主旨大意题学案
I.教学内容：主旨大意题解题方法
II.教学目标：通过这堂课，学生能分析文章篇章结构、归纳文章要点、概括中心思想
Part 1 自主探究
I.命题规律：
近五年四川卷主旨大意题量统计：2010年2个，2011年2个，2012年3个，2013年0个，2014年4个。因此，对于主旨大意题的考查数量趋于平衡，几乎每年都有1-2题，但解题使需要对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳和推断，这一点在未来的高考中也不会改的。
II.知识清单：
主旨大意题主要考查学生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、推断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。
1.主旨大意题常见的设问方式：
（1）Which of the following can be the best title/topic/headline of this passage?
(2) The passage is mainly about _________________.
(3) From the passage we can learn/conclude that _____________________.
(4) What can we learn from paragraph 3 /paragraph 2/last two paragraphs?
(5)The main idea\key point of this passage is that _______________.
(6). What is the purpose of the passage?
(7)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
2.寻找主题句
（1）根据转折连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章主题（如but，yet，however ，on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinion
that….;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that….; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer…
（2）主题句定位法：
①正三角形写作法(△)即主题句在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来支撑
②倒三角形写作法(▽)即主题句在文尾。表述细节后，归纳概括主题
③圆形写作法(○)即首尾呼应的写作方法。先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主
④正方形写作法(□)即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
3.概括，归纳中心思想：
略读（skimming）是概括、归纳中心思想的重要手段，略读时，注意文章首尾段，每段首尾句，其他内容略过，将注意力集中在名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词等实词上，并对关键词进行加工，筛选出最能表达作者意图的关键词及概念。
4.标题：
标题是段落中心思想的精炼表达形式。阅读中，通过已知的信息概括出中心思想，在将中心思想加以提炼，拟定标题。
Part two 即讲即练
A
(2011年江苏卷) We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells–what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刷器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?
1. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?
A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions?
B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?
C. Shouldn’t We Know the less Famous Inventors？
D. Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?
B
(全国E篇) Most people want to know how things are made. They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made. Where a composer (作曲家) begins, how he manages to keep going -- in fact, how and where he learns his trade--all are covered in complete darkness. The composer, in short, is a man of mystery (神秘).
2. What would be the best title for the text? ______
A. Composer: a man of mystery
B. Practice makes good music
C. Relation between sleeping and music
D. Music: product of nature
C
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.
3. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?
A. Some people like steak and others like red meat.
B. Vegetables are very healthy to you.
C. Food prepara tion has a lot to do with people’s tastes.
D. Different people have different tastes in food.
D
…………
…………
If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit(合身) better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
4. We learn from the passage that cheaper clothes________.
A. are always worse made
B. must be dry-cleaned
C. can sometimes fit you better
D. cannot be washed
E
Kleptomania(盗窃癖) is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.
They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.
5.What is the topic of the text?
A. Young Thieves.
B. An Unusual Illness.
C. Reasons for Stealing
D. A Normal Child’s Actions
F On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by I nternet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
6. What’s the main idea of the passage？________
A. Keep away from the Internet.
B. Surf the net.
C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.
D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.
G
2011 江西卷）Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into possible areas and environments ? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
7.What is the reason for exploring space based on paragraph 2?
A. humans are nature-born to do so.
B. human have the tendency to fight.
C. human may find new sources of food.
D. human don’t like to stay in the same place
Part three综合演练
A
Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back.. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.
When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
8. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals
_____.
A. are not tall enough
B. like the lower leaves only
C. are not clever enough
D. can get the lower leaves easily
9. To defend themselves, oak trees use ______.
A. chemical means
B. physical means
C. bitter chemicals
D. sandy materials
10. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?
A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
11. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. Plants and Animals
B. How Plants Defend Themselves
C. Attacks and Defenses
D. How animals eat plant leaves
B Many of the customs that are popular at weddings today date back to hundreds of years ago. Most of us don' t know the reasons anymore but people today follow them because they are good fun.
