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职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-681、Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt, In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientist recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the night time temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae (水藻) and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That's going to be useful, since no matter the country is too big or too small can't ignore climate changes. Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse(温室) gases we put into the air.That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world. UNFCCC's annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:C答案解析:本题难度较大，答案依据不明显，需要通读全文。
2016年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类、理工类、综合类）热身阶段—基础语法知识之句法（下）本节重点内容•句法–句子的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、同位语、定语和状语）句子的结构（简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句）。
句法-复合句-名词性从句-宾语从句2015年卫生类B 、C 级，理工类B 级《阅读理解》试题42.Giussan and his team are sure that .A.people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa CruzB.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above averageC.babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than those in Santa CruzD.mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourishedSure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty(地势极高的) La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.第四段句法-复合句-名词性从句-宾语从句2015年卫生类B 、C 级，理工类B 级《阅读理解》试题43.It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4that.A.he was very tiredB.the finding was unexpectedC.the study took longer than expectedD.he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty(地势极高的) La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.第四段句法-复合句-名词性从句-宾语从句2015年卫生类B 、C 级，理工类B 级《阅读理解》试题44.The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth of underweight babies is .ck of certain nutritionB.poverty of their mothersC.reduction of oxygen levelsD.different family backgroundsThe results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child." says Giussani.第五段句法-复合句-名词性从句-宾语从句2015年卫生类A 级《阅读理解》试题42.Quite a number of genetic techniques have been used.A.to target how the ear worksB.to stimulate sensory cellsC.to amplify sound signalsD.to study the fruit fly The latest research, conducted by Dr. J ōrg T. Albert, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory(感觉的) cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates(脊椎动物) including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works.第二段2016年全国职称英语等级考试基础语法知识句法-复合句-名词性从句表语从句句法-复合句-名词性从句-表语从句表语从句是指在表语的位置不出现词或词组，而出现一个句子，这样的句子称为表语从句。
2016年职称英语真题及答案【篇一：2016年职称英语考试理工a级真题及答案】 2016年职称英语考试理工a级真题及答案职称英语考试技巧：1.打破思维局限复习。
职称英语等级考试分为综合类、理工类、卫生类三个专业类别，除所报考的本类教材外，考生还可翻看其他两类的教材，其中一些热门或新增文章的题目涉及的知识可能对你有所帮助。
2.阅读理解和完型填空的原文译文要重点学习，熟记。
3.带着熟词典进考场。
职称英语考试单词记忆法考试可以携带词典入场是职称英语考试的一个特色。
但由于许多考生对词典的情况不熟悉，虽然带进了考场，但多数派不上用场，建议要有针对性地选择词典，最好带着你常用的词典。
职称英语考试练习题库，点击天宇考王免费下载试用第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. she exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.a. playb. sendc. showd. tell2. the eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. a. long b. never-ending c. boring d. extensive3. she could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. a. natural b. fatal c. tiny d. enormous4. the book made a great impact on its readers. a. force b. influence c. surprise d. power5. accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance. a. pleasant b. colorful c. fashionable d. different6. he was not eligible for the examination because he was over age. a. competitive b. diligent c. qualified d. competent7. her novel depicts an ambitious chinese. a. writes b. sketches c. describes d. indicates8. dont irritate her. shes on a short fuse today. a. tease b. attract c. annoy d. protect9. it is absurd to go out in such terrible weather. a. ridiculous b. funny c. odd d.interesting 10. i notified him that my address had changed. a. informed b. observed c. mockedd. misled 11. the manager allocate duties to the clerks. a. assign b. persuade c. ask d. order 12. the once barren hillsides are now good farmland. a. hairless b. bare c. empty d. bald 13.it is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. a. challenged b. assumed c. deducted d. decreed 14. we must abide by the rules. a. stick to b. persist in c. safeguard d. apply 15. from my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny. a. position b. point of view c. knowledge d. opinion第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
