英语专业四级阅读理解高分特训100篇-第4章 英语专业四级能力提升篇(教育文化类)【圣才出品】

英语专业四级阅读理解⾼分特训100篇-第4章英语专业四级能⼒提升篇（商业经济类）【圣才出品】商业经济类（Passage 83～88）Passage 83 题材：商业经济类字数：476 建议⽤时：6.5分钟The global financial crisis of 2008 hit consumers hard. Two years later, and they're still reeling. Spending is down across the board, and even the more affluent are watching their pennies. In this fearful climate, retailers are applying ever more scientific and psychological tactics to lure them back. This was made clear to me on a memorable day in 2010 when I visited the laboratory outside of Chicago of one of the world's largest consumer goods manufacturers.After driving for nearly two hours, I reached my destination: a huge, imposing warehouse, with no outward sign, and a vast parking lot full of cars. A friendly receptionist checked my identity, had me sign all sorts of paperwork, and directed me through a door labeled Control Room. It was massive, and resembled images I've seen of NASA's operations area—row upon row of people staring intently at hundreds of screens, only they were monitoring shoppers pushing carts around the aisles of a supermarket that had been designed to test their responses to different marketing strategies. “Take a careful look at this lady,” said one of the monitors, pointing to a middle-aged woman on the screen. “She's about to enter our latest speed-bump area. It's designed to have her spend 45 seconds longer in this section, which can increase her average spend by as much as 73%. I call it the zone of seduction.”This particular section of the market was different from the usual aisle. For astart, it had different floor tiles—a type of pattern conveying a sense of quality. And instead of the cart gliding imperceptibly across nondescript carpet, it made a ringing sound, causing the shopper to instinctively slow down. The shopper's speed was displayed at the top of the screen, and as soon as she entered the zone, her pace noticeably slowed.Over several months of experimenting with signs, the team noticed that using a dollar sign in front of the price decreases our likelihood of making the purchase. The dollar sign is a symbol of cost, rather than gain. Removing the sign helps the consumer escape the harsh reality of outstanding bills and longer-term financial concerns. No doubt the larger cart and the changed floor tiles also played their part, but what was most surprising was our need to hoard. A pronouncement allowing only three cans per customer can seal a deal.The next time you go grocery shopping, take a look at the signs, the type of floor, and even the carts. Everything has been designed with an eye towards getting you to grab those three cans of something that was not on your list. The more attention you pay to the details, the more aware you'll become of how you're being manipulated. One thing is for certain; whoever made those three cans will be watching you just as closely.1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _______.A. the affluent are more thrifty than the average peopleB. there is lack of consumer confidence after the financial crisisC. consumers tend to increase their savings for bad yearsD. retailers are expect to reduce prices to promote sales2. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the laboratory?A. The warehouse is similar to NASA in terms of size.B. Shoppers of many supermarkets were monitored.C. The scenes in the laboratory were awesome.D. A middle-aged woman was picked out randomly.3. We can infer from the passage that shoppers _______.A. should realize the marketing strategies of manufacturersB. may be tempted to buy things they didn't intend toC. are under constant supervision of manufacturesD. should watch their wallets when going shopping4. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Appeal to Your Stocking Instinct.B. Retailers' Marketing Tactics and Performance.C. What Your Supermarket Knows About You.D. The Impact of the Recession on Consumers.5. What does t he word “imperceptibly” （Paragraph Three）probably mean?6. Which was a little unexpectedly effective in sealing a deal?「⽂章⼤意」本⽂围绕零售商针对消费者⼼理采取的营销策略进⾏说明。

