英语常用短语的用法与练习（3）
11. as for至于，关于；
用法：
as to 和as for表示“就……而论”“有关”或“至于”。但二者用法不尽相同。
as to 的功能类似于with regard to，regarding，on the matter of，concerning 等，常用于相当正式的语境中，尤其用于争论和做出决定时。可放于句首或与wh- 疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词性从句连用（有时可省略），而as for 无此种用法。例如：As to the journey，we must decide about that later.至于旅行，我们必须以后再作决定。as to 有时用于表示according to 的含义。例如：They sorted the eggs as to size and color.
as for 和as to 都可用于句首，引出一个与前一个话题稍微有些不同的话题，但as for 在语体上不如as to 正式，并且着重话题的转换，也就是说，它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情，因此它不能用于文章的开头。另外，as for 有时表达轻蔑的语气。例如：We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for the traffic，we had no difficulty.在乡下我们度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通，我们没有遇到任何困难。
例句：
①As for you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself.至于你, 你应该感到
惭愧。
②You can have a bed；as for him，he'll have to sleep on the floor.
有一张床给你，至于他，就只能睡在地板上了。
③As for him，I know nothing.至于他，我一点也不了解。
as短语：
as to 至于，关于；提到；就……而论(至于，说到)；
配套练习：
(1).完成句子：
①He was uncertain _____ (至于) which road to take.
②Would you be so kind _____ (至于) help me to move the stone?
③______ my past, I’m not telling you anything.
(2).单项填空
①_____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
②One of the purposes of United Nations is to achieve international co-operation without distinction as to race,____, language or religion.
A. sex
B. female
C. male
D. skin
③_____ no need for as to do the experiment again, it was mot long before we left the chemistry lab.
A. There has
B. There was
C. There being
D. It being
④Would you be so kind as to _____ me ten minutes?
A. spend
B. save
C. spare
D. share
12. pay attention to 注意；
用法：
pay attention to 后面可以直接加名词、代词或者动名词，但是值得我们注意的是，这里的to是一个介词，并不是能构成动词不定式的，这和look forward to是一样的。所以呢，这个词组后面要接动词的话，那麽就要在动词后加ing了。
例句：
①You should pay attention to your spelling.你要注意自己的拼写。
②We had paid attention to him. 我们已经注意到他了。
③They paid attention to watching the scene. 他们注意到了观察现场。attention短语：
bring sth. to one’s attention 使某事引起某人注意；call/draw one’s attention to sth. 使某人注意某事；draw/catch/attract one’s attention 引起某人的注意；fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on sth. 集中注意力于某事物；
配套练习：
(1).完成句子:
①他的提议没有引起任何注意。
No attention ______ his advice.
②他提醒我注意一些新的证据。
He ______ some new evidence.
(2).单项填空:
①Every year China’s Autumn Export Commodities _____ in Guangzhou attracts much attention of more and more businessmen or merchants all over the world.
A. Firm
B. Show
C. Fair
D. Exhibition
②Don’t worry. Your child is old enough to himself.
A. take care of
B. care for
C. looking after
D. pay attention to
③--- At what time did you _______ the office?
--- Oh, sorry. I didn’t pay any attention to the time when I came in.
A. return
B. return to
C. come back
D. go back
④The struggle against sand storm will not end _____ victory unless we pay much attention to the balance of nature.
A. at
B. in
C. for
D. with
⑤_____, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
A. However that story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
13. badly off穷的；处境差的；缺少的；
例句：
①I am quite badly off recently. 最近我经济上很拮据。
②His health is worse off than before. 他的身体状况比以前更糟糕了。
③The refugees are badly off for blankets, and even worse off for food. 难民需要毯子, 更需要食物。
④Capitalism can make you well off.资本主义可以让你变得富裕。
短语：
be badly off for sth. 需要（某物）；（某物）供应不足；worse off 境况更差；更穷困；well off 富裕；处境好（比较级：better off境况更佳）；
配套练习：
单项填空：
①Though he was _____ , he looked down upon those who had a lot of money.
A. well off
B. rich
C. badly off
D. well–known
②We shouldn’t complain about being poor because many families are much _____.
A. better off
B. badly off
C. well off
D. worse off
③We aren't too badly off but we can't afford a house like that.
A.well off
B.badly off
C.worse off
D.better off
④The refugees are badly off for blankets, and even worse off for food.