职称英语考试（理工B）完整版真题及答案2016年职称英语考试(理工B)完整版真题及答案试卷是纸张答题,在纸张有考试组织者检测考试者学习情况而设定在规定时间内完成的试题。
也可以是资格考试中用以检验考生有关知识能力而进行人才筛选的工具。
下面，店铺为大家分享2016年职称英语考试(理工B)完整版真题及答案，希望对大家有所帮助！第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The revelationof his past led to his resignation.A. imaginationB. disclosureC. confirmationD.recall答案为B. revelation(揭露) – disclosure(揭露)2. Jensenis a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.A. carelessB. cruelC. strongD.hard答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel3. You’llhave to sprint if you want to catch the train.A. jumpB.escapeC. runD.prepare答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)4. We areworried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. changeableB. stableC. suitableD.adaptable答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) – changeable (易变的)5. Thenew garment fits her perfectly.A. haircutB.purseC. clothesD.necklace答案为C. garment(衣服) – clothes(衣服)6. Thephobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.A. fearB.joyC. hurtD.memory答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt (感情上的伤心或痛苦)7. Theyhave to build canals to irrigate the desert.A. decorateB. waterC. changeD.visit答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) – water(给…浇水)8. Heroverall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.A. disabledB.pupilC. teenagerD. baby答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby (婴儿)9. Thecoastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remainextremely cold.A. warmB.severeC. hardD.dry答案为A. mild(温暖的) – warm(温暖的)10. Thedetails of the costume were totally authentic.A. realB. outstandingC. creativeD. false答案为A. authentic(逼真的) – real (逼真的)11. Weare aware of the potential problems.A. globalB. possibleC. ongoingD.central答案为B. potential(可能的)- possible(可能的)12. Theidea was quite brilliant.A. positiveB. cleverC. keyD. original答案为B. brilliant(绝妙的) – clever (聪明的)13. Stockmarket price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A. regulatedB. increasedC. maintainedD. fell答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降)14. Thecourse gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.A. coachingB. ideaC. termD. aspect答案为A. instructions (指导说明)—coaching(教导)15. Allhouses within 100 metres of the seas at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC. between equalsD. in particular答案为A indanger of (处于危险中)— at risk of (处于风险中)第2部分：阅读判断(第16——22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
全国职称英语考试报考级别、类别参照表以下为职称外语报考类别、级别选择条件对照表，请大家根据自己的职称外语要求选择报考相应类别、级别的职称外语考试。
原定于2012年3月31日举行的全国职称英语考试，更改为2012年4月7日上午9:00~11:00，详情请参考2012年职称英语考试时间变了考试时间安排：上午9:00~11:00，考试时长为2小时。
考试题目全部为客观题，均在答题卡上作答。
祝参加2012年的职称英语考生顺利通过考试！同时，提醒准备参加2013年职称英语的考生提前做好复习备考计划，为2013年考试做好准备！职称英语考试分为综合类、理工类、卫生类三个专业类别，每个类别又分为A、B、C三个等级。
专业技术人员根据申报的专业和职务级别，按照全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试级别划分及适用范围的规定报考相应的级别。
2012年职称英语查分方式：职称英语考试成绩将会在考后两个月内公布（5月中旬至6月），请大家随时关注大家论坛职称英语！2012年职称英语报名已经开始，职称多采取网上报名的方式，在网上交费，有些地区仍需要进行现场确认及交费。
一、全国职称英语报考范围和对象凡晋升、聘任专业技术职务，其级别属专业技术职务试行条例中规定需具备一定外语水平的专业技术人员，及过去参加国家统一的中级专业技术资格考试(会计师、经济师、统计师、审计师)，成绩合格，已取得专业技术资格的专业技术人员应参加职称外语等级考试。
但对1977年全国恢复高考前入学的大、中专毕业生，现从事图书资料、文博、档案、群众文化、工艺美术、中医、中药工作以及在大、中专学校、技工学校从事公共政治理论课、中古字号课程教学的专业技术人员，可选考古汉语(医古文)或外语。
1977年恢复高考后入学的大、中专毕业生，必须参加职称外语等级考试。
二、职称英语报名时间职称英语考试报名一般在前一年的11-1月，各地具体报名时间不一，可登陆当地人事考试中心网站查询报名通知。
2016职称英语考试大纲2016职称英语考试大纲:一、概述全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项外语考试。
本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类和卫生类，每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C 三个等级。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。
A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。
二、评价目标全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。
考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容;申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容;申报C级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。
为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求：(一)词汇量考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。
对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等：1. 申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;2. 申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;3. 申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。
(二)语法知识考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：1. 英语句子的基本语序及其意义;2. 英语句子的结构和常用句型;3. 各种时、体的形式及其意义;4. 各种从句的构成及其意义;5. 句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。
(三)阅读理解能力应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～5题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 With immense relief. I stopped running.A some B、enormous C little D extensive2 The scientists began to accumulate data.A collectB handleC analyzeD investigate3 Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hit.B passedC reachedD led4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possibleB profitableC easyD wise5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A factB mysteryC statementD game6 That guy is really witty.A smartB uglyC honorableD popular7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.A reasonableB dramaticC humiliatingD horrifying8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A preparedB trainedC qualifiedD guided9 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A praisesB writesC imitatesD describes10 The meaning is still obscure.A vagueB transparentC alienD significant11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies.A destroyB decreaseC delayD pollute12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.A assumesB expectsC predictsD considers13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.A rememberB followC understandD learn14 I hope that I didn't do anything absurd last night.A awkwardB strangeC stupidD awful15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A forbidB advocateC inheritD withdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22垒题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Green Roof ResearchThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent（流行）in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as 'extensive' and'intensive' systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs（灌木）and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heat island effect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well as establishment，nutrient（养料）and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 0ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 0ne focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
2016年职称英语考试理工类（A）级试题及答案解析(1/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第1题Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever下一题(2/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第2题The latest car model embodies the new research development.A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens上一题下一题(3/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第3题The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry上一题下一题(4/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第4题She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer上一题下一题(5/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
职称英语等级考试用书
以下是职称英语等级考试常用的参考书籍：
1.《职称英语复习指南》
该书是职称英语考试专用的复习教材，包含了全面的考试内容和试题类型，适合考生进行系统的复习。
2.《职称英语综合教程》
该书以各个职称英语等级的考试要求为基础，结合实际工作场景进行教学。
内容涵盖了听力、阅读、写作和翻译等方面的考试知识。
3.《职称英语考试全真模拟试题集》
该书是针对职称英语考试的模拟试题集合，由前几年的真实考试题目组成。
通过练习这些试题，考生可以更好地了解考试的形式和难度，对自己的备考情况进行评估。
4.《职称英语考试词汇指南》
这本书主要是针对职称英语考试的词汇准备。
里面包含了很多考试常用的词汇和短语，帮助考生扩充词汇量，提高应对考试的能力。
5.《职称英语写作指导》
该书主要是针对职称英语写作部分的准备。
它包含了写作技巧和例文，帮助考生提升写作水平，应对考试中的写作任务。
以上书籍都是职称英语考试中比较常用的教材和参考书籍，通过阅读和练习这些书籍，考生可以更好地备考和应对考试。
当然，选择合适的参考书籍还要根据个人的需求和水平进行选择。
2016年职称英语等级考试教材短文及译文（理工类B级）目录第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇El Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics第五篇Recue Platform* 第六篇Microchip Research Center Created* 第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England* 第八篇What is dream* 第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude* 第十篇Thy biology of music第三部分概括大意和完成句子第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing第二篇Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination第三篇Icy Microbes第四篇Compact Disks第五篇LED Lighting* 第六篇How We Form First Impression* 第七篇Screen Test* 第八篇The Mir Space Station* 第九篇More Rural Research Is Needed* 