LESSON EIGHT
四种完成时态
主系表
现在：You are rich.
过去：You were rich.
将来：You will be rich.
过去将来：You would be rich.
There be
现在：There is a book on the desk .
过去：There was a book on the desk.
将来：There will be a book on the desk.
过去将来：There would be a book on the desk.
主谓宾状
现在：You study English in the school.
过去时：You studied English in the school.
将来时: You will study English in the school.
You are going to study English.
You are to study English.
You are about to study English
过去将来：You would study English in the scho You were going to study English.
You were to study English.
You were about to study English.
You are studying English.
You were studying English.
You will be studying English.
You woud be studying English.
课堂练习
1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？
3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗？4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.
5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？
6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？
7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？
8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？
9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?
10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？
11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
课堂答案
1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？Do you know why your teacher’s father beat him yesterday?
2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？
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Do you know how the pretty girl of your class becomes the best students?
3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗？Do you know why the dog of his family bit you yesterday?
4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.
Yesterday, my mother asked me where I was going to study English.
5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？
Do you know how many books there were in the library of your school yesterday?
6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？
Do you know when his father died?
7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？
Do you know why the mouse loves rice?
8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？
Do you know how many books your teacher is going to write nest year?
9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?
Do you know where your teacher is having lunch? 10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？
Do you know what your father and mother were doing in the living room at half past 7 yesterday?
11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
The doctor told me that he was helping in the
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hospital.
四种完成时态
▲完成时态的构成
▲现在完成时态的基本用法
1. 表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
应该明确现在完成时态属于现在时态的范畴。它所强调的不是过去发生的动作，而是对现在产生的结果和影响。否则用一般过去时态就够了。请看下面的对话。
●A－We will send some one to America.
我们要派一个人去美国。
B－I have been there.
我去过美国。
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= I was there and I know the country very well. Would you send me there?
我去过那儿，很了解那个国家。能派我去吗？
C－I have not been there.
我还没去过那儿呢。
= I didn’t go to America. It is my turn.
我没去过。这次该我了。
上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国。所以B用现在完成时态是想说明自己有经验，派他去好。而C用现在完成时态是说自己没去过，轮也该轮到他了。两句都是强调对现在产生的影响。
Did you have lunch?
Have you had lunch?
Did you study English?
Have you studied English?
Laochang died?
Laochang has died?
Who was herer?
Who has been here?
Have you done your homework
2. 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。
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通常用于持续性较强的动词，例如：live, study, wait for, be等等，并且常常与since, for连用，since给出的是过去的一个时间点，如since 1958, 而for往往给出的是一个时间段，如for three years。
●He has studied English for eight years.
●Since1980, they have known each other.
注：完成时态表示延续的用法不可跟非延续动词连用，如：die, go, leave, receive等。请看下面例句：
╳His father has died for three years.
●His father has been dead for three years.
第一句是错的。“死”这个动作不可能延续。但一种状态却可以延续。第二句用主系表句型是对的。
▲过去完成时态，将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态学习完成时态应注意，所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的，现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不同的只是时间上的概念。所以我们只要掌握现在完成时态，然后在时间上向过去推便是过去完成时态，向将来推便是将来完成时态。
3完成时态在主从句中的用法
完成时态除上面讲到的两种基本用法之外，在主从句中通常可以用来表示主句与从句动作发生的先后次序。
●Do you know he has finished his homework?
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现在完成时态“has finished”表示发生在一般现在时态“know”之前。
●I heard he had bought a new car.
过去完成时态“had bought”表示发生在过去时态“heard”之前。
现在完成时态“have had supper”强调吃过饭之后，即强调从句动作发生在主句之前。从上面几个例句可以看出，在主从句中现在完成时态往往表示发生在另一个现在时态的动作之前，而过去完成时态则表示发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前。请注意下面的例句：
以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法。请同学们在做练习时多加注意。
一、完成下列句子。
1. He said （他从未去过西藏Tibet）.
2. （他从未给我写过信）since he left
Beijing.
3. He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了
camera）.
4. I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.
5. By the end of that year （他已集了一千多
张中国邮票）.
6. I really don’t know（他是否已经到了实
验室laboratory）.
7. The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer
（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.
8. I could not remember whether （他已经付
了字典钱）.
9. I’m afraid I （到时还没有找到正确的答
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案）.
10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I （就会
把这件事全忘光的）.
二、完成下列句子。
1．He said that he had never been to Tibet.（他从未去过西藏Tibet）.