A.badly off; worse off
B.well off; better off
C.badly off; better off
D.well off; worse off
14. because of因为；由于
because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词及what从句。如：She got hurt because of what you’d said.她因为你的话而受到伤害。
辨析：（1）due to/ thanks to/ owing to/ as a result of
due to 意为“由于”常作表语，也作后置定语和状语。
thanks to意为“多亏；由于”只作状语。
owing to意为“由于”常作状语。
as a result of意为“由于”作状语。
(2)because/as/since/for
because表示直接原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中，也只能用because。
as用于解释做某事的原因，语气较弱，通常位于主句前。
since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实，常意为“既然”。语气比because 弱，但比as强。通常位于主句前，并常与as换用。
for并列连词，连接并列分句，表示一种补充说明，是推测或判断的理由，语气较弱，不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因，相当于because。
配套练习：
单项填空
①People crowded on the road and could not go forward ____ the traffic accident some cars had made.
A. with
B. since
C. because of
D. because
②I said nothing about it, _____ his wife’s being there.
A.because of
B.because
C.since
D.as
③He knew she was crying _____ what he had said.
A.as
B.because of
C.because of
D.since
④Tom’s absence was _____ the rain.
A.because of
B.because
C.due to
D.since
15. before long不久以后；
用法：
before long 是介词短语，意为“不久以后”“不久”，所在句中的谓语动词可用于各种时态。It looks as though it will sonw before long 。看起来好像一会儿要下雪。
long before 是副词短语，表示“很久以前”，这个词组常与动词的过去时或过去完成时连用，后面跟从句时也可以用在现在时的句子中。It will be long before we arrive 。还要很久，我们才能到达。
例句：
The dictionary will be published before long.不久以后这本词典将被出版。
②I’ll be back before long. 不久我就回来.
③Before long he got married. 不久他就结婚了.
短语：
long before 很久以前；long ago 很久以前；
配套练习：
(1).完成句子：
①That happened _______ (很久以前).
②I have seen that film ________ (很久以前).
③His plan seemed to be too difficult, but ________ (不久以后) it proved to be practicable.
(2).单项填空
①Don’t be sad, my fellow. It won’t be _____ we meet again.
A. before long
B. long after
C. after long
D. long before
②_____ he began to write articles in English for American newspapers.
A. Shortly after
B. Long before
C. Before long
D. Sooner
③He will pass two milestones _____, that is, he will receive his master’s degree and find a challenging job.
A. long ago
B. for long
C. before long
D. long before
④They see you as something of a worrier, _____ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them.
A. settling
B. discovering
C. seeing
D. Design
⑤_____ no need for as to do the experiment again, it was mot long before we left the chemistry lab.
A. There has
B. There was
C. There being
D. It being Keys:
11. (1). ①as to②as to③As for (2). AACC
12. (1). ①was paid to②called/drew my attention to (2). CABBC
13. CDBA
14. CABC
15. (1). ①long ago②long before③before long (2). DCCCC
高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1. 人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如： 1）That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。 2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。 当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。如： 3）It's a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？ it可用来指代团体。如： 4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。 it用以代替指示代词this, that.如： 5）--- What's this? --- It's a pen. —这是什么？—是一支钢笔。 6）--- Whose book is that? --- It's Mike's. —那是谁的书？—是迈克的。 2. 指示代词it，常用以指人。如： 7）Go and see who it is. 去看看是谁。 8）--- Who is making such a noise? —是谁发出这样的吵闹声？ --- It must be the children. —一定是孩子们。 3.虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如： 9）It is half past three now. 现在是三点半钟。 10）It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 11）It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark. 天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。 it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如： 12）It's awful—I've got so much work I don't know where to start. 糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。 13）How is it going with you? 你近况如何？ 14）Take it easy. 不要紧张。 it也常用于下列结构： 15）It looks as if the college is very small. 看起来这个学院很小。 16）It seems as though our plan will be perfect. 似乎我们的计划很完善。 17）It's my turn. 该轮到我了。 it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如：cab it 乘车catch it 受责，受罚come it 尽自己分内come it strong 做得过分walk it 步行make it 办成take it out of somebody 拿某人出气 4. 先行词it. it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用，先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。 （1）用作形式主语
英语it的用法小结 江苏沛县湖西中学鹿俊先 221611 1．实义的it。 实义的it用来指代具体的内容。 1．1．指代上文提过的除人以外的生物或非生物，复数形式为they。 The earth is the planet that we live on. It is the fifth largest planet of the solar system. This car is not fast enough. It can only do 60 miles an hour. John is in the school football team. It was reorganized last year. “Where is the cat?”“It is in the garden.” “Where are the cats?”“They are in the garden.” 1．2．指代上文提过的性别不明或无须指明性别的小孩。 To feed a child without also educating it is a fault in the father. What’s matter with the baby? It has been crying. Her baby is due next month. She hopes it will be boy. 1．3．作主语指代上文提过的人，谓语用以指明该人的身份。 “Who is that at the door?”“It’s the postman.” The footsteps drew nearer and she saw from behind the curtain who her visitor was. And she opened the door to welcome her. It was Maria Cragg.（文中的主人已知客人是谁，所以在使用It之前就使用了her，但读者依然不明白，所以最后用It 作主语谓语指明该人的身份。） 1．4．作主语，指代谓语部分所说明的自然现象（如：风、雨、热、冷）、季节、时间、距离、环境等。 