语用学考试

序号: 姓名: 语用学课班号: 成绩:序号查看微信群里学生名单。

语用学课班号：周一3-4节课填1班；周二1-2节课填2班；周二3-4节课填3班。

特别注意：本试题是开卷考试必须在1小时内答完（9:00-10:00，10:05停止接收试卷）并以附件发到老师邮箱，超过时间拒收。

老师邮箱：。

发信的主题要写：序号-姓名-班号-语用学，如：1-李文龙-2-语用班。

答卷文档名改为：序号-姓名-班号-语用学，如：1-李文龙-2班-语用学。

答案全部写在后面的答题页上，注意写上题号语用学课随堂小测试题（全部用英语答题）I.简答题（60分，15小题，每题4分）注意：每道题的答案只需用一、两个词，或者一句话就可以，不要大段解释。

1.Study the following uses of English. Which category of speech acts does each belong to?A.(Priest): I now pronounce you husband and wife.B.I love this game.C.Why not have some more fish?D.Congratulations!2.The regulative force of the maxims in Cooperative Principle is so strong that when the speaker is aware that he might violate one of them he uses certain remarks to indicate the possible violation. These remarks are like licenses for him to violate any of the maxims. They are also cues for the hearer so that he can qualify his interpretation. The following are some common cues. Please point out which maxim is each cue directed at?A.I don’t know how exactly it happened, but ...B.I know this is long and involved, but it is really important ...C.That reminds me of something that ...3.Pragmatic presupposition is also frequently exploited in advertising. Analyze the following examples of advertising language and tell the use of presupposition in each case.A.女人，关系自己同样重要。

语用学测试题及答案一、选择题1. 语用学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的物理特性B. 语言的抽象结构C. 语言的交际功能D. 语言的演变过程答案：C2. 以下哪个选项是语用学中的合作原则？A. 说话要尽量简短B. 不要说自知是假话C. 说话要有条理D. 说话要尽量具体答案：B3. 根据格莱斯的合作原则，以下哪个选项是违反了量的准则？A. 说话要尽量简短B. 不要说自知是假话C. 说话要提供足够的信息D. 说话要尽量具体答案：A二、填空题根据语用学中的合作原则，说话者和听话者之间应该遵循以下准则：1. 量的准则：说话者应提供足够的信息，但不要提供比必要更多的信息。

2. 质的准则：说话者不应说自知是假的话，不应说缺乏足够证据的话。

3. 关系准则：说话者应保持话题相关性。

4. 方式准则：说话者应避免模糊不清，避免不明确的表达。

三、简答题1. 请简述语用学中的言外行为理论。

答案：言外行为理论是语用学中的一个重要概念，它指的是说话者通过言语行为所表达的超出字面意义的信息。

言外行为通常包括直接言外行为、间接言外行为和隐喻言外行为等。

2. 举例说明如何通过语境来理解话语的隐含意义。

答案：语境在理解话语的隐含意义中起着至关重要的作用。

例如，当某人在餐厅说“这里的菜真好吃”，在不同的语境下可能有不同的隐含意义。

如果说话者刚刚品尝了一道新菜，这可能是对菜品的直接赞美；但如果餐厅的菜品普遍不佳，这句话可能隐含着讽刺的意味。

四、论述题1. 论述语用学在跨文化交际中的重要性。

答案：语用学在跨文化交际中的重要性体现在多个方面。

首先，不同文化背景的人在交际中可能有不同的语言习惯和交际准则，了解这些差异有助于避免误解和冲突。

其次，语用学可以帮助人们更好地理解言外之意，即通过语境来解读话语的隐含意义。

此外，语用学还有助于提高跨文化交际的效率和效果，通过适当的言语行为来实现交际目的。

九年级英语语用学单选题30题1. —Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest post office is?—Sure. Go straight and turn left at the first crossing. You can't miss it.A. Certainly.B. Sorry, I don't know.C. No, I can't.D. I'm not sure.答案：A。

