全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题
课程代码：00830
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%×10=20%)
1. According to Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by.
A. language
B. langue
C. parole
D. competence
2. V owels can be classified in terms of each of the following ways except _______.
A. position of the tongue
B. openness of the mouth
C. manner of articulation
D. shape of the lips
3. There are _______ morphemes in the word “frightening.”
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
4. A s peaker’s knowledge of his/her native language which is internalized in the mind of the speaker is not a complete list of words and phrases, but _______ of grammatical knowledge.
A. a rule system
B. phrase structure rules
C. movement rules
D. transformational rules
5. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.
A. word
B. utterance
C. phrase
D. sentence
6. Speaker A: I’m out of petrol.
Speaker B: There’s a garage round the corner.
Speaker B is violating the maxim of _______.
A. quantity
B. quality
C. relation
D. manner
7. _______, vowels tend to be nasalized before nasal consonants because it is difficult to time the lowering of the velum to produce nasality with the consonant articulation.
A. Psychologically
B. Sociologically
C. Culturally
D. Physiologically
8. A typical example of a _______ community is an ethnic ghetto where most, if not all, of its inhabitants are either immigrants or children of immigrants.
A. diglossic
B. bilingual
C. pidginized
D. creolized
9. Which of the following mental functions is NOT under the control of the right hemisphere in most people?
A. Holistic reasoning.
B. Temporal ordering.
C. Visual and spatial skills.
D. Recognition of patterns.
10. Which of the following choices CANNOT be considered as individual learner factors affecting the acquisition of a second language?
A. Aptitude.
B. Motivation.
C. Interference.
D. Personality.
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)
11. Cultural t refers to the fact that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker, and they are not simply biologically passed on from generation to generation.
12. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s features, which are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. 13. D affixes are added to an existing form to create a word. This is a very common way to create new words in English.
14. A c sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.
15. If we say “The baby is crying,” we must be talking about a certain baby crying in a certain situation; the word “baby” means a baby known to both the speaker and the hearer, which is the r of the word “baby” in this particular situation.
16. You can say “I swear he is the liar,” “I believe he is the liar,” or “I guess he is the liar.” All these utterances share the same i point of saying something the speaker believes to be true, but they obviously differ in the force of their statement.
17. In an a process, successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another in terms of place or manner of articulation, or of haplology.
18. In sociolinguistic studies, a pidginized dialect may expand and eventually become the native language of a certain population, which is known as c .
19. In general, brain damage or blood-clotting in one hemisphere may be accompanied by paralysis of the limbs on the o side of the body.
20. According to Stephen Krashen, a refers to the gradual and subconscious development
