2014年国际关系学院翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析

2014年国际关系学院外语学院359日语翻译基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解一、将下列词语翻译成汉语（每小题1分，总共15分)1．レアアース2．けじめをつける3．覚悟を持つ4．頭が下がる5．ハイエンド・フォーラム6．エコ工業パーク7．二桁台の伸び8．表敬訪問9．国連気候変動枠組み条約10．北京コンセンサス11．大局を見据える12．国際法や例に則った方法で行う13．無人探査車両を搭載する14．正義感から捨て身で人を助ける15．歴史に向き合い、未来を切り開く【答案】1．稀土2．划清界限，区分3．有心理准备4．佩服5．高端论坛6．生态工业园区7．两位数的增长8．礼节性拜访9．联合国气候变化框架公约10．北京共识11．着眼于大局12．做法符合国际法和国际惯例13．搭载无人驾驶探测车14．见义勇为15．正视历史，开创未来二、将下列词汇翻译成日语（每小题1分，总共15分）1．酒驾2．社会基础设施3．签字仪式4．文化软实力5．坚持以人为本的理念6．摸着石头过河7．把权利关进制度的笼子8．畅销书9．搜索引擎10．欠费11．二手房12．退休金13．执政党14．病毒15．车牌【答案】1．よっぱらい運転2．社会インフラ3．調印式4．文化ソフトパワー5．「人間本位」という理念を堅持する6．石橋を叩いて渡る7．権力を制度の檻に閉じ込める8．ベス卜セラー9．検索エンジン10．料金が不足している11．中古住宅12．年金13．与党14．ウイルス15．車のナンバープレート三、把以下的日语短文1翻译成汉语（每题30分）中国伝統の濃厚な家族主義的ムードにおいて、結婚することは、親を養い、家を継ぐという意味合いを持っていた。

しかし、変革期にある今の中国では、核家族への転換が進み、家族の軸が親子関係から夫婦関係にシフトしつつあり、夫婦双方の感情はいっそう個人重視の傾向にある。

残念なことに、このような新しい情勢に直面しても、若年夫婦は、職場で教育を受ける機会や現代の結婚観・家庭観と家庭経営術を教えてもらうチャンスがない。

目　录
2011年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2012年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2013年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2014年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2015年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2016年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2011年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译：英译汉（每题1分，总共15分) 1．European monetary integration
【答案】欧洲货币整合
2．fuel economic growth
【答案】拉动经济增长
3．junk bond
【答案】垃圾债券
4．caller ID telephone
【答案】来电显示
5．parkinsonism
【答案】帕金森
6．solar cell plate
【答案】太阳能电池板
7．open-ended fund
【答案】开放型基金
8．Gall up Poll
【答案】盖洛普民意测验
9．conditions-based withdrawal
【答案】有条件撤军。

育明教育官网 北大、人大、中财、北外 、中传教授创办 集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版翻译硕士MTI 词汇26——经济金融词汇【育明教育解析】经济金融类词汇是各大高校常考的内容，希望大家在这个方面多多注意。

1、逆向选择（Adverse choice ）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。

2、绝对优势（Absolute advantage ）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。

3、选择成本（Alternative cost ）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。

4、需求的弧弹性（ Arc elasticity of demand ）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information ）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。

例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。

6、平均成本（Average cost ）平均成本是总成本除以产量。

也称为平均总成本。

7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost ）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。

8、平均产品（Average product ）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。

9、平均可变成本（Average variable cost ）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。

SECTION A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English.（原文）哲学家们以各种各样的方式解释世界。

哲学是言而不是行。

哲学家断乎改变不了自然与社会。

是不能也，非不为也。

哲学不是科学技术，不是生产力。

哲学是怀疑，是思虑，是静观，是探索。

严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。

哲学家至多只能解释人生，解释自己，解释文本。

哲学也不是知，不是知识体系，不是几何学、物理学那样一大套公理、公式，可以解决实际生存问题。

哲学的精神永远是探究、怀疑、发问、沉思；而不是提供现成的答案。

哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。

哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。

面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题，他苦苦沉思。

他唯一富有的是文本，哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。

哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈--他读书，是同古昔人物交谈；他写作，是同子孙后代交谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思，是同自己交谈。