Today the bride (新娘) carries flowers but long ago she carried strong-smelling grass. This was to frighten away the evil spirits and to cover the smell of people who do not wash often. People also used to believe that the bride brought good luck, so they would try to get something from her. Today, the bride will offer the guests some good luck by throwing the flowers to them after the wedding. It is said that if you catch the flowers, you will be the next one to get married. Of course, many of the single girls at a wedding try to catch the flowers.
In early times, the bridesmaids (伴娘) and the bride all wore similar dresses. This was to confuse the evil spirits. Now bridesmaids still wear similar dresses but the bride wears a different dress that is often white. Many brides wear veils (面纱) over their faces. This comes from a time when the young couple was not allowed to see each other before the wedding. The families were afraid that the groom might not like the bride. So he was only allowed to lift her veil just before the wedding. By this time it was too late to refuse to marry her.
Brides often wear "something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue". In earlier times, if the bride didn' t do this, she felt she would be in danger from the evil spirits. Wearing "something old " represents the journey between being single and being married. "Something new" represents the change from being a child to being an adult. "Something borrowed" means if you borrow something from a happily married couple, it will bring you good luck. And "something blue" comes from a time when the edge of the bride's dress was blue which represented purity.
12、The passage mainly tells us .
A. today' s wedding customs
B. the history of wedding customs
C. why brides wear veils
D. what brides wear at weddings
13、Why did the bride carry strong-smelling grass in the past?
A. To keep the evil spirits and the unpleasant smell of some people away.
B. To cover the unpleasant smell of her.
C. To bring good luck to the bridesmaids.
D. To throw it exactly to the one she wanted to give.
14、What do we know about the wedding customs in the past from the third paragraph?
A. The bridesmaids wore completely different dresses from the brides.
B. The bridesmaids also needed to wear veils over their faces.
C. The groom could refuse to marry his bride if he didn' t like her.
D. The groom and the bride didn' t see each other until the wedding~
15、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. In order to avoid evil spirits, the bride had to wear her veil.
B. In wedding customs, blue is the symbol of purity.
C. Single girls are very happy to catch the bride' s flowers.
D. The bride and her bridesmaids dressed similarly to avoid being recognized by evil spirits.
16、All of the following are mentioned in this passage EXCEPT .
A. brides' flowers
B. brides' clothes
C. grooms' clothes
D. brides' veils
C
A long time ago a baby was born to a poor family. His future looked sad as he grew to see a poor life before him. He joined the army as a common soldier and was wounded so seriously that he never regained the use of his left arm.
He later failed to find a good job and was even sent to prison by his debtor two times. He continued to take no notice of the law and struggled just to survive.
But, despite his poor life, he never let go of his dream of writing a book. He wrote a beautiful story which came from his heart' s deepest dreams and desires. It has moved generations of people over the world ever since. It is about a man who saw the world differently from anyone else. Though written in suffering, the book is an encouraging tale of irrepressible ( 十分强烈的) hope. This man' s story has been put to music, adapted for film, and translated into lots of languages. It remains a bestseller after some 400 years. The author is Miguel de Cervantes and the book is Don Quixote de La Mancha.
Perhaps Cervantes himself believed that the world "sees people as they are. I see them as they can be !" If Cervantes never had finished such a good work, he would not have seen some potential (潜质) within himself that was hidden from the rest of the world. He has taught others that great truth: What we see will come to be.
Some see themselves as they are, others as they can be. But when we look beyond the present reality, sad as it may seem, and set our sights upon the best that is within a situation or a human being, then, too, what we see will come to be. And we'll know the power of hope.
17. According to the passage, Miguel de Cervantes .
A. managed to live within the limit of the law
B. was a disabled man when he was born
C. was very brave to fight in the war
D. was taken to prison for owing others money
18. From the passage, we know Don Quixote de La Mancha is a book
about .
