谈谈四级英语作文的写作技巧
大学英语四级考试中，英语作文占15分，要求学生运用所掌握的语言表达能力，按规定的题目及提示（包括提纲、提示和图表），在半小时内写出内容连贯、无重大语法错误的短文，字数不少于120个单词。
鉴于上述要求，考生必须在规定时间内确立写作主题，构思段落，写出符合要求、够一定字数的短文。有些考生看完标题就盲目动笔，东拉西扯，拼凑句子，凑足字数了事，这样往往造成要么偏题、跑题，要么内容零乱，连贯性差。其实要想做到短文内容切题，表意清晰，文字通顺，意思连贯并不是很难。具体写作步骤大体可分为三步，即先审题、再进行段落构思、最后是遣词造句。纵观历年的四级考试的作文题中，约有半数以上属于提纲或提示作文类型的短文。笔者着重谈谈这类说明文、议论文体裁的短文写作技巧。
一、认真审题
审题这一环节至关重要，大学英语四级考试的作文不是自由作文，而是“有控制的”作文。对考生写什么内容有比较明确的要求，用提纲或提示，关键词或图表等加以规定。考生应仔细阅读题目的要求，看清出题方式，是用汉语给出写作提纲，还是用英语给出关键词或段首句，抑或给出图表。然后根据不同命题要求，采取相应的构思对策。
短文的标题是文章内容的高度概括，同一个题目可以从许多不同的侧面进行写作，若自由发挥，写出的作文可能五花八门。为了避免过于笼统、范围过大，命题作文给出的提纲或提示就是要对题目加以限制，限定了文章主题的导向和覆盖范围及体裁。因此，写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，确定文章的主题、中心思想以及文体，明确每段提示的关键词，围绕中心思想搜集、组织材料, 为每段选取最能说明问题，即与文章标题、提纲最为密切的几个要点。所选材料既要“扣题”，又要具有典型性，选择自己感兴趣、熟悉的、有话可说的方面着笔，同时还要考虑自己的表达能力和词汇量。
以作文试题“Make Our Cities Greener”为例，中文提示为；1. 城市绿化的现状；2.绿化的好处（如：清洁空气，美化城市，改善气候等）；3.怎样才能实现绿化。首先明确文章主题与“绿化”有关，再分析提示的关键。第一段提示的关键词是“现状”，第二段的关键是“好处”，第三段的关键是“怎样实现”，这些关键词语全都要围绕“绿化”这一主题。如果这样写：“With the development of industry, a lot of buildings have been erected in a city. The number of motor vehicles is increasing at an amazing speed, which contributes to the deterioration of the environment. The polluted air and water have done a great harm to people’s health.”这段文字描述的是“城市环境的现状”，而不是提示所要求的“城市绿化的现状”，只字未提“植树造林”，“绿化”等，这就离题了。可见认真审题，正确理解提示内容，紧扣主题十分重要，否则很容易造成离题、偏题。
二、段落构思
段落的展开要围绕提纲的内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。提纲或提示作文从结构上看大多由三部分组成：即引言段（introductory part）、扩展段(body part)和结尾段(conclusion part)。每段之中有Topic Sentence（一般放在段首），然后有若干个Supporting Sentences论证、说明该段的主题句，最后是Concluding Sentence（一般放在段末）。建议考生将四级考试的作文写成这种三段式的作文，应注意以下几点：
1. 段落构思要服务于主题。
任何文章都有其主题。文章的结构与层次应紧紧围绕主题展开，服务于主题。每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，考生要按照所给出的提纲或提示构思段落展开模式，综合考虑先写什么，后写什么，何处应重点评述。划分段落时要使每段集中阐述一个问题，保持段落的相对独立性，更要使每个段落都服务于文章的中心，保持短文的整体性。
2. 写好段落主题句。
我们在构思好整体框架后，接下来就要草拟各段主题句，并考虑怎样围绕每一段的主题句来展开。各段的提示是考生在各段需阐述的中心，因此，仔细而认真地研究各段给出的提纲或提示是写好短文的先决条件。只有抓住提示的关键，理解了提示的含义，才能写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句，进而有效地组织起与中心思想有关的素材来扩展主题句。
主题句（T opic Sentence）是用来说明段落的主题思想的，对段落的扩展的突出主题有着举足轻重的作用。主题句是作者思维的起点，扣题的准绳，阐述的对象。主题句设计的好坏直接影响到下面文章的展开，那么怎样草拟主题句呢？
(1) 意义完整。主题句必须是一个包含主题思想的完整的句子，而不是词组短语、思想片断。例如：The importance of physical exercise. 很显然，这只是片语，不能表达一个完整思想，因此不能用作主题句。可改为：More and more people are realizing the importance of physical exercise.
