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译林版牛津英语7B语法点复习

译林版牛津英语7B语法点复习
译林版牛津英语7B语法点复习

译林版牛津英语7B语法点复习

Unit 1 Dream homes

数词

1、数词的定义:表示数目多少或顺序先后的词为数词。

2、数词的分类:数词可分为基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量的多少,序数词表示顺序的先后。

3、数词的用法

基数词的用法

I. 基数词的构成。

基数词1-12是独立的单词。

one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve

基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成,其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen

整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成,其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。

twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety

非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成,中间加上连字符“-”。

twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight

三位数以上的基数词,百位数和十位数之间用and连接。

two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen

英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位,在表示“万”和“亿”时,把“万”念成10个千,“十万”念成100个千,“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。

10,000:ten thousand

100,000: a hundred thousand

100,000,000: a hundred million

35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five

II. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。

hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时,只用其单数形式;但是在表示不确切数字时,要用其复数形式,并且与of连用,表示约数。

e.g:1. There are more than three hundreddays in a year. 一年有三百多天。

2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。

III. 基数词表示编号。

Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课

Room 306 306房间

Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页

Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班

②序数词的用法。

I. 序数词的构成。

序数词1-3是独立的单词。

first, second, third

基数词4-19是在基数词后面加-th构成,其中fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth是不规则变化。

fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth

整十的基数词20-90变序数词时,变y为i再加“eth”。

twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eighties, ninetieth

21以上非整十基数词变序数词时,只需将其个位数变成序数词,其它位数仍用基数词。

twenty-first, seventy-sixth, two hundred and eighty-eighth

II. 使用序数词时,前面经常加上定冠词the。

e.g: 1. He is always the first person to reach school. 他总是第一个到达学校。

2. This is the third time for me to go to Beijing. 这是我第三次去北京。

4、各种数的表达

I. 日期的表达。

英语中的日期表达采用―月、日、年‖或―日、月、年‖的顺序。年份用基数词表达,日期用序数词表达。例如:

10月1日:October 1st / the first of October

2006年7月5日:July 5th, 2006 / the fifth of July, 2006

II. 时间的表达。

直接表达法

用基数词+ o‘clock来表示整点,注意o‘clock须用单数,可以省略。

例如:

eight o‘clock 八点钟,ten (o‘clock) 十点钟

用基数词按―钟点+ 分钟‖的顺序直接写出时间。

eleven five 十一点零五分,six forty六点四十

间接表达法

如果分钟数少于30分钟,可用分钟+ past + 钟点表示,其中past是介词,意思是―过‖。

例如:

twenty past four 四点二十eight past one 一点零八分

如果分钟数多于30分钟,可用(60分钟-原分钟数)+ to +(原钟点数+ 1)表示,其中to是介词,意思是―差‖。

例如:

8:35 可表示为twenty-five to nine 差二十五分钟九点,即八点三十五(其中的分钟数twenty-five 是由60分钟减去35分钟得到的;钟点数nine是由8加上1得到的)。

注意:

①当分钟数是15分钟时,可用名词quarter (一刻钟)表示。例如:

7:15可表示为a quarter past seven,12:15可表示为a quarter past twelve

②当分钟数是30分钟时,可用名词half (一半)表示。

例如:

9:30 可表示为half past nine,3:30可表示为half past three。

III. 数量词的用法。

表示长、宽、高,用“基数词+单位词(meter, kilometer, foot, inch等)+形容词(long, wide, high等)” 表示。

two meters long 两米长

three inches high 三英尺高

four inches wide 四英寸宽

表示时间、距离时,用含有数词的名词所有格形式作定语。

five minutes‘ walk 步行五分钟

two hours‘ ride 骑车两小时

由数词和其它名词组成的复合数词,其中的名词用单数形式,各部分之间用连字符“-”来连接。

a three-month-old baby 一个三个月大的婴儿

a five-day holiday 五天的假期

④复合数词相当于一个形容词,用来修饰名词,不能作表语。

The building is ten meters high.(√)

This is a ten-meter-high building.(√)

The building is ten-meter-high.(×)

This is a ten meters high building.(×)

IV.分数的表达。

分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s表示复数。

例如:

1/3 one third 3/8 three eighths

―分数+of+名词‖作主语时,谓语动词单复数,取决于名词的单复数。名词为单数则谓语动词用单数,名词为复数则谓语动词用复数。

e.g: 1. Two thirds of the land is covered with water. 三分之二的陆地都是被水所覆盖的。

2. One fifth of the students come from the countryside. 五分之一的学生来自农村。

Unit 2 Neighbours

一般将来时

定义:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作,事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。

常见用法:

1.will/shall+动词原形shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各种人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=won't shall not=shan't例如:

e.g. Which paragraph shall I read first?我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2. be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。

e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算做什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。

e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。

e.g. Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

看那乌云,快要下暴雨了。

3. 现在进行时表将来时

下列位移动词的现在进行时表示将来时

go、com、fly、leave、start、begin、finish、end、arrive…

e.g. she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.明天她要动身去往武汉了。

句型转换

1. “be going to+动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将be的相应形式前移到句首,即“Are/Is/Am+主语+going to+动词原形+其它?”。其否定句是在be动词的相应形式后加not.

如:他们打算今天下午踢足球。

(1)They are going to play football this afternoon.(肯定句)

(2)Are they going to play football this afternoon?(一般疑问句)

(3)They are not going to play football this afternoon. (否定句)

2. “shall/will+动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将shall或will前移到句首,即“Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其它?”。其否定句是在shall或will后加not.如:我们老师很快回来。

(1)Our teacher will come back very soon. (肯定句)

(2)Will our teacher come back very soon?(一般疑问句)

(3)Our teacher won‘t come back very soon. (否定句)

Unit 3 Welcome to Sunshine Town!

物主代词

名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词

为避免重复使用名词,有时可用―名词性物主代词‖来代替―形容词性物主代词+名词‖的形式。

例:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.

为避免重复使用bag,可写成My bag(形容词性)is yellow, hers(名词性)is red, his(名词性)is blue and yours(名词性)is pink.

用法:

1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。

名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构,例如:Jack's cap意为The cap is Jack's.

His cap意为The cap is his.

2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能

a. 作主语,例如:

May I use your pen? Yours works better.

我可以用一用你的钢笔吗?你的比我的好用。

b. 作宾语,例如:

I love my motherland as much as you love yours.

我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

c. 作介词宾语,例如:

You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

d. 作主语补语,例如:

The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。

例句:This is my case.

This case is mine.在这里的mine带有―我的(书)‖的意思。

This book belongs to me.

用名词性物主代词,一般来说,人称代词都要有所变化,特别是I,不是"mys‖,要注意。

(3)名词性物主代词可以用在介词of的后面,相当于―of+名词所有格‖。

a. –?s所有格

表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格,单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加―s‖;以s 结尾的复数名词只在词尾加―‘‖。

My elder brother‘s bike 我哥哥的自行车

Children‘s Day 儿童节

Students‘ books 学生读物

【拓展】

(1). 如果所指人或物为两个人或几个人所共有,则只在最后一个名词后加‖s‖。

This is Jane and Mary‘s room. 这是简和玛丽(共有的)房间。

Lily and Lucy‘s mother is a doctor. 丽丽和露西的妈妈是一位医生。

(2). 如果所指人或物为各自所有,则应在每个名词后都加―s‖。

These are Jane‘s and Mary‘s rooms. 这些是简和玛丽(各自)的房间。

Lily‘s and Lucy‘s mothers are both doctors. 丽丽的妈妈和露西的妈妈都是医生。

b. of 所有格

无生命事物名词的所属关系,常用―of+名词‖来表示。即of所有格。

the capital of China 中国的首都the name of the river 这条河的名字

主格宾格所有格物主代词

I me my mine

He him his his

she her her hers

you you your yours

物主代词用法歌诀

物主代词两类型,形容词与名词性。

形容词性作定语,后面定把名词用。

名词性要独立用,主宾表语它都充。

Unit 4 Finding your way

冠词

冠词定义:冠词是一种虚词,在句子中不重读,本身不能独立使用,只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,表示名词的数量或者特征。冠词有两种,一种是不定冠词(a, an),一种是定冠词(the)。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词,即通常所称的―零冠词‖。

一.不定冠词a, an

定义:表泛指;+可数名词单数

元音音素开头——an 辅音音素开头——a

易错点:u--/ ? / :an umbrella

--/ju:/: a useful book a university a uniform

h--/ h /: a hill a hand a head

--不发音: an hour an honest child

用法:

1. 表示―一个‖

e.g.:This is a book. Wait a moment..

2. 泛指某人或某物

e.g.:A girl is waiting for you. There is a Smith downstairs.