英语专业四级考试阅读理解冲刺题(1)(附答案)来源：考试人Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to location of manholes. At the airport, it took just 15 seconds for the computerized immigration system to scan and approve my passport. It takes only one minute to be checked into a public hospital.By 199& almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV and the Internet, the global computer network. Shoppers will be able to view and pay for products electronically. A 24-hour community telecomputing network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives and retrieve information about government services. It is all part of the government's plan to transform the nation into what it calls the u Intelligent IslandIn so many ways, Singapore has elevated the concept of efficiency to a kind of national ideology. For the past ten years, Singapore's work force was rated the best in the world-ahead of Japan and the U. S. -in terms of productivity, skill and attitude by the Business Environment Risk Intelligence service.Behind the ''Singapore miracle11is a man Richard Nixon described as one of M thc ablest leaders I have met/ one who, M in other times and other places, might have attained the world stature of a Churchill. n Lee Kuan Yew led Singapore's struggle for independence in the 1950s, serving as Prime Minister from 1959 until 1990- Today (1995), at 71, he has nominally retired to the office of Senior Minister, where he continues to influence his country's future. Lee offered companies tax breaks, political stability, cheap labor and strike-free environment.Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and thanks to strict adherence to the principle of merit, personal opportunities abound- "If you've got talent and work hard, you can be anything here，" says a Malaysian-born woman who holds a high-level civil-service position.Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the M moral breakdown M of Western countries- He attributes his nation's success to strong family ties, a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosophy that he claims is superior to America's.In an interview with Readers Digest, he said that the United States has "lost its bearings11 by emphasizing individual rights at the expense of society. M An ethical society/ he said, H is one which matches human rights with responsibilities. u1.What characterizes Singapore's advancement is its _ ・puter monitoring.B ・work efficiency •C. high productivity・D. value on ethics.2・ From Nixon's perspective, Lee is __ .A.almost as great as Churchill.B• not as great as Churchill.C. only second to Churchill in being a leader.D・ just as great as Churchill.3.In the last paragraph, "lost its bearings11 may mean _ .A • become impatient ・B• failed to find the ri ght position.C. lost its foundation・D ・ grown band-mannered ・4・"You can be anything here H(Paragraph 5) may be paraphrased as __ .A.You can hope for a very bright prospect.B • You may be able to do anything needed・C. You can choose any job as you like.D・ You will become an outstanding worker.5. In Singapore, the concept of efficiency __ .A.has been emphasized throughout the country.B.has become an essential quality for citizens to aim at.C.is brought forward by the government in order to compete with America. D・ is known as the basis for building the ^Intelligent Island・H答案：DDBAB英语专业四级考试阅读理解冲刺题(2)(附答案)来源：考试人Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947),Flixborough (1974), Scvcso (1976), Pcmcx (1984) and Bhopal (1984).Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough・The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at BhopakSome experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate (不肖酸纟安),which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Hixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep• When the poisonous gas drif ted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction os exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.1 .Which of the following statements is true?A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home・B.Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office・C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry-D.Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.2.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because ___ ・A.they are very rareB.they often cause loss of lifeC.they always occur in big citiesD.they arouse the interest of all the readers3.According to passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of managementhappened at ____ ・A.Texas cityB.FlixboroughC.SevesoD.Mexico City4.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of __ ・A.natural gas, which can easily catch fireB.fertilizer, which can r t be stored in a great quantityC.poisonous substance, which carft be used in overcrowded areasD.fuel, which is stored in large tanks5.From the discussion among some experts we may coclude that __ ・A.to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryB.the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industryC.all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been takenD.natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe答案：DBABC英语专业四级考试阅读理解冲刺题(3)(附答案)来源：考试人What wc know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible・ How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood・ Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child・In our discussion of instincts wc saw that there was reason to believe that whatever wc inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics・It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence・ If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorousemotions・ If these factors arc all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest・ The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.1 ・ Which of the following statements is not true?A.Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy・B.11 is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.C.The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.D.There are no connection between mother's nervous systems and her unborn child's・2.A mother will affect her unbom baby on the condition that ___ .A.she is emotionally shockedB.she has a good knowledge of inheritanceC.she takes part in all kind of activitiesD.she sticks to studying3.According to the passage, a child may inherit __ ・A.everything from his motherB.a knowledge of mathematicsC.a rather general ability that we call intelligenceD.her mothers musical ability4.If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will ___ ・A.surely become musicianB・ mostly become a poetC.possibly become a teacherD.become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Role of Inheritance.B.An Unborn Child.C・ Function of instincts.D.Inherited Talents答案：BACDA英语专业四级考试阅读理解冲刺题(4)(附答案)来源：考试人The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a gcncration. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become n better M people, and learn to be more responsiblecitizens than those who don't go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious・College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out一often encouraged by college administrators・Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves一they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness・ Others blame the state of the world, and they arc partly right. Wc have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences・ Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people arc merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place・And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much bette匚But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1 .According to the author, __ ・A.people used to question the value of college education.B.people used to have full confidence in higher education・C.all high school graduates went to college・D.vcry few high school graduates chose to go to college・2.In the 2nd paragraph, ”those who don't fit the pattern0 refer to __ ・A.high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education.B.college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis.C.college students who aren't any better for their higher education.D.high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college.3._____________________________________________ T he dropout rate of college students seems to go up because ______________________________ ・A.young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college・B.many people arc required to join the army.C.young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education<D.young people don't like the intense competition for admission to graduate school.4.According to the passage, the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that _____ .A.society cannot provide eno ugh jobs for properly trained graduates.B.High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.C.Too many students have to earn their own living・D.Collcgc administrators encourage students to drop out.5.In this passage the author argues that _ ・A.more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates.B.College education is not enough if one wants to be successful・C.College education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people.□.Intelligent people may learn q uicker if they don't go to college.来源:考试大.专四专八考试答案：BCCAA英语专业四级考试阅读理解模拟题(5)邙付答案)来源：考试大Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance・ But noise is more than just a nuisance・ It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health・ Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress・ Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds——sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night.The annoyance wc feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made imtable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other thing may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health・Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in health persons may have seriousconsequences for these already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers arc exposed to industrial and environmental noise・ During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard・l.In Paragraph 1, the phrase "immune to u arc used to mean ___ .A.unaffected byB.hurt byC.unlikely to be seen byD.unknown by2.The authors attitude toward noise would best be described as __ ・A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A.Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance・B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem・C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.4.The author condemns noise essentially because it __ ・A.is against the lawB.can make some people irritableC.is a nuisanceD.in a ganger to people's health5.The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to beA.unimportantB.impossible ・C.a waste of moneyD.essential答案：ACCDD英语专业四级考试阅读理解冲刺题(6)(附答案)来源：考试人Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said一the words・ Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone・ Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words・We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except M Im letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what Vm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling/1 Mostly we mean several things at once・ A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before Ell buy.'* The owner says, H It's been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: M I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can! you?n The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing・ But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says "No!" to a serials of charges like H You,re dumb/ H You're lazy/ and H You re dishonest/ may also say "No!" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is "And youYe good looking/1We would do well to listen for how messages arc presented. The words, "If sure has been nice to have you over/ can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times・ And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes・1 .Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if __ ・A.they use proper words to carry their ideas・B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.C.they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words.D.thcy arc capable of associating meaning with their words.2.'Tm letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means_ ・A.Fm just calling your attention.B.Fm just kidding.C.Fm just saying the opposite・D.Fm just giving off some sound.3.The house-ownefs example shows that he actually means __ ・A.the step has been like that for years.B.hc doesn't think it necessary to fix the step.C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared・4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable ifA.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.B.seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior.C.taken as part of an ordering sequence・D.expressed to a series of charges・5 .The word ’Titualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done_ ・A.without true intention.B.light-heartedly.C.in a way of ceremony.D.with less emphasis.答案：DBABC。