(2) 表意清晰。主题句要清晰明了，不可含糊其词，模棱两可，令读者费解。如：Cars are very important. 这个句子不适合做主题句，因为它没有表达出一个清楚的思想。可改为：Cars play an important role and have brought about great changes in our life.
(3) 内容具体。主题句要明确具体，内涵集中，规定段落的发展脉络，限制主题的覆盖范围，既不能离题又不能超出段落所讨论的范围。例如：Air pollution is controlled. 它虽然语法正确，意思完整，但内容不具体，内涵不集中，没有说明哪里的空气污染，是城市还是农村，某个国家还是全球范围。可改为：Air pollution in our city has been brought under control.
(4) 用词贴切生动。主题句语言要精练，措词贴切生动，富有吸引力，才能给读者或评卷员留下深刻的印象。例如：Planting trees in our cities have many advantages. 其中advantage用得欠妥，改为benefit更贴切，全句可改为：Planting trees in our cities will bring us a lot of benefits. 再比如：Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of a telephone, we must admit that although the telephone sometimes
bring some inconveniences, no one would like to return to the days without telephones. 句中的Weighing 是纯正的英语表达方式，显示出考生的语言水平，为文章增色不少，给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。
3. 段落发展的方法
虽然一篇文章中的所有段落都说明中心思想，但它们是从不同角度阐述问题的，因此每段的发展方法要依据这段论述的具体内容而定，换言之，第一段可能要用举例法，第二段可能要用列举法，第三段要用因果法等等。拟好各段主题句后，要考虑采用什么方法展开阐述论证，考生在实际写作中可综合运用以下四种扩展段落的方法。
(1) 列举法（Listing）多用于说明文和议论文。首先在主题句中提出论点，然后摆出一系列论据或原因进行全面的论证或阐述。列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性、时间、空间等进行。
如：How can people cultivate their reading ability? Firstly,…Secondly,… Thirdly,…
(2) 例证法（Exemplification）
例证法一般也在主题句中提出论点，但与列举法不同的是，列举法侧重罗列事实，所列事实力求全面；而例证法侧重通过具体事例予以论证或阐述，所选事例必须能很好的支撑主题句中的论点。
如：There are different forms of exercises to suit different tastes. For example, those who enjoy competitive sports may take up ball games. If they prefer to exercise alone, they can…Besides, people can…
(3) 比较对照法（Comparison and Contrast）
比较对照法由比较和对照两部分组成，将同类事物进行比较分析，阐述两者或更多事物间的异同，常用于说明文和议论文。比较侧重描述所比对象的相同点，而对照则强调描述对象间的不同、差异。比较对照的结构模式有多种，可以先集中描述甲，再描述乙：甲A、甲B、甲C…; 乙A、乙B、乙C…。也可以甲乙方同时逐点描述：甲A、乙A；甲B、乙B…。
如：Although there are some similarities between the city and the countryside, there still exist great differences between them. Life in the city is more convenient, but it is noisy and crowded. Life in the countryside, on the other hand, is much simpler and comparatively dull. But somehow, the environment there is better. It’s quieter, cleaner and fresher.
(4) 因果法（Cause and effect）
因果法用于阐述原因，分析事物发展的前因后果，也多见于说明文和议论文。通常因果模式有一因一果、一因多果、一果多因和因果链等，开展段落时可采用先因后果或先果后因两种模式。如：Nowadays, there is cheating and dishonest practice in every walk of our life. Why is dishonesty so prevailing? There are plenty of contributing causes, among which, the following ones are particularly worth mentioning. To begin with,…Besides,…Furthermore,…And finally,… Therefore,…
4. 不同段落具体的展开方式：
不同段落阐述的内容不同、目的不同、在文中所起的作用不同，写作时有不同的展开技巧。
(1) 引言段（introductory part）
引言段的目的就是引出主题，确立中心思想。主题的引入要简明生动、引人入胜，这样才能唤
起读者的兴趣与共鸣。
引言段的展开方式主要有以下几种：
a. 通过问题引出主题：
如：What is honesty? Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in the act.
b. 通过谚语或名人名言引入主题：
如：As a French proverb says, “The sleeping wolf doesn’t taste mutton. ”…
c. 通过定义引入主题：
如：A change in which the original substance is turned into a different substance is called a chemical change.
d．通过数据引入主题：
如：Since 1990, there has been tremendous growth in the use of computers by students. While in 1990, the average number of hours a student spent on the computer was about one hour per week, the number grew to nearly 4 hours per week in 1995, and approximately 20 hours per week by the year 2000. e．以对照方式引入主题：
如：It’s generally believed that money is the most important thing in life, but there is no denying that money cannot buy everything.
