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考研英语翻译必备练习-参考模板

考研英语翻译必备练习-参考模板
考研英语翻译必备练习-参考模板

翻译(9.16)

一、英语长句的分析

一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。

在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:

找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

分析: (1) 该句的主语为谓语为

(2)该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience 等

例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.

分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is m ore … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个?结构

(2) 句首的for a family of four作?

二、长句的翻译

英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般

采取下列的方法。

(一)、顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:

例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.

例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.

五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义:A. 可是现在人们意识到; B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”; D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。

可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。

例 3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.

在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。

例 4. This method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be u sed to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”

这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况, 也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案, 从“铁生锈, 是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”

例 5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man`s life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.

我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣; 其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣; 对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。对死去的, 无论是伟大与平凡, 所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人,都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。

例 6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备,而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志, 他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。

(二)、逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。例如:

例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.

分析: 这个句子由一个主句, 两个原因状语和一个定语从句, “铝直到19 世纪才被人发现”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有四个谓语结构, 共有五层意思: A. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现; B. 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝; C. 由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起; D. 最普遍的是跟氧结合; E. 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前, 果在后, 这样, 我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句翻译成:

铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。

例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.

分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “……变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: A. ……变的越来越重要; B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会; C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 翻译成: 因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

例 3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learningEnglish seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the languagehave been understood.

一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。

例 4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroysthe old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.

对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。

例5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.

50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象, 穷知识分子以“跨掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现

而成为美国典型的穷人, 正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。

例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。

例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.◎假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。

(三)、分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。例如:

例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.

上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子, 但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译, 就可能被翻译成:

没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。

这样, 就使得译文极为不通顺, 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 我们应该把它译为:

大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。

例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which areboth instructive and entertaining.

分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义, 因此在翻译时, 可以采用分句法, 按汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句, 结果为: 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

下面我们再举一个例子:

例3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考题) 他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开, 就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。

例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.

虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的数目如此之多,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

(四) 、综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后,或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如:

例1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.

分析: 该句共有三层含义: A: 人们不敢出门; B: 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况; C: 警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中, B表示让步, C 表示原因, 而A则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:

尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无◎能为力。

下面我们再举几个例子:◎

例2. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short ◎intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.

对于现代书籍, 特别是教科书来说, 要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话, 那么就应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修改。

例3. Taking his cue from Ibsen`s A Doll`s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home becauseshe resents her husband`s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would needmoney to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.

易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。

例 4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new ◎tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.

到目前为止, 经历了18 和19 两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。

考研英语翻译中一些常用的结构及其翻译

all but:几乎,差不多as anything:非常地anything but:根本不apart from:除了but for:要不是by far:远不,……得多by no means:根本不by any means:无论如何due to:由于except for:除了far from:远非in contact with:与……联系instead of:而不是on account of:因为on the basis of:根据only to:结果是might/may as well:还是……的好not so much…as:与其说……不如说not really:远不not to mention:更不用说let alone:更不用说no more…than…:和……一样都不no less than:简直是nothing less than:完全是cannot…too…:再……也不过分rather than:而不是owing to:由于It is assumed that:人们认为It is said that:据说It is learned that:据闻It is supposed that:据推测It is considered that:据估计It is believed that:人们认为It is reported that:据报道It is well-known that:众所周知It is asserted that:有人断言It is clear/obvious/evident that:很显然It can’t be denied that:不可否认It must be admitted that:必须承认It must be pointed that:必须指出

考研英语长难句

1.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual

will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5,下同)

2.译文:那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量,并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。难句类型:倒装、省略

a本句的正常语序应当是:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句,如果按照以上语序,则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。

b在which引导的从句中,有两处省略:第一处在maximize 的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中,an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句,但是,因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语,所以引导词that 可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前,省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。意群训练:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual ◎will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 2. (This is)A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)

难句类型:复杂+倒装+省略;

(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望,此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望,后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。

A、这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因,是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现,只能出现在高级英语中,因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。

B、desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分,一个是to throw over reality a light,其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality 之后,正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw 距离不远,读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意:从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的,而是修饰一开始的desire的。

C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装,由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前,引发了定语从句中的倒装:正常语序应该是that might never be given away,倒装后系动词was被提前,given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B,是A让位于B,而A be given way to B,则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire,what 引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What 从句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装,正常语序应该是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。◎大宝考研版权所有,拒

D、就算能够看懂这句话的结构,可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是,哈代(注:人名老的冲动是一种简单的、说明现实的欲望,新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究一个东西的特点那样的欲望(新冲动),前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。

意群训练:(This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part

of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .

3. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (3)

难句类型:复杂修饰、省略、抽象词

译文:哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能,无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。

解释:介词from的宾语有两个并列的部分,由and所连接,在and之后的第二个from前,省略了前面一样的谓语动词derive。本句之所以难,有两个原因,一是derived from 后面的成分太长,初学者难以一下子看下来;二是作为一◎篇文科文章,用词抽象,难以迅速理解。意群训练:Hardy's weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.

4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. (5)

难句类型:复杂修饰、省略、抽象词

译文:弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf)在创作《黛洛维夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)时有关其创作意图的这番发人深思的陈述,迄今为止一贯为文学评论家们所忽略,因为它突出反映了她诸多文学兴趣中某一方面,而这一方面则与人们对“诗性”小说家(poetic novelist)所形成的传统见解大相径庭。所谓的“诗性”小说家,所关注的是审视想入非非和白日梦幻的诸般状态,并致力于追寻个体意识的通幽曲径。

解释:本句逗号以前只有复杂修饰的长主语有些难,但总的来讲比较好懂,since 引导的原因状语从句较难。A、since 之后的it指前面的statement,highlight的宾语an aspect之后有两个修饰成分,一个是of her literary interests,另一个是以that引导的定语从句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist,都是修饰an aspect的。Novelist后面又有由and 连接的两个介词结构concerned with doing 修饰novelist.

B、句中有两处省略,一是在her literary interests that is very different from 当中,修饰interests 的定语从句中引导词+be that is 一起省略了。第二处在and之后,由于concerned with与前面的concerned with 重复,所以concerned被省略。

C、本句另外一个难懂的地方,就是使用了大量的抽象词。这是文学市评论题材的文章的一个特点。

意群训练:Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

5. As she pu t it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .” (5-)

抽象词、抽象词组、比喻就像她在《致普通读者》一书中所表达的那样,“尽管可以毫无疑问的说,没有任何法律被指定出来,也没有任何高楼大厦被建立起来是因为乔叟说了什么或者写了什么;然而,当我们读它的书的时候,我们身上每一个毛孔都充满了道德” 这句话不但用了词抽象,还用了比喻的修辞手法。是指没有因为乔叟的言论而产生任何实际的行为规则或政治机构,但我们受其影响之深,以及其影响力之大。

意群训练:As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .”

6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis (4+)

难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、专有名词

译文:随着爆发出来的运动的结束,再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高,使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态,直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢,被肝脏转化成(convert into)葡萄糖,而葡萄糖接下来又会(部分)传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原。

解释:本句中修饰成分极多,以分词修饰和介词结构修饰为主,作各种类型的状语。前面的状语和主句还好理解,从leaving开始句子变难;leaving 引导的直到句末的结构来做整个句子的状语;分词中又包含了三个状语,其中的两个via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入语的作用,把be converted into拆成两段。本句的另外一个特征是其中充斥着专有名词。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通过字面的意思或者根据词头、词根我们

还是应该猜出其意思的,lactic acid, metabolism 和muscle 这三个词在生物类文章中极其常用,大家应该背下来;而glycogen 这种东西则没办法,只能作一个首字母提炼。但是请记住,GRE 和GMA T 文章中只要出现◎了这种专有名词,出题者是一定会在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的词义解释清楚的,所以读者遇到文章中做了解释的专有名词,应该力求把解释看懂。

英文版出生证明范例

Translation出生證明英文譯文範例 CERTIFICATE OF BIRTH File Series No. Relationship Father Mother Name : Date of Birth : Native Place : Address of Household Registration: Occupation : Location of Job : Job Description and Title : Infant's Sex : Number of live births to this mother(included this one) : Duration of Pregnancy(No.of weeks) : Weight at birth : Single or multiple births : Date of Birth : Address&Place of Birth : Delivered by : Hospital/Clinic/Midwifery/Home

others Physician/Midwife/others Special symptom of birthgiving mother&infant before&after childbirth seen in medical diagnose This is to certify that the above-mentioned facts are true and correct Name of Physician :

Physician License No. : Name of Hospital : Medical Practice License No.: Address : Dated.

