一：动词不定式的意义和结构
1. 不定式的语法意义：
（1）在句中做以下成分：主语，宾语，表语，补足语，定语，状语（2）—“无”一“有”：无人称和数的变化
有时态和语态的变化
（3）仍然保留动词的特点：to —vt+主语；to —vi （+状语）2. 结构：肯定式to do ；否定式not\never to do
二：不定式的时态和语态变化
时态：与谓语动词相比，动词不定式的时间在谓语动词之前，同时之后讲行。
1. 一般式：动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之后或同时
发生。
2. 完成式：动词不定式表达的动作发生在主____
eg: I ' m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
3. 进行式：动词不定式表达的动作发生在主_____ eg:They seem to be gett ing along quite well.
4. 完成进行式：动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前且进
行.
语态：动词不定式与主句主语的关系
三.句子结构
(一)主语：1.不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数(非谓语动词to do ,
句式：
doing , done只有前两者可以作主语，done相当于形容
词)。
2. 不定式作主语，常用it形式主语，把to do 放于句
尾。
(1)It is+ 形容词+for sb.to
do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是怎样的，此处为客观性质的形容词，如：hard ,
difficult , easy 等
(2)It is+ 形容词+of sb. to do sth. 意思同上，此处为表示
Eg： 1>It is hard for me to learn math .
2>lt is kind of you to help me to study.
(3)lt is + 名词+to do 做某事是…
Eg:It is our duty to look after the old.
(4)lt takes/took+ 主语+时间+to do.花费多长时间做某事
Eg： It takes me five hours to finish the homework.
(三) 宾语
1.直接to do 作宾语的动词(主语+vt+to
2.若to do作宾语，且后边又跟宾语补足语时，此时用it作形式主
语，把to do放在后面，即构成结构主语+vt+it+宾语补足语
+to do （think,consider,make,find,feel）
（四）宾语补足语
1 . Vt+O+to do 结构中的及物动词：
ask/tell/advise/allow/beg/e ncourage/believe/co
n sider/declare（宣
称）/expect/forbid/imagi ne/i nte nd/order/permit（
答应）/persuade（劝说）/prefer/prove（证
明）/remin d/request 等等
2.可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词
口诀：宾补省to 十个半：一感（feel ）,二听（listen to , hear）,
三让（make,let,have ）,四看看（watch, see, look ,（五）定语：to do放在所修饰名词，代词短语之后
Eg:l have some questi ons to ask you .
（六）状语：to do用来修饰动词/形容词/副词/整个句子，表达目的, 结果，原因，程度等。
Eg: 1>I ' m glad to see you. 原因状语
2>I want to see you .
目的状语
五.省略to的情况
1. 介词but/except 之前（1）do+but/except+to 省略+v
（2）v+but/except+to - v
2. 动词不定式作表语时，若主语部分有do的相应形式，表语需要省
略to，主语（do）+be+to（省略）一v,多见于主语从
句中有do的情况
Eg： All we can do is wait for the wind.
初中不定式todo的用法
1. 不定式的用法------1.1 不定式作主语 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如： （对）To teach is to learn. （错）It is to learn to teach. （错）To teach is learning. （错）Teaching is to learn. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。 1.1.1 不定式做主语It's for sb/It's of sb to do sth 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of 的区别。 1）for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
不定时的用法 to do 的其它用法： 1. 时态和语态形式to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to have been doing (1) 一般式表动作通常与谓语动词所表动作同时或在其后发生; 进行式表动作与谓语动作同 时进行；完成式表动作发生在谓语动作之前; pretend / believe /say/seem/happen/prove/plan/hope/expect/should like/would like + to have done 表未曾实现的行为; 完成进行式表动作在谓语动作之前已开始并一直进行着，到说话时为止，该动作可能停止，也可能还在继续。 People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in. I didn’t expect you to be waiting for me so long. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken. the world record in the 110- metre hurdle race. He’s said to have written a new novel. I would like to have had your help. I hoped to have seen her . He planned to have gone abroad. He was said to have been living in New York for twenty years. (1)主动式表逻辑主语为不定式动作的执行者；被动式表逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 I hope to finish reading the book tonight. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 2.to do 的主动表被动 (1)to do 作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时又和句子主语构成主谓关系。 I have a lot of papers to deal with. (2) be + 性质adj. + to do . easy/hard/difficult/interesting/heave/pleasant/comfortable/safe/dangerous/impossible Tom is pleasant to work with. This book is difficult to understand. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe. (2)be + let /blame/ seek It seemed that water was to blame. The cause isn’t far to seek. The house is to let. (3)wh- + to do I had no idea who to turn to for help the time I lost. How to divide labor among them is still a question. (5) there be + 主语+ to do 中，当强调某人完成某事时用主动形式；当强调某事必须被完成用被动形式。 There’s many work to do. (sb. has to do the work. )/ to be done.(the work has to be done.) 3.to do 的逻辑主语是其所表动作的承受者时用被动。 It’ an honor for me to be invited to the party. The books and mag azines aren’t allowed to be taken out of the reading room. I wanted the letter to be typed at once She asked to be assigned to do a heavy job. 4.如果逻辑主语没出现，只要意义是被动的，to do仍用被动。 It’s great honor to be elected a delegate to the Party. To be attacke d by the enemy isn’t a bad thing but a good thing. 5.to do中动词的省略，只保留to . (1)to do作某些动词的宾语时：当作宾语的不定式再次出现时，为避免重复，只留to. afford/ agree/ expect/ forget/ hate/ hope/ intend/ mean/ plan/ prefer/ refuse/ try/ want/ wish/ would like/ love/ care
