苏教版初中英语语法
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中考复习系列一词汇
一、中考对词汇的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1、能正确拼写大纲词汇表中的常用单词；
2、掌握大纲词汇表中所列全部单词的词文，并了解其词类（词性）；
3、了解构词法的基本知识，并根据此知识判断常用词的合成词与派生词的词义和词类，例如：drive -driver, use -useful;
4、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；
5、理解词类转化，例如：water （n.） -water （v.）
二、词汇考查点分项说明：
1、掌握大纲词汇表，了解词类
1）大纲词汇表中所列的词汇基本上为1至6册课本中所列的四会单词（即书后单词表中
不带任何符号的单词）。要求同学们把所列单词的词义完全掌握。在此基础上，了解其词类
（词性）。尤其注意要在情景中运用该词，而不是孤立地去记忆某个单词。
2 ）针对大纲词汇表中的常用单词，一定要能做到正确拼写。该项知识常以单词拼写的形式来考查学生，但一般无难题，基本属于送分题。出题范围主要是大纲中的一、二级词汇，也有可能出现非大纲词汇，但一般为常用词汇，尽管不在大纲中出现，却通常在课文中出现
过。
请看以下几道例题：
1. Shan ghai is a large c t in China.
2. Adam ofte n helps me a lot. He is my best f nd.
3. I can ' t carry the box. It . . v _s too h
4. The man is very poor. He had no m _ n _ _ to buy food.
5. ---How ofte n do you play football?
---Tw _____ a week.
6. My grandparents like growing flowers. They w _ t ___ t he flowers everyday.
7. Summer is the hottest s _son in the year.
8. --- Can you sp - _ _ the word?
---Yes. T-A-B-L-E, table.
9. He was so excited that he couldn ' t_f_ l asleep last night.
10. Every one had a good time at the party. It was a p __ s ____ e ve ning.
（Key 1. city 2. friend 3. heavy 4. money 5. twice 6. water 7. seas on 8. spell 9. fall 10. pleasa nt ）
3）了解英文的词类：
英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类：名词、代词、数词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词、感叹词。
在上述的十大词类中，名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义，可
以在句中独立充当句子成分，称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用，都不在句子中担任任何成分，称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分，通常作独立成分。
2、了解构词法的基本知识
在英语中，一个单词往往与其它词在结构上有联系，把这些联系的规律总结出来就是构词法。构词的方法主要有派生、转化和合成等三种。
1）派生法
在一个单词前或词尾加上一个词缀，从而变成一个新词的方法叫做派生法。加在单词前的
词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
1 ?常用前缀
2?常用后缀
（二）转化法
转化法是指基本不改变单词的词形，而将其转用为另一词类词。单词转化后的意义常与转化前的意义有密切的联系。
May I have a look ? 我可以看一看吗？（动词转化为名词）
Let him have a try. 让他试试。（动词转化为名词）
Can we book the tickets ahead? 我们能提前定票吗？（名词转化为动词）
The hall can seat thousa nds of people.大厅能坐数千人。（名词转化为动词）
She had to busy herself with housework. 她不得不忙于家务活。（形容词转化成动词）You' d bettee mpty the bottle first.你最好把瓶子先倒空。（名词转化为动词）
It ' s necessary to know the differenee betweeright and wrong.
有必要知道对错之间的区别。（形容词转化成名词）
They often help the poor.
他们经常帮助穷人。（形容词转化成名词）
We bega n to drive n orth.
我们开始向北行驶。（名词转化成副词）
There were lots of ups and dow ns in his life.
他的一生中有许多的起起落落。（副词转化成名词）
（三）合成法
把两个或两个以上的单词合成为一个单词，这种构词法成为合成法。
1合成形容词
He is a white-collar clerk. 他是一名白领职员。
He is an ope n-m in ded leader.他是一名思想开明的领导。
What a kin d-hearted girl! 多幺好心的女孩！
This is a good-look ing a table. 这是一张好看的桌子。
Taki ng a taxi is time-savi ng. 乘坐出租车很省时。
He has heard the heart-breaking news.他已经听说了这个令人心碎的消息。
It ' s dangerous to walk on thice-covered road.
行走在这条被冰覆盖的路上是很危险的。
How much is the hand-made model? 那个手工制作的模型多少钱？
Chin ese people are hard-work ing. 中国人民是勤劳的。
2 ?合成名词
This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。
Do you often play basketball? 你经常打篮球吗？
Her han dwrit ing is much better than mi ne. 她的书法比我的要好得多。
The wait in g-room is quite crowded. 候车室里相当拥挤。
The water in the swim min g-pool is clear, like a blue mirror.