引言段引入主题的常用语句格式有：
As the proverb says, As Mark Twain puts it…
As we all know,…It’s well known that…
It is generally believed that…, It has been found that…,
It goes without saying that…, It is often said that…,
It is quite clear that…but…, No one can deny that…,
There are many arguments/opinions/views about…,
The chart/table shows that…,
A recent survey provides…, Generally speaking,…等等。
(2) 扩展段(body part)
扩展段与段落中的扩展句相似，只是它以段落的形式出现，它是引言段引出主题后的延伸和发展，是文章的主体部分，必须紧扣主题，选用相关细节和事实依据进行详细解释和论证。它的篇幅较引言段和结尾段较长。扩展段可由一段或数段组成，每段内部各要点间，或多个扩展段之间要注意过渡自然与连贯。要注意：
a. 清晰、详实
扩展段是用来体现文章的主题思想的，因此不可含糊其辞、言之无物，流于空泛，而要清晰、
详实；尽量开阔写作思路，丰富文章内容；同时，扩展段要有较强的说服力，能清楚地表达思想。b．条理分明
为了清楚地表达中心思想，扩展段必须条理分明，脉络清晰，先说什么，后说什么，应有个合理的安排。即上一句要为下一句铺平道路，下一句是上一句的自然延伸，一步一步地论证或叙述主题。
(3) 结尾段(conclusion part)
文章的开头很重要，因为好的开头可以吸引读者，抓住读者的注意力。同样，文章的结尾也很重要，好的结尾会使读者对全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象，增添文章的说服力，让人深思，回味无穷。结尾段与开头遥相呼，使文章在结构上形成一个统一的整体，它的作用就是概括全文，深化主题。结尾段要起到画龙点睛的作用，为文章划上圆满的句号。结尾段可长可短，长的可以与扩展段不相上下，短的一句话即可。
然而在写结尾段时，考生往往“虎头蛇尾”，感觉没的可写，只好重复文章开头的第一句话，或生硬
地喊句口号草草收尾。其实，结尾段的写法多种多样，下面介绍几种常用的方式：
(3) 结尾段(conclusion part)
a. 提问终结法。以问题作为结尾，给读者留下思考和回味的余地。
如：… In fact most of the famous people of our times spent many years studying. Can you name any great man you admire who is mot well educated?
b. 引语终结法。用格言、谚语、习语或名人名言等结尾，即言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。如：… If you follow the above-mentioned suggestions, you will be successful eventually. Let’s remember that where there is a will, there is a way.
c. 综合概括终结法。用几句话概括全文内容，进一步肯定文章中心思想或作者的观点。
如：… To sum up, life in the city is more colorful, while life in the countryside is boring. Now people are making efforts to narrow the gap.
d. 建议忠告终结法。提出建议或发出号召，指明方向。
如：… Therefore, I suggest everyone should find some time every day reading extensively. But it would be better if we could combine extensive reading with selective reading.
e. 观点评论终结法。对比综合上述观点，得出自己的结论。
如：…In my opinion, both academic and social development is essential. We should be disciplined in bookwork and enthusiastic in participation. Thus, we will be effective members of society.
f. 展望或期望终结法。结尾提出对未来的展望或期待读者投入行动。
如：… Obviously, automobiles can bring us both benefits and problems. We hope that satisfactory solutions to these problems will be found soon.