1．carry on\keep doing 坚持做某事 2. practise doing sth. 练习做某事 3. keep sb. Doing 使某人一直做某事 4. enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 5. finish doing 完成做某事 6. be afraid of doing 害怕做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 9. how about doing//what about doing 做某事怎么样 10. spend some time (in)doing 花时间做某事 11. spend some money (in) buying 花钱做某事 12. feel like doing 想做某事 13. stop/keep/prevent …from doing 阻止某人做某事 14. thank sb for doing 感谢某人做某事 15. thanks for doing 感谢做某事 16. do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/was hing 做点饭、打扫一下卫生、读点书、逛逛街、洗洗衣服 17. go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boat ing 去游泳、钓鱼、逛街、滑冰、划船18. mind doing 介意做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事21. have fun/difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 做某事有趣、有困难、有困难、有困难 22. waste time/money doing 浪费时间、钱做某事 23. instead of doing 代替做某事 24. miss doing 错过做某事 含有不带to的动词不定式句型： 1. had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事 2. would you please (not) do sth. 你可以做某事吗？ 3. why not do sth. 为什么不做某事？ 4. why don’t you do sth. 为什么你不做某事？ 5. Shall we do sth.? 我们要做某事吗？ 6. let sb do sth. 让某人做某事 7. make/have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事含有带to的动词不定式句型 1. It’s time to do sth. 现在是做某事的时候了 2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人时间 3. tell/ask/want/encourage/invite/ sb. to do sth. 告诉、叫、想、鼓励、邀请某人做某事 4. Would you like to do sth.? 你想做某事吗/ 5. It’s good/bad to do sth. 做某事好、不好 6. It’s good/bad for sb.to do sth. 某人做某事好、不好 7. be+adj.+enough to do sth. 足够+形容词做某事 8. sb. is ready to do sth. 某人准备好做某事 9. It’s+adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人+形容词（做这件事对你好）10. It’s+adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事+形容词（你做这件事真好）11. would like/love /decide/want/wish/to do sth. 想、喜欢、决定、想、希望做某事 12. would like/love sb. to do sth. 想、喜欢某人做某事 13. Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里不愿出去 14. how/ when/where/whether to do sth 怎么、什么时候、在哪里、要不要做某事 15. can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 16. too …to do …太怎么样而不能做某事 17. be afraid /ready/able/sure to do 害怕、准备、能够、确定做某事
--- to do与doing的区另U 一般情况下，to do 是一般将来式,是打算去做什么（未做）;doing是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么，或（此事已做过或已发生、正做） like to do 和like doing 的用法有什么区别 简单的记忆方法。当表示喜欢，用like doing ，如：He likes cooking in his house. She likes singing. 表示爱好。 当表示想要，欲做某事（但还没进行）用like to do ，例如：He likes to cook in his house.- 他想在自己家做饭吃。 She likes to stay with us.- 她想和我们带一块儿。（但还没进行） 2 forget doin g/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事。（未做） forget doing 忘记做过某事。（已做） The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。（to come动作未做） 3 remember doin g/to do remember to do 记得去做某事（未做） remember doing 记得做过某事（已做） Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember see ing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗？ 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel +doing表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. （强调”我见他正干活”这个动作） 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
英语动词不定式完成式在使用语境中的学习与考查 江苏省沛县湖西中学鹿俊先221611 综观近年的英语高考试题，我们可以看到题目的设置往往强调语言知识在特定语境中的使用，把语言知识放在了语用层面上，即考察实际应用知识的能力。 英语动词不定式的完成式，即(to) have +动词的过去分词形式，是中学英语学习中的重点及难点知识之一，也是高考试题中频繁出现的形式。对于这一形式考查的题目设置通常围绕三类语境，即陈述已经发生过了的事实，推测可能已经发生过了的事实，表达与过去实际情况相反的事实。下面分别加以叙述，以便从语用角度掌握这一语言知识。 1.陈述已经发生过了的事实。 1.1.置于表示情感反应的动词、形容词、分词之后，作为引起该反应的刺激，表示情感反应之前完成的动作。例如： I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=I'm sorry that I gave / have given you so much trouble.) It is good to have finished work for the day. (=I am pleased because I have finished.) She said she was sorry to have missed you. (=She said she was sorry that he had missed you.) There was a smile on the boy's face, which seemed to show that he was happy to have given his life to his country. (=…he was happy that he had given his life to his country.) 1.2.置于be said, be considered, be believed, seem, appear, happen, turn out,等之后表示这些动作之前完成的动作。