证明用英语怎么说

证明用英语怎么说 篇一:在读证明英文翻译 在读证明英文翻译在读证明 兹证明xx(学号xxxx)与20XX年被录取于xxxx大学服装学院服装设计与贸易专业学习,现是xxxx大学xxx系四年级本科生,拟毕业时间20XX年7月。特此证明。 xxx大学服装学院 Towhomitmayconcern, Thisistocertifythatmr.xxx/mixxxwasmatriculatedbythefashioncollegeofxx xuniversityin20XX,majoringinFashiondesignandtrading.he/sheisstudying asaseniorstudentofxxxxdepartmentinxxxxuniversitynow,andwillgraduatei nJuly20XX. Fashioncollegeofxxxuniversity 20XX-11.26 大学在读证明 兹证明:学生##现就读于##大学四年制本科。自20XX年9月至今,该生在我校##学院##系##专业学习。如成绩合格将于20XX年7月取得毕业证书。我校是被中华人民共和国教育部认可的全日制高等学校。 ##大学教务处

educationcertificate Thisistocertifythatms##isnowstudyinginthefour-yearundergraduateprogra mat##university.shehasbeeneolledintheDepartmentof##,majoringin##fromseptember20XXtopresent.ms#willgetthebachelor’sdegreeinJuly20XXifshepassestheexaminationsintherequiredcourses.##un iversityisafull-timeaccreditedschoolforhighereducationapprovedbytheedu cationministryofthepeople'sRepublicofchina. studystatuscertificate Thisistocertifythat□□,female,wrotetheentranceexaminationofuniversityin20□,waseolledat□□universityof□□.Thestudentspecializesin□intheschoolof□□,grade:□,class:□,Reg.no:□□□,lengthofschooling:4□Years. □□universityof□□(seal) sept.□.20□ 在读证明 兹证明xx(学号xxxx)与20XX年被录取于xxxx大学服装学院服装设计与贸易专业学习,现是xxxx大学xxx系四年级本科生,拟毕业时间20XX年7月。特此证明。 xxx大学服装学院 Towhomitmayconcern, Thisistocertifythatmr.xxx/mixxxwasmatriculatedbythefashioncollegeofxx xuniversityin20XX,majoringinFashiondesignandtrading.he/sheisstudying

05 英文翻译模板 供参考

毕业设计(论文) 外文翻译 题目一种配电网小电流故障 选线新方法 专业电气工程及其自动化 班级 学生 指导教师 年

一种配电网小电流故障选线的新方法 I. Zamora, Member, IEEE, A. J. Mazón, Member, IEEE, K. J. Sagastabeitia, and J. J. Zamora 摘要:在配电网系统中,故障点经经高阻接地或者中性点经消弧线圈接地使得故障电流比较小。以前高的故障电阻主要由于非有效接地或者绝缘降低引起。到后来,中性点就不接地或者经消弧线圈接地,然而,由于这样使得故障电流很小,无法使传统的过流继电器动作或者熔断熔断。本文提出了一种适用于辐射状配电网的基于特定频率电压信号叠加原理的单相接地故障选线新方法,计算机仿真和实验室试验都证明这种方法对于任何形式的接地故障选线都比较准确。 关键词:配电网,故障诊断,小电流接地,信号叠加 符号说明 R fbi馈线i单相对地电阻 Iresi 馈线i残余电流 VNG中性点电压 VpG相电压 Vh参考电压 Ki 馈线i的不对称度 △Kri 馈线i对称度的相对变化率 (a) Prefault situation 故障前 (b) Superposition situation叠加信号时