本题考查情景交际中问路的回答。

A 选项“Certainly.”表示“当然可以”，符合礼貌地回答别人问路的场景。

B 选项直接说不知道比较生硬，且没有尝试给出其他帮助。

C 选项“No, I can't.”不礼貌。

D 选项“I'm not sure.”也没有给出明确的指引。

2. —Would you like to go to the movies with me tonight?—_____. I have a lot of homework to do.A. Yes, I'd love to.B. Sorry, I can't.C. No problem.D. That sounds great.答案：B。

本题考查邀请的回答。

因为后面提到有很多作业要做，所以应该拒绝邀请，B 选项“Sorry, I can't.”符合语境。

A 选项和D 选项是接受邀请的回答，C 选项“No problem.”通常用于回应请求帮忙等情况，不适合此处。

3. —Thank you for helping me with my English.—_____.A. It's my pleasure.B. Don't mention it.C. You're welcome.D. All of the above.答案：D。

1.语义和语用学的意义区别2.语境因素的内容3.所指论的观点4.所指封闭性5.指示:时间地点人称指示其中之一画几个扭曲关系6.什么是指示性，什么是非指示性7.Austin的主要工作8.言外行为分类9.几句英文例句，用Levinson三原则分析1.语用学和语义学既有联系又有区别。

其共同点在于，语用学和语义学都是对于意义的研究。

但它们是在两个不同的层面上对意义的研究。

语用学：广义上指对人类有目的的行为所做的研究；狭义指对有目的的语言活动的研究。

语用学研究符号与符号解释者之间的关系，是对使用中的语言意义的研究；结合具体语境分析，考虑说话的时间、地点、交际双方的身份、正在从事的活动等。

语义学对意义的研究是基本的，它研究符号与符号所代表的事物之间的关系，是语言本身固有的内在意义，是对抽象于使用之外的语言意义的研究。

例：那里有一只狗2.狭义的语境指语言的上下文，广义的指语言活动进行的特定的时间、空间、情境、参与者等语言外因素。

语用语境包括：（1）语言知识：交际双方具有对所使用语言的知识（双方拥有共同的语言）；交际过程中双方必须了解语言交际的上文。

（2）语言外知识：背景知识、情景知识、交际双方互相了解背景知识指常识，人们对客观世界的一般了解，是百科全书式知识。

例如，病了要治疗，重病要住院情景知识：与特定的交际情境有关的知识，包括某一次特定的语言活动发生的时间、地点、交际活动的主题内容、交际场合的正式程度、参与者的相互关系、他们在交际活动中的相对地位、各人所起的作用等。

相互知识：交际双方对对方的了解例如：共同知道一个人，才能用he准确指示。

3.传统所指论认为：名称具有各自的内涵和外延，即具有各自的意义和指称；名称的指称是由名称的意义所决定的。

因果的历史的所指理论：专有名词和表示类属的名词不具有意义，而是直接地、任意地指称其所指对象，无须通过对名称的意义先进行解释这一中介过程。

(Aristole 历史文化链条的传递，依据这一名字与某个活动保持着历史的因果的联系)4. 所指封闭性：两个指称相同的指称语相互替换并不能总能保证这两个句子的真值条件固定不变例如：I wanted to meet Margaret Thatcher.I wanted to meet the first woman Prime Minister of Great Britain.因为专有名词重名，确定性描述语有指称性和归属性两种用法等因素。