A. the unhappy life of Cervantes himself
B. a man with different ideas about the world
C. how a person writes film and music
D. a man who can speak many languages
19. Why does the book remain a bestseller after 400 years according to the passage.?
A. Because it was written by a famous writer.
B. Because it has been translated into several languages.
C. Because it tells readers the power of hope is strong.
D. Because it' s based on the writer' s life experiences.
20. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The power of hope
B. The life of a poor man
C. The dream of a poor boy
D. The secret of success
Part four 总结升华
主旨大意题突破方法：
1.仔细审题，看清范围，搞清问某一段还是全文的主旨。正确特点是：一般
不出现细节信息；不含过于肯定或绝对的词语。
2.特别注意全文或所问段落的首尾句，段落中出现转折，反复重复，疑问句
或提示性词（therefore，thus, but, however, in short等）时，要特别注意。
3.标题的选择要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是
否有密切联系，避免出现以下三种错误：概括不够（部分代整体），过度概括（人为扩大范围），以事实或细节代替抽象概括的大意。
学有所思：
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. So, come on!
I know you love English very much.
在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误： ①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小); ②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围); ③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。 1.2012朝阳期末 Why play games? Because they are fun, and we can learn even more while playing. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member —these are all ―game‖ ideas that you will come across all through your life. They can help you in different ways. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are very interesting. But perhaps more importantly, they translate part of life into exciting games that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作). Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which improves the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in fishing. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the event (比赛项目) know that a gold medal is a win for the whole country, not just the athlete who got it. For countries experiencing natural disasters (灾害) or wars, an Olympic win can mean so much. Sports games are also an event that unites (团结) people. Football is the most popular sport in the world. People all over the world play it —some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian football player, has discovered a way to spread hope through football. He created a foundation (基金会) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a bright future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other parts of your life. 55．What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Games can help people in different ways. B. People are advised to play games for fun. C. An Olympic win means a lot to every country. D. Sports can get people all over the world together. 2.2012朝阳期末 Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process (过程) of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more things than we need. We are now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place. Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a household’s waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect (效果). Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers (消费者) to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to connect packaging with quality (质量). We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? I n fact, more and more companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packaged, including products in good quality. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how many unnecessary things are being
主旨大意题的阅读理解题 主旨大意是全文或相关段落的概括和总结，主要考查学生在理解文章的基础上对全文的高度概括。 （1）Stepping into a pool of water is common enough, but who could ever imagine stepping into a pool of fish? In February of 1974, Bill Tapp, an Australian farmer, saw a rain of fish that covered his farm. How surprised he must have been when he heard many fish hitting against his roof! What caused this strange occurrence? This is a question that had long puzzled people who study fish. The answer turned out to be a combination of wind and storm. When it is spring in the northern part of the world . it is fall in Australia .Throughout the autumn season, terrible storms arise and huge vacuum cleaners , collecting seaweed, pieces of wood, and even schools of fish . Strong winds may carry these bits nature for many miles before vacuum dropping them on fields , houses, and astonished people. What is this passage about? A、A sad story B、A rain of fish C、Australian’s northern part D、The damage done by floods (2) Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout , but we soon found that both the students and the teachers
