托福TOEFL听力必背120个重要习语
above all - most importantly
account for - explain
as a matter of fact - in fact ,to speak the truth
as a rule - generally ;normally
about to - be ready to;be on the point of doing something
an old hand - be an experienced persom
any day now -soon
approach sb -talk to sb
be fed up with - be out of patience with
be on one’s own - live independently
be on the safe side - take no chances
be out of something - have no longer in supply
be tired of - be bored with ,frustrated with
be up to ones’ears - be extremely busy
be up to someone -be a person’s responsibility
be out for -trying to get
be out of the question - be unacceptable ,impossible
bite off more than one can chew - take on more than onecanhandle break down - cease to n
break the ice - begin to be friendly wuth people onedoesn’tknow break the news - inform or give bad news
brush up on - imporve noe’s knowledge of somethingthroughstudy bump into - meet unexpectedly
by and large - in general
by heart - by memory
by all means - absolutely ,definitely
by no means - in no way
call off -cancel
cheer up - be happy
come down with - become sick with
come into -receive,especially after another’s death
come up with - think of
count on - depend upon
count out - eliminate
die down - become quiet ,become less
do without - manage without something
drop by - visit informally; pay a short visit
every other - alternate
fall behind - lag; fail to accomplish something on time
fall through - fail to happen or be completed
far cry form - completely different from;a long way
feel like - have a desire or wish for
feel up to - feel well enough to or be capabele of
TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则 1．听见什么，选什么原则 该原则为“TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则”之首，因为其它九大原则都建立在它的基础之上。 2．重复原则 听段子时，要特别注意那些“重复率高的词或概念”。因为重复率高的东西容易引起我们听者的注意。毕竟托福的测试对象是我们这些把英语作为第二语言的人，所以ETS 的考点也只能是那些对我们而言，通过努力能听懂的地方。 Bonus: 段子中“重复率最高的词或概念”很可能就是这个段子的主题（TOPIC）。 3．建议原则 听段子时，要特别注意那些“含有建议含义的词或结构”。因为无论段子还是对话，建议的地方永远做考点。 Multiply: 历年TOEFL听力段子中最常考的建议类结构汇编： 1） You should 2） I suggest / I propose / I recommend 3） proposal / tips / suggestion / advice/ recommedation 4） had better do sth. / be better off doing sth. 5）How about…? / What about…? 6）Why not…? / Why don’t you…? 7）If I were you, I would…/ I wouldn’t… 8）Would it make things go faster if you…? 9）Maybe / Perhaps you… 10) How does … sound? 4．强调原则 乍听上去，强调原则显得很笼统。其实具体可分为两大类：语义强调和语气、语调强调。 语义强调包括含义强调、解释强调、举例强调、级别强调、结论强调、对比强调等六种。 语气、语调强调包括重音强调、停顿强调、清晰强调等三种。 下面我们就来一一论述，先讲“语义强调的六大分支”。 1）含义强调： 听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上就给我们以震撼或触动的词或结构”。比如：“Especially”一词后面的内容一定是考点，因为它本身就表示“尤其是”，体现了ETS的“求异思想”。再比如：“new theory”周围也一定存在考点，因为这体现了ETS的“求新思想”。有时ETS为强调某事，还特意用一些极其显而易见的表达方式提醒我们，例如：“indeed（真正得）”、“certainly（当然）”、“Just remember （一定要记住）”、“And again.（再说一遍）”、“special feature（特殊的特征）”、“Most importantly（最为重要的是）”、“One thing I should mention（我应该提及的是……）”、“Make / Be sure to…（一定要……）”等等。更多的含义强调词还靠大家自己积累和体会。 2）解释强调： 听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上带有解释性质的词或结构”。比如：“…,
2016年托福阅读长难句式中的复杂问题解析 托福阅读中难句的把握技巧至关重要，因为段落中的难句可能就涉及到文章的思想内容，所以我们面对托福阅读的难句也应该有一套对策，那么具体应该怎么做呢。以下把握难句的技巧就送给大家。希望给备考新托福的同学提供正确有效的学习与应试方法。 除了词汇量较大以外，句子结构复杂也是托福阅读的障碍之一。面对难句，必须迅速把握其主干和重点，因为考试时涉及答案的主要是句子的主干和重点，对于句子简化题(sentence simplification)尤其如此。要把握难句的主干和重点，首先要弄清它们的类型。简而言之，托福中的难句主要包括下列类型： 1.定语(包含后置定语与定语从句) 2.同位语 3.并列结构 4.that引导的各种从句 5.插入结构 6.独立主格 7.倒装句 8.强调句 9.虚拟语气 对于不同类型的难句，把握主干的方法也不一样。以倒装句为例，主要有下列情况： 1.方位副词放在句首 Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。 2.介词放在句首 Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。 3. 形容词放在句首 Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。 4.过去分词放在句首 Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。 5.现在分词放在句首 Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。 句子倒装的目的主要有两个： 一是被提前的部分被强调，如上述的第四句：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are 之后：Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前，是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡，否则将导致头重脚轻的效果，如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例，按照正常语序应该是：Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕，因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans)，
听力训练：托福考试听力真题100个短语 1 a change of pace 节奏变换 You can’t do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace. 2 a far cry from 相距甚远 The published book is far cry from the early manuscript. 3 and how 的确 A: She’s a good dancer. B: and how. 4 a matter of time 时间问题 It is only a matter of time. 5 a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。 If you need my help, do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away. 6 a while back 不久以前 7 all along 一直 I knew it all along. 8 anything but 绝对不 I was anything but happy about going.