2．He hasn’t written to me（他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.
3．He said that he would have done with (have used) my camera by the end of next month.（他下月
底就不用我的照相机了camera）.
4．I hope that the rain will have stopped by tomorrow noon.（雨会在明天中午前停下来）.
5．By the end of that year he had collected more than
a thousand Chinese stamps.（他已集了一千多张
中国邮票）.
6．I really don’t know whether he has got to the laboratory or not.他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）.
7．The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer after he has experienced such a thing.（在他经
历了这样的事情之后）. Has gone through
8．I could not remember whether he had paid for the dictionary.（他已经付了字典钱）
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9．I’m afraid I won’t have got the correct answer by then.
（到时还没有找到正确的答案）.
10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I will have forgotten
all about the matter.（就会把这件事全忘光的）.
三、完成下列句子。
1.He said （他从未去过西藏Tibet）.
2.（他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.
3.He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了
camera）.
4.I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.
5.By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张
中国邮票）.
6.I really don’t know （他是否已经到了实验室
laboratory）.
7.The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer
（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.
8.I could not remember whether （他已经付了
字典钱）.
9.I’m afraid I （到时还没有找到正确的答案）.
10.Don’t worry. Before I get home I （就会把这
件事全忘光的）.
二、时态选择。（该题全部取自于全国高考原卷）
1.—What do you want ______ those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat.
A. by
B. for
C. of
D. with
2.—he start at once or wait for a while?
—Let him start at once.
A．Will B．Would C．Does D．Shall
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3.I can’t tell you if it tomorrow.
A．will rain B．rains C．shall rain D．does rain
4.Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night? It was really good.
—No, I didn't._____?
—“Tea House”.
A. What was it
B. What's on
C. What was it about
D. How about it
5.—Can you give me the right answer?
—Sorry, I _______．Would you repeat that question?
A．ha dn’ t listened B．haven’t listened
C．don’t listen D．wasn’t listening
6.I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is
pouring down．They _______ for me impatiently．
A．may wait B．ought to wait
C．could wait D．must be waiting 7.—Haven't seen you for ages! Do you still work in Fuzhou?
—_____.It's two years since I worked there.
A. Yes, I have
B. Yes, I do
C. No, I haven't
D. No, I don't
8.Goodbye, Peter, remember me to your parents.
— ______.
A. It's very kind of you to say so
B. Thanks, I will
C. You are so kind
D. Thanks, what a good idea
9.You are talking too much.
—Only at home. No one ______ me but you.
A. is hearing
B. had heard
C. hears
D. heard
10.—We want someone to design the new art museum for us.
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—the young fellow have a try?
A. May
B. Shall
C. Will
D. Need
11.I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard
from her by now.
A. hasn't written
B. doesn't write
C. won't write
D. hadn't written
12.I didn't like aunt Lucy, who _____without warning and presenting
A. always turned up
B. has always turned up
C. was always turned up
D. was always turning up
13.—Has Tommy finished his homework yet?
—I have no idea; he it this morning.
A. was doing
B. had been doing
C. has done
D. did
14.The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy
bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to f ind it.
A. had cried; lost
B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost
D. cries; has lost
15.—Hey, look where you are going?
—Oh, I’m terribly sorry_____________.
A. I’m not noticing
B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed
D. I don’t notice
16.—Do you know your town at all?
—No, this is the first time I _______ here.
A. was
B. have been
C. came
D. am coming
17.I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--Oh, not at all. I ___________ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
18.—__________ my glasses?
— Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see
B. Had you seen
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C. Would you see
D. Have you seen
19.You don’t need to describe her.
I ______ her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
20.—Who is Jerry Cooper?
—________ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’t you met him yet
21.Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her
husband _____ home.
A. has left; come
B. left; had come
C. had left; came
D. left; came
22.How long ________ each other before they _____ married?
— For about a year.
A. have they known; get
B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get
D. had they known; got
二、时态选择。（该题全部取自于全国高考原卷）
1.—What do you want ______ those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat.
A. by
B. for
C. of
D. with
1.D do sth with sth or want sth with sth 意思是用什么东西或要什么东西做什么。
2.—______ he start at once or wait for a while?
—Let him start at once.
A．Will B．Would C．Does D．Shall
2.D．Shall shall表示征求对方意见。
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3.I can’t tell you if it tomorrow.
A．will rain B．rains C．shall rain D．does rain
3.A．will rain 表示将来发生的事。
4.Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night? It was really good.
—No, I didn't._____?