It was raining hard when he got off the train. Is it very cold in your country in December? It is high time (that) we had a rest. It was early spring / 1986 when we first met. It is six months since he lost his job. It won’t be long before we meet again. It is only two hours’ ride / eighty miles to Cleveland. It is very dark / pretty / crowded / noisy /dirty in the room. 1．5．指代上下文或一定语境所表明的情况、事件等。 “I’m trying to change my job.”“You’ll find it difficult.”（it指调换工作这件事。） “I’ll have to work all night through.”“It is awful.”（it指你彻夜工作这件事。）You’ll be in trouble before you know it.（it指你陷入困境这件事。。） English is very important, and we all know it.（it指英语的重要性。） When the factory closes, it will mean 500 redundancies.（it指工厂倒闭这件事。有些学者把此处及以下四个句子中的it解释为形式主语或形式宾语但却无法解释没有真正的主语/宾语何来形式主语/宾语。） I’d appreciate it if you could help me with the work.（it指你帮助我工作这件事。）
it的用法及练习 一、概述 在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it） Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。（人称代词）What’s this?这是什么？ It’s a book.这是一本书。（指示代词） What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。（非人称代词） It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer.春天是植树的最佳时节，因为天气更暖和。（作引导词） It was I who met him in the park last week. 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。（强调结构中的强调词） 二、it作代词 1、用作人称代词（personal it） 代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。 The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是温血动物，它是冷血动物。My pen is missing. I can't find it anywhere. 我的笔丢了，我哪儿也找不到它了。 I won't be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回来了，请你向我妻子说一声。 I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. 我对这部电影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。 Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。 2、用作指示代词（demonstrative it） 相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。 -Who is knocking at the door? —谁在敲门？
It的用法（专项总结及训练） 一、人称代词 1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复: ①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 2.，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): ②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t. ③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder 3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景: ③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.． 二、.非人称代词 1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等： ⑴.指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it? ⑵.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. ⑶.指日期:It is April First today. ⑷.指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou. ⑸.指价值:It is three dollars. ⑹.指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade. 三、其他用法 1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事： ①Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.....). ②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she. ③Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 2.泛泛的指某件事：(有时泛指一般情况) ①It doesn’t matter. ②It is a shame, isn’t it? ③How is it going?(情况怎样) ④It says in the newspaper that...... 3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思 The last train's gone. Come on, we'll foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。) 四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语： 1.作形式主语替代主语从句 ⑴It is clear ( obvious，true，possible，certain....) that 从句常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂ It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. ⑵It is important ( necessary，right，strange，natural...) that 从句常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 ①It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It作形式主语常见句型 动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有： 1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如： It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not. 2. It + be + 名词词组+ 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour， a question等，如： It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match. It remains a question whether he will come or not. 3. It + be + 过去分词+ 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等，如： It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient. 4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等，如： It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth. It happened that I was out when he called. 5. It + be + 形容词+ for sb.）+ 动词不定式 这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如： It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language. It is unwise to give the children whatever they want. 这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise 6. It + be + 形容词+ of sb. + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate 等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如： It’s very kind of you to help me with the work. =You are kind to help me. It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others. =He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others. 7. It + be +名词词组+ 动词不定式，如： It is not a good habit to stay up too late. 8. It + be + 名词或形容词+ 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如： It’s a waste of time talking to her any more. It is no use arguing about the matter with him. 9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如： It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam. It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.