第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language第四部阅读理解第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇Citizen Scientists第四篇Motoring Technology第五篇Late-Night Drinking第六篇Making Light of Sleep第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇An Essential Scientific Process第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十二篇Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇Invisibility Ring第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth*第十七篇A Sunshade for the Planet*第十八篇Thirst for Oil*第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience*第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep*第二十一篇Plant Gas*第二十二篇Real-World Robots*第二十三篇Powering a City? It's a Breeze.*第二十四篇Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe*第二十五篇Eat to Live*第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently*第二十七篇Driven to Distraction*第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories*第二十九篇I will Be Bach*第三十篇Digital Realm*第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive第五部分补全短文第一篇Mobile phones第二篇Baby Talk (2016新增)第三篇Common Questions About Dreams (2016新增)第四篇The Bilingual Brain第五篇 A Record-BreakingRover* 第六篇The Apgar Test (2016新增)* 第七篇Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job (2016新增)* 第八篇Watching Microcurrents Flow* 第九篇Lightening Strikes* 第十篇How deafiness Makes It Easier to Hear第六部分完型填空第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety第三篇Giant Structures第四篇Animal's "Sixth Sense"第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind* 第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely* 第七篇An Intelligent Car* 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures* 第九篇Wonder Webs* 第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness 第一篇Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting usingsemiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, hisdiscovery of light-emitting diodes, or1 LEDs, are used in everything fromDVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continuedhis work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everydaytechnology.On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize ata ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that theLemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)has given the award to prominent inventors.“Any time you get an award, big or little2, it’s always a surprise.”Holonyak said.Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor,in the early 1950s. After graduate school3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs.He later went to General Electric4, where he invented a switch nowwidely used in house dimmer switches5.Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used togenerate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generateinvisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and aremore environmentally friendly and cost effective.Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering andphysics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs wouldbecome as commonplace as they are today, but didn’t realize how manyuses they would have.“You don’t know in the beginning. You think you’re doing somethingimportant, you think it’s worth doing, but you really can’t tell what the bigpayoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don’t know.” he said.The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the$100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on anew generation of “molecular sieves,” that can separate molecules bysize.第一篇LED的发明者当Nick Holonyak着手用半导体含金创造一种新的可视照明设备的时候，同事们都认为他不现实。
2016年全国职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）一、语法词汇addict: v. 使沉溺于(addict oneself to( = be addicted to) 沉溺于，热中于)in addition/加上, 又, 另外;in addition to/加上, 除...外;additional adj.附加的, 另外的; 补充的address n.收信(件)人的住址v. 对...讲演或发表演说; (address a meeting 向大会致辞) adequate adj. 足够的,恰当的,胜任的(be adequate for..胜任…)(adequate –enough –sufficient足够的)adjust v. 调整;调节; 使适应(adjust oneself to sth./ 使自己适应..)admire v. 赞美;赞赏;(admire sb. for sth./因…而钦佩某人)admit v. 让...进入, 使获得(某种地位或特权), 承认(事实、错误等) (admit sb. into the university/获准入大学; admit sb. to hospital/把某人收治入院);adopt v. 采用, 采纳(adopt –take采用)adult n. 成年人(adult –grown-up成年人)advance v./n. 提高(物价等), 增加(数量、价钱等), 提前, 加速, 拨快(时针) (in advance/ 预先)(advance-increase增加(数量、价钱等) )advantage n. 优势, 长处, 利益, 便利(take advantage of/ 利用，欺骗) (advantage - merit 优点)adventure n. 冒险, 惊险活动advertisement n. 广告(= ad.)advice n. 劝告, 忠告(a piece of advice/ 一条意见; give advice /提出忠告; take/follow one's advice /接受忠告)advise v. 建议, 提意见, 通知( advise sb. to do sth./ 劝某人做某事，advise sb. that../通知某人某事= infor m sb. that…)(B级)advisable adj. 明智的，可取的(advisable – sensible --wise明智的)affair n. 事情[件], [常用复] 事务, 事态(affairs of state/ 国务; foreign affairs /外交事务) affect v. 影响, 对...起作用[反应], 感动, 患(病) (affect – influence – have a bearing on影响)afford v. [常与can, could, be able to 连用] 担负得起费用(损失、后果等)( can't afford to buy sth./ 买不起...)afraid adj. [常作表语] 怕, 害怕, [口]恐怕( be afraid of/害怕, 担心; I'm afraid/[口]大概, 恐怕, 担心) (afraid --fearful)Africa n. 非洲after prep. 在…以后，adv. 以后，后来conj, 在…以后again adv. 再一次，又一次again and again再三地，反复地against: prep. 反对，敌对，逆, 碰，触, 以…为背景(be against/反对)age n. 年龄v. 变老(at the age of…/ 时年..岁; be of age(= come of age/)成年;ago adv. 以前，以往(long long ago很久很久以前, two days ago/两天前);agree v. 一致, 相合, 同意(agree on…/对…意见一致; agree with sb. /同意某人的话; agree to do sth. 同意做… );agreement n. 一致, 同意, 协议(in agreement with .../ 和..一致);agriculture n.农业ahead adv.在前, 向前, 提前( ahead of…/在…之前;超过);aid v. 帮助, 援助n. 帮助, 支援(aid sb. in sth./ 帮助某人做。
);(aid –help帮助; aid –device辅助设备)aim v. (常与at连用)瞄准, 对准, 以…为目标n. 瞄准;目标(aim to do sth./ 致力于做。
;aim at doing sth./ sth. / 致力于做…) ;air n. 空气, 天空(fresh air /新鲜空气; by air /乘飞机);airplane n. 飞机;airport n.航空站,机场;alarm n. 惊恐，担忧，报警器，闹钟，警报v. 使担心，使惊恐alcohol n. 酒精;alike adj. [常作表语]同样的, 相似的(look alike/看起来相似)alive adj. 活的，活着的( keep sth alive/ 让。
仍然活着);(比较: alive(活的)不能作定语, 只能作表语和补语; living(活的) 可以作定语, 如: a living scientist 一位仍然还在世的科学家)all adj. 所有的, 全部的pron.全体, 全部, (与of连用)整体;全部(in all/总计; above all/首先，尤其是, all over/到处，遍及, after all/终究，毕竟, at all/完全，根本，究竟; after all/虽然这样，毕竟);allow v. 允许，准许, 给予(allow sb. to do sth./允许某人做。
)(allow –permit允许)almost adv. 几乎;(almost –nearly几乎,差不多)alone adj. [只作表语] 单独的; 孤独的(be alone/独自一人，leave sb. alone/让某人独自呆一会)(比较: lonely(孤独的)可以用作表语)along prep. 沿着(walk along the river/沿着河走; all along/始终;一直; along with/与…一道);aloud adv. 高声地，响亮地(aloud –loudly高声地)already adv. [表示现在或过去某时已发生的事实] 已经also adv. 也, 同样, 而且(not only..but also...或not only...but../不仅..而且…); (also –too –as well也)alter v. 变更;改变，改换(alter –change改变)alternative n. 两者择一, 替换物，adj. 两者择一的,交替的;although adv. 尽管，虽然; (although – though 虽然)always adv. 总是;a.m. adv. 上午amaze v. 使惊奇;使吃惊(be amazed at sth. /对...感到惊奇);(amazed –surprised – astonished 感到惊讶的)amazing adj. 令人吃惊的(amazing – surprising – astonishing 令人吃惊的)ambition n. 野心, 雄心, 抱负;ambitious adj. 野心勃勃的，渴望的assembly n. 集合, 装配, 集会(assembly line/装配线);assess v. 评估(财产, 价值, 人物、工作等); (assess – evaluate – value评估)assist v. (在某方面)帮助，援助，协助((assist sb. in doing sth/to do sth/在…方面帮助某人)) assistant n. 助手, 助理(assistant engineer/助理工程师; assistant professor/副教授);associate v. 结交, 由...联想到..., 把...联系起来(associate one thing with another/把某一事与另一事联系起来; ...be associated with sth./...和...有关/...和...有联系):association n. 联合,协会, 社团:assume v. 假设(assume – suppose ),承担(assume – take on - acccept), 呈(态度, 姿态, 位置) (assume new duties/ 承担新的职务; assume office/就职; assume responsibility/负责, 承担责任);assure v. 保证(assume - ensure) ，使安心，让…放心(assure sb. of/that…/向某人保证…) astonish v. 使吃惊(astonish – surprise –shock)(be astonished at sth. /对…感到惊讶);astronaut n. 宇航员at prep.[位置，场所，地点，时间]在…时，在…中，在…方面，向，(表示速度，价格等)以(arrive at…/到达…; at my uncle's/在我叔父家;at the foot[top] of the mountain / 在山脚下[顶上]; at the meeting/在会议上; at ten o'clock/ 在十点钟; at (the age of) forty/在40 岁的时候; at the beginning of the month/ 在月初; at Christmas/在圣诞节; aim at…/对准..; throw …at …/朝…扔…;be pleased at…/对…感到高兴;be surprised [frightened] at …/听到…而吃惊; at one's request/应某人的请求; at the rate/speed of …/以每小时..速度);athlete: n. 运动员Atlantic adj.大西洋的;大西洋沿岸的(the Atlantic Ocean /大西洋);atmosphere n. 大气, 空气, 气氛;attack n./v. 进攻, 疾病)侵袭，发作(a heart attack /心脏病发作);attach v. 贴上，系上，缚上(attach… to … 把…贴/系在…上面)attempt n. (常与at, on, to连用)努力, 尝试v. (常与to连用)企图, 尝试(attempt to do sth./make an attempt to do sth. /试图做…);attend v. 注意, 出席(at), 参加, 上(学, 教堂) ( attend school /上学; attend a lecture /听讲课; attend (at) a wedding /出席婚礼; be attended by/ 由...陪同; 由...照料);attention n.注意, 关心, 关注, 注意力( pay attention to ../注意..);attitude n.态度, 看法, 意见(attitude to/towards…/对…的态度, take [assumed] an attitude of 取…态度);attract vt. 吸引(attract –appeal to), 诱惑(attract one‟s attention/引起某人注意);attractive adj. 有吸引力的(attractive – appealing ), 漂亮的(attractive – beautiful – pretty );attribute vt. 把...归因于(to)..., n.属性, 特质, 标志(attribute ..to ../ 把...归因于);audience n. 听众, 观众, 读者(a large audience/很多观众);August n.八月(略作Aug);aunt n. 伯母, 婶母, 舅母, 阿姨;Australia n. 澳大利亚，澳洲:author n. 作家, 著者(best author畅销书作者; joint author/合著者);authority n. 权威, 权力, 权势, [pl.]当局, 负责人;automatic adj.自动的,机械的;automobile n.汽车，小汽车;autumn n. 秋, 秋季(美国普通称fall) (in autumn/在秋天; in (the)late autumn/在晚[深]秋);available adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的;average n.平均, 平均水平, 平均数adj.通常的, 平均的(above the average/在一般水平以上, 中上; below the average/在一般水平以下; on the [an] average/平均);avoid v. 避免; 回避; (avoid –escape避免)aware adj. [用作表语]知道的; 意识到的(be aware of/知道, 意识到; be aware that .../发觉, 注意到); (conscious – aware意识到的)away adv. 离开, 远离(Go away!/走开!; keep away from../与..保持距离; run away/逃掉; take sth. away/拿走; right away/立刻, 马上; far away/在远处) ;awful adj. 可怕的, 极坏的(awful –terrible可怕的)二、完形填空Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?Sixty years ago, a man named Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still __1__ today -something that changed popular culture for ever.Flying his plane over mountains in the US state of Washington, he saw a line of strange objects, either crescent -shaped or disc-like, flying __2__ the motion of a saucer skimming on water.The media soon picked up on the story-the Flying Saucers were here1! Was the earth being __3__ by creatures from another planet? Soon，so many sightings were made that the US military began to __4__. It called these strange objects UFOs -Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how they are __5__ today.Military investigations found no evidence of visitors from outer space. But that did not stop the true __6__. The military were __7__ up, they said. Or __8__ it was because the travelers from space were of such superior intelligence that they could hide from the most sophisticated military analysts.People have always seen strange lights in the sky. In the past these were explained in__9__ ways. In a world where religion was less influential and science fiction was popular, signs from god were replaced by visitors from other __10__.The date of the first UFO signings was also significant. In 1947, World War II had just ended and the __11__ war was just beginning. Humanity seemed locked in endless conflicts. Like generations before them, people looked __12__ the skies for help. But instead of seeking God, they looked for help from super-intelligent aliens with __13__ technology. Belief in UFOs became the first religion of science.However, even people who believe in UFOs are not quite sure why they visit the earth. The universe is a big place and it is __14__ to assume that there is life somewhere out there. It is possible that aliens have worked out how to travel through space. Yet some people report that they have been taken by aliens and have had experiments __15__ on them. Why would anyone travel across half the universe to conduct medical experiments on people living in small towns in the United States?词汇：crescent n.月牙，月牙形物saucer n.碟skim v.飞速掠过alien n.外星人练习：1. A) looking B) seeing C) seeking D) feeling2. A) below B) underneath C) with D) under3. A) ruled B) bombarded C) captured D) visited4. A) investigate B) attack C) shoot D) confront5. A) named B) called C) known D) dubbed6. A) believers B) thinkers C) followers D) liars7. A) hiding B) covering C) cheating D) tricking8. A) definitely B) undoubtedly C) necessarily D) maybe9. A) awkward B) crude C) religious D) foolish10. A) planets B) continents C) countries. D) regions11. A) cool B) star C) nuclear D) cold12. A) above B) to C) at D) up13. A) traditional B) backward C) classical D) advanced14. A) unthinkable B) impossible C) reasonable D) insensible15. A) performed B) carried C) brought D) taken完型填空答题思路：1.分析文章标题，了解文章主题，确认文章主题词;2.对比被选项，推测答案可能出自的范围;3.关注空格两端结构，借助空格所在的局部搭配结构及搭配语意判断答案;答案与解析：1.分析文章主题：Where(在哪里，什么地方) Have All Our Visitors(来宾，访问者) Gone?文章主题词：visitors, go(去，变成，到达)2. 直接解题：1. A) looking (看, 看起来，调查，神情，外表) B) seeing(看见, 了解, 领会)C) seeking(寻找, 探索) D) feeling(摸, 感觉，感觉，激情)Sixty years ago(以前), a man named(命名) Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still(仍然，更，静止的) __1__ today –something(某物/某事) that changed(改变) popular culture(大众文化) for ever(永远).1.B see和look这两个词词义相关，因此首先重点关注。