—“Tea House”.
A. What was it
B. What's on
C. What was it about
D. How about it
4.B. What's on 意思是演的是什么。
5.—Can you give me the right answer?
—Sorry, I _______．Would you repeat that question?
A．hadn’ t listened B．haven’t listened
C．don’t listen D．wasn’t listening
5.D．wasn’t listening 表示刚才一瞬间，所以要用过去进行时。
6.I promis ed to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring
down．They _______ for me impatiently．
A．may wait B．ought to wait
C．could wait D．must be waiting
6.D．must be waiting must be or must do都可以表示对目前的推测。该话应译成：想必他们等我等的不耐烦了。
Must be must be doing
Must have been Must have done 7.—Haven't seen you for ages! Do you still work in Fuzhou?
—_____.It's two years since I worked there.
A. Yes, I have
B. Yes, I do
C. No, I haven't
D. No, I don't
7. D. No , I don't It's two years since I worked there. 此句应译成我已
经有两年没在那里工作了。
8.Goodbye, Peter, remember me to your parents.
— ______.
A. It's very kind of you to say so
B. Thanks, I will
C. You are so kind
D. Thanks, what a good idea
8.B. Thanks, I will。在答应别人时应该用will表示坚决。
9.You are talking too much.
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—Only at home. No one ______ me but you.
A. is hearing
B. had heard
C. hears
D. heard
9. C. hears 表示事实用一般时。
10.—We want someone to design the new art museum for us.
—the young fellow have a try?
A. May
B. Shall
C. Will
D. Need
10.B. Shall shall表示征求对方的意见。have a try 试一试，have a look 看一看。
11.I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from
her by now.
A. hasn't written
B. doesn't write
C. won't write
D. hadn't written
11.A. hash' t written 因为recently表示过去延续到现在，应用过去完成时。
12.I didn't like aunt Lucy, who _____without warning and presenting
A. always turned up
B. has always turned up
C. was always turned up
D. was always turning up
12.D. was always turning up,--- be always doing表示不满。例如My wife is always watching TV. 我的妻子总是看电视。Turn up 意思是出现。该句应译成：我不喜欢我的婶子路西总不打招呼也不带礼物就突然出现。
13.—Has Tommy finished his homework yet?
—I have no idea; he it this morning.
A. was doing
B. had been doing
C. has done
D. did
13.A. was doing this morning表示一个很短的过去时间，用过去进行时。
14.The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear
and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
A. had cried; lost
B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost
D. cries; has lost
14.B. cried; had lost, cry one’s heart out 哭得很伤心。在主从句中过去完成时表示动作发生在一般过去时之前，现在完成时是指动作发生在一般现在时之前。强调主从句的时间差。
15.—Hey, look where you are going?
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—Oh, I’m terribly sorry_____________.
A. I’m not noticing
B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed
D. I don’t notice
15. B 表示过的动作短暂用过去进行时。
16.—Do you know your town at all?
—No, this is the first time I _______ here.
A. was
B. have been
C. came
D. am coming
16. B 从过到现在的经历用现在完成时。
17.I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--Oh, not at all. I ___________ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
17.A 过去的状态持续到现在用现在完成时。
18.—__________ my glasses?
— Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see
B. Had you seen
C. Would you see
D. Have you seen
18. D过去的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时
19.You don’t need to describe her.
I ______ her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
19.B 从过到现在的经历用现在完成时。
20.—Who is Jerry Cooper?
— ________ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’t you met him yet
20. D 过去的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时。
21.Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her
husband _____ home.
A. has left; come
B. left; had come
C. had left; came
D. left; came
21.C 动作发生在过去的过去，强调时间差用过去完成时。
22.How long ________ each other before they _____ married?
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— For about a year.