3. 泛指人、事、物的类别,以区别于其他种类

e.g.:A square has four sides. A dog is a lovely animal. A child needs love.

4. 与表示单位的名词连用,相当于―每一个‖

e.g.:Brush your teeth twice a day. I paid 10 dollars an hour.

Five lesson a week.

5. 用于序数词前,表―又‖―再‖

e.g.:He tried a second time.

6. 用于某些抽象名词前,表示―一场,一种,一类,一份,一阵‖

e.g.:a green tea a great fire a heavy snow

There‘ll be a strong wind in South China.

7. ―of + a(n) + n‖ 表示―同一的‖ ―相同的‖

e.g.:We are of an age. Birds of a feather flock together.

8. 用于某种抽象名词前,表具体情况或概念

e.g.:He has a knowledge of English. It‘s a great pleasure to meet you.

9. 表示一个以上的事物时,每个名词前都要用不定代词

e.g.:1. We have a black and a white cat. 我们有一只黑猫和一只白猫。(2个a两只猫)

2. We have a black and white cat. 我们有一只黑白斑纹的猫。(1个a一只猫)

10.用于两件通常配在一起的物品,第二个名词前不用不定代词

e.g.:a knife and a fork 一副刀叉 a cup and a saucer 一套杯盘

a watch and a chain 一副表链

二.定冠词the

定义:表特指

用法:

1. 表示上文提及的,说话人听话人都明白的,特定的人或事。

e.g.:There are many books on the desk. The books are old

Put on the coat! It‘s cold outside.

The girl is waiting for you.

2. 世上独一无二的事物。

e.g.:the sun the moon the earth the world

3. 普通名词构成的专有名词前。

e.g.:the Great Wall the United States the Sahara

4. 方位、乐器前

e.g.:the east the west the north the southeast the left the right

I like playing the piano.

5. 序数词、形容词最高级、两者比较、―the 比较级,the 比较级‖,或only, same前

e.g.:The first lesson is very easy.

He is the tallest student in our class.

6. 用于姓氏的复数名词前表示―…一家‖, ―…夫妇‖

e.g.:The Greens are watching TV now. The Smiths

7. 用于逢十的数字复数前,指世纪中的特定年代

e.g.:in the 60‘s 在六十年代

in the 1980‘s/1980s 在二十世纪八十年代

8. ―the 形容词‖为形容词名词化,表示一类的人或事物

the poor the old the rich the beautiful

9. 用于复数名词前表示整个整体;不加定冠词表示整体中的部分。

e.g.:They are the students of Class One. (全体学生)

They are students of Class One. (部分学生)

10. 常见词组

In the morning/afternoon/evening in the daytime(在白天) in the end(最后) All the time(一直);

at the same time(同时) by the way(顺便说)

At the age of(在岁时) at the beginning of(开始) in the middle of(中间)

三.零冠词

用法:

1. 名词前已有物主代词,名词所有格,this,that,very等修饰语时

e.g.:Every student likes English in our class.

This is my book.

2. 物质名词、抽象名词前常不加冠词。但表特指时要加。

e.g.:We can‘t live without water.

Our country is rich in oil.

I like music. I like the music in the 18 century.

3. 三餐、球类、学科、季节、月份、星期、节假日等名词前不加。但表特指,泛指―某一个‖,―某一种‖时则加冠词。

e.g.:What do you have for breakfast?

We have a cold winter in Shanghai.

4. 人名、地名、官衔、称号、等名词前不用冠词。

e.g.:John Smith Beijing Professor Li Mr. Green Queen Victoria

5. 语言前不加冠词,但其后加了―language‖一词时,常加the。

e.g.:He can speak Chinese, English and Russia.

They are studying the Chinese language hard.

6. by 交通工具

e.g.:by train by plane by ship

7. 复数名词表类别,前面不加冠词。

e.g.:Horses are useful animals

Those people are teachers, not students.

8. 一些时间名词前

e.g.:at dawn/ noon/ night/ sunset/ sunrise

Morning is the best time for work.

9. ―专有名词+ 普通名词‖

Beijing Airport Zhongshan Road

Unit 5Amazing things

一般过去时

一、一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为;主语过去所具备的能力或性格。

1.基本结构:主语+动词的过去式+其他。

2.标志词:yesterday (昨天),two days ago (两天前),last year (去年),the other day (那天,

前几天),once upon a time (很久以前),just now (刚才),in the old days (在过去的日子里)等。

She went to the park yesterday.

