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现在完成时讲解

现在完成时讲解
现在完成时讲解

现在完成时讲解

第一部分:

现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:

构成:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他

(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)

否定式:主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +过去分词 + 其他

疑问式:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

简略答语:Yes, 主语 + have / has.(肯定)

No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t.(否定)

第二部分:

现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:

1.以already, just和yet为标志

already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn’t come back yet.他还没有回来。

2.以ever和never为标志

ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。

This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。

3.以动作发生的次数为标志

若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。

He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。

4.以so far为标志

so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。

He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

第三部分:

过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

“终止”、“延续”要转换

英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“Cats” has been on for half an hour.《猫》已经开演半个小时了。

How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了?

初中阶段常见的有:come—be, go out—be out, leave—be away (from), begin—be on, buy—have, borrow—keep, join—be a member / 介词短语, die—be dead, become—be, open (v.)—be open (adj.) 等。

时间“点”、“段”须分清

过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如:

He has been away for two years.他已走了两年。(for +时间段)

He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教

师。 (since +过去某一时刻)

第四部分:

A) 选用have, has填空:

1. I _______ told him the news.

2. She _______ come back from school.

3. You _______ won the game.

B) 按要求改写下列各句:

4. They have bought a computer. (改成否定句)

_________________________________________

5. He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)

— ______________________

— ______________________

Key:

1. have

2. has

3. have

4. They have not / haven’t bought a computer.

5. — Has he lost his book?

—Yes, he has. / No, he has not / hasn’t.

怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时

现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时,关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解,因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。

现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点,所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点,所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。

现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较:

(1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如:

We have been cleaning the classroom. (a)

We have cleaned the classroom. (b)

(a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰。(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了。另外,(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。

Be careful! John has been painting the door.(a)

John has painted the door.(b)

(a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心。(b)句则无此含义,油漆可能已干了。

(2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。如:

They have been widening the road. (a)

They have widened the road. (b)

(a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续体的动词),但无临时性质。如:Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)

Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)

(a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义,(b)句则没有。

(3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:

My mother has been teaching English for twenty years. (a)

My mother has taught English for twenty years. (b)

(a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。另外,(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续,并将延续下去,(b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。

(4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:

Have you been meeting her lately? (a)

Have you met her lately? (b)

(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often, every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。

(5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。如:What have you been doing? (a)

What have you done? (b)

(a)句表示惊异,(b)句只是一个问题。

Have you been waiting long? (a)

Have you waited long? (b)

(a)句比(b)句生动。另外,(a)句比较口语化。

I have been wanting to meet you for long. (a)

I have long wanted to meet you. (b)

(a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。

Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly. (a)

Recently Mary has done her work regularly. (b)

(a) 句显然是在表扬玛丽,(b)只说明一个事实。

还有一例,颇为有趣:

Who’s been eating my apples? (a)

Who’s eaten my apples? (b)

(a)句有强烈的感情色彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。另外,(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”。

A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。例如:

The car has arrived. 车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)

Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)

B. 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如:

My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。

How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了?

注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。例如: (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。

错误:I have bought the book for three months.

正确:I have had the book for three months.

(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了?

错误:How long has your brother joined the army?

正确:How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?

延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换

leave --- be away borrow --- keep buy --- have die --- be dead

begin/start --- be on finish --- be over fall ill ---be ill get up---be up

catch a cold --- have a cold put on→ wear come/become/go --- be here

fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)

get to know --- know join----be a member of ... (成为…的一员)

open ---be open close ---be closed

用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词,句中谓语动词用现在完成时,时间状语为“for+时间段”

或“since+时间点”。

如: He has been in the Green China for three years.

He has been a member of the Green China for three years. 他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。

The old man died 4 years ago.---- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined th e Party 2 years ago.---- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.---- I have had the book for 5 days.

表示时间段的短语有:

for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。

V. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别

1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

I saw this film yesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。)

I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)

2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:…ago, last week/...

In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ... Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前) 现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever, never, twice, so far(到目前为止), since,for,in the past/last few years , already (肯定句), yet(否定,疑问句), just(刚刚), before(以前)连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

VI. 比较since和for

since 后接时间点, for后接时间段,试比较:

I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.

My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a l ong time.

VII. 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in

have(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了”,可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for, how long 等

He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海 He has been to Shanghai.

他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai.

他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了

( )14. It ___ ten years since he left the army .

A. Is B. has C. will D. Was

( )15. Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library.

A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

( )16. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.

A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been

( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, ____?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

( )18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ____________ ?(改成附加疑问句)

2、They have been here since 2001. (提问) ___________ have they been here?

3、The old man _________ last year. He ____________for a year. (die) (动词填空)

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ____________________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Green ____________________ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . 三、汉译英。

1、他昨天收到一封信。

________________________________________________

2、我父亲以前到过长城。

_______________________________________________

3、她去过上海。

______________________________________________________

4、他这些天上哪儿去了?

____________________________________

现在完成时练习:

一、单项选择。

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A.Did do finished

B.Have done finished

C.Have done have finished

D.will do finish

11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined

B. has joined

C. was in

D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well ?

— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were

B. have been

C. have become

D. have made

21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left

B. had left

C. has been away

D. had been away

22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined

B. have joined

C. have been in

23.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.

A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

24.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made

B. have been

C. made

D. have become

26.The meeting _____ for a week now.

A. has finished

B. has ended

C. has been over

27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.

A. has been in

B. has come to

C. has taught

30. How long _______ he ________ ?

A. died

B. has, died

C. has, been dead

31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept

B. was sleeping

C. has sleep

D. had slept

32.He ________ the car for a week.

A. bought

B. has bought

C. has had

33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.

A. did fall

B. have, fell

C. have, been

35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.

A. borrow

B. keep

C. take

40.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.

A. borrow

B. lend

C. get

D. keep

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ______?(改成反意疑问句)

_______________________________________________

2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ______ for twenty years.

3、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)

_______________________________________________

6、Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______________________________________________

8、_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

一、用过去时或现在完成时填空:

1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?”“Yes.”

“When ________ you __________ (have) it?”“I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”

2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I __________ _. I ________________ (write) one last week.”

3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?”“Not yet.”

4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?”“Yes, just once.”

5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.

6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.

7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.

8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.

9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.

10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?

11.Have you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? ““Yes, I __________ .”

“Where______ you ___________(buy) it?”“ I _________(buy) it in a bookstore.”“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?”“Yesterday.”

二、用since和for填空

1. ______ two years

2._______ two years ago

3. _______ last month

4.______ 1999

5._______ yesterday

6. _______ 4 o’clock

7. ______ 4 hours 9. _______ we were children 11.______ she left here

12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

三、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.

2) David ________ the park just now.

3) John _______ England since he came back.

4) How long _____ have _____ this village?

5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

6) _____ you ever ____ America?

-- Yes, I _____ there many times.

7) I _____ this school since three years ago.

8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.

9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.

10) Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.

11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo.

12) He often _____ swimming.

13) _____ you ______ there last year?

14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?

四、综合练习:

I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?”“No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?”“Yes, it has _________ left.”

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是:现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑:究竟是不是完成时? 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上,我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的,学生们能够较好的理解这一说法,并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段,多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词, 比如以下的这些句子(均摘录自人教版教材):

Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志,无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣,我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握:以前(before)从来不(never)出现,最近(recently)曾经(ever)一两遍(once/twice/many times…), 自从(since+时间点)刚刚(just)for一段(for+一段),至今(so far/up to now)已经(already/yet)很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中,教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及(since/for)的区别着重分章节讲解,让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中,我们可以看到:“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括”现在“在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如:

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时间和现在完成进行时 一、现在完成时 1. 通常使用现在完成时的几种情况 (1)表示过去发生的事对现在的影响 Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. (Justin 失踪在过去,但是Kelly 至今仍旧为他的失踪感到难过) (2)表示过去的动作一直延续到现在 I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night. (从上周五晚上到现在一直没有见到过Justin) (3)表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要 The boy has already come home. (男孩已经回家,但没有指出何时回家) (4)表示刚结束的动作 The police have just finished searching the area. (警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) (5)表示反复发生的动作 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. (村民曾多次看到UFO) 2. 现在完成时的结构 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。 3. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 (1)表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响,动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束,一般可用already (用于肯定句)、yet (用于否定和疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately 和never Tom has already come home. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. I’ve met the old man somewhere before. (2)表示从过去开始,并一直持续到现在,一般用for/since短语或由since 引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语,在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语,或表示过去时间的状语从句。 We haven’t seen him for two days/since last Monday. We haven’t seen him since he left Nanjing. 4. 现在完成时的应用 (1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连 用,若要接用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如: He has left. 他走了。 He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。 Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗? How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久? 注意:非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如: He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后,他再也没有借这本书了。 (2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去 某地,现在不在这儿。如: He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大,现在在我们公司工作。

现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)

现在完成时讲解 一、构成: 肯定式:主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 过去分词规则变化: a)一般情况下,直接加ed, (work---worked,water---watered, finish---finished等;) b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, (carry---carried study---studied等;) c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。(stop---stopped,shop---shopped) d)以不发音的e结尾的动词,只加d ( 过去分词不规则变化表: 二、用法: 用法一:表示过去(已经、曾经或从未)发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志词:①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦once/twice/数字+ times 例:I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的,不需要打扫了) They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice. a)already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 ?He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 ?Has he already left here? 他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?(表示加强语气) ?My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 ?Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗? b)never 是否定词,表示“从来没有”,而ever 表示“曾经” ?We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 ?Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗? c)just用于句中, 表示“刚刚” ?I’ve just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。 ?What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么? d)before用于句末, 表示“以前” ?I’ve seen it before. 我以前见过它。 练习:用never,ever,already,before, just或yet填空。 1. I have __________seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has __________finished his homework. 3. --Have you _________seen the film? --No, I have ________seen it. 4. ---Has the bus left _______? ---Yes, it has ________ left. 5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _________.

现在完成时的用法讲解

现在完成时的讲解 对所学时态的回顾,引入现在完成时 通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。(导入)有时候,这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。 一现在完成时的构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 eg .Ihavetaught Englishinthisschoolsince1999. 二、否定式:主语+ haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词。 疑问式:Have /Has + 主语+过去分词? 简略答语:Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定) No,主语+ haven’t/hasn’t.(否定) —Have you finishedyourwork? —Yes,I have. 三现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already/yet,just,never/ever,before,so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义. 1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例: 1)I've already read thisbook. 我已经读过这本书了。 (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。) 2)I'vewashedmy clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。 (洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。) 注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:

现在完成时讲解讲课教案

如何使用现在完成时 同学们我们已经学习了现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这4种时态的用法,但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。 一、现在完成时的构成 (一)肯定式 主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它 说明:这里的have /has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。has,have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例: 1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到) (如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到) 3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的) (二)否定式 主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它 说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not,has not的缩略式分别为haven't ,hasn't。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。实例: 1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。 2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。 3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如: 4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。 (三)一般疑问式 助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它? 说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some ,already改为any ,ye t 就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ,主语+have/has.否定回答用“No,主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No,not yet./No ,never./No,not even once.”等。实例: 1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗? —Yes ,I have .是的,我做过。 2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗? —No,never.不,从来没有。 3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗? —Yes ,they have.是的,他们找到了。 注意:当句中有否定词not ,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:You have never come to our school ,have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?二、现在完成时的用法 (一)现在完成时的用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还、已经),just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下: 1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。

现在完成时态讲解

现在完成时讲解 一.基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二.句型: 否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三.用法 (1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句(过去时) ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.

四.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方) My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方) My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 五.现在完成时的标志 1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。 * 以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时讲解 第一部分: 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始: 构成:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他 (当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式:主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +过去分词 + 其他 疑问式:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语:Yes, 主语 + have / has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t.(否定) 第二部分: 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: 1.以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn’t come back yet.他还没有回来。 2.以ever和never为标志 ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。 3.以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 4.以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 第三部分: 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。 “终止”、“延续”要转换 英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“Cats” has been on for half an hour.《猫》已经开演半个小时了。 How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了? 初中阶段常见的有:come—be, go out—be out, leave—be away (from), begin—be on, buy—have, borrow—keep, join—be a member / 介词短语, die—be dead, become—be, open (v.)—be open (adj.) 等。

英语现在完成时态讲解

现在完成时 一、定义:表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下,也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成:现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的, 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如:I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示:在现在完成时的各种结构中,have, has均为助动词,无实际意义,只起构成时态的作用,不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词: AAA型

初中英语主要时态系列(六)——现在完成时讲解和练习

初中英语主要时态系列(六)——现在完成时讲解及练习 1 现在完成时的基本结构 肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) 2 现在完成时的用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。 与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already(肯定句句中), yet(否定句/疑问句句尾), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。 2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。 He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。) 此种用法常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词:go out----be out finish----be over open----be open die----be dead buy---have fall ill---be ill come back----be back catch a cold----have a cold 3 现在完成时常见考法 对于现在完成时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时,或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。 【典型例题】

现在完成时讲解和练习(中文讲解)

现在完成时的用法和练习 一、现在完成时的基本用法 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。常用副词just, already和yet, 通常译作:刚刚做了某事,已经做了某事,还没有做某事现在完成时的 此类用法只用一般疑问句提问。 He has left Beijing. 他已经离开北京了。(He is not in Beijing now.) I have just had lunch. 我刚刚吃过午饭。( I am not hungry now.) She has already cleaned the house. 她已经把房子打扫过了。(The house is now very clean.) We haven’t thrown out the trash. 我们还没有把垃圾扔出去。(The trash is still in the house.) Have you done your homework yet? 你的作业已经做了吗? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Ex. 1. We ___________ just ___________ (have) a P.E. class. We are very tired now. 2. She _______________________ (not find) the key __________. She can’t get into the house. 3. He ______________________ (go) home. He is not at school now. 4. __________ you __________ (tell) your parents about it _________? 5. I __________ already __________ (tidy) the room. It’s not messy any longer. 2. 表示到现在为止曾经有过某种经历。常用副词ever, never 和before. 通常译 作:曾经做过某事此类用法通常也只用一般疑问句提问或是用how many times 提问。 Have you ever swum in the sea? No, never. Have you ever eaten pizza? Yes. A lot of times. I have been to America once. He has never traveled by ship. Have you drunk whisky before? How many times have you visited the Great Wall? * This is the most interesting book I have ever read. * This is the second time I have flown in a plane. Ex. 1. --__________ you __________________ (ever run) marathon? --No, I haven’t. It’s too hard for me. 2. He _________________________ (visit) the Summer Palace three times. 3. --__________ you __________________ (ever be) to Macao? --Yes, I have. It’s an interesting place. 4. This is the highest building I ___________________________ (ever see). 5. I __________________________________ (never play) golf. 6. This is the first time she ___________________________ (be) a volunteer. 3. 表示从过去某一时间开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常用for + 一段时间, since+过去的一个时间点或一般过去时的从句, (since 1980/two years ago/he moved to this city) so far, recently, in the last/past … years 等副词或短语。通常译作:做某事做了多长时间了,自从某时就一直做某事,到目前为止已经做了此类完成时的用法通常用how long 提问, 或是有关量的提问。 I have been a teacher for five years. They have worked in the company since 1998. --How long have played computer games? --For two hours. He has lived in Beijing since he was born. I haven’t seen him recently. --How many English words have you learned so far? --About 1500. Ex. 1.I ____________________ (know) him for ten years. 2.We _____________________ (live) in this house since 1990. 3.I ________________________ (not see) her since she ____________________ (leave) Beijing. 4.She ________________________ (write) five books since she _________________ (become) a writer. 5.They ______________________ (not spend) a holiday in the last few years. * 注意:在这类现在完成时的句子中,动词必须是持续性/延续性动词,这一点与中文不同。中文中点动词(终止性动词或非持续性动词)也可以和 表示一段时间的状语连用。而在英语句子中必须将这些动词换成相对 应的持续性动词。比较下面的句子:

现在完成时讲解及练习(无答案)