例如： I don't know whether you happen to have heard, but I am going to study in the U.S.A. this September. Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. (=It is generally considered that Charles Babbage invented the first computer.) He is said to have studied abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in. (= It is said that he studied abroad, b ut….) I appear to have made a small mistake. (=It appears that I made / have made a small mistake.) He seems to have missed the train. (=It seems that he missed the train.) 1.3.置于should之后，表达说话人对已发生了的事实的情感的反应，如惊奇、遗憾、喜悦、不安、失望，等，should相当于汉语中的“竟然”，“居然”。例如：They were surprised (that) a child should have worked out the problem while they themselves couldn't. It is strange that she should have married such an old man. 2.推测可能已经发生过了的事实。 2.1.置于must, will, would, can't, couldn't 之后，表示很有把握的推论。例如： The city must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. An ambulance is waiting in the street. Somebody must have been hurt or killed. --I met her soon after the war.
读书破万卷下笔如有神________________________ ________ “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的用法归纳 由两部分构成：疑问词和动词不定式(wh-+to do)。疑问词部分包括疑问一. 代词who, whom, what, which 禾口whose 以及疑问畐U词when, where 和how。此外，连接词“ whether ”也适用.它主要具有以下几种功 厶匕 冃能： ⑴当主语，如： ? Whe n to hold the meeti ng has not yet bee n decided. ? Where to live is a problem. forget, find out, discuss, decide, tell, teach, kno w, lear n, ⑵当宾语，常接在wonder, remember等动词之后作宾语如: ? We must know what to say at a meeti ng. ? He could not tell whom to trust. ? Do you know how to play bridge? ⑶当表语，如： ? The problem is where to find the financial aid. ? The questi on is who to elect. ⑷当名词同位语，如： ? Tom had no idea which book to read first. ? The questi on whether to con fess troubled the girl. ⑸用于宾语补足语，双重宾语。某些动词后可接“ sb.+疑问词+不定式”构成 的双重宾语，这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell 等如： ? I can tell you where to get this book. ? I ask her how to lear n En glish. ? He will advise you what to do. ? Will you show me how to use the mach ine? (6)作介词宾语：某些介词后面可接疑问词+不定式作宾语，这类介词常用的有about, as, from, in, of, on, with等。例如： He has no idea of how to an swer this questio n. 题。 Della had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. 他不知道怎样回答这个问 德拉仅有$1.87为你有很多题目可以选
动词不定式用法总结 动词不定式的构成是to+动词原形，但to 有时可以省略。它是一种活跃的非谓语动词形式，很多同学把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们就对动词不定式做出简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆。 一、不定式作主语 在英语中，很多情况下，我们用代词it来代替不定式作主语，而把不定式移到句子的后部以平衡句子。此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出。 ( )1.It’s our duty ____the room every day . A.to clean B.cleaned C.clean D.cleans ( )2.It’s very nice _____you to get me two tickets _____the World Cup. A.for,of B.of ,for C.to,for D.of ,at 二、不定式作宾语 常见类型如下： 1）动词+带to的动词不定式。常见的有：afford，agree，decide，expect，hope，want，fail，plan等，例如： ( )3.He wants _____some vegetables . A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys 2）动词+疑问词+带to的动词不定式。 ( )4.There is no difference between the two words .I really don’t know ______. A.what to choose B.which to choose C.to choose which D.to choose what 另外，动词不定式用作宾语时，如果后跟形容词作宾语补足语，在这样的复合宾语 中，常把it放在宾语的位置作形式宾语，而把不定式放在句尾平衡句子。例如： ( )5.He found it very different_________. A.sleeping B.sleeps C.fall asleep D.to fall asleep 三、不定式作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的句型也有两个。 1）动词+宾语+带to的不定式。常见的这类动词有：ask ，teach，tell，want，like，advice，invite，allow，warn等。例如： ( )6.Robert often asks us ____his Chinese ,so his Chinese is much better than before . A.help him B.to help him with C.to help with D.helps him with 2）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式。常见的这类动词有：see，hear，watch，notice，let，make，等，例如： ( )7.We saw him ___into the building and go upstairs. 四、** come https://www.doczj.com/doc/6818122127.html,e https://www.doczj.com/doc/6818122127.html,ing D.came 不定式作定语 不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如： ( )8.---Would you like sonething_____? ----Yes ,please. 五、** B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks 不定式作状语 不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中用作状语。放在句尾或句首表示目的；也可跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面，还可用于enough to---，too---to等结构中，例如： ( )9.She is old enoigh ____the things she likes.
“特殊疑问词＋不定式”的用法 “疑问词+不定式”结构（question word + to-infinitive） 4）疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，以及连接副词whether与不定式连用构成不定式短语（在作用上相当于一个名词性从句，名词成分）。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、复合宾语的直接宾语、状语、同位语等句子成分。注意：疑问副词why 后不能跟动词不定式 一、“疑问词+不定式动词”结构的几种功用： 1）作主语 Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。（作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式） When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 选择吃什么，已经不像以前那么... When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。 What to read is an important question. 该读些什么是一个很重要的问题。 How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何开始比到哪里停止还困难。 2）作宾语（作用相当于名词性从句） A. 用作动词宾语 He asked how to open the box. 他询问如何打开盒子。 She couldn’t think what to say. 她想不出说什么。 He could not tell whom to trust. Our teacher explained how to use the word processor. 老师向我们说明如何使用文字处理机。 I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。（作动词know的宾语） B. 作于间接宾语后作直接宾语 I’ll show you how to do it. 我将给你讲这怎么做。 She kindly advised me what to do. 她好心的劝告我该做什么。 My sister taught me how to fold paper into a crane. 我姐姐教我如何折纸鹤。 C. 用作介词宾语 I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。 Bill said something to her about what to do. 比尔给她讲了讲应当怎样做。 I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack. 我找到一本书谈如何避免心脏病复发。 We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. ....为谁服务的问题。（作介词of的宾语） 3）作表语 The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语） The problem is where to find the financial aid. The question is what to do next. 问题是下一步怎么办。 The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
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claim要求hope希 望 promise承诺，允许start开始undertake承 接want想要 consent同意，赞同intend想要refuse拒 绝decide决定 learn学习vow起contrive设法，图谋incline有…倾向propose提议seek 找，寻觅 try试图 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请get请，得 到 prompt促使allow允 许 forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿announce宣 布force强
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“情态动词+不定式完成式”用法解析 【摘要】本文在分析历年高考中有关“情态动词+不定式完成式”试题的基础上，总结了“情态 动词 +不定式完成式”结构常见的几类用法，并辨析了其联系与区别。 【关键词】情态动词，不定式完成式 情态动词的“情态动词 +不定式完成式”结构是英语语法中的难点。在掌握情态动词基本用法的基础上，学习者需进一步结合各种句式与虚拟语气的用法才能更容易理解“情态动词+不定式完成式”这一结 构。 一、“情态动词+不定式完成式”结构表示对过去发生的事实的可能性的推测 当“情态动词 +不定式完成式”结构表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，在这些情态动词中，就表示的可能性程度而言， must最大， will ／would其次， should／ought to再次，could又次之， may更次之， might 最小（杨兆民， 1993）。 1．may／might+have+过去分词 “ may／ might+have+ 过去分词”译为“也许已经” ，表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的推测，其表示可能性的语气最弱；该结构的否定形式可译为“当时也许没有” 。表示可能性时一般用 might 指过去，用 may 指现在； may 有时也可用于完成式或完成进行式，指过去发生的动作或过去持续的动作。另外，“ may+have+过去分词”含有“至今可能仍存在”的意思；might 只用于间接引语中（薄冰， 1998）。例如： You may have read some account of the matter. 你也许读过关于这件事的一些报道。 He may have been waiting for us for an hour. 他也许等我们一个小时了。（指持续的动作） Whatever your parents may have told you —— there is a real Santa Claus. And I should know, because I've seen him myself! 不管你父母告诉过你什么——在我看来，圣诞老人真的存在。我当然知道，因为我曾亲眼见过。 Sorry I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起，我迟到了。可能我当时把闹钟按了之后又睡着了。（ might have turned off 显得辩解苍白而底气不足。） They might not have gone to the movies yesterday evening. The light was still on at their home then. 昨晚他们可能没有去看电影，因为当时他们家的灯亮着。 You may have met each other before. 或许你们以前已经见过面。 He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise worthy. 他可能没有达到他的全部目标，但他的努力值得赞扬。 She may/might have gone to the hospital. 她或许到医院去了。 The children may have gone to bed. 孩子们可能已经上床睡觉了。 They might not have settled the problem. 他们可能尚未解决那个问题。 2．can／could+have+过去分词 （ 1）“can／ could+have+ 过去分词”可译为“当时可能” ，表示对过去发生的动作或存在状态的推测，其可能性要强于“ may／ might+have+ 过去分词”，可用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。 can 一般不用于肯定句，肯定句中多用 could ，用于疑问句时 could 的可能性比 can 弱（李丙尧， 2002）。 试比较： I didn 't see her at the meeting this morning; she can 't／ couldn 't have spoken at the meeting. 今天上午我在会议上没有见到她，她不可能在会上发言。