游泳池里的水很清澈，像一面镜子。
Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
He pla nts lots of flowers in his gree n-house. 他在温室里种了许多花。
They are play ing games on the playgro und. 他们在操场上做游戏。
The get-together will begin at 8:00 pm. 联欢会将于晚上八点开始。
He is my brother-i n-law. 他是我的姐夫。
I ' m not good-for-nothing. 我并不是一个无用之人。
The pla nt is called forget-me-n ot.这种植物叫含羞草。
Please air-dry the paper. 请将纸风干。
He is undergoing great suffering.他正在遭受巨大的痛楚.。
It ' s hardWhite-wash the huge wall.粉刷这面大墙是很难的。
The man was blacklisted.这个人被列入了黑名单。
4 ?合成副词
She lives downstairs.她住在楼下。
If you look eastwards, you can see the sea.女口果你往东看，能够看至U大海。
3、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；
1) 初中阶段比较常见的短语：
同学们应该根据自己手头的现行教材，将1至6册中出现过的常见短语进行归纳总结, 于其中比较容易混淆的短语要弄清楚它们之间的区别。
2) 初中阶段比较常见的习语有：
1. too …to
2. so.. that …
3. It ' s time for sb. to do sth.
4. both ….and..
5. either …or …
6. neither …nor …
7. not …until …
8. not only …but also …
9. as…as…
10. not as (so) …as …
11. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
12.lt ' s good (bad) for …
13. as soon as
14. used to do
15. some …others …
16. be angry with …
17. be differe nt from
18. one …the other …
19. take sb. to a place
20. Thank you for doing sth.
21. get ready to do sth.
22. …。ne of …
23. get on well with …
24. sb. spend …on …
25. buy …for …
26. be in terested in …
27. You ' d better …
28. ask sb. (not) to do sth.
29. enjoy doing
30. be good at …
在英语中，不少词可以属于几个词类，如water(水、浇水；名词和动词);work (工作; 动词和名词)，fast (快；形容词和副词)，si nee (自从；介词和连词)等。
三、巩固练习
①根据句意补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
1. What colour is Ann's skirt? It's r ____ d.
2. We ofte n play g __ mes after school.
3. Put your r __ ler and your pen in the pen cil-box.
4. My pare nts work f __ ve days a week.
5. There are a lot of cars and buses in the str t.
6. D on't ope n the wind __ . It's cold outside.
7. How do you usually go to school? By b__ k __.
8. ________________________________ There are a lot of flowers in the g __ d
9. Wi nter comes after a _ n.
10. Trees turn gr _ n in spri ng.
11. L__sson One is easy.
12. Can you make a c__ke?
13. This box is small. Give me a b__g one.
14. A d__g is running after a cat.
15. We cl __ n the classroom every day.
②根据句子意思完成单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
1.If you are ill , you must go to h ______ .
2. We all kn ow Beijing is the c ____ of Chi na .
3. D ______ ,25th is Christmas Day .
4. We can see s ______ at ni ght whe n it's fine .
5. You can come here b ____ 8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow .
6.1 hope you have a good time on you j _____ .
7.Could you tell me w ______ the n earest post office is ?
③根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. There are two ______ in the basket. (egg)
2. This is my pen cil. That one is _____ . (your)
3. Who is _____ , Tom, Mike or Jack ? (tall)
4. We live on the _____ floor. (twe nty)
5. I can see three _______ o n the desk. (pe n)
6. This room is _______ . It is n't yours. (our)
7. “ Can I borrow your ruler? ”“ Certa inly. Here _____ are. ” (your)
8. Lin Lin is the ____ in our class. (young)
9. We live on the _____ floor. (seve n)
10. Li Lei is ______ than Lin Tao. (old)
11. The Changjiang River is the ______ river in China, (long)
12. Wei Hua gave me two ____ yesterday.(book)
13. That pen isn't yours. It's _____ .(her)
14. The_____ less on is very easy.(six)
15. John is _____ than Sam.(tall)
16. Ca n you help ____ with my En glish? (I)
④根据汉语提示完成句子
1、我用了两个小时修车。
It ______ me two hours _______________ the bike.
2、直到妈妈回来时，他才完成作业。
He _____ finish his homework _______ his mother came back.
3、他和我都不是老师。
_____ he _______ I am a teacher.
4、他从小就对数学感兴趣。
He became _______ in maths whe n he was ________ .
5、你最好乘火车。
You'd _____________ a trai n.
6、是时候上车了。
It's time to ____________ the bus.
7、珠江是中国的第三最长的河流。
Zhujia ng river is ______ _________ __________ __________ i n China .
三、巩固练习参考答案
①根据句意补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
1. red
2. games
3. ruler
4. five
5. street
6. window
7. bike
8. garde n
9. autu mn 10. green 11. Lesson
12. cake 13. big 14. dog 15. clea n
②根据句子意思完成单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
1. hospital
2. capital
3. December
4. stars
5. betwee n
6. journey
7. where
③根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. eggs
2. yours
3. the tallest
4. twentieth
5. pens
6. ours
7. you
8. youngest
9. seve nth 10. older 11. lo ngest 12. books 13. hers 14. sixth 15. taller 16. me
④根据汉语提示完成句子
1. took, to mend/ repair/ fix
2. didn ' t, until
3. Neither, nor
4. in terested, young
5. better take
6. get on
7. the third Ion gest
中考复习系列二名词、代词和冠词