1简介 配电网的维护和运行里面两个必须要考虑的关键问题是公网安全和电能质量。在最大限度内输送电能必须协调好电能质量和苛刻的安全极限之间的矛盾。所有这些实现都要以新的立法形势和把握好技术改进和经济维护为前提。 然而,设计一种完全可靠的电力系统是不可能的,所以就要发展在最短时间内找到故障点并恢复供电的各种技术,短路故障情况下,短路电流变化比较明显,所以很容易找出故障线路。但是,由于故障的特殊性,配电网中的小电流接地不能被通常的保护监测到。 小电流接地故障通常发生在于高阻接地或有中性点有补偿装置的系统中。在第一种情况下,间接接地或弧光接地使得故障电阻很大,从而限制了故障电流。在第二种情况下,独立的系统或者中性点经电抗接地的系统在发生单相接地故障时,允许系统急需运行相负荷供电一段时间。 无论如何,如果对小电流接地不进行监控,有可能使巨大的电能危及人身安全和设备安全,即使短路电路很小,对设备来说是安全的,但是故障时刻的高电压已经威胁到人身的安全。因此,研究小电流接地选线装置对公众安全是必要的。 目前,有很多人从事这方面的研究工作,期望找出最好的办法来解决这个问题。利用神经网络,小波变换和人工智能的方法已经越来越重要了。低频信号分析也已经被用来分析故障特征,在中性点经消弧线圈接地系统中,利用改变消弧线圈的档位或者在中性点向系统注入工频电流信号,通过检测其对地的流通回路,但是,大部分这种技术只是用于一些小电流接地故障或者仅仅用于特定的情况下和特定类型的配电网中。 本文提出了一种基于电压信号叠加原理来监测小电流故障的的新方法,该方法适用配电网中的任何接地故障类型。

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学士学位证书及毕业证英文翻译模板

学士学位证书及毕业证英文翻译模板 附录:今天老师给我们留了个作业,让我们把本科毕业证书翻译成英文的,怎么翻译啊~所以请大家帮帮忙吧~谁能给我提供一个毕业证书的英文模版啊~本科毕业证书的啊~越快越好,如果老师满意,多少钱我都不在乎~包括专升本证书,能有工商管理硕士的最好!学士学位证书英语翻译与毕业证英文翻译模板,为爱大学本科生及研究生提供英文毕业证翻译样本。首先请看《办理中英文成绩单、英文毕业证学位证书的须知》。涉及中文或英文成绩单翻译,含英文毕业证书学位证书的证明。学生学位证书英文翻译模板BACHELOR’S DEGREE CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Ms. Wang Danli, born in October 1977, has studied in the Department of Law, xxx University with a specialty of Law from September 1996 to June 2000. Upon completing and passing all the required courses of the 4-year undergraduate program, she is granted graduation. In accordance with the academic degree act of the People’s Republic of China, the aforesaid student is awarded the Bachelor’s Degree in Law. xxx Chairman of Degree Appraising Committee of xx University June 30, 2000 Certificate No.: 103354003888 本科毕业证书翻译模板DIPLOMA This is to certify that Ms. Wang Lan, born on February 29, 1980, has studied in the Department of Foreign Languages,xxxUniversity with a specialty of English from September 1997 to June 2000. Upon completing and passing all the required

研究生中英文在读证明(正式 版)

TIANJIN UNIVERSITY 研究生在读证明 兹有(硕/博)士研究生,性别,学号,出生日期,于年月入学,在学院专业学习,学制年,特此证明。 此证明用于_________________,有效期至:年月日。 经办人: Certificate This is to certify that the Ph.D/Master student _________________ (Gender__________, Date of birth ______________, Student No. ________________ ) is currently an enrolled, full-time graduate student at Tianjin University, majoring in _________________________ ( ____ years) , in the School of __________________________. The study period began from _________________. End of this certificate’s validity: ____________________ 研究生院培养办公室(章):学院(章): Office of Graduate Education ( Seal ) 201 年月日 通讯地址:天津市南开区卫津路92号邮政编码:300072 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6816939370.html, Address: No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China