语⽤学语⽤学试卷1.Answer the following question (20 points)What is your impression on pragmatic study? In what way do you think Pragmatic study is essential to our English learning? Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics which studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. Pragmatics encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, and linguistics. It studies how the transmission of meaning depends not only on the linguistic knowledge (e.g. grammar, lexicon etc.) of the speaker and listener, but also on the context of the utterance, knowledge about the status of those involved, the inferred intent of the speaker, and so on.In this respect, pragmatics explains how language users are able to overcome apparent ambiguity, since meaning relies on the manner, place, time etc. of an utterance.The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called pragmatic competence. So an utterance describing pragmatic function is described as metapragmatic. Pragmatic awareness is regarded as one of the most challenging aspects of language learning, and comes only through experience2.why do you think one says to the gate-keeper “May we come in?” when he is alone?And w hy does he still say so to the gate-keeper when he and his company want to go into the park?(15?)the category of plural notion is not applied to the first person in the same way as it is to the person .Deixis is from a Greek word meaning …indicating? or…pointing?. In linguistics, it refers to certain aspects of context of utterance, including the role of participants in the speech event and their spatio-temporal and social location. It directly concerns the relationship between the structure of language and the context in which it is used. Typical examples are pronouns, demonstratives, time & place adverbs, and some grammatical categories such as tense.Some languages even make a distinction between “we-inclusive-of-addressee”and “we-exclusive-of-addressee.”Here, the person says to the gate-keeper "may we come in "when he is alone, the plural forms”us” includes the gate-keeper. By saying so, the person intends to show his friendness to the gate-keeper. It seems they have a close relationship.when he and his company want to go onto the park, by saying”may we come in ”, the plural forms ”us” just means the person and his company.3.There is a woman sitting on a park bench and a large dog lying on the ground in front of the bench. A man comes along and sit s down on the bench.(20?)Man:Does your dog bite?Woman:No(then the man reached down to pet the dog.the dog bites the man?s hand)The speaker's own questioning expression unclearConversation is the common interactions of speaker and hearer, however in order to research are often only pay attention to the hearer, the analysis for the hearer to specific inference, the purpose of the violation of cooperative principles more than from the Angle of the hearer guess what the speaker want to convey meaning. In this paper, the subjective factors include two aspects, one is the speaker's factor, 2 it is to the hearer. In some cases, the speaker words to express itself is not clear, easy to make the listener produce misunderstanding, confusion. Thereby, the unpredictability of the speaker said tend to be obedient people don't cooperate.In this scenario, lady with a clear violation of the cooperative principle in the amount of code, thus she can deduce the conversational implicature is: she doesn't want to communicate with the strange man. If you want to communicate well, she should say at the outset of this dog is not her. From the speaker, however, that this man's point of view to analysis, the man didn't clear from the start, he asked the question itself is not clear, is easy to be misunderstood. Assuming he ask is this your dog? Then ask the dog bite? Or directly ask the dog bite? Ms. I'm afraid I won't bring cooperation and dogs not friendly.4.What?s the importance of Grice?s theory of conversational implicature?a nswer this question with the following example (15?)Student A:How are you?Student B:I?m dead.The importance of the theory of conversational implicature in pragmatics is due to various sources or contributions.1.the theory of conversational implicature may provide come significant function explanation for linguistic facts.2.it provides some explicit account of how it is possible to mean more than what is actually “said”, or more than what is literally expressed.3.it may help to simplify the content of semantic descriptions.4.it is essential if various basic facts about language are to be accounted for properly.5. it may offer an insight into the rhetorical use of language.The Cooperative Principle has four categories of maxims as follows:1. Quantity2.Quality3.Relation4.MannerIt is important to recognize these maxims as unstated assumptions we have in conversations. In this case, it violates the Quality of CP. Quality: Try to make your contribution one that is true.(1) Do not say what you believe to be false.(2) Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.We can see the sentence “I?m dead” is not true, so it violates the maxim of quality in CP and products implicature.5.Xiao:(look around)（20’）Grocer:⽼师吃什么？(what would you like to have,teacher?)Xiao:西⽠多少钱⼀⽄？(How much is water melon?)Grocer:⼀块⼆(one yuan and twenty)Xiao:⼀块⼆？很贵的(one yuan and twenty?very expensive）Grocer:哦，我们进来就⼀块⼀，⼀天挣不了⼏个钱，你要我给你便宜⼀⽑Grocer:好，来⼀个。