9 account for 解释 How do you account for it? 10 after all 到底 A: I’ve just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine, B: I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all. 11 allergic to 对|……过敏 Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something. 12 at sb’s service 愿为某人服务 I am at your service at any time. 13 around the clock 24小时不停 Martha studied around the clock for management exam. 14 as far as I know 就我所知 15 at home with 对…..很熟悉 She is at home with problems like this. 16 back out 1) 退出 A: Wasn’t Bert supposed to sing tonight? B: Yes, but he backed out at last minute
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文 12月16日 1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface,the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. (定语后置in some ways… 由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力,深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境,在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures, 分句1是分句3的原因状语 分句3是整个长句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定语,修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是: 原因状语+主句+后置定语 这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分,但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
托福听力十大黄金原则 第一节TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则我深信，这十大原则不仅适用于TOEFL听力的段子，也适用于其它比如IELTS，四、六级，考研等考试的听力段子。可以说：一次学会，一劳永逸。 1．听见什么，选什么原则该原则为“TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则”之首，因为其它九大原则都建立在它的基础之上。 2．重复原则听段子时，要特别注意那些“重复率高的词或概念”。因为重复率高的东西容易引起我们听者的注意。毕竟托福的测试对象是我们这些把英语作为第二语言的人，所以ETS的考点也只能是那些对我们而言，通过努力能听懂的地方。Bonus: 段子中“重复率最高的词或概念”很可能就是这个段子的主题（TOPIC）。 3．建议原则听段子时，要特别注意那些“含有建议含义的词或结构”。因为无论段子还是对话，建议的地方永远做考点。Multiply: 历年TOEFL听力段子中最常考的建议类结构汇编：1）You should 2）I suggest / I propose / I recommend 3）proposal / tips / suggestion / advice/ recommedation 4）had better do sth. / be better off doing sth. 5）How about…? / What about…? 6）Why not…? / Why don’t you…? 7）If I were you, I would…/ I wouldn’t… 8）Would it make things go faster if you…? 9）Maybe / Perhaps you… 10) How does … sound? 4．强调原则乍听上去，强调原则显得很笼统。其实具体可分为两大类：语义强调和语气、语调强调。语义强调包括含义强调、解释强调、举例强调、级别强调、结论强调、对比强调等六种。语气、语调强调包括重音强调、停顿强调、清晰强调等三种。下面我们就来一一论述，先讲“语义强调的六大分支”。 1）含义强调：第一节TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上就给我们以震撼或触动的词或结构”。比如：“Especially”一词后面的内容一定是考点，因为它本身就表示“尤其是”，体现了ETS的“求异思想”。再比如：“new theory”周围也一定存在考点，因为这体现了ETS的“求新思想”。有时ETS为强调某事，还特意用一些极其显而易见的表达方式提醒我们，例如：“indeed（真正得）”、“certainly（当然）”、“Just remember（一定要记住）”、“And again.（再说一遍）”、“special feature（特殊的特征）”、“Most importantly（最为重要的是）”、“One thing I should mention（我应该提及的是……）”、“Make / Be sure to…（一定要……）”等等。更多的含义强调词还靠大家自己积累和体会。 2）解释强调：听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上带有解释性质的词或结构”。比如：“…, which is / that is…（那就是说……）”显然，“which is / that is…”引导的定语从句是ETS为防止我们考生听不懂前面的内容（生僻的词或概念），而特意添加上去，用来进一步加以解释的。所以这种解释性的定语从句理所当然就成了强调考点所在的重要标志。类似的结构如“What I mean is…”、“All that means is…”等等不胜枚举。 3）举例强调：听段子时，要特别注意那些“带有举例或列举性质的词或结构”。比如：“for example…（例如……）”因为例子总比道理简单易懂得多。ETS清楚地知道：考生明白了后面的举例，自然也就理解了前面的概念，然后再考前面的概念也就顺理成章了。这点显然跟解释原则类似。所以这种举例或列举式的结