A. have they known; get
B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get
D. had they known; got
22.D 动作发生在过去的过去，强调时间差用过去完成时。
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初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句
七年级英语语法----时态讲解及其练习 一、一般现在时 定义：表示经常、反复发生的动作，经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作（有时间规律发生的事情）的一种时间状态。（很拗口，但要学会就必须深刻体会，so please 将其狂读3遍） 具体用法 1、表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。（always, usually, often, sometimes, every day\ morning\ night\ evening\afternoon\week,） e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning. 2 表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态及喜好等。 e.g She is 11 years old . I don’t like English. She can speak English well. 3表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. 基本结构构成 含有be（am、is 、are）动词的用法 肯定句：I am+其它 You \ they\ we are +其它 She \he \ it+is +其它 否定句：I am not+ 其它。 You \ they\ we are not +其它 She \he \ it+is +not +其它 一般疑问句及回答： Are you +其它？ 肯定回答：yes, I am. 否定回答：no, I am not. Are you\ they\ you+ 其它？ 肯定回答: yes,we \they are. 否定回答：no, we \they are not. Is she\ he \it+其它？ 肯定回答: yes,she \he \it is. 否定回答:no,she \he \it is not. 从上面结构中你能总结出be动词的用法吗？单数________，复数_________ ；我用_________，你用__________ ，______________-连着她他它。 含实义动词的结构：肯定句： 主语（I, we, you,they,）+动词原形+其它。
1）五种句型 1.基本句型一： S V （主＋谓） 2.基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表） 3.基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 4.基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5.基本句型五; S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 2）八大时态 一、一般现在时： 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S） 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just n ow, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、现在进行时： 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、过去进行时：
大学英语语法1——基础时态 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时 用法： A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 Mr. Lee told his students the early bird (catch) the worm. E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）
例：If traffic problems will not be solved soon, driving in cities will become impossible. 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。My wife is always criticizing me.我的妻子总是批评我。 现在进行时与频度副词always、continually、constantly、forever等连用，常表示不满或抱怨情绪等。 注意： The food that Cathy is cooking in the kitchen _____ delicious. A. is smelling B. smells C. has smelled D. will smell 感官动词，如smell, taste, sound , feel等 A study of the motion of objects is necessary if we are understanding their behaviors and learn to control them. 表示感情、拥有关系、状态或思想的动词，如agree、believe, belong, contain, hate, hear(听到), like, love, mind, notice, possess, see, seem, understand, want等。 3. 现在完成时(have done)
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
动词时态 一、一般现在时 1.定义：表示经常发生的情况、有规律出现的情况、总是发生的事和事实真理。 2.时间状语：Always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month…），once a week(day，year，month…），on Sundays（on Mondays …）. 3.基本结构：主语+ do/does +其他；（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）。 4.否定形式：主语+ am/is/are + not + 其他（此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词）。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。 （2）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。 （3）Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 二、一般过去时 1.定义：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，last(year，night，month…），in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long ago，once upon a time. 3.基本结构：主语+ 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。 4.否定形式：主语+ was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词)。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。 （2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。 三、一般将来时 1.定义：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语：Tomorrow，soon，in a few minutes，the day after tomorrow，etc. 3.基本结构：（1）主语+ am/is/are + going to + do sth （2）主语+ will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句：（1）They are going to have a competition with us in studies. 他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。 （2）It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 四、一般过去将来时 1.定义：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语：The next day (morning \，year…），the following month(week…），etc. 3.基本结构：主语+ was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语+ would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主语+ was/were + not + going to + do; 主语+ would/should + not + do.
英语语法：初中英语动词时态和语态讲解 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea. 注：”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于…..” a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used tomming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
初中英语语法八大时态总结 初中英语时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，同学们在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，为了让大家能更深刻地记住英语语法中的各种时态，下面是小编为您收集整理的初中英语语法八大时态总结，供大家参考! 初中英语语法八大时态总结 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month)，onceaweek，onSundays，etc. 基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago，yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，
lastweek(year，night，month)，in1989，justnow，attheageof5，oneday，longlongago，onceuponatime，etc. 基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now，atthistime，thesedays，etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：atthistimeyesterday，atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时：
小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳—一般现在时 一、一般现在时： 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二. 构成及变化 1.be动词的变化。 肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 l、当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如：we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？ 如： What do you often do after school ? 3、当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does 肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well. 否定句：主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如：Does he swim well ?
练习一 1. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun 2. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ________ advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 3. —I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. —Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ________? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 4. —What were you doing when Tony phoned you? —I had just finished my work and________ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 5. I ________ you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked 6. —Has Sam finished his homework today? —I have no idea. He ________ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 7. —What’s that terrible noise? —The neighbors ________ for a party.