用于结尾段的常用语有：
From this point of view, In a word, In conclusion,
In my opinion, In brief, To sum up,
On the whole, As far as I’m concerned,
It follows that…, It was concluded that…,
As a result, Consequently, Thus, Therefore,
On account of this we can find that…等等。
5. 篇章的连贯性
在写每一段时，我们要注意段落内部的层次感和各层次间的相互连贯以及段落间的连贯。考生通常可使用一些篇章过渡词（organizational marker）来使段落内部的层次鲜明、结构紧凑。过渡词一般为连接性副词或起连接作用的副词短语，它们是连接句与句，段与段的纽带。过渡词能使文章的起、承、转、合融会贯通，连成一体。
篇章连接词语可分为四大类：
(1) 用于“启”的过渡词语：
first of all, firstly, first, in the first place, to begin with, to start with, at present, in recent years, recently, currently等等
(2) 用于“承”的过渡词语：
secondly, second, in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover, then, what is more, surely, obviously, especially, in other words, for example, for instance, in fact, at the same time 等等
(3) 用于“转”的过渡词语：
however, but, nevertheless, otherwise, on the other hand, on the contrary, despite, in spite of, whereas等等
(4) 用于“合”的过渡词语：
finally, at last, as a result, consequently, therefore, in general, to sum up, on the whole, in a word, in short, in conclusion, 等等
文章中句子的上下连贯，段落的过渡衔接，主要靠这些词来体现，恰当地使用篇章连接词语，可使文章富有层次感，条理清楚，脉络分明，更富于连贯性。
三、遣词造句
在具体段落的写作时，涉及到遣词造句的问题。考生下笔要谨慎，避免犯语法错误，误用词汇，谨防汉语式表达，尽量用学过的、见过的句型；同时还要注意句子结构要多样化（variety）。写成一篇好文章的条件很多，其中句子的处理，也起着决定性作用。如果通篇都是清一色的简单句，文章显得呆板，毫无生气。。如果全篇充满了冗长的复合句，读起来也很费力。最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复合句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及缩略成分。总之，根据情况增加句子形式的多样性，使文章灵活多姿。比较这两段文章，看那段写得更好：
He stood on a road corner. The wind was blowing. He was looking into the darkness. He was a foreign tourist. He was aware of losing his was way.
这段文字句式单一，全部使用简单句，虽然意思清楚，但念起来单调乏味，修改后成为：
Standing on a windy road corner and looking into the darkness, the foreign tourist was aware of losing his way.
连成一个较长的简单句后，味道就不同了，句子显得紧凑，有凝固性，突出了内容重点。由此可见，注意句子多样化可以使文章更生动有趣，给人以深刻的印象。
下面列举几种英语写作中常见的错误：
1．（误）China has taken part in WTO.
（正）China has joined WTO.
解析：”take part in”表示参加某个活动，而”join”则表示成为……的一员，词汇误用。
2．（误）If you want to read in our college, you should study hard.
（正）If you wasn’t to be s student in our college, you should study hard.
解析：受母语影响，写出汉语式英语句子。
3．（误）There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
（正）There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.
解析：结构上出现了语法错误。
4．（误）In spite of the face that he is lazy, I like him.
（正）In spite of his laziness, I like him.
解析：言以简洁为贵，避免使用多余或累赘的词。
上述这类语言表达习惯和语法词汇等方面的错误实在不胜枚举，考生平时要通过各种途径扩大词汇量，掌握词汇的准确用法。注意不要死记硬背单词，要结合例句学单词，明确词汇使用的情境。应加强语言基本功的训练，平时多读英语文章，多背一些句型和精彩段落，用时方可得心应手；时刻注意两种语言之间的差异，培养写作文时用英语思维的习惯，避免出现中文式表达。学习英语写作不可一蹴而就，只有通过艰苦的日积月累，才能逐渐减少这方面的错误，使英语水平得以不断提高。
1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring Private tutoring is “in”. A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. While private tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages, I feel that we should give more thoughts to its negative effects. Such a popular practice clearly indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents either missed the chance of obtaining a good education themselves or have been too busy with their own business. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring seems to be the only solution. As private tutoring is usually given on the one-to-one basis, the teacher knows the strong points as well as the weak points of the pupil; and teaching is, in most cases, directly to the point. Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed. While on the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that they can hardly find enough time for rest or entertainment, which is essential for kids’ physical and mental health. Besides, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What is more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the test, offering the so-called tips for test-taking instead of helping them acquire
关于英语作文的写作技巧 【 - 英语写作指导】 On Development Tourism(提纲式作文) 提纲：1、目前的状况 2、发展旅游业的好处 3、由此而产生的问题 4、我的看法 旅游业——“无烟的工业”——正在中国迅速发展。随着改革开放政策的贯彻执行,数以万计的外国游人涌入中国。他们渴望参观这个具有5000多年灿烂文化的神秘古国。 旅游业给中国带来许多好处。首先,它使中国人了解外界,并有助于促进友谊和理解。其次,在经济上也有利于我国,以为中国现代化建设需要大量的外汇。 然而,事物总是一分为二的。旅游业也引起许多问题。例如,它增加了我国本来效率不高的运输系统的负担。此外,中国人民的生活水平还没有高到足以使普通中国人有钱支付长途旅行的各种开支。 至于我,我相信,随着我国经济的发展,这些问题必将逐步解决。我们期望有一个更加光明的未来。 Tourism, a smokeless industry, is developing rapidly in China. With the opening and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with
a splendid culture of more than 5,000 years. Tourism brings China a lot of benefits. First, it enables the Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promotes friendship and understanding. Second, it is financially beneficial to China, which needs more foreign currencies for its modernization program. Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. For instance, it becomes a burden to inefficient transportation system. Besides, the living standard of the average Chinese is still not high enough to be able to afford the many different sorts of expenses during long distance travels. As for me, with the development of our national economy, all these problems will certainly be solved step by step. A much better and brighter future awaits us.