四级阅读理解80篇一．阅读理解概述大学英语四级考试阅读部分共有四篇短文，考试时间为35分钟。

每篇文章长度在250~300词左右，共有20题。

考试形式为多项选择题，要求考生根据文章内容从中选出最佳答案。

阅读理解占总分的40%，几乎达到总分的一半。

因此，考生对阅理解这一部分应有足够的重视。

阅读理解中的文章所涉及的题材十分广泛，但大致可分为两大类。

一类是人文社会方面的，诸如政治、经济、法律、历史、地理、文化、教育、人物、家庭、婚姻、伦理、犯罪以及交通、能源、环境等社会问题。

另一类是自然科学方面的，如动植物、生物、医学、地质、海洋、天文、空间技术及其它最新科技发展及其成果。

就文体而言，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。

记叙文记叙过去发生的事件和经历，包括传记、游记、报导、回忆录和故事等。

说明文说明客观事物和现象的特点和性能。

议论文是采用摆事实讲道理的方式来论说某一观点是否正确，由论点、论据与结论构成。

从历届四级考题来看，虽然各类题材和文体都有，但主要还是与科技内容有关的说明文与议论文。

阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下几方面的能力：1．掌握所读文章的主旨和中心大意；2．了解说明中心大意的事实和有关细节；3．根据上下文判断词汇和短语的具体含义；4．既能理解单个句子的意思，又能判断句与句之间存在的逻辑关系；5．既能理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的分析、判断和推论；6．领会作者的观点和态度。