托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理托福听力尤其是对话类素材因为是对话形式，因此其内容的语速往往较快，许多时候考生还没来得及记下关键信息对话就已经过去了。下面就和大家分享托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理托福听力对话类conversation12个出题点汇总1. 开头提到的原因必考，结尾提到的建议必考。必须记笔记，知道问题发生的原因和最后的解决方案是什么。2. 开头提到的本次主题必考。即是到底要去解决什么问题!通常坐落于原因现状提出之后。3. 重复两次的地方必考。也就是同一个问题讨论两次的点。4. 强调句型，多引出分论点，是考点。It is that……; This is the first time……; One thing important is that……等等。5. 针对上下文明显的肯定或者否定的回答，通常用副词做表态：exactly; absolutely;definitely; It’s a good question等等，这些表达后面跟的内容都是必考的。6. 对话段子中主论点伴随有定义或者举例的部分，必考(通常考配对表格题)。7. 难点的解释说明部分，也就是同位语表达，必考，通常是提出一个新的概念(核心概念)。8. 对话段子中引用的之前或者其他观点必考。比如：It was commonly accepted that…… 这些以前的观点也是很重要的，用以反照出现在的状况。9. 形容词和副词最高级后面的点非常重要。10. 一定注意教授跑题的内容，这是话题的转移，如突然转到布置作业等。这些都是非常重要的第二部分内容笔记。11. 教授对学生的警告或建议必考。12. 一定注
托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧 今天给大家带来了托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧 与其他英语水平考试的不同点就在于，托福的听力考试是提前看不到任何听力题目或文本的，这时我们就不可能依靠提前审题和划出关键信息去预判考点答案了。且在每篇音频材料时长都超过4分钟有时甚至长达6分钟时我们不能仅仅依靠记忆来把所有的关键信息记下来，毕竟内容量太大，预先也不知道题目到底考的是哪个细节。所以托福听力中，笔记不仅是必要的而且还是必需的。今天我们就来跟大家一起分享一下托福听力的10大笔记技巧。 1.主要内容原则 我们在听conversation和lecture时，常常会在开头几句话听到这样的句子“professor，I need to talk to you about some problems I came across about….. ””Today, our topic is …..”这一类的句子，我们称之为主旨句，往往在这些句子之后全文的主旨都会直白的说出来，而主旨题几乎是每篇*的必考(且会是每篇*
音频结束后的题)，那么我们在听到这些句子时就要明白，后面要说出来的这句话笔记上必须要记下来。 2.重要细节原则 在我们听力过程中，*都是有(上一点)我们需要记录的主旨的，全文也是就这样的话题来展开。这时，音频中的某个部分突然提到了另一个看似不相关的object，这个object的突然出现在便是重要的细节点。它或许是要与主旨内容相对比、衬托、强调等;具体的作用会在后面提到。我们要做的就是，听到与主旨物并不相关的细节物品时，把它(和后面的描述)记下来。这一部分在细节题的题目中常会考到。 3.重复原则 顾名思义，同样一件事情或物品，在描述了次之后，还会再提一次，再说明一次;在这时，我们要明白，通过“重复”这件事描述者其实就是在暗示它的重要性，所以音频中出现的重复率较高的内容点需要仔细记录。 4.强调原则 音频中若出现“please payattention to this…”(直接强调)，”in particular”(递进式的强调)等相同性质的句子，其实是在通过强调来吸引听者的注意，否则完全可以平铺直叙不需要强调它。这时我们需要明白其后面要描述的内容点笔记重要应当加以记录。
老托福听力93篇(33-34)-Today I want to talk about 33 Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major climatic shift, at the end of the last ice age. But first, let's back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined "climate" as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the Earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the Earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the Earth's surface as heat. Land, water, and ice each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, to date, our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn't keep us from speculating. For instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the Earth's surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time. 【生词摘录】 1. climatic: adj. connected with the weather in a particular area 气候的 2. ice age: one of the long periods of time, thousands of years ago, when ice covered many northern countries 冰川期，冰河时代 3. consistent: adj. always having the same beliefs, behavior, attitudes, quality etc(信仰、行为、态度、品质等)一贯的，一致的;始终如一的 4. disturb: v. to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing by asking a question, making a noise etc 干扰，打扰;使中断 5. radiate: v. if something radiates light or heat, or if light or heat radiates from something, it is sent out in all directions 辐射(光或热);(向四面八方)发射 6. crude: adj. not developed to a high standard or made with great skill 粗制的 7. approximation: n. [C]a number, amount etc that is not exact, but is almost correct 概算，近似值 8. hypothesis: n. [C]plural hypotheses, an idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, proving and idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说 9. speculate: v. to think or talk about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts or details 猜测，推测 10. disperse: v. if something disperses or is dispersed, it spreads over a wide area(使)消散;(使)分散 11. cooling: n.