巩固练习 Ⅰ. 把下面句子译成英语，注意it的用法。 1. 过了很久他才回来。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我们两个月后才会再见面。 ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我离开这所学校已经20年了 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是个著名影星。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 是约600年前第一块带有表盘(face)和一个时针（hour hand）的钟表被制造出来的。________________________________________________________________________ 6. 昨天是他们打扫的教室。 ________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我是在大街上遇见她的父亲的。 ________________________________________________________________________ 8. 我们弄清楚了我们要在何时何地开会。 ________________________________________________________________________ 9. 据说所有的票都卖完了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 10. 我们真的该采取行动了。 ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 从方框中选出能够填入空白处的合适的连接词。 since, before, after, that, where, which 1. The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect. 2. It was not until ten o'clock ______ we got home last night． 3. Look at the building. It was the theatre _______ Lincoln was murdered. 4. Could it be in the restaurant in______ you had dinner with me yesterday_______ you left behind your keys and wallet? 5. It's years ______I painted this beautiful picture. 6. It will be years ______ I paint this beautiful picture. 7. It was years ______ I painted this beautiful picture. 8. It's for years ______ I have painted this beautiful picture. 9. It worried the mother a lot _______ her son drove so fast. 10. I think it important ______ you should attend the conference. Ⅲ. 单项选择。 1. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ____ I am talking to. A．who is it B．who it is C．it is who D．it is whom 2. It was the ability to do the job _______ matters not where you e from or what you are.
it的用法： ⑴it用作人称代词：指代前面已经提到过的动物、事物、小孩或性别/身份不明的人，但应注意：指宠物时常用he/she，指大动物（马、大象等）可以用he/she；指祖国或家乡时，常用she. 注意句子：He failed in the examine，and it worried him. He failed in the examine. It worried him. He failed in the examine，which worried him. ⑵it用作非人称代词：常常用作句子的主语，可以指时间、距离、价格、长度、重量、日期、星期、月份、季节、气候等。 ⑶it用作形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，人们常用it作形式主语或宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语（不定式短语、动词-ing短语或名词性从句）放在句末。注意it作形式主语的常见结构有： ①It+ be + adj/n（for sb）to do sth. ②It +be + adj of sb to do sth. ③It +be + adj /n+ doing sth（一般限于名词fun，good，luck，joy，use，pleasure 或形容词foolish，wonderful，good，nice，interesting，useless，worth等作 表语时，才用it作形式主语，将真正的动名词主语后置） ④It +be + adj./n + that-clause. ⑤It +be+过去分词（如said，proved，known，believed，reported，thought，hoped， decided，announced, suggested，ordered，demanded，proposed，requested，advised 等）+that-clause.注意如果表语是划线部分的词，从句应该用虚拟语气。 ⑥It takes sb some time to do sth. ⑦It seems/looks as if…. ⑷it用在强调句型中： 强调句型“It is/was + 被强调部分 + 其他”的用法 ①这一句型可以强调除谓语、表语、定语和同位语以外的任何部分；如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who/that，如果被强调的部分是事物，只能用that。如：It was I who/that came here late this morning. It is a book that is on the desk. ②注意该句型不能强调让步状语从句；强调原因状语从句时，只能用because，不能用
英语中it的用法及练习 一、概述 在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it） Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。（人称代词）What’s this?这是什么？ It’s a book.这是一本书。（指示代词） What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。（非人称代词） It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer.春天是植树的最佳时节，因为天气更暖和。（作引导词） It was I who met him in the park last week. 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。（强调结构中的强调词） 二、it作代词 1、用作人称代词（personal it） 代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。 The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是温血动物，它是冷血动物。 My pen is missing. I can't find it anywhere. 我的笔丢了，我哪儿也找不到它了。 I won't be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回来了，请你向我妻子说一声。 I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. 我对这部电影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。 Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。 2、用作指示代词（demonstrative it） 相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。 -Who is knocking at the door? —谁在敲门？ -It's me. —是我。 I had a talk with the student. It was very helpful to her. 我和那个学生谈了次话，对她非常有帮助。 It happened during my stay in the United States. 事情发生在我在美国的时候。 -Whose exercise book is that? —谁的作业本？ -It's his . —是他的。 3、用作非人称代词（impersonal it） 代词it可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、气体、阴暗等）。 -What's the time? —“几点了？” -It's half past ten. —“十点半”（指时间） It is late autumn now. 现在是深秋。（指时间） It is rather cold today, isn't it?今天很冷，是不是？（指天气） -How far is it from here to the station? —从这儿到车站有多远？ -It's about two kilometers. -大约两公里。（指距离） It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然现象） -What's the cost of the dictionary? 那本词典多少钱？
