous to everthrow away and it become a inducement to buy into the Prey world and purchase from the boutique.3.3.7 ProcessZARA‟s management of the supply chain is extremely low-cost, as well as most of their processes like operations, manufacturing are all vertically integrated, and the pattern called Vertical Integration ,With which, ZARA has the ability to control the whole process better and faster.But sometimes the high speed on supply will leads to the limited runs of clothing, consumers may not be able to purchase desired pieces. So as to successfully respond consumers‟ demands, ZARA‟s design decisions should be delayed as long as possible, people nowadays much busier with their work and study, and can not be easy to adapt the fast changeable situation.4 Conclusion and suggestionsFashion retailing is a saturated industry, so it is indeed to increase the brand value, by analysing the response to current industry trends. And there is also important to identify the need for the industry trends.ZARA‟s strategies aim to establish a unique business model that allows the company self-sufficient, throughout the stages of materials, manufacture, completion and distribution to stores worldwide within a short time.Generally, ZARA is created a new business model, a complete business model based on customers‟ needs and wants. Only fully understanding and control the advantages and disadvantages, can obtain the long-time stable and sustainable development ZARA must work out an comprehensive strategy for its future. It is recommended that, not to execute all the decisions only in one method, gain the response and then decide for further actions to be taken. Meticulous assessment is in need before finalizing anydecisions, fashion marketplaces changes commonly that unchartered fancy may lead to undesired consequences.References:Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Wong, V. and Saunders, J. (2008). Principles of marketing. England: Pearson Education Ltd.Bagaria,A.2014.The world of fashion retailing.[online].Available at:/blog/Uniqlo-vs-Zara-vs-H-M-vs-the-world-of-fashion-retailing/91 [Accessed May 18 2014]Drucker,J.2014.Ortega’s ZARA Fashion.[online]Available at:/news/2014-02-26/ortega-s-zara-fashions-tax-avoidance-by-shifting-pr ofits-to-alps.html [Accessed on May 31]Hughes,K.2012.Clothing Retailing.Market Update 2012.PP :20~21Inditex.2013.FY Results.[online]available at:/documents/10279/98142/Full+year+2013+Results.pdf/e667212d-a457-4d f7-b8c3-f8f0acaebedb [Accessed on May 27 2014]Katie, Smith .2014.ZARA VS H&M.[online]Available at:/blog/2014/04/zara-vs-hm-whos-in-the-global-lead/ [Accessed on May 26 2014]Luder,K. (2013). Topman Research Document. [online] Available at:/doc/125399832/Topman-Research-Document. [Accessed May 8 2014].Palmer,A.2004.Introduction to Marketing theory and practice.2nd ed.The united States.Oxford University Press Inc.Pearson.A.2010.The story of ZARA-the speeding bullet[online] Available at:/pdfs/case%20studies/zarathespeedingbullet.pdf [Accessed May 21 2014]Posner, H. (2011). Marketing Fashion. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd.Tutt,L.2014.Clothing Retailing [online] Available at:/market-intelligence/view/product/10958/clothing-retailing?medium=ch apters [Accessed May 18 2014]。