2016-2017年高三英语培优补差学案二 Gongli/2016/11/14 阅读理解之主旨大意题 一、阅读技巧“tips” （一）题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主 题,标题或目的设题。 （二）题干表现形式 1.What would be the best title of the passage? 2.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.What does the text mainly talk about? 5.What is the (main) purpose of this article? 6.The purpose of the passage is ___ . 7.What’s the topic of the article? 8.What is the main idea of the passage? 9.The passage is intended to _____. （三）应试技巧 1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“ 主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以： 读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意 2.无明显主题句时高频信息词 一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。 Exercises. Text 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在__________________________________________________ Text 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic
第一节主旨大意（I） 主备：张莉琴 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一,主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括中心大意、概括段落大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题, ,主旨大意题几乎年年都有,而且在大部分地区的阅读理解题中会有1~3道考查此类题。 一、设题方式：? 1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that . 2.The passage is mainly about . 3.The best title/headline for this passage is . 4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is . 5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that . 6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with . 7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 8. Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 二、主旨大意题正确选项特征 1.涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段。 2.确定的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小。 3..精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 三、主旨大意题干扰选项特征 1.过于笼统,不知所云。所给选项内容概括的范围过大,超出文章所述内容。 2.以偏概全,主次不分。所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选 项的设置内容,或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 3.移花接木,偷换概念。所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上,若不留神,极易选错。 4.无中生有,生搬硬套。所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中谈到了,但经过仔细阅读分析之后,发现选项的 内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 四、主旨大意题解题思路 1.标题归纳题 标题具有醒目性、概括性和针对性的特点。醒目是唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣;概括性, 针对性是标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。标题归纳题与中心大意题具有共同之处,当文章主旨是一个短语或一句简洁的话时,我们可把它看作标题;但是文章主旨往往是作者写作目的或写作内容的归纳,一般不作为文章标题。解答标题归纳题需掌握以下三种方法: ①正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨; ②反面否定法:拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”应咋写, 然后和原文对照,排除不符选 项; ③研读备选项本身:研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。 [全国Ⅰ,D篇]The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for under standing a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just
二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意文章大意题考查解读 【题型解读】 说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text? (2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on? (3)The passage is mainly about . (4)The general/main idea of the passage is . (5)The passage mainly focuses on . 解题技巧——“主题句定位”寻主旨 文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。 主题句的位置一般有以下几种： (1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。 (2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。
(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。 (4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。 以下是找主题句的四个小窍门： 1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等词。 例如：【真题感悟】中第39题，通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Dete rmined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’．”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。
高考复习——阅读理解之主旨大意题 （一） With the development of science and technology, new inventions, especially new electronic products, have made people's lives easy and convenient. But as the saying puts: A coin has two sides. One day, I was walking in the park with a friend and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and…I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction. With email and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine. As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation(疏远) index goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated. Pumping petrol at the station? Why say good morning to the attendant when you can swipe(刷)your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Making a deposit at the bank? Why talk to a teller who might live in the neighborhood when you can just insert your card into ATM? Pretty soon you won't have the burden of making eye contact at the grocery shop. Some supermarket chains are using a self-scanner so you can check yourself out, avoiding those check-out people who look at you and ask how you are doing. I am not against modern technology. I own a cell phone, an ATM card, a voice mail system, and an email account. Giving them up isn't wise…they're a great help to us. It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy. More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation. Or being relieved that voice mail picked up a call because I didn't really have time to talk. The communications industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier. So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging, with people who live near me，no cell phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home. （1）Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A. The Advance of Communications Technology B. The Consequences of Modern Technology C. The Process of Communications Revolution D. The Automation of Modern Communications （2）Paragraphs 5 to 7 are listed as examples, which show that the use of modern communications is________. A. encouraging B. disappointing C. satisfying D. embarrassing （3）The passage implies that ____________. A. modern technology is bridging the people B. modern technology is separating the people