高中英语It的用法专项练习题一 1. Was it during the Second World War_____ he died? A.that B.while C.in which D.then 2. Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A.this B.that C.it D.he 3. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A.this B.that C.its D.it 4. Does ______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it 5. It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star. A.when, that B.until, that C.until, that D.when, then 6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better. A.that B.this C.one D.it 7. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began. A.while B.which C.that D.since 8. ______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A.There B.This C.That D.It 9. It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty. A.until B.that C.then D.so
重点代词it的用法和练习（含答案） (1)it用做人称代词的用法 it用作代词，意为“它”，既可以指人，也可以指物。it做人称代词，可以用来代替一个名词、短语、从句或句子，以避免他们在句中的重复。这是可以指提到过的，也可以指未提到的，在句中做主语、表语和宾语。 1)指事物，it可以知道除人以外的任何事物或动物。 I dropped my watch and it broke.我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。 2)指人，it主用用于指性别不明的婴儿或只听其声不见其人的人，如： Is it a boy or a girl?是男孩还是女孩？ There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. “Listen. Someone is crying..”“Oh, it must be Mary.” 3）代替某些代词。 代词it可以用于代替指示代词this, that以及复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等，如：“What’s this?”“It’s a new machine” (2)it用作非人称代词的用法 1)it用作非人称代词主要用来指时间、距离、价值、天气、气温及温度等自然现象。如 It’s too late to go there now.现在去那已经太迟了。 It rained all day yesterday.昨天下了一整天雨。 2)用于某些句型。 It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。 It’s to do sth. 是时候该做某事了。 It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。 It’s (about/high) time +that--从句。某人该做某事了。（从句谓语用过去式，有时候用should+动词原形） It’s first(second)time +that--从句。某人第几次干某事。（从句谓语动词用现在完成时） It’s +时间段+since从句。自从…以来有一段时间了。 It’s +时间段+before 从句。过多长时间才… (3)it用作形式主语的用法。 1)当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分做句子主语时，为保持句子的平衡，通常把真正的主语放 在句末，而句首使用形式主语it。如 It’s very important to remember this. It’s hard work climbing mountains. It’s unknown when he will come. 2)it用作形式主语的重要句型。 ①It+be+adj.+for(of)sb to do sth. 某人做某事… It is hard for him to make up his mind.他很难下定决心。 It was foolish of her to say such a thing.她说那样的话，太愚蠢了。 提示：此句型中的介词of和for的区别是：of用于指某人的性格，属性，特征等。介词for表示对象，意为“对…来说”。
高考英语语法知识之It 的用法总结 1．It is + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2．It was not until + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3．It is clear ( obvious, true, possible,certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。It is said that he has come to Beijing. 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．． It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人第几次做某事了＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10 It is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that + ….. 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人做过的最…的事情＂。 This is the best film that I have ever seen . That was the worst song that he had heard . 11. It is .... since ...
“it” 两项重点用法Mar 4. 2011 这两项重点用法指的是强调句和it做形式成分。 一.强调句: 一）陈述句： It + is / was + 被强调部分+ that / who … ( 强调人时可用who ) I met Tom in the street yesterday. 针对各个划线部分变强调句： 1) It was I that met Tom in the street yesterday. 2) It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday. 3) It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday. 4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street. 二）一般疑问句： 1) Was it I that met Tom in the street yesterday? 2) Was it Tom that I met in the street yesterday? 3) Was it in the street that I met Tom yesterday? 4) Was it yesterday that I met Tom in the street? 三）特殊疑问句： 1) Who was it that met Tom in the street yesterday? 2) Who was it that I met in the street yesterday? 3) Where was it that I met Tom yesterday? 4) When was it that I met Tom in the street? 四）特殊疑问句作宾语从句： I forgot… 1) I forgot who it was that met Tom in the street yesterday. 2) I forgot who it was that I met in the street yesterday. 3) I forgot where it was that I met Tom yesterday. 4) I forgot when it was that I met Tom in the street. 结论：特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，主谓词序正常。 五）判断强调句的方法： “It is / was … that…” 这个框架拿掉以后，句子仍然成立。 高考题： I just wonder ___ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is （D ） 难点： I did not go to bed until midnight. It was not until midnight that I went to bed. 二. It 做形式成分：形式宾语和形式主语