1.看图英语作文万能模板 第一段：描述图画 1、As is vividly shown in the picture( 如果两个的话用pictures，也可以用drawing，同样的如果两个的话用drawings，如果是图表则用table,两个图表则用tables) above, 图画的内容。The picture( 如果两个的话用pictures，也可以用drawing，同样的如果两个的话用drawings，如果是图表则用table,两个图表则用tables) tells ( 注意，如果是前面的图画是复数，则用 tell) us that 这个图片的大致反映的意思。 2、Recent years people in 地名(比如中国、北京、美国等等)have witnessed the fact that 描述 图片里的现象，And it is very common/usual to see that in recent years. 第二段：解释，说明和分析图片 1、The implied meaning of the picture(注意，同上进行单复数的处理) should be taken into account seriously. First/To begin with, 揭示涵义/原因/结果1，Second/What’s more, 揭示涵义/原因/结果2。Last but not least/Finally, 揭示涵义/愿意/结果3（如果有的话）。And the social problem(如果是现象的话可以用phenomenon) has arisen the great concern/care of our whole society/world/all the people. 2、There may/might be three(也可以是两个) factors which contribute to/are responsible for/explain/can make clear the 图片解释的现象。First of all, 原因1。And then the second reason is that 原因2。The last reason，I think, is that原因3。 第三段：给出自己的看法和想法以及解决问题的办法。 1、In my view/point of view (或者说as for me),We should take some measures as follows to deal with the problems followed in the picture. First, we should 具体的措施1.And then we have to /must具体的措施2.Only in these ways,can we solve the problem of 具体的问题。 2、It is true that these unique/social points can/could together remind us that we should take some measures to solve it.采取的措施1和2. Only in this way can we实现的目标！ 开始段：介绍现象的具体状况和普遍程度。 中间段：解释产生这种现象的原因或意义，并做出一定分析。 结尾段：提出建议或总结观点或表明态度。
范例一 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’ Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion
作文1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Games. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1)现在有一些大学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此忧心忡忡 2)但有人认为网络游戏并不是一无是处 3)你对此的看法是…… 【思路点拨】 本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出对于某问题的一种反面看法，提纲第2点指出对于该问题的正面看法，提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该问题的看法，由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。 根据所给提纲，本文应包含如下内容：指出大学生沉迷于网络游戏的问题，阐述家长和老师对该问题的否定态度和他们的担忧；指出一些人对待网络游戏的肯定态度，并阐述网络游戏的好处；表明“我”对网络游戏的看法。 【参考范文】 Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. Many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents。 However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly。 From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. But if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them。 作文2 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Machine Translation and Human Translation. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1)现在诸多的电子辞典及相关翻译软件被开发出来，人们不再需要翻阅厚重的字典 2)有人认为以后机器翻译会完全取代人工翻译 3)你是否同意这种观点，为什么？ 【思路点拨】 本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种新兴事物，提纲第2点针对该事物提出一种有争议的观点，提纲第3点要求表明“我”是否同意这种观点，由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。 根据所给提纲，本文应包含如下内容：描述电子辞典和翻译软件的使用现状，引出机器翻译会代替人工翻译的观点；表明“我”对这一观点的态度并说明理由；总结“我”的观点，提出建议。
如何写出满分作文 一、写出正确句子 观察下面的句子 错句：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields. 修改： It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields. It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields. It was raining so hard that they couldn’t work in the fields. They couldn’t work in the fields because it was raining hard. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields. （Which one is preferable depends on the context and the writer’s intention.） 二、简单句、并列句与复合句的转化 一篇文章含有的句子具有种类的多样性, 可以是简单句、并列句与复合句。三种句式配合使用会产生错落有致的美感。我们了解一下它们的特点： 简单句、并列句与复合句的特点
1. 合并简单句成为复合句或并列句 例句：My mother works in a bank. My mother is forty-eight. 第一种方法：合并为并列句： My mother is forty-eight and she works in a bank. 第二种方法：运用引导词连接为复合句： My mother is forty-eight, who works in a bank. 2. 将下列简单句连成复合句或并列句。 (1) For some people mathematics is a great pleasure. They are able to think absolutely. (2) A team of management consultants was called in to make an investigation. Production had dropped 14 percent over the past year. (3) I visited my uncle. I had not seen my uncle for eight years. _______________________________________________________________________________