由此可见，要想在阅读理解这一部分取得较佳成绩，考生除了要有一定的词汇短语及语法知识作基础外，还必须具有一定的快速阅读能力和分析、理解、判断以及推理的能力。

这些能力是可以通过大量的阅读实践和一定的方法指导，逐步得到提高的。

二．阅读理解题目的类型及解题方法很多同学在做阅读理解题时都有这样的经验，即使在能读懂文章的情况下，有时也难免选错答案，其中一个重要原因，是没有把握住阅读理解题的一些基本特征。

四级考试阅读部分的题型主要有以下四种类型，各有其出题的目的与解题方法，现分别介绍如下：1．主旨题主旨题是阅读理解中每次必考的问题类型之一，其目的在于考查考生是否能把握所读文章的主旨和中心大意。

专业英语四级考试阅读题型冲刺训练（1篇）专业英语四级考试阅读题型冲刺训练 1Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals. Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the parison is an appropriate one. In potential food value however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year. The sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.No one yet has seriously suggested that “planktonburgers” may soon e popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever to inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very high in food value.A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are related.If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many scientists reason, they must certainly be contenders as new food source for humans.1.Which of the following best portrays the organization ofthe passage?A.The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food source.B.The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton.C.The author classifies the different food sources according to amount of carbohydrate.D.The author makes a general statement about plankton asa food source and then moves to a specific example.2.According to the passage, why is plankton regarded to be more valuable than land grasses?A.It is easier to cultivate.B.It produces more carbohydrates.C.It does not require soil.D.It is more palatable.3.Why does the author mention “planktonburgers”?A.To describe the appearance of one type of plankton.B.To illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes.C.To suggest plankton as a possible food sources.D.To pare the food values of beef and plankton.4.What is mentioned as one conspicuous feature of krill?A.They are the smallest marine animals.B.They are pink in color.C.They are similar in size to lobsters.D.They have grass like bodies.5.The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be considered a human food source except that it is ___.A.high in food value.B.in abundant supply in the oceans.C.an appropriate food for other animals.D.free of chemicals and pollutants.。

社会生活类（Passage 25～30）Passage 25 题材：社会生活类字数：385 建议用时：4.5分钟Strikes and demonstrations in Germany, Britain and France helped to make the shorter working week a union priority. Employers gave way because in Germany sweating capital investment had traditionally been the way German managers sustained high productivity.In Britain, there was a certain cynicism in agreeing to a reduced working weekas British workers have always opted for extensive overtime to make up low basic wages. A nominal 35-hour week merely allowed more overtime.Working with union leaders such as Ron Todd and Bill Jordan in Britain and Hans Mayr, the wily IG Metall leader, in Germany, I found that there was one big gap in the movement for a 35-hour week. The Swedish union movement refused categorically to join the campaign.Given that in the 1980s—as today—95% of the Swedish workforce is unionized, the absence of the Swedish metalworkers’ union left a large hole in the European campaign. The Swedish thought that focusing on nominal weekly working hours was fatuous.The Swedish metal union believed that the distribution of working time should focus on annual holidays, family leave and on rigidly enforced limits on overtime that would be unacceptable to any self-respecting British shop steward. For the Swedish unions, working hours should help support Volvo, Saab, Electrolux andother companies faced with the growing challenge of globalization.To prescribe a rigid working week as the solution to European labor market problems just did not make sense to the calm, consensual approach that had allowed Swedish capitalism to flourish while delivering the best version of “social Europe” on offer in the continent.At the time, it appeared frustrating to see this breach in solidarity. But today, the Swedish refusal to make a totem out of the 35-hour week appears more than justified. Sweden has maintained both full employment and record levels of trade union membership. By contrast, in Germany and France, where the 35-hour week was introduced, the continuing high level of unemployment and the lack of movement and energy in the labor market have contributed to the biggest slump in trade union membership ever seen in both countries.1. The reason why in the end the 35-hour week has been gotten through in Germany is that _____.A. facing vast stri kes and demonstrations, German managers couldn’t deny thelongstanding fact of overworking employees for high profits.B. German workers devoted themselves to striking and demonstrating againstthe former longer workingweek.C. the new working rule has been approved in most of European countries.D. the new working rule would definitely improve the rate of employment.2. In the 7th paragraph, what does “breach in solidarity” refer to?A. “Social Europe”.B. Prosperity in Sweden.C. Swedish noninvolvement.D. The 35-hour week.3. Which statement is true according to the passage?A. Swedish workers hardly dissented from its government in its working weekproblem.B. Until today there have been 95% of the Swedish metalworkers that areunionized.C. Those British managers who have self-respects are considered to oppose arigid enforcement of limits onovertime.D. Under the challenge of globalization, some major Swedish companies haveturned to annual holidays andfamily leave for help.4. In the second paragra ph, what does “nominal” mean here?5. What is the author’s attitude towards the 35-hour week?「文章大意」本文主要围绕工人罢工和游行是否真正争取到了权利展开论述。