[U]the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature 冷却 34 I know you're anxious to get your permits and get started. But there're just a few things I'd like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay. First of all, make sure you carry adequate water. You'll need it if you're hiking, especially in this heat. A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon per person per day this time of year. Don't try to rely on the park's natural springs to supply all your water needs. And please, do not use soap in the springs. It's your responsibility to protect the park's natural features. For those of you staying beyond the weekend, make sure that you set up camp well away from dry creekbeds. We may get some heavy rainfall, and those creekbeds could quickly
实例深度分析如何看懂托福阅读长难句 朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露 就目前大陆考区学生所接触的北美地区四类热门考试（TOEFL， SAT， GRE， GMAT）的难度而言，TOEFL的难度系数是最低的。在实际教学中，笔者发现经常有一些基础很弱的同学在阅读托福文章的过程中喜欢把所有生词的汉语意思全查出来，但是做题的正确率依然很低。在单词的意思已经知道的情况下为什么还是不会做题？很多基础差的同学虽然了解了每个单词的意思，但是当这些独立的单词组合成一句长难句的时候就看不懂了，也就是长难句分析能力太差。长难句分析能力差不仅会影响阅读速度和阅读准确性，而且还会影响某些题型的正确率。因为在托福阅读十大题型当中，句子简化题、事实信息题和推理题这几种题型都直接或间接地在考察学生分析长难句的能力。朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家认为，在面对长难句时，考生一定不能“只见树木（单词），不见森林（结构）”，句子主干部分永远比修饰部分要重要。下面就来谈一谈托福阅读真题当中的长难句结构类型。 一、定语从句 首先，定语从句应该是托福阅读最喜欢考察的结构，一般可以将其分为两种：单层定语从句结构和多层定语从句结构。 1. 单层定语从句结构：指整个句中包含一个或两个并列关系的定语从句。 例：包含一个定语从句的情况 In the late 1700s James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine that was soon applied to a variety of industrial uses as it became cheaper to use. （TPO 26 Energy and the Industrial Revolution） 解析：该句是that引导的定语从句 固定搭配： （be） applied to应用于 a variety of很多…。。. 词汇： viable=practicable=feasible=practical=possible （adj.）切实可行的 variety=category=group=lot （n.）种类 翻译：十七世纪末，James Watt设计了一种高效并且可商用的蒸汽机，随着其价格降低，很快被应用于各种工业。
听力十大必背xx 1.文科xx： 艺术类音乐 2.理科xx： 天文学 In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000years ago;the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not.Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses,the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical,It the earth was a flat disc,then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse.The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south,in the more northerly regions,the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth,a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000stadium,that's the plural of the world stadium.Today,it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents,but let's say it was about 200meters,the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented. 3.文科xx： 文学名著
托福听力中你会遇到的10大难题 托福听力是托福考试中的考试大项，除了阅读之外都和听力有关。那么对于托福考生来说，有哪些问题需要考生注意的呢? 1. 听不清 “听不清”是很多同学开始练习听力时面临的问题，突出表现是听到单词或短语反应不出来。听力考试考察的是单词的听觉形象，所以重要的是单词的发音，意思，而不是单词的拼写。最好从一开始就养成大声朗读英文的习惯，具体而言：短单词注意读准(元音要发得饱满，辅音要发得到位，易混音注意区分)，多音节单词要注意重音的位置，短语要注意是否包含连读和失爆等语音现象。 让我们试着读读下列单词： stratigraphy，seismology，planetarium，thermodynamics (长单词重音) inside out, run out of gas (连读)，upside down, turned down (失爆)，toss and turn (连读+失爆) 2. 听得断断续续 “听得断断续续”突出的表现是句子只能接收到个别单词的意思，无法抓住重点。听段落只记得个别句子，无法抓住主题。这个现象主要由2个原因导致，1 听力长句断句有问题，抓不住意群2 听的材料过短 让我们读一下下面两个长句，试试断句 1. What is interesting is that studies have been done that suggest that the animal’s environment may play a part in determining what kind of behavior it displays。. 2. One of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas and then replanting flower that humming birds feed on。 听力专业段落中有很多这样的长句，我们可以在做完题之后，挑选一些长句，做做断句练习，看看这个长句可以停顿几次，在哪几个单词后停顿，哪几个单词构成一个完整的意群。托福[微博]听力和阅读练习的一大重点都是长难句的理解。 另外，随着听力段落长度的不断增加，也能有效地帮助我们慢慢地适应从句子层面而不是单个单词层面去理解它 3. 听清楚了，但没明白