They wrote a story just now.

We had a great time at his party the day before yesterday.

I bought a new bike a week ago.

He was born in 1990.

Amy read an amazing book the other day.

Once upon a time, there was a king called Smith.

二、动词过去式的构成规则

(一)规则变化

构成规则:

1.在动词末尾直接加-ed . 例如,work -worked , look -looked , play –played

2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d . 例如,live –lived , hope –hoped , use –used

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-ed . 例如,study –studied , carry –carried , worry –worried

4.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-ed . 例如,stop

–stopped , plan –planned

(二)不规则变化

1. 没有变化,即:与动词原形一样。例如,cut –cut , put –put , read –read

2. 变化元音,例如,write- wrote , know –knew , come –came

3. 变化辅音,例如,make –made , spend –spent , send –sent

4. 辅音和元音都变化,例如,leave –left , teach –taught

Unit 6Outdoorfun

一般过去时的讲解

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn‘t)

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren‘t)

⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were放到句首。

3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn‘t +动词原形,如:Jim didn‘t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句:

⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式:

am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said

give-gave, get- got, go-went, come-came, have-had,

eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put,

make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank,

fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, buy-bought

swim-swam, sit-sat bring--brought can-could cut-cut

become-became begin-began draw-drew feel-felt find-found

forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew

learn-learnt (learned) leave-left let-let lose-lost

meet-met read-read sleep-slept speak-spoke take-took

teach-taught tell-told write-wrote wake-woke think-thought

Unit 7 Shopping

一情态动词can,could,may

情态动词是表示说话人的语气或情态,本身有词义但不能单独作谓语的词。常用的情态动词有can,may,must,could,shall,will,need等。

情态动词在句中必须后跟动词原形,并与后面的动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

1、情态动词can的用法:

(1)表示能力,意为―能,会‖。

例如:Millie can play the piano.

(2)表示许可,意为―可以‖。

例如:You can use my pen. Can you pass me the books?

(3)表示推测,意为―可能,会‖,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。

例如:Can he be here?

He can‘t have finished his homework.

2、情态动词could的用法:

(1)could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,意为―能,会‖。

例如:Could you speak English at the age of six?

His mother is a good cook now, but she couldn‘t cook meals three years ago.

(2)在某些场合,could可用来代替can,表示现在的情况,could比can语气更委婉。若用could来提问问题,回答时,应该用can,而不用could。

例如:--Could you answer me a question?

--Yes, I can./No, I can‘t.

3、情态动词may的用法:

(1)表示许可,意为―许可‖。

例如:May I come in?

You may take everything you like.

(2)表示推测,通常用于肯定句和否定句中,意为―可能‖。

例如:He may be very busy now.

He said that she might not be at work today.

注意:can和may都不是可能性,can通常用于否定句和疑问句中,而may通常用于肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者均可用于否定句中,但其意思不同:can't意为―不可能‖,may not意为―可能不‖。另外,can和may均可表示请求允许,但can为一般用词,而may为正式用词。

例如:It can‘t be true.那不可能是真的。

It may not be true.那可能不是真的。

二感叹句

感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情色彩的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号,读时一般用降调。

感叹句的基本句型:

1、What (+a/an) +形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)!

例如:What a clever boy (he is)!

What an interesting story (it is)!

What fine weather!

What beautiful flowers (they are)!

2、How +形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!

例如:How well you look!

How beautiful you sing!

How fast he runs!

助记:感叹句what和how的选用,关键看形容词后是否紧跟有名词。如果有,用what(a/an);如果没有,用how。

Unit 8 Pets

一形容词

形容词的定义:形容词(adjective),简称adj,用来修饰名词或代词,表示人

或事物的属性、特征或状态的词。

形容词的用法:

1. 形容词作定语

形容词作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。

例如:He lives in a beautiful house.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。

There is nothing important in today‘s news paper.今天报纸上没有什么重要内容。

2. 形容词作表语

形容词作表语,放在系动词(be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等)之后。例如:Everything will be all right. 一切都会好的。

After a long walk, I felt tired.走了很远的一段路后我累了。

3.形容词作宾语补足语

形容词做宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。

例如:He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。

People usually keep the vegetables fresh in the fridge. 人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。

4.形容词的名词化,“the+形容词”表示一类人,相当于名词,用作主语或宾语。

例如:The old often think of old things. 老人常想起过去的事情。

They are going to build a school for the deaf and the blind.