英语语法大全之种时态 TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】
师大附小 英语语法大全小学教育 Jwwang 2017-8-16
目录 一、什么是时态？ (1) 1.1 时间的定义 (1) 1.2 状态的定义 (1) 二、动词的十二类时态 (2) 2.1 一般式 (2) 2.1.1 一般现在时（DO） (2) 2.1.2 一般过去时（DID） (2) 2.1.3 一般将来时（WILL DO） (2) 2.2 进行式 (3) 2.2.1 现在进行时（AM/IS/ARE DOING） (3) 2.2.2 过去进行时（WAS/WERE DOING） (3) 2.2.3 将来进行时（WILL BE DOING） (3) 2.3 完成式 (4) 2.3.1 现在完成时（HAVE/HAS DONE） (4) 2.3.2 过去完成时（HAD DONE） (4) 2.3.3 将来完成时（WILL HAVE DONE） (5) 2.4 完成进行式 (5) 2.4.1 现在完成进行时（HAVE/HAS BEEN DOING） (5) 2.4.2 过去完成进行时（HAD BEEN DOING） (6) 2.4.3 将来完成进行时（WILL HAVE BEEN DOING） (6) 2.5 过去将来时 (7) 2.5.1 一般过去将来时（WOULD DO） (8) 2.5.2 过去将来进行时（WOULD BE DOING） (8) 2.5.3 过去将来完成时（WOULD HAVE DONE） (8) 2.5.4 过去将来完成进行时（WOULD HAVE BEEN DOING） (8)
英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为：“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)（又称为态）。时是指动作发生的时间，体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴，它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空，也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为：过去，现在，将来，过去将来 体分为：一般（在某个时间点）， 进行（延续某个时间段）， 完成（完成某个时间段） 完成进行（延续某个完成的时间段） 如此以来，英语中就有16种时态变化，现在就用动词为write例，看看它们的形式。 注意：里面的斜体字部分，由于时态过于复杂，几乎没有人真正去应用它们，可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态，（其中还有三种相对用的较少的，请注意）。具体分析一下。 一．一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态，常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态，多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格，特征，能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。
The sun rises in the east. 二．一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态，常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三．一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四．过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五．现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六．过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七．将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作，一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划，一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? （明天下午三点你将在做什么哪） 八．现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成，而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987，for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九．过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成，从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.
中考初中英语语法八大时态总结（附答案） 初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词） don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他
一般现在时 1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用。 He plays football twice a week.他每周踢两次足球。 I sometimes go to work on foot.我有时步行去上班。 2．表示现在的事实或状态。 It’s cold today.今天很冷。 You look tired now.你现在看起来很疲乏。 3. 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 4.表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 5．表示客观事实或普遍其理。 It’s far from the earth to the sun.地球与太阳间的距离很远。 Five and three makes eight.五加三得八。 5．表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作。 但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词。 The train from London arrives at 7:00.从伦敦来的火车7:00到站。 He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.他后天出差。 6．在时间、让步及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 I’ll call you as soon as I get there.我一到那里就打电话给你。 I’ll come if he invites me.他如果邀请我我就来。 7．在以here, there开头的句子里，表示正在发生的动作。 Her comes the bus!汽车来了！ There goes the bell!铃响了！ 当主语是代词时，代词必须放在动词之前。如： There he comes!他来了！ 8．某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词，如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体行为。 I feel pain in my head.我头疼。 I don’t understand what you mean.我不理解你的意思。 此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时。 9在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. 10某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如： 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. 11在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 12一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 13一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
种时态总结 1 英语语法16时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将这时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do 为例)： 例：He is a student.他是一个学生。 ② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others.他总是帮助别人。③ 客观事实和普遍真理。
例：The earth moves the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 ④表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。（常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表） 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。 ⑤主将从现：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。 例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。 2
④现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例： He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。（褒义） 3
④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例：When he lived in country，he was always helping the poor. 住在乡下时，他总是帮助穷人。 4. 一般将来时 ①基本结构是will do。 例：We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift. 4
一、选择题 1．— Could you please tell me yesterday? — In the bookshop nearby. A．Where you bought the book B．Where you buy the book C．Where did you buy the book D．Where do you buy the book 2．—Rose, can you give me a hand? —Just a minute. I ______ the followers. A．am watering B．have watered C．watered D．water 3．We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomorrow. A．if; rains B．if; rainy C．whether; raining D．whether; rain 4．Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A．finish B．finishing C．are finished D．have finished 5．—Mom, can you teach me how to pronounce the words? —Wait a minute. I ________. A．am cooking B．cook C．cooked D．will cook 6．Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A．used to live; used to eating B．is used to live; used to eat C．is used to live; used to eating D．used to living; used to eat 7．My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A．has cooked B．was cooking C．will cook D．cooks 8．Which of the following is right? A．He is used to live there. B．My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C．I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D．Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 9．— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A．was B．will be C．is going to have 10．Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A．study B．studies C．has studied D．have studied 11．My mother when I got home yesterday.