语用学期末考试试题# 语用学期末考试试题## 第一部分：选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语用学研究的核心问题是：A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的语法结构C. 语言的使用情境D. 语言的历史演变2. 以下哪个选项是间接言语行为的例子？A. "请把窗户关上。

"B. "今天真热啊。

"C. "你能把窗户关上吗？"D. "窗户开着。

"3. 语用学中的“合作原则”是由谁提出的？A. 乔姆斯基B. 格莱斯C. 索绪尔D. 维特根斯坦4. 以下哪项不是语用学中的语境因素？A. 社会文化背景B. 说话者和听话者的关系C. 语言的音韵特征D. 说话的时间和地点5. 语用学中的“礼貌原则”包括哪些子原则？A. 量准则、质准则、关系准则、方式准则B. 量准则、质准则、方式准则、目的准则C. 质准则、关系准则、方式准则、目的准则D. 量准则、关系准则、方式准则、目的准则## 第二部分：简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 解释“言语行为”理论中的“言内行为”、“言外行为”和“言后行为”。

2. 描述“隐喻”在语用学中的作用及其对语言理解的影响。

3. 阐述“语境”在语言交流中的重要性，并举例说明。

## 第三部分：论述题（每题25分，共50分）1. 论述“预设”在语言交流中的作用及其可能引起的误解。

2. 分析“指示语”在不同语境下的变化，并讨论其对交流的影响。

## 第四部分：案例分析题（共30分）阅读以下对话，并分析其中涉及的语用学概念：- A: “你昨天去图书馆了吗？”- B: “如果我去了，我就不会问你借书了。

”请从语用学的角度，分析B的回答中隐含的意思，并讨论这种交流方式在日常生活中的应用。

请注意，以上试题仅为示例，实际考试内容和形式可能有所不同。

考生应根据具体的教学大纲和课程内容进行复习准备。

语用学考试试卷I.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F): (15%)1.( ) Pragmatics is the study of language use, and more specifically, the study of speaker meaning asdistinct from word or sentence meaning.2.( ) Pragmatics concentrates on those aspects of meaning that takes into account the knowledge aboutthe physical and social world.3.( ) The typical verbal form of the positive politeness strategy in English is the interrogative with amodal auxiliary.4.( ) “Jack continues to act foolishly” presupposes “Jack is acting foolishly at present.”5.( ) Saying “I forgot my pen.” is the use of on-record strategy for borrowing a pen.6.( ) “And” in English equals the logical sign “&,” meaning plus.7.( ) The conventional implicature of “Even John came to the party”is that “It was contrary toexpectation that John came to the party.”8.( ) A counter-factual presupposition means that what is presupposed is not true like the utterance “Idreamed that I was rich.”9.( ) A social contrast encoded within person deixis is known as T/V distinction, in which T refers to“non-familiar” while V to “familiar.”10.( ) In the utterance “Let’s start at once,”“let’s” is the exclusive-of-addressee use of the first persondeixis.II. Match each of the items in the right column with the one in the left column by putting in the bracket the letter corresponding to the answer. (10%)1. John Lanshaw Austin: ( ) a. presupposing2. Geoffrey Leech: ( ) b. Clean up this mess.3. Herber Paul Grice ( ) c. independence4. Brown & Levinson ( ) d. implicating5. presupposition ( ) e. How to Do Things with Words6. negative face ( ) f.. I’ll be back soon.7. commissive ( ) g. cooperative principle8. +> ( ) h. face theory9. >> ( ) i. the projection problem10. performative hypothesis( ) j. politeness principleIII.Fill in the blanks with proper words: (27%)1. The social deictic center refers to the speaker’s social _________ and __________ to which the addressee and the referent are related2.“There” in “Hi, how are you getting on there?” is a ____________ use of the deictic expression; while in “I’d like to move the desk there,” it is a ___________ use.3. In “How do you like that? He stabs you in the back and then professes to be your friend,”“that” is known as _______________ reference.4. ______________ is a very important concept in the use of deixis, which may be ___________, near the speaker, or __________, away from the speaker.5. A conversational implicature is generated when one or more of the maxims of cooperative principle is ______________ with the hearer’s ______________.6. The hyperbole in “She’s the most beautiful girl in the world” can be interpreted as being produced through the violation of the