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2016考研英语5类句子成分翻译方法

2016考研英语5类句子成分翻译方法
2016考研英语5类句子成分翻译方法

2016考研英语5类句子成分翻译方法

英语翻译是个技术活儿,因此要提分并不容易,也不是词汇懂了就能顺利的翻译出来,有时候需要一些增减,需要一些变序,为了多拿分,还是建议考生多掌握一些技巧,日积月累才能不断提升,下面主要分享5类句子成分的翻译方法,大家可参考。

增译主语

由于表达习惯不同,英文中常有省略主语的现象,在翻译成汉语时要把它们译出来。情况一般有以下几种:

以抽象名词作主语,而中文的表达习惯则需要把抽象变为具体;英文中常常会为了避免重复而多用介词,中文则不怕重复,一个词会用上好几遍;英语中的复数名词译为汉语时,常常加入这些、各种、种种等,要视具体语境情况而定。

He did not give us satisfied answer; this made us angry.

他并没有给出我们满意的答复,这种态度使得我们非常生气。

There are solutions proposed to solve the public problem.

针对这一公共问题,大家提出了种种解决方案。

增译谓语

同理,需要增译谓语的情况也时有出现。英语中出现两个或多个相同谓语时,常常会省略,以使句子不那么赘余,而中文中则要译出来,使其表达更加地道。英文中的介词短语译为中文时往往要增译动词,而有些英语中的名词在译为中文时也要加入相应的动词,使其意义更加完整,表达更加明确。

We went to Xiamen this week, Shenzhen next week.

我们这周去厦门,下周去深圳。

After the party, he has got a very important speech.

参加完聚会后,他还要发表一个重要讲话。

时间状语的翻译

1、时间状语常常可以直接翻译,一般译到主句前。

He came in while I was watching TV.

我在吃饭的时候他进来了。

They burst into tears suddenly when they heard the sad news.

他们听到这个悲惨的消息之后突然大哭起来。

2、有的时间状语从句引导词除了表示时间以外,还会附带条件性,所以在翻译的时候要译出条件关系。

We can’t take any action until our project is well-prepared.

只有我们的项目做好充分的准备,我们才能采取行动。

原因状语的翻译

1、英语中的状语位置较为灵活,既可以放在主句前也可置于主句后,而中文表达常常遵循“前因后果”的顺序,所以在翻译的时候也要注意调整语序。

We have to choose another day for the hiking, since the weather is very good today.

今天天气不好,所以我们得另选一天去远足了。

2、但上述情况也不是绝对的,原因状语也可放在主句后,这样也对应了汉语中的结构“之所以…是因为”。

Practice is valuable because it is the test of the theory.

实践之所以有价值,因为它是对理论的检验。

目的状语的翻译

1、总的来说,目的状语放在主句前翻译,把说明情况的主句放在后面。

She closed the door gently and stepped out of the room for fear that she should awake him.

为了不弄醒他,她悄悄关上房门,轻轻地溜了出去。

2、目的状语也可译在主句后边,表示以免、以防、使得、生怕等等。

He came back after work as quickly as possible, lest his mother should worry about him.

他下了班就早早回家了,免得他母亲担心。

译成汉语的主动句

1、一般被动句的主语是无生命的主语,翻译时常常要将原文主语译为汉语中的主语。

When rust is formed, a che mi cal change has taken place.

当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。

2、主语宾语颠倒位置

一般英语中当动作主体的词前加上by时或由介词短语构成时,那么在译文中by后边的动作主体词或该介词短语中的名次就要充当主语,宾语则是原文中的主语。

Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.

这种化学反应能够释放出光和热。

3、增加主语

一些被动句在译为主动句时要增加一些主语,比如我们、人们、大家等等。

This issue has not been solved.

人们还未解决这一问题。

译成汉语中的无主句

汉语无主句较多,也是我们的思维方式和说话表达习惯等因素有关。很多情况下,我们和处于同一背景生长环境下的人聊天,都不需要说主语,但是对方大多数情况下,都能理解你的意思。

Policies have been made to protect our environment.

已经制定了政策来保护环境。

一千个人心中有一千个哈姆雷特,翻译也是如此。不同的人有不同的表达习惯,只要是意思通顺,该表达的内容没有遗漏,并且符合汉语的表达习惯,考研英语的翻译也没有想象中那么难。

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