他们将要给聋人和盲人盖一所学校。

5.形容词作状语

例如:These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry.

这些士兵们在冷天里度过了三天,又冷又饿。

6.形容词的先后顺序

如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 形容词的先后顺序由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。为方便记忆,可记住一句话:美小圆新黄,法国木书房。

二不定代词

不定代词是不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。常用的不定代词有:one, ones, both, all, either, neither, other, another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little等。还有由some-, any-, no-和every-合成的不定代词。

I. one 和ones 的用法。

one/ones 指人或物,可作主语、表语和宾语。

one 用来替代前面的单数名词,ones用来替代前面的复数名词,以避免重复。

例如:I lost my old camera; this is a new one.我丢了旧的照相机,这个是新的

Red apples often taste better than green ones.红苹果比青苹果甜。

II.either, neither, both和all的用法。

either两者中的任何一个

neither 两者都不

both 两者都,反义词是neither

all 三者或以上都,反义词是none

例如:There are a lot of trees on either side of the street.路两边有很多树。

Both of his parents are teachers.他的父母都是老师。

All of the students are happy on Children‘s Day.所有的孩子儿童节都很开心。

III.the other, another的用法。

the other表示(两者中的)另一个

another 表示(三个或以上中的)另一个

例如:I have two uncles. One is a policeman andthe other is a doctor.

. 我有两个叔叔,一个是警察,另一个是医生。

Here are three apples. One is red, another is green and the third is yellow.

这里有三个苹果,一个是红的,另外一个是青的,第三个是黄的。

IV.others和the others的用法。

others表示另一些(人或物),不包括所有其余的。

the others表示所有其余的。

例如: After class, some students are talking with each other, and others are playing games.下课后,一些同学正在聊天,另一些正在玩游戏。

I have got ten pencils.Two of them are red and the others are blue.

我有十支笔,两个是红色的,其余的是蓝色的。

V.some和any的用法。

some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于否定句和一般疑问句中。

例如: There are some apples in the box.箱子里有些苹果。

Do you have any water here? 这里有水吗?

疑问句一般不用some,只有当表示邀请或期待对方做出肯定回答时才能用some。

例如: Would you like some coffee?你想要来点咖啡吗?

any 用于肯定句,后面修饰可数名词单数时,表示―任一‖。

例如:The teacher likes any student in her class. 这个老师喜欢他班里的每一个学生。

VI. (a)few和little的用法。

few, little:几乎没有(否定语气)

a few, a little: 一些,少数(肯定语气)

few, a few指可数的事物,只能与可数名词复数搭配

little, a little指不可数事物,只能与不可数名词搭配

例如:Let‘s buy some milk. There is little in the fridge.

让我们去买些牛奶,冰箱里没有了。

He has a few friends. He often plays with them.

他有一些朋友并且经常与他们一起玩。

VII. many 和much 的用法。

many表示许多,指可数的事物,只能与可数名词复数搭配;much表示许多,指不可数的事物,只能与不可数名词搭配。

例如:Would you like to have a look at my stamps? I have many.

你想看看我的有票吗?我有很多。

He doesn‘t know much about this company.

他对这个公司知道不是很多。

VIII.some-, any-, every-和no-可以分别和-thing, -body, -one构成的合成不定代词用法。

一、不定代词的指代对象

1. 含-body的不定代词和含-one的不定代词只用来指人,含-body的不定代词与含-one的不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同,可以互换。

例如:Someone/Somebody is crying in thr next room.

2. 含-thing的不定代词只用来指事物。

例如:Are you going to buy anything?

二、不定代词的所有格

1. 含-one和-body等指人的不定代词可有所有格形式。

例如:Everybody‘s business is bobody‘s business.

2. 含-one和-body等指人的不定代词后跟else时,所有格应该加在else之后。

例如:Can you remember anyone else‘s name?

3. 含-thing等指事物的不定代词没有所有格形式。

三、不定代词的数

1. 不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看为第三人称单数,当它们作句子的主语时,其后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数。

例如:Is everyone here today?

Nothing is difficult.

2. 当面对一群人时,可使用以不定代词作主语的祈使句,句中的动词用原型。

例如:Nobody move.

四、不定代词修饰形容词放在形容词前面。例如:I have something important to tell you.

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