2016年高考英语阅读理解指导三——主旨大意题 Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子； 4. 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________。
(1) “You're just in time, Joe. We're going to play cowboys（牛仔）and Indians, and you can be the Indians. ”One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said. “How many Indians?”I asked. “Oh, about a thousand. ”He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians. Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind. The shouts of “After them. Let's catch the killers!”and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car． “We've got him, boys. Let's go and catch him!” But no one wanted to come to get me. All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with. It was quiet outside. And I went out of the car to have a look. Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope（绳子）, and we can burn him. ” “Only Indians burn people. Cowboys.”I stopped just in time. I had almost said, “Cowboys hang（绞死）people. ” I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, “We're leaving now. ” “Untie me.”I shouted. ”We're going. “Why did Bobby want matches（火柴）?”Mum asked when we were in the car. “He was asking Dad whether he had any. ” “oh, he was just going t matches? MA TCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches” Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more. 1．How many children played the Indians? [ ] A．One thousand B．One hundred C．One group D．One 2．Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______. [ ] A．there were not enough children four the game B．the game was just going to start C．none of his cousins wanted to be the Indians D．they were waiting for Joe 3．Joe didn't say “Cowbays hang people.”Because______. [ ] A．he was tied to a tree B．that would make things worse C．he was caught by the cowboys D．that would make the cowboys angry 4．Which of the following is TRUE? [ ] A．One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches. B．Dad didn't want to give the children any matches. C．Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father. D．Mum didn't think children should play with matches. 5．The name of the story should he“______.”[ ] A．Joe and his cousins B．Who knows what danger is waiting there
阅读理解“主旨大意题”解题技巧 高境一中王小红2005.3 2005高考英语上海卷“阅读部分”考核目标： 1．能理解文章的基本内容； 2．能归纳文章的主旨大意； 3．能推测文章中的隐含意思； 4．能根据上下文正确理解词语和句子； 5．能运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。 分析阅读理解命题趋势 1．生疏短语增多，句子结构复杂。 2．组篇方式新颖，深层理解要求较高。 3．命题方式灵活多样，整体理解和推断题增加。 4．2005年高考英语上海卷新增新题型“标题配对”。 分析趋势，掌握技巧，赢取高分 从以上两点可以看出，现在的阅读题远非停留在理解词句和看懂内容上。为了增加阅读理解题的区分度，考查学生的综合理解能力，拉开差距，近年高考阅读题中概括主旨题和推断题明显增加。若要获得高分，关键在于能否正确回答此类能力题（在此，我们统称为主旨大意题。） ＃本讲座分两部分：（一）：选择题 （二）：标题配对题（新题型） （一）: 选择题 Ⅰ.问题类型 Ⅱ.常见提问方式 Ⅲ.主要答题步骤 Ⅳ.分析典型例文,掌握答题技巧 主题句在开头或结尾 主题句在中间 中心贯穿于全文 Ⅴ.总结主旨大意题选择题答题技巧
Ⅰ.主旨大意题题目类型： 1．概括文章大意 2．选出最佳题目（标题） 3．概括人物特点 4．识辨作者语气、态度等 5．推断文章出处 6．推断文章或作者意图 7．推断文章的结局或结论、下文内容等等 Ⅱ.常见提问方式： 1. Both the doctor and the lawyer in this passage are very ________. （2000秋季上海卷64题） 2. What would most probably happen next? (2001秋季上海卷74题) 3.What might be the best title for this passage? (2001秋季上海卷81题) 4.In writing the passage, the author intends to ________. (2002秋季上海卷77题) 5.It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a (an) __________.（2002秋季上 海卷78题） 6.The purpose of this article is to _________. （2003秋季上海卷85题） 7.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?（2003秋季上 海卷89题） 8.In advertisement 2, the Traveller enables us to learn _________. (2004秋季上海卷79题) 9.The passage mainly focuses on ______. （2004秋季上海卷85题） 10.What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph? (2004秋季上海卷89题) Ⅲ.主要答题步骤： 1. 先看问题, 是否有和主旨大意题有关的题目,了解题目类别和提问方式。 2. 再看文章首尾，或各段的开头，找出主题句，或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握文 章主旨。 3. 以掌握文章主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其它深层理解的问题。 Ⅳ.分析典型例文，掌握答题技巧： （1）主题句在开头或结尾： (A) ①It was assumed generally that behavior was “caused” and that the causes of and the cures for crime would be discovered. Sick societies and sick individuals were the causes of crime. The traditional criminal justice system could be described as a band-aid and an ineffective “home remedy) “. The new, scientific approach, however, would cure the underlying causes of crime rather than concentrate on the symptom: criminal behavior. ②But does poverty cause crime?(Q1) It is certainly true that there is a very close link between low socioeconomic status and the sort of violent street crime that worries urban America so much. Furthermore, we must agree with Judge Bazelon that persons of low socioeconomic status probably find it easier than others to true to violent street crime for money, excitement, or release. also true that the majority of poor people are not violent criminals. Judge Bazelon is simply wrong