托福阅读长难句解决方法解析 托福阅读长难句解决方法 首先：长句子。 A few art collectors Tames Bowdoi n of Bost on, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement. A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective communities the idea and the need. 对于这样一个句子，大家要做的就是找到这个句子的核心主干（即主谓宾）注意后半部分嵌入了倒装句established in their respective communities the idea and the need, establish是及物动词，后面却加了介词in,说明此处有倒装, 还原正常语序应是established the idea and the need in their respective communitieso倒装出现的意义在于idea和need在原句中的后置定语（即蓝色划线部分）太长，为了防止头重脚轻。 在原句中，是有人名是并列的不知道大家有没有发现，也是本句主语art collectors的同位语。其中还有一部分是colonists的非谓语动词后置定语，还—个部分是插入语用来进一步解释art collectorso 综上所述，本句运用了多种语法结构（并列，倒装，同位语，后置定语，插入语）把主干部分分割得支离破碎，如果对这些语法结构不熟悉的同学肯定会一下子摸不着头脑。而如果能够尽最大努力把握其用法，那么对阅读的速度和正确率的提升都有很大帮助。 以上这个句子我们就可以这样翻译：儿位艺术收藏家（此处省略儿位艺术家名字）将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱负的艺术家们，并在他们各自的社区建立了艺术具有价值的观念和致力于鼓励其发展的机构的需要。 其次：长文章 新托福阅读的文章篇幅一般都是在700字以上，而这么长的文章主要就是山简单句和一些复杂的长难句组成，除了句子理解外，为了更好的解题考生还应该了解文章段落和文章结构。面对比较长的段落和文章，要在短时间内快速抓住重点信息，做对题目，那么对文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG 真题文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States 的段落为例来讲解。
托福听力五大题型备考建议 本文介绍了新托福听力部分中六大题型的答题技巧，以及考生在备考中应该采取的复习方法和时间安排。这五种题型分别是：主旨题、功能/目的题、细节题、态度/推断和排序题。 （一）托福听力五大题型备考建议： 所谓最大的技巧就是“反命题”，知己知彼，才能百战不殆。想要在听力部分取得高分，不仅是在刚开始接触IBT听力时，乃至当临考的冲刺阶段在做官方样题时，也一定要将ETS 的出题思路和考核要点贯彻始终。 1、主旨题 一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处，而重复的最多往往一定是主旨！在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项； 2、功能/目的题 该题型类似于主旨题，对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能去理解细节，做推断。 3、细节题 主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension)，除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding)和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力（connecting information）。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重，可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。 对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。对于细节题，大家要把握两个原则：第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，影响后面的发挥；第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。 4、态度/ 推断 对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测；而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。 推断题把握一条原则：正确选项往往不是文章中的直接表述，可能通过同意互换的方式来设置陷阱，迷惑考生。
A Parking Sticker 1 What is the student’s situation? A. She wants to buy another parking sticker B. She needs to pay a parking ticket C. She is trying to get her first parking sticker D. She would like to get a credit card 2 How is the student going to pay? A With cash B With a check C With a credit card D With a debit card 3 What does the student NOT need to do? A Complete a form B Show identification C Pay a fee D Bring her car 4 Where does the sticker go? (2 answers) A On the front window B On the back window C On the right side D On the left side 5 What is stated about parking on campus? A Students may not park in colored areas. B Campus parking areas are distinguished by color C Areas marked with colors are not for parking D Parking stickers are marked with different colors 6 Who parks in which areas? (2 answers) A Students use blue parking areas B Faculty and staff use blue parking areas C Students use yellow parking areas D Faculty and staff use yellow parking areas