maxim of ______________.7. The blessing expression “Happy new year!” is an example of __________ deixis.8. According to politeness theory, the more ____________ the linguistic form is, the higher degree of politeness it has when used to make a request.9. The locutionary act of an utterance is concerned with the basic act of its ____________ form; while the illocutionary act with its ____________. and the perlocutionary act with its_____________.10. The final phrase “I guess”in “It will clear up tomorrow, I guess.”is called a __________ device that exemplifies the speaker’s observation of the maxim of ___________.11. In saying “I don’t know if this is important, but some of the files are missing,” the speaker is observing the maxim of ________________.12. According to Halliday, language plays three functions, namely ______________ function, _____________ function, and ______________ function,13. A simple utterance like “I’m tired” may have different pragmatic meanings in different contexts. Write out the sentence semantic meaning，two of its possible pragmatic meanings and the corresponding contexts they are in.the semantic meaning: ____________________________________________pragmatic meaning 1: _____________________________________________(the relevant context):_____________________________________________pragmatic meaning 2: _____________________________________________(the relevant context):_____________________________________________IV.Briefly answer TWO of the following questions (around 50-60 words for each) Write your answer on the other side of the paper. (Attention: Indicate your choices among the questions by writing their corresponding letters at the beginning of your answers.). (48%)a)It is strongly believed that background knowledge, to which culture is closely related culture, plays avery important role in communication. What implications do you think this belief has for interculturalcommunication and foreign/ second language teaching?b)In what way is deixis or speech act theory or conversational implicature theory or presuppositiontheory, an important aspect of pragmatic study? (Give at least one example to illustrate your discussion) (15%)c)One of the properties of politeness is gradation. Do you think the more polite an utterance is, the betterit is? Why (not)? (15%)d)Point out TWO of the five features of conversational implicature discussed in class and use examplesto illustrate the features.Answer KeyI. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. FII. 1. e 2. j 3. g 4. h 5. I 6. c 7. f 8. d 9. a 10. bIII. 1. status, rank 2. symbolic, gestural 3.cataphoric 4. distance, proximal, distal5. violated, knowledge6. quality7. social8. indirect9. linguistic, force, effect10. hedging, quality 11. relation 12. interpersonal, ideational, textual 13. (omitted)IV. (omitted)。

语用学教程期末考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语用学研究的核心是什么？A. 语言的形式B. 语言的意义C. 语言的使用D. 语言的起源2. 下列哪项不是言语行为理论的三个层面？A. 语力行为B. 语用行为C. 语义行为D. 语形行为3. 根据格莱斯的合作原则，说话人应该遵循哪四个准则？A. 量准则、质准则、关系准则、方式准则B. 量准则、质准则、目的准则、方式准则C. 量准则、目的准则、关系准则、方式准则D. 目的准则、质准则、关系准则、方式准则4. 语用学中的“指示”指的是什么？A. 指代B. 语境C. 言语行为D. 语用含义5. 语用学中的“礼貌原则”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 格莱斯B. 布朗和莱文森C. 奥斯汀D. 赛尔...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述语用学中的“隐喻”和“转喻”的区别。

2. 描述格莱斯的合作原则中的“量准则”。

3. 解释“言语行为”和“言语行为理论”的基本概念。

三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）1. 论述语用学在跨文化交际中的应用。

2. 分析并讨论“语境”在语用学中的重要性。

答案一、选择题1. C2. D3. A4. B5. B...（此处省略其他选择题答案）二、简答题1. 隐喻是一种通过将一个概念域映射到另一个概念域来表达意义的语言现象，而转喻则是通过将一个概念域中的某个元素与另一个概念域中的元素相联系来表达意义。