出生证明 英文翻译 同出生证明一模一样的模版

BIRTH CERTIFICATE Full name of baby: xxx xxxxxx Sex: Male Date of birth: February 24, 2010 11:43 Place of birth: Beijing Gestation (week): 40 Health status: well Weight: 4740 g Height: 54cm Full name of mother: Wang li Age: 26 Nationality: China Nationality: Han Identity card No.: 110101198200000928 Full name of mother: Yan liang Age: 27 Nationality: China Nationality: Han Identity card No.: 110101198200000928 Type of place: General hospital Name of facility: Peking University People's Hospital Birth No.: J 1102077777 Date of issue: March 2, 2007 Testing organization: Beijing birth certificate MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA “The Medica l Certificate of Birth” is formulated according to “The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Maternal and Infant Health Care”. It is a legal medical certificate of people born in the People’s Republic of China. It is taken care of by the Newborn baby’s father and mother or guardian, can not be sold, lent or altered in private. And it is referred to upon civil registration.

中英文版在读证明

在读证明 兹证明李小强,男,生于1989年12月11日。该生于2007年9月经全国高等院校入学考试录取进入我校学习,学制4年;现为我校矿业工程学院采矿工程专业本科四年级学生,学号09070000。若按时修满学校规定相应学分并达到中国矿业大学毕业条件和学位授予条件,将于2011年7月毕业并获得相应学士学位。特此证明。 学院审核人签字: XXXX大学矿业工程学院XXXX大学教务部 20 年月日20 年月日 Registration Certificate of China University of Mining & Technology This is to certify that student LI Xiaoqiang, male, born on May 17,1990,passed the National College Entrance Examination and was enrolled into China University of Mining & Technology (CUMT) in September, 2007 as a fulltime undergraduate student with a four-year length of schooling. Now, he is in his fourth year study and majors in Mining Technology in the School of Mining Engineering, CUMT. His Student Registration Number is 09070000. If he/she obtains all the required credits and satisfies CUMT’s requirements for undergraduate graduation and degree conferring, he/she will graduate in July 2011 with bachelor degree. College Checker (Signature): School of Mining Technology Office of Teaching Administration (Seal): China University of Mining & Technology China University of Mining & Technology 03/ 02/ 2010(dd/mm/yyyy) 03/ 02/ 2010(dd/mm/yyyy)

证件翻译成英文

证件翻译成英文 “中国人的一生要办多少证件” 这个问题曾经在网络上掀起了一股讨论的热潮。最终广州市政协两个专委会和政协委员曹志伟调研数月得出了令人震惊的答案,中国人的一生最多可能要办400个证件。“中国式办证”一定程度上与过去的单位制度有关,个体做任何事都需要组织的证明,现今则主要是因为社会诚信体系和行政管理水平不高,为了挡住一些造假和便于管理,政府部门不断提高门槛,而提高门槛的办法就是出具各种官方的证明。 可以说过去的中国人,如果要做某件事不是在办证就是在办证的路上,不过随着近年来互联网信息技术的发展,大数据的广泛应用,各部门之间信息通道的逐渐打通,未来需要办理的证件会越来越少,电子化证件代替纸质化证件将会成为新的社会趋势。但是,现阶段“证件”作为用来证明身份、经历的证书和文件,仍然有着重要的作用,尤其是在涉外事宜上,很多证件还要翻译成英文。