省略to的动词不定式用法归纳 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to。如： Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式则必须要带to。如： 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误：He was made work twenty hours a day. 正：He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意，表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意，force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如： They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。 考例： 1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/6818122127.html, to leave https://www.doczj.com/doc/6818122127.html, leaving C.to leave D.to leaving 2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose 3.The girl was ma de _________ she didn’t love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。如： We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。 但是，当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时，则不能省略to。如：They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意，当这些动词变为被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如： They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个
一．To do形式 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
常见的“to do”与“doing”现象 有些动词后既可接to do，也可接doing，它们后接to do与doing在意思上有时有较大的差别。因为它们也是中考的常考点之一，因而我们应该搞清楚它们的区别。 1. stop to do/stop doing sth。 解析：stop to do sth.意为“停下来（正在做的事）去做（另外的）某事”，to do sth.在句中作目的状语。而stop doing sth.意为“停止做（正在做的）某事”。如Mary stopped to speak to me.玛丽停下（手头的工作）来跟我讲话。 When the teacher came in. the students stopped talking.老师进来时，学生们停止讲话。 2. remember to do/remember doing sth 解析：remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”（还没有做）。而remember doing sth.意为“记得（已经）做过某事”如： Please remember to send the letter for me.请记住为我发这封信。 I don’t remember eating such food somewhere.我不记得在哪里吃过这种食物 3. forget to do/forget doing sth 解析：forget to do sth.意为“忘记做某事”（动作还没有发生）。而forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”（动作已发生）。如： Don’t forget to bring your photo here.别忘了把你的相片带来。 I have forgotten giving the book to him.我忘记我已把书给了他。 4. go on to do/go on doing sth 解析：go on to do sth.意为“做完一件事，接着做另外一件事”，两件事之间有可能有某种联系。而go on doing sth.意为“继续做下去”。如： After reading the text, the students went on to do the exercises.学生们读完课文后，接着做练习。 It’s raining hard, but the farmers go on working on the farm.虽然天正下着大雨，但农民们继续在农场干活。 5. try to do/try doing sth 解析：try to do sth.意为“尽力去做某事”，而try doing sth.意为“（用某一种办法）试着去做某事”。如： Try to come a little early next time, please.下次请尽量早点来。 You can try working out the problem in another way.你可以试试用其它的方法解答这道题目。 6. can’t help to do/can’t help doing sth 解析：can’t help to do为动词不定式结构；can’t help doing sth.意为“身不由己地去做某事”或“情不自禁地去做某事。”如： We can’t help to finish it.我们不能帮忙完成此事。 I couldn’t help laughing when I saw her strange face.当我看到她奇怪的脸时，我情不自禁地笑了。 7. hear sb. do/hear sb. doing sth 解析：hear sb. do sth.意为“听见某人做某事”，指听到了这个动作的全过程；hear sb. doing sth.意为“听到某人做某事”，指听到时候，这个动作正在发生。如： I often hear him sing in the classroom.我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。 Do you hear someone knocking at the door?你听见有人在敲门吗？ 应该说明的是：和hear的用法一样的还有see、watch、notice等。