2. 量准则要求说话人在交际中提供足够的信息，既不多也不少，以满足交际的需要。

3. 言语行为是指说话人通过言语表达的意图，而言语行为理论是奥斯汀提出的，它将言语行为分为三个层面：语力行为、语义行为和语形行为。

三、论述题1. 语用学在跨文化交际中的应用主要体现在理解和解释不同文化背景下的言语行为，帮助人们避免误解和冲突，促进有效沟通。

2. 语境在语用学中的重要性体现在它对言语行为的理解和解释中起着决定性作用。

英语语言学练习----语用学一、Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.contextual view is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense. ( )is related to and also different from semantics. ( )notion of context is not important to the pragmatic study of language. ( ) utterances take the form of sentences. ( )act theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s. ( )made a distinction between what he called “constatives” and “performatives”. ( )locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. ( )their study of language communication, linguists are only interested in how a speaker expresses his intention and pay no attention to how his intention is recognized by the hearer. ( )are attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something. ( )Cooperative principle was proposed by John Searle. ( )are four maxims under the Cooperative principle. ( )violations of the maxims make our language indirect. ( )the utterances take the form of sentences. ( )thought that stating was also a kind of act, and that we can perform with language. ( )to the speech act theory, when we are speaking a language, we are doing something, or in other words performing acts; and the process of linguistic communication consists of a sequence of acts. ( )the acts that belong to the same category act share the same purpose or the same illocutionary act, and they are the same in their strength or force. ( ) the utterances that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in the syntactic form. ( )participants nearly always observe the CP and the maxims of the CP. ( ) sentence is grammatical concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstract intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of a predication. ( )is based on sentence meaning, it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context. ( ) the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context, pragmatics can also be regarded as a kind of meaning study. ( )linguists found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left considered.essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered. ( )the shared knowledge both by the speaker and the hearer, linguistic communication would not be possible, and without considering such knowledge, linguistic communication cannot be satisfactorily accounted for in a semantic sense. ( ) perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention. () to Paul Grice’s idea, in making conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate, otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk. ( )illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the utterance.【Keys】:1. T2. T11. T 16. F 17. T21. T 26. T 27. F二、Fill each of following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1. The shared knowledge which constitutes context is of two types; the knowledge of the l________ they use, and the knowledge about the w_______, including the general knowledge about the world and specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.2. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u________, and it should be considered in the situation in which it is actually used.3. The idea of Paul Grice is that in making conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to c_______, otherwise, it would be impossible for them to carry on the talk. The general principle is called the c________ p_________, abbreviated as CP.4. There are four maxims under the CP: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of q_________, the maxim of relation and the maxim of m____________.5. The maxim of relation requires that what the conversation participants say must be r__________.6. As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context, p__________ can be regarded as a kind of meaning study.7. If c___________ is not considered, the study of meaning is restricted to the area of traditional semantics.8. The meaning of an u__________ is concrete and context-dependent.9. An i___________ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.10. According to Seale, s__________acts fall into five general categories.11. C__________ are those speech acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action.12. To ask someone to pass a book is obviously a d__________.13. According to Paul Grice, in making c__________ the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate.14. Most of the violations of the four maxims give rise to c___________ implicatures.15. The significance of Grice’s c___________ principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.【Keys】:1. language, word2. utterance3. cooperate, Cooperative Principle4. quality, mannar5.relevant6. pragmatics7. context8. utterance9. illocutionary 10. speech 11.Commissive 12. dirextive 13. conversation 14. conversational15. Cooperative三、There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.1. __________ resulted mainly from the eapansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics.A. PragmaticsB. PragmatismC. PhonologyD. Practicalism2. Once the notion of _________ was taken into consideration, semantics spiiled into pragmatics.A. meaningB. contextC. formD. content3. If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes _______.A. a sentenceB. an actC. a unitD. an utterance4. A ___________ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical5. _______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.A. SpeakingB. SpeechC. SoundD. Spoken6. ______ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.A. A locutionaryB. An illocutionaryC. A perlocutionaryD. A speech7. One of the contributions Searle has made is his classification of __________ acts.A. locutionaryB. illocutionaryC. perlocutionaryD. speech8. The illocutionary point of __________ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. directivesB. commisivesC. expressivesD. declarations9. All the utterance that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their _________ form.A. syntacticB. semanticC. grammaticalD. pragmatic10. The cooperative Principle is proposed by ________.A. John SearleB. John AustinC. Paul GriceD. John Lyons11. Linguists found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the ________ of language use was left unconsidered.A. brevityB. contextC. accuracyD. none of the above12. Of the three speech acts, linguistic are most interested in the _________.A. locutionary actB. perlocutionary actC. illocutionary actD. none of the above13. The maxim of quantity requires: ___________.A. make your contribution ad informative as required.B. Do not make contribution more informative than is required.C. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.D. Both A and B.14. The maxim of quality requireds: do not say what you believe to be ________.A. falseB. trueC. briefD. orderly15. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to _______.A. utterance meaningB. speech act theoryC. conversational implicaturesD. all of the above.16. The significance of Grice’s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey _________ is literally said.A. more thanB. less thanC. the same asD. none of the above.【Keys】:1. A2. B3. D4. C5. B6. C7.B 8.C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13.D 14. A 15. C 16. A四、Define the following terms.1. context2. utterance meaning3. locutionary act4. illocutionary act5. perlocutionary act【Keys】:1. Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer.2. Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence ina real situation of communication, or simply in a context; it is concrete and dependent on the context.3. A locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.4. An ill ocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.5. A perlocuionary act is the act performed or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or resulting saying something.。