大学英语四级考试精读荟萃100篇(44):露天演出的服装Pageants are usually conceived on a fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.Most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy. Research among archives and books in the public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavour. From the first economy will have to be practiced because there are usually a great number of people to dress. Leading characters can be considered individually in the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind.Many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. This is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. No longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers. Very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. The location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made as to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available.If money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. When there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be reduced to the basic necessities. Cloaks and shawls become invaluable, sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. Unwanted curtains and bed spreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. These are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics such as velvet or chenille.Colors should be massed together so that there are contrasting groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. Crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be ground to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact.The use of numbers of identical head-dresses, however simply made, are always effective when working with groups. If these are made of cardboard and painted boldly the cost can be almost negligible. Helmets, hats and plumes will all make quite a show even if the costumes are only blandest or sheets cleverly draped. The same can be said of theuse of banners, shields and poles with stiff pennants and garlands—anything which will help to have a unifying effect. Any kind of eye-catching device will always go with a flourish and add excitement to the scenes.1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. Pageants. [B]. Costumes on the stage.[C]. Costumes for pageants. [D]. How to arrange a pageant.2. It can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design is[A]. money. [B]. color. [C]. harmony [D]. texture3. Why will much ingenuity have to be required in costume design?[A]. Because pageants take place in daylight in the open air.[B]. Because different characters require different costumes.[C]. Because the colors and textures must be in harmony with the setting.[D]. Because an allocation of the funds available is usually rather small.4. Why do most pageants have a historical flavour?[A]. Because most pageants take place for celebration.[B]. Many pageants take place for amusement.[C]. A lot of pageants take place for religion.[D]. Because pageants usually take place for competition.Vocabulary1. conceive 设想，想象to be conceived 设想好的，构思好的2. under the auspices of 在……的主办下3. meager 贫乏的，不足的4. mount 登上，制作，上演5. flavour 风味，风格，情趣6. archive(s) 档案(馆)7. distraction 使人分心的事8. ivy 常春藤9. mellow 柔和的10. recourse (to) 依赖，求助于11. drape 覆盖，披上12. invaluable 无价的，非常贵重的13. tunic (古时)长达膝盖的外衣，穿在盔甲上的战袍14. chenille 绳绒绒(织品)15. jumble 混乱，搞乱16. pennant 细长三角旗17. garland 花环，花冠难句译注1. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.[结构简析] 复合结构。

PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT ARacket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night.The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other thing may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.1.In Paragraph 1, the phrase "immune to" are used to mean ___.A.unaffected byB.hurt byC.unlikely to be seen byD.unknown by2.The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as ___.A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A.Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.4.The author condemns noise essentially because it ___.A.is against the lawB.can make some people irritableC.is a nuisanceD.in a ganger to people's health5.The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be ___.A.unimportantB.impossible.C.a waste of moneyD.essentialTEXT BWhat we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.6.Which of the following statements is not true?A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during theirpregnancy.B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.C. The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.D. There are no connection between mother's nervous systems and her unborn child's.7. A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ____.A. she is emotionally shockedB.she has a good knowledge of inheritanceC. she takes part in all kind of activitiesD. she sticks to studying8.According to the passage, a child may inherit____.A. everything from his motherB. a knowledge of mathematicsC. a rather general ability that we call intelligenceD. her mother's musical ability9.If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of thehands or of the vocal organs, he will ____.A. surely become musicianB. mostly become a poetC. possibly become a teacherD. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music10.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Role of Inheritance.B. An Unborn Child.C. Function of instincts.D. Inherited Talents.TEXT CThere are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(不利) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(抚养) homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.11.This selection can best be titled____________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence12.The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence13.According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.A. 85 .B. 100C. 110D. 12514.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain15.This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q. _______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhoodTEXT DPersonality is，to large extent, inherent --A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides ,the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!".By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations . It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into 'B's. The would needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.16.According to the author, what factors contribute to the building of personality?A. inheritanceb. inheritance, competition and environmentc. competitiond. environment17.Which of the following statements is not true according to the author of the passage?A.Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies.B. Students are often divided by competition results.C. School is place where children cultivate their characteristics.D. The stronger desire for winning, the better.18.The phrase "soak up" is closest in meaning to ____.A. pull upb. take upc. take ind. pull in19.What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools?A. positiveb. negativec. doubtfuld. neutral20.what suggestion does the author make concerning the management of schools?A. All students be made into competitive A types.B. A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future job.C. All students be changed into B characteristics.D. Schools abolish all forms of examinations.答案： 1-5 ACCDD 6-10 BACDA 11-15 B C B C C 16-20 BDCCB。