01:解决问题的多种途径 In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状) another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently(因 此 --------------(带来的好处). 02：对比选择型 When it comes to ＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views . Some contend(主张) that＿＿＿＿. For one thing,＿＿＿＿ .For another, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，They point out[指出] that＿＿＿＿ .Another instance[情况] often cited[引用] is that＿＿＿＿ . ＿＿＿＿＿. 03：说明利弊题型 二）. ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(A 的第二个缺点)．
Through the above[上文的] analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh[比..更重] the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)． (From the comparison[比较] between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably[合理的] and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．) 04：议论文框架 (1) 不同观点列举型（选择型） There is a widespread[广泛的] concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __ 观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. ( 3 ) 答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend t he teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion about their teachers’ effectiveness. Others, on the contrary, are strongly against it. They believe that there is much more to teaching than what is shown on students’ rating forms. Students sh ould not be expected to judge whether the materials they use are up to date or how well the teacher knows about the subject. These judgments require professional knowledge, which is best left for the teachers’ colleagues. I think students’ rating of their teachers is necessary, but it should be conducted in a way that can really shed meaningful light on teachers’ performance. Instead of rating the teachers’ knowledge on the subject, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, an d to report on such things as a teacher’s ability to communicate with students, his or her relationship with students, and his or her ability to arouse students’ interest in the subject. 点评：越来越多的高校采取让学生给老师打分的形式来了解教学反馈，并以此作为促进教学质量的有效手段。对此做法，管理部门及教学双方褒贬不一，看法迥异。本范例题为校园生活热议话题，值得关注。
大学英语作文四级万能模板 开头万能公式 1．开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 开头万能公式一：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能公式 1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thu s, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废
中考英语作文写作技巧总结 中考写作注意事项： 知识点1： ①记叙文之人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名，外貌，性格，爱好等多个方面，但是不能出 现真实的姓名，校名及家庭住址。 ②考试时最好以学生身边普通的人物进行描写，从平凡的人中找到不平凡的精神。考试的时 候需要严格按照题目要求进行写作，包括所给的全部信息，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。 ③议论文体裁特点：要求学生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看 法。一般来说，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。 1）论点要正确无误。 2）论据要可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理，也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。 3）论证要合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。 4）议论文一般按提出问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。 知识点2：写作思路 1.认真审题，理清思路: 确定题目中的关键词，文章体裁和主旨。 2.搜集材料，制定提纲: 展开一次“Brain Storming”即头脑风暴，对该题引申出各种联想和论点。根据自己已有的经 验和词汇量选择自己最熟悉、最有把握的方面和论点来写作。
3.选择词句，动笔行文: 确定基本的写作时态，如记叙文通常用一般过去时 典型案例分析： 1. Write a letter in at least 60 words according to the given situation (根据所给情景写一封不少于60 词的信) Suppose you are Joe. Your friend Betty is upset about a coming exam for she cares too much about the result. What do you think? Try to offer her some advice. （假如你是Joe, 你的好朋友Betty 因为过于在意考试结果而感到焦虑。请给她写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并给她一些建议。） 。） （注意：文中不得出现任何姓名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 第一步：分析题目 1. 审题 1) 这篇文章根据题目要求，我们可以确定文章的是一篇应用文即：书信。 2）根据写作要求知道是给他人提出建议或意见的文章，需要针对Betty遇到的问题实际出发来进行写作。 2. 确定写作重点和写作目的。 1）重点是安慰处于考试焦虑的Betty。 2）给出解决问题的建议。 3. 书信的格式： 英文信一般可以分为下列几个部分。 1）信端（Heading）即写信人的地址和发信日期。 2）收信人姓名地址
英语四级作文万能模版 ? 英语四级作文万能模板和常用句型-段首句、中间句、结尾句 段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people sug gest that ____. 2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多 场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，how ever，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。 更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _ ___ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same tim e，they say____. 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____. Worst of all，___. 3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。 而且……，最重要的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country"s development and con struction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______ 5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一