证件翻译成英文有哪些特点? 1.证件作为个人身份、经历的证明文件,具有一定的法律小效力,信息在翻译过程中应绝对保证翻译件与原件内容保持绝对一致,用词准确,不允许出现错译漏译现象。 2.证件一般拥有全国统一的固定样式,翻译件不允许私自改变原件的排版,应严格按照原件格式进行排版,涉及印章、徽章、签字等信息时,应截图予以保留,并附翻译说明。 3.证件英语翻译件常被用于申请国外签证、留学、旅游、移民等涉外事宜上,材料提交单位多为各国驻华使领馆或签证中心,因此对于证件英文翻译件都有相应的文件要求,比如英属联邦制国家一般要求提交的翻译件文末附译员声明和译员的个人信息,包括译员签名、译员所在机构地址、联系方式、翻译日期。澳大利亚新西兰等国则要求翻译件必须由NAATI资质的译员翻译,并加盖NAATI 蓝色方形印章。 4.为保证证件英文翻译件的权威性,证件翻译件一般不允许私人翻译,一般需由有资质的正规翻译公司进行翻译,并加盖翻译公司中英文公章,公安部和国家工商总局备案的13位编码翻译专用章和涉外专用章,加盖印章的证件被各国驻华使领馆和签证中心认可,具有一定的权威性。正规翻译公司会附赠公司的工商营业执照副本的复印件,以便于执法机关审核翻译资质。 5.正规的证件翻译公司,是经国家工商总局批准依法设立,拥有统一社会信用代码的工商营业执照,经营范围包含“翻译服务”类目,公司英文名称包含“TRANSLATION”字样。 证件类型

出生证明翻译模板

BIRTH CERTIFICATE (Translation) “The Medical Certificate of Birth” is formulated according to “The law of the People’s Republic of China on Maternal and Infant Health Care”. It is a legal medical certificate of people born in the People’s Republic of China. It is taken care of by the Newborn baby’s father and mother or guardian, can not be sold, lent or altered in private. And it is referred to upon civil registration. MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (Seal) Full name of baby: XXXX Sex: XXXX Date of Birth: XXXX Place of birth: XXXX Gestation: XXXX weeks Health Status: Well Weight: XXXX g Height: XXXX cm Full name of mother: XXXX Age: XXXX Nationality: XXXX Nationality: XXXX Identity Card No.: XXXX Full name of father: XXXX Age: XXXX Nationality: XXXX Nationality: XXXX Identity Card No.: XXXX Type of Place: XXXX Name of facility: XXXX Birth No.: XXXX Date of issue: XXXX Issuing organization: XXXX (Seal for Guangdong Birth Certificate) __________________

英文翻译的小孩出生证模板

Chengdu Elite Translation Co., Ltd. Room 620, Block A, Tianyi International Mansion, No.2 West 1st Section of 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu City Tel: 86-28—85095809 Email: elite_123@https://www.doczj.com/doc/6816939370.html, BIRTH CERTIFICATE Full name of baby: XXXXXXX Sex: Female Date of birth: XXXXXXX Place of birth: Chengdu City Gestation (week): XXXXXXX Health status: well Weight: XXXXXXX Height: XXXXXX Full name of mother: XXXXX Age: XX Nationality: China Nationality: Han Identity card No.: XXXXXXXXXX Full name of mother: XXXXXX Age: XX Nationality: China Nationality: Han Identity card No.: XXXXXXXXXX Type of place: General hospital Name of facility: General Hospital of Chengdu Seamless Steel Tube Company Birth No.: XXXXXXXX Date of issue: XXXXXXXXX Testing organization: Special Seal for Chengdu Medical Birth Certificate of the General Hospital of Chengdu Seamless Steel Tube Company (seal) Note: This Medical Certificate of Birth is formulated according to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Maternal and Infant Health Care. It is a legal certificate of people born in the People’s Republic of China. It is taken care of by the newly born baby’s father and mother or guardian. Cannot be sold, lent or altered in private. And it is referred to upon civil registration.

在读证明申请(国外用版本)doc

浙江大学研究生在读证明 **************(去向部门的名称,如学校名、使馆、会议主办者等) 兹证明**,男(女),19**年**月出生。该生自20**年**月至今系我校**学院/系**专业攻读全日制硕士(博士)学位的研究生,学制:2(2.5、3、3.5、5(硕博连读))年。 浙江大学研究生院 2009年**月**日 CERTIFICATION **************(去向部门的英文名称) This is to certify that Mr(Ms).***, a candidate for the full time Master(Doctoral), degree, born in ***, is studying at the college/department of **, Zhejiang University with a specialty of ** since **.Years of Program :**. Graduate School Zhejiang University *.*.2009 ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY 中国·杭州 HANGZHOU CHINA 邮政编码(POSTCODE): 310027 电话(TEL): 86-571-87951446 传真(FAX): 86-571-87951124