现在完成时 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句:have或has提前 对于初接触现在完成时的人来说,往往会产生一种茫然,因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。那就是,这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。其实不然,现在完成时主要表示,发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续;侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别,就很容易理解现在完成时了。它主要适用于下面的几种情况: 1)表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止,我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。 She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。 2)表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗? 3)表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能还要延续 It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思,以及它所处的语言环境。例如: He speaks English .(一般现在时,说明动作发生的经常性。) He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .(一般过去时,说明动作发生的时间。) He is speaking English.(现在进行时,说明动作正在进行。) He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(现在完成时,这里说明动作的总和。) He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. (现在完成进行时,强调动作的连续性。)2)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时;如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。 例如:I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow. I would not play tennis if it rained the next day. 3) 有些动词表示无法持续的动作,它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有:be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。 Be动词若是用于进行时态,可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如: Tom is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖。 He is being childish .他这样做是耍孩子气。 You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚。 4)关于现在完成时的时间状语问题 A. 凡是"完成时态"都表示,不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里,不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语,如:yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等;但常和有些副词连用,如:just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。 B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外,ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里,因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间,属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义,因为它只表示"以前",而不知什么时候的以前。 C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子,不可以和以for表示的"一段时间"的状语连用。在这种情况下,应该用"It has been …;since…"的句式来表达。如: He has joined the army for five years. (错误)

最新现在完成时的用法讲解

现在完成时的用法复习整理 一、谓语部分结构:助动词have (has) +过去分词 过去分词的构成分规则的和不规则的,规则的与过去式的构成方法一样,不规则的只有单独记了,无人能帮你。 1.肯定句:主语+have( has) +过去分词+其它。 2. 否定句:主语+have( has)+ not+过去分词+其它。 have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t. 3.一般疑问句结构:Have( Has )+主语+过去分词+其它?4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has) +主语+ 过去分词+其它? eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t. 二、常搭配的时间状语:already, yet, just, ever, never,in the past +时间段,so far 这几个词的位置除了yet常在句尾外,其余的通常都在句中,即have/has的后面,行为动词的前面。但already也可在肯定句尾,表示强调,在疑问句末尾表示惊讶等。 eg. Has he finished his homework already? 对他完成了作业感到惊讶。 另,before 也可以与现在完成时连用。

eg. I’ve ever been there before. It was ten years ago. 三、常用用法 1、表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。Eg.The doctor has left .(他现在不在这儿,找不到他了。) The students have cleaned the classroom.(现在教室是干净的) I have just read the book.( 现在我知道这本书的内容了) 比较:I read the book last month.(只是说明read这个动作是在上个月发生的而已,没有谈及对现在有什么影响) 总结:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果,强调的是现在的情况或者状态,与过去没有关系,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时只表示这动作是在过去某个时间发生的,或者说是过去某个时间发生了某个动作而已,和现在没有关系。它就可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,比如:yesterday, just now , last year , in 2000, some minutes ago, the day before yesterday etc. I have seen the film already. (现在我已经了解这部电影的内容了,至于什么时候看的没有关系,反正我已看过了。) I saw the film last year .( 只是表示我是去年看的这部电影。) 2、表示某个动作或者某个状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在(包括现在在内)。这种可以和表示延续的时间状语连用,如 since 或者 for.

现在完成时态讲解及练习

现在完成时态讲解及练习

现在完成时态讲解及练习 一、现在完成时的构成 肯定句:主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句:Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下 : 1.一般情况下,直接在动词原形后面加–ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加–d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词,这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母,再加–ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. (原形,过去式 和过去分词一致) 1. 花费co st cost cost 2. 割cu t cut cut 3. 伤害hu rt hur t hur t 4. 让let let let 5. 放pu t put put 6. 朗读re rea rea ad d d 7. 设置set set set 8. 打击, 碰撞 hit hit hit 9. 关上 门窗 sh ut shu t shu t 10 . 让let let let 二、ABB(过去式和过去分词一致) 1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought

现在完成时讲解与专项练习

现在完成时讲解 一、基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) 二、用法 1)现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。) I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) 2)现在完成时的"未完成用法" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点)连用. Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago. 注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语) 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for, since连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 ,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently, still, latel y等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing

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