汉语言语用学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个选项是汉语中常用的礼貌用语？A. 你好B. 再见C. 请坐D. 以上都是答案：D2. “请”字在汉语中通常表示什么？A. 请求B. 命令C. 疑问D. 感叹答案：A3. 汉语中“谢谢”的礼貌程度比“多谢”要：A. 高B. 低C. 相同D. 不能比较答案：B4. 在汉语中，以下哪个词组用于表达道歉？A. 对不起B. 没关系C. 请原谅D. 以上都是5. 汉语中“请稍等”的意思是：A. 请等待B. 请离开C. 请快点D. 请坐下答案：A6. 汉语中“打扰一下”通常用于：A. 表示不满B. 表示请求C. 表示感谢D. 表示道歉答案：B7. 在汉语中，“请问”一词通常用于：A. 开始提问B. 结束提问C. 表示命令D. 表示拒绝答案：A8. 汉语中“请慢用”通常用于：A. 用餐时B. 工作时C. 学习时D. 睡觉时答案：A9. 在汉语中，“请多指教”通常用于：B. 工作时C. 用餐时D. 睡觉时答案：B10. 汉语中“请稍候”的意思是：A. 请等待B. 请离开C. 请快点D. 请坐下答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 汉语中表示“请慢走”的礼貌用语是“________”。

答案：请慢走2. 汉语中表示“请稍等”的礼貌用语是“________”。

答案：请稍等3. 在汉语中，当需要别人让路时，可以说“________”。

答案：借过4. 汉语中表示“请坐”的礼貌用语是“________”。

答案：请坐5. 汉语中表示“请稍候”的礼貌用语是“________”。

答案：请稍候6. 汉语中表示“请多指教”的礼貌用语是“________”。

答案：请多指教7. 在汉语中，当需要别人帮助时，可以说“________”。

答案：请帮忙8. 汉语中表示“请原谅”的礼貌用语是“________”。

答案：请原谅9. 在汉语中，当需要别人让座时，可以说“________”。