他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于关怀，关怀永恒。

他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。

他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。

以哲学为命运的人应当准备在崎岖小路上独行，没有目的，也不会有黄金滚滚而来。

告别鲜花、头衔、掌声和奖品，钟情于思，就会有真哲学。

（参考译文）Philosophers interpret the world through a myriad of ways. Philosophy is more speculative than active. In no way do philosophers transform nature or society. This is not because they do not wish to, but because they are unable to. Philosophy does not work the way that science and technology do, and for this reason, philosophy does not represent a form of production force. What philosophy does represent are skepticism, reflection, contemplation, and exploration.Strictly speaking, philosophy does not attempt at explicating the universe, a responsibility that primarily resides with natural sciences. At their best, philosophers can only interpret life, interpret themselves, and interpret texts. Philosophy does not pretend to be knowledge, hence it does not aim at the construction of a system of knowledge, dissimilar to geometry or physics whose colossal framework of axioms and formulas can provide immediate solutions to the pragmatic problems of human survival. The essence of philosophy lies in eternal questing, questioning, inquiring, and meditating. Philosophy is under no obligation to furnish ready and handy answers. To some extent, philosophers tend to refrain from any secular involvements. A philosopher seldom frequents farmlands or factories, and he even never bothers to look through a telescope to make any observation of celestial bodies. He is only fond of staying in his personal library, in all its quietude, where he indulges himself in book-reading and in musing, pondering on those intangible ontological issues that he deems to be of ultimate significance. A philosopher is willing to surrender himself to utter loneliness and seclusion, confining himself to a room of his own, in a state of overwhelming solitude. In the face of the philosophical issues left over by great philosophical thinkers ancient and modern, he contemplates painstakingly. The only wealth to his possession is texts. Therefore, the task of philosophy is to interpret texts rather than to interpret the universe.A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era. In reading books, he converses with the ancients. In writing hisown books, he converses with the progeny. In delivering lectures, he converses with a multitude of young students. In contemplating, he converses with himself. He is adept at insights, penetrating into the future. He excels in speculations, speculating on the infinite. He indulges in reveries, traveling in the otherworld in unbounded fantasy. He abounds in sympathies, concerned about the eternal. He converses with the philosophers and the great minds in the remotest corners of the earth. In this sense, his vision extends into the infinite distance and his thoughts are connected with the past and the future. His vision and thoughts transcend all spatiotemporal boundaries whatsoever. He is great; he is immortal; because he is in permanent dialogue with the great souls of the past, the present and the future ……A person who pursues philosophy as his destiny must be ready to trudge along a lonely path replete with twists and turns, purposelessly and aimlessly. Nor should he expect to reap any materialistic rewards. He should be fully prepared to bid farewell to bouquets of flowers, honorary titles, applauses, and prizes in favor of committing himself solely to a life of meditation and contemplation. Only in such a state will true philosophy be born.SECTION B：Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese Translate the following into Chinese(2001)Until early in this century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American foreign policy. Then two factors projected America into world affairs: its rapidly expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on Europe. The watershed presidencies marked this progression: Theodore Roosevelt's (1) and Woodrow Wilson's (2). These men held the reins of government when world affairs were drawing a reluctant nation into their vortex. Both recognized that America had a crucial role to play in world affairs though they justified its emergence from isolation with opposite philosophies.Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and because a global balance of power was inconceivable to him without American participation. For Wilson, the justification of America's international role was messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread its principles throughout the world. During the Wilson's Administration, America emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary departure for Old World diplomats. These principles held that peace depends on the spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal system of law.To hardened veterans of a European diplomacy based on the balance of power, Wilson's views about the ultimately moral foundations of foreign policy appeared strange, even hypocritical. Yet Wilsonianism has survived while history has bypassed the reservations of his contemporaries. Wilson was the originator of the vision of a universal world organization, the League of Nations, which would keep the peace through collective security rather than alliance. Though Wilson could not convince his own country of its merit, the idea lived on. It is above all to the drumbeat of Wilsonian idealism that American foreign policy has marched since his watershed presidency, and continues to march to this day.America's singular approach to international affairs did not develop all at once, or as the consequence of a solitary inspiration. In the early years of the Republic, American foreign policywas in fact a sophisticated reflection of the American national interest, which was, simply, to fortify the new nation's independence. Since no European country was capable of posing an actual threat so long as it had to contend with rivals, the Founding Fathers showed themselves quite ready to manipulate the despised balance of power when it suited their needs indