2 the major
historical and political divisions in Stuart Britain. ) 2. Pamphlets & tracts
Areopagitica论出版自由;
The Defense of the English people为英国人民声辩;
The Second Defense of the English people再为英国
人民声辩;
3. poems
Paradise Lost失乐园;
Paradise Regained复乐园;
Samson Agonistes力士参
and self-determination
3. the urgent issues and
political turbulence
4. achieved international
renown within his lifetime.
Special Features
1. Rich and complex texture,
multiplicity of the classical
(Biblical and mythological)
references, wealth of
ornament and decoration
2. Subjects are magnificent
3. The characters are human
and believable
4. In the ending, life not death
is triumphant
Influence
Romantic poets William Blake
and Percy Shelley, who saw
Satan as the real hero of the
poem and a rebel against the
tyranny of Heaven........Winston
Churchill
3 Daniel Defoe
丹尼尔·迪福
1660-1731
1. The Father
of the English
Fiction
2. first
important
English
novelist 标志
着近代英国小
说的形成
3. versatile
多产的
Fiction
Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719
Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720
Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》1722
A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记事》1722
Non-fiction
The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《消灭不同教派的捷
径》
Poems
Hymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison. imitated
the lyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .
The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his first
ironic poem & the most successful poem.
Artistic features:
1. D had a gift for organizing
minute detail---both credible
and fascinating.
2. His sentences are
sometimes short and
plain,sometimes long and
rambling---an impression of
casual narration.
3. His language is smooth,
easy, and mostly vernacular地
方的.
everything is common English
at its best instead of artificial..
3.His novels enjoy a
popularity among middle
class.
Theme
1. Sings the praises of labour
2. Beautifies the colonialism
3. Reflects the aggressive and
brave image of the rising
English bourgeoisie
Defoe and Swift
They are the forerunners of English fiction.
Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding
The maturity of the English novel doesn’t come until they appear.
Real beginning of English Romanticism:
publication of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge 3. Aestheticism
~~Aestheticism places art above life.
~~According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective.
~~Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.
~~This was one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.