在读证明申请 本人***(学号:***),因***(原因),需向***(去向部门的名称,如学校名(如用于申请留学,须列出学校名称,限于十所以内)、使馆、会议主办者等)出具如下在读证明: 兹证明***,男(女),19**年**月出生。该生自20**年**月至今系我校**学院/系**专业攻读全日制硕士(博士)学位的研究生,学制:2(2.5、3、3.5、5(硕博连读))年。 学生签名: 2009年**月**日 (非定向□定向□自筹□委培□) 导师意见: 签名:2009年**月**日院/系研究生科负责人(研究生科公章):2009年**月**日 定向培养与委托培养研究生单位意见 负责人签字:单位公章2009年**月**日

出生证英文翻译模板

福州翻译公司——福州快译典翻译推荐https://www.doczj.com/doc/6816939370.html, BIRTH CERTIFICATE 出生证明 “The Medical Certificate of Birth” is formulated according to “The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Maternal and Infant Health Care”. It is a legal medical certificate of people born in the People’s Republic of China. It is taken care of by the Newborn baby’s father and mother or guardian, can not be sold, lent or altered in private. And it is referred to upon civil registration. MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (seal) Full name of baby: 新生儿姓名Sex性别: Date of birth出生日期: Place of birth出生地点: Gestation (week)孕周: Health Condition: Weight: Height: Full name of mother母亲姓名: Age: Nationality: Nationality: ID Card No: Full name of father父亲姓名: Age: Nationality: Nationality: ID Card No: Type of place: Name of facility出生机构名称: Fujian Provincial MCH Hospital 福建省妇幼医院 Birth No.: Date of issue发证日期: Issuing Organization (seal): The Official Seal for Fujian Birth Certificate, Fujian Provincial MCH Hospital 福建省 妇幼医院,福建省出生证明专用章

英文翻译模板

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 题目Knowledge management component in managing human resources for enterprises 在知识管理组件型企业的人力资源管理 作者姓名 专业名称信息管理与信息系统 学科门类管理学 指导老师刘小豫 提交翻译日期二〇一四年十二月

Knowledge management component in managing human resources for enterprises 在知识管理组件型企业的人力资源管理 Abstract Both human resources and knowledge are valuable assets for enterprises; therefore, effective management of these assets becomes inevitably critical for business success. While human resource management systems have been a research topic for more than two decades, knowledge management systems applied to human resource management are relatively new to both academia and industry. This study examines the use of knowledge management in a business environment such as human resource management. The evolution of information systems and information processing in the human resource management domain is presented, and a knowledge-based decision support system for human resource management is proposed. Keywords:Human resource management ;Knowledge management;Intelligent information processing ;Decision support system 1 Introduction Ever since the computer technology was 摘要人力资源和知识是企业宝贵的资产;因此,这些资产的有效管理不可避免的成为企业成功的关键。而人力资源管理系统是已经超过二十年的一个研究课题,知识管理系统被应用到人力资源管理在学术界和工业界是相对较新的。本研究探讨知识管理在商业环境如人力资源管理的使用。在人力资源管理领域的信息系统和信息处理的发展提出了一个基于知识的决策支持系统,并对人力资源管理提出了建议。 关键词:人力资源管理;知识管理;智能信息处理;决策支持系统 1引言 自从计算机技术被开发和被应用到商业业

出生公证书中英文样板

出生公证书中英文样板 公证书 兹证明XXX(名字),男(女性别),于XXXX年XX月XX日在XX省XX市出生。XXX(名字)的父亲是XX(名字),XXX(名字)的母亲是XX(名字)。 NOTARIAL CERTICICATE This is to certify that XXXX(姓名),XXXX(性别male 男/ Female 女),was born on XX(月份),XX (日期),XXXX(年)in XXXX(城市名),XXXX(省)。His /Her(她或他)father is XXXX(名字)and His /Her(她或他)mother is XXXX。 此公正翻译仅供参考,具体以当地公证处翻译为准!

(委托)声明书中英文样板 声明书 声明人:XXXX,性别(男/女),XXXX年XX月XX日出生,身份证号码:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX,现住XX省XX市。 我是XXX(XXXX年XX月XX日出生,身份证号码:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX)的父亲(母亲),本人现郑重声明:本人同意我的妻子(丈夫)XXX(XXXX年XX月XX日出生,身份证号码:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX)携带我们的儿子(女儿)XXX前往欧洲旅游。 我保证以上陈述是本人真实的意思表示,如违反上述承诺,愿承担由此产生的一切经济和法律责任。 声明人: XXXX年XX月XX日 STATEMENT I,the undersigned XXX ,XXXX(性别male 男/ Female 女),was born on XX (月份)XX(日期),XXXX(年),ID card No. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, now residing in XXXX (城市), XX (省). I am the father(父亲/mother母亲) of XXXX(名字) (born on XXX月份XX日期, XXXX年, ID card No. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX), and now I hereby solemnly declare that I give my consent to my wife/husband(妻/夫) XXXX(名) ( born on XX月XX 日, XXXX年, ID Card No. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX) taking our son/daughter (儿子或女儿) XXXX (名字) to Europe for you. I ensure that the above statement is the presentation of my true meaning. I shall bear any economic and legal responsibility arising from any violation of the statement. XXXX(签字) XXXX 年月日期 此公正翻译仅供参考,具体以当地公证处翻译为准!

外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)教学提纲

毕业论文外文文献翻译 院 年级专业: 2009级XXXXXXXXXXX 姓 名:学 号:附 件: 备注:(注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可)

1.从所引用的与毕业设计(论文)内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译(不少于3000实词); 2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分,第一部分为外文文献;第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译,两部分之间用分页符隔开。也就是说,第一外文文献部分结束后,使用分页符,另起一页开始翻译。 3.格式方面,外文文献的格式,除了字体统一使用Times new roman 之外,其他所有都跟中文论文的格式一样。中文翻译的格式,跟中文论文的格式一样。 (注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可,定稿后,请删除本页.) 范文如下:注意,下面内容每一部份均已用分页符分开了,如果用本模板,请将每一模块单独删除,直接套用到每一模板里面,不要将全部内容一次性删除. 【Abstract】This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on

the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.,Times New Roman. 【Key Words】Brand positioning; Marketing mix; Positioning Strategy; enlightenment, lessons;ABC (本页为英文文献摘要,关键词两项一起单独一页,字体为:Times New Roman,小四号,1.5倍行距)

美国签证在读证明样本中英文完整版

美国签证在读证明样本 中英文 集团标准化办公室:[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]

在读证明 兹证明,女/男,护照号码,出生于年月日,于年月进入我校学习,现为我校年级班的学生。该生在校期间学习成绩优异,尊敬师长,团结同学,积极参加各项集体活动,是一名品学兼优的好学生。 我校同意他/她于到期间出发去(国家)旅游,费用由承担,在次期间保留其学籍,旅游回国后继续学习。 特此证明!如有任何疑问,请联系(学校领导名字), 电话(校领导电话)。 校长:(签字)盖章 学校名称: 学校地址: 学校电话: 日期:年月日 说明: 1、在确保以上参考模板相关要素具备的前提下,不必要求完全一致的格式; 2、打印在学校抬头信纸上,需要有手写签名并加盖公章。学校名称及印章要与注册材料上名称一致。 LETTEROFCERTIFICATE (Name),Male/Female,bornon__ (Date/Month/Year),andhasbeenstudyinginourschoolsince__ (Date/Month/Year).Nowhe/sheisastudentof(XXDepartment,XXSubject).Weagreewithhim /hertohaveatriptoXXXX(CountryName)during(Date/Month/Year)to__ (Date/Month/Year)inhis/herholiday. HerebyCertificated! Foranyquestions,pleasecallMr./Mrs.(TeacherName)tothetelephonenumber:. Bestregards!

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