Exercise 4PART V READING COMPREHENSION 25 MIN.TEXTADuring the Old Kingdom, the Egyptians made many practical advances in mathematics and the sciences. Egyptian farmers devised methods of surveying land out of necessity. When annual floods washed away boundary markers, farmers had to remeasure their fields. The need to survey land led to the development of mathematics, particularly geometry. Egyptians learned to measure the areas of squares and circles and to figure the areas of squares and circles and to figure the volumes of cylinders and spheres.The need to predict regular events such as Nile floods and eclipses led to advances in astronomy. Priests observed the skies and plotted the courses of stars and planets. These priest astronomers used their knowledge to produce a calendar with a 365-days, and they divided a year into 12 months, with three seasons: the Nile flood season, the planting season, and the harvest season. They calculated that each month had 30 days and they added five days to the last month to total 365 days. Although the Egyptians made no allowance for leap years, their calendar, as modified by the Greeks and Romans, is the basis for the modern calendar.The Egyptian also invented techniques to build impressive stone monuments. Stone workers learned how to cut tall obelisks from a single rock, using hot fires and cold water to make the surrounding rocks crack. They then finished the job with hammers and crowbars. Egyptian engineering of temples and pyramids was so precise that each block fit perfectly into the next one.Egyptians also made important medical discoveries. Although Egyptian doctors relied heavily on magic, they made scientific inquiries. By studying the human body, doctors learned to perform surgery. Ancient papyrus texts describe successful operations to set broken bones and treat spinal injuries. The Greeks and Romans acquired much of their medical knowledge from Egyptian sources.81. According to the passage, the development of geometry in the ancient Egypt wasdirectly due toA. the vast kingdomB. the floodC. the repeated surveys of landD. the development of the mathematics82. The ancient Egyptian priestsA. could predict all the regular eventsB. developed astronomyC. produced the current calendarD. divided a year into four seasons83. We can learn from the last paragraph thatA. the Egyptian doctors were superstitiousB. the Egyptian doctors could perform operations by magicC. the Egyptian doctors used papyrus to operate on human bonesD. the Egyptian doctors were greatly influenced by the Greeks and Romans84. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Nile and the Ancient Egypt.B. Floods and Geometry.C. The Ancient Egyptian Scientific Achievements.D. The Ancient Egyptian.TEXT BJournals written for college classes differ from private diaries written for ourselves. While historically the two terms have been used interchangeably, today we can make a useful distinction between them: diaries are personal notebooks that contain private thought, memories, feelings, dreams--things of importance to the writer and nobody else. Journals, however, have a more limited focus; they center more on the point where writers' personal lives meet their intellectual and social lives--in this case, centering on that meeting as it takes place in the study of literature.If your English teacher has asked you to keep a journal, it is probably with the hope that you will use it to locate, collect, and make sense of your thoughts about the content of your literature class: about your reactions, your candid reactions to particular lectures; about first ideas for writing assignments and later thoughts on revising those assignments; about the personal connections you may make between this course and the rest of your life--whatever they may be.It might also help to separate journals from class notebooks. Unlike diaries, class notebooks contain almost nothing at all that is personal, being filled as they are with other people's ideas: lecture and discussion notes, copied quotations, next week's assignments and so on. These notebooks are especially useful to help you pass examinations, but that's about it. Think of your journal as a cross between a diary (subjective) and a class notebook (objective): in the journal you write about the object of study from your own personal perspective – and you write primarily to yourself.85. According to the passage, what is the purpose of teachers in assigningjournals on literature?A. To help the students understand the literature works and the lesson.B. To make sure that the students have read the novels, plays, or poems.C. To find out the students' roles in the discussion.D. To check whether the students are hardworking.86. We can infer from the passage that journal isA. a piece of writing kept to yourself exclusivelyB. a piece of objective writingC. a piece of writing both private and publicD. assigned by teachersTEXT CUS President Bill Clinton announced a plan for expanding a visa programme for foreigners with high-tech skills last Thursday. Clinton wants to issue an extra 362,500 H-lB visas during the next three years and four times the fees collected to create a training and education program for US workers. He would also require that up to half the foreigners hold master's degrees or above to ensure US companies get highly skilled people. H-lB visas are issued to foreigners with college degrees and allow them to work in the United States for up to six years. Their number is 115,000 this year, but is scheduled to fall to 107,500 next year and then to 65,000 per year after that.High-tech industry officials say at least 300,000 jobs are unfilled due to the lack of qualified US applicants. Labour unions argue the industry is looking overseas mainly to hold down wages. Clinton's proposal would set an overall limit of 200,000visas a year for three years, with 10,000 designated annually for research and higher education.He would increase the current USSS00 fee for visas to USS2,000 for most companies and USS3,000 for companies that depend on foreigners for at least 15% of their work force. Half the extra money would be used to train US workers, 30% would pay for educating US workers and 20 % to improve the Immigration and Naturalization Service.Also, Clinton proposed to change a deadline for long-term illegal immigrants to apply for legal residence. Currently, only immigrants who arrived before 1972 can apply for legal status.Clinton wants to move the date to 1986, allowing many more immigrants to gain legal status.87. It can be inferred from the second paragraph thatA. according to Clinton's proposal, 362,500 H-lB visas will be issued in the nextthree yearsB. Clinton wants to increase the wages of workers with high-tech skills by fourtimesC. Clinton wants to collect more money to train and educate the native workersD. Clinton won't allow people of college degree to immigrate to the U. S.88. Why does Clinton put forward this proposal?A. He wants to increase more opportunities of employment.B. He wants to meet the need of the companies for people of high-tech skills,according to the high-tech industry officials.C. He wants to improve the working conditions for the foreign workers.D. He wants to reduce the wages of the workers, according to the high-techindustry officials.89. Clinton proposed toA. increase the current fee for visas by USS1,500 or US$2,500B. increase the current fee for visas by USS2,000 or USS3,000C. increase the current fee for visas to USS 2,000 for companies that dependon foreigners for at least 15 percent of their work forceD. increase the current fee for visas to USS 3,000 for companies that dependon foreigners for no more than 15 percent of their work force90. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. The proposal was put forward last week.B. The number of visas given to foreign workers of college degrees willincrease.C. Half of the foreign workers should hold master degrees.D. Half of the money collected from the increase of the fee for visas will bespent on U. S. workers.91. The passage is most likely fromA. an article of economicsB. a text of historyC. a political reviewD. a news reportTEXT DAmerica has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans"discovered" America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty and persecution, a chance to start again. We can say that, as a nation, America begins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin?American literature begins with American experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus, before the Northmen who "found" America about the year 1000, Native Americans lived here. Each tribe's literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spanish, French, and English. In addition, the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness tell unforgettable tales of hard and sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.Experience, then, is the key to early American literature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, and these experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. These writers included John Smith, who spent only about two-and-one-half years on the American continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd, who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians, explorers, Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owners- they are all the creators of the first American literature.92. What does the ,that hope" refer to?A. The hope that America would be discovered.B. The hope to start a new life.C. The hope to find poverty and prosecution.D. The hope to start American literature.93. When did American literature begin?A. When the ship Mayflower arrived.B. When the European explorers arrived.C. When the Northmen arrived.D. Far earlier than the year 1000.94. We can learn from the tribes' literature.A. the Native Americans' daily lifeB. the arrival of ColumbusC. the European explorers' experienceD. the early colonists' experience95. By the last paragraph, the author wants to tell people thatA. experience is the key to American literatureB. people with rich experience became famous writersC. there were a lot of writers in the early AmericaD. the writers in the early America were from the Great Britain96. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Poor people escaped from America.B. Native Americans left a lot of works of literature.C. The earlier colonists~ experience was heartbreaking.D. Some writers from the Great Britain believed in the brilliant future ofAmerican literature.TEXT EWe plunge into an icy mountain lake and experience the initial shock of the water; soon the water feels comfortable. We step into a hot bath and feel practically scalded for a moment or two, then settle down with a sigh. We notice delightful smell as we enter a friend's house, but after a short stay the smell seems to fade. These common experiences illustrate the process of sensory adaptation--the fact that our sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus tends to decrease over time. When we first encounter a stimulus, like the bathtub water, our temperature receptors fire vigorously. Soon, however, our temperature receptors fire less vigorously. Through the process of sensory adaptation, the water now feels cooler.Sensory adaptation has some practical advantages. If it did not occur, we would constantly be distracted by the stream of sensations we experience each day. We would not adapt, to our clothing rubbing our skin, to the feel of our tongue in our mouth, or to bodily processes such as eye blinks and swallowing. However, sensory adaptation is not always beneficial and can even be dangerous. For instance, after about a minute our sensitivity to most odors drops by nearly 70%. Thus, in situations where smoke or harmful chemicals are present, sensory adaptation may actually reduce our sensitivity to existing dangers. In general, though, the process of sensory adaptation allows us to focus on changes in the world around us, and that ability to focus is what is usually most important for survival.97. It can be concluded from the first paragraph thatA. ice mountain lake is coldB. bath water is hotC. delightful smell will fadeD. people can get used to an unchanging stimulus98. Which of the following is an illustration of sensory adaptation?A. People will feel a shock when they plunge into cold water.B. People will feel scalded when they get into a bathtub full of hot water.C. Hot water will gradually become cold.D. The delightful smell seems to fade though you find it strong at thebeginning.99. What is the purpose for the author to cite the example "after about a minute our sensitivity to most odors drops by nearly 70%"?A. To illustrate the definition of sensory adaptation.B. To show the sensory adaptation to smells works fastest.C. To illustrate the disadvantage of sensory adaptation.D. To show the harm smoking does.100. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Sensory adaptation is essential to human beings.B. Sensory adaptation can reduce our sensitivity when a sudden stimulusoccurs.C. Sensory adaptation weakens over time.D. Sensory adaptation is always beneficial.PART V81．C．细节题，答案在第一段，洪水的频发造成农民每年都需丈量土地，几何学也就日益发达了。

英语专业四级阅读冲刺训练附答案2018年英语专业四级阅读冲刺训练附答案All roads lead to Rome.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年英语专业四级阅读冲刺训练附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind—football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon withastonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineeringattractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team game". We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no " matches" between "teams" of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obvious teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physicalqualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier (滑雪手) is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of efforts, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.1. Mountaineering involves_______.A. coldB. hardshipC. physical riskD. all of the above2. The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind ofA. activityB. rulesC. uniformD. participants3. Mountaineering can be called a team sport becauseA. it is an Olympic eventB. teams compete against each otherC. mountaineers depend on each other while climbingD. there are 5 climbers in each team4. Mountaineers compete against_______.A. natureB. each otherB. other teams D: international standards5. The best title for the passage is_______.A. Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and FootballB. Mountaineering Is More Attractive than Other SportsC. MountaineeringD. Mountain Climbers答案：1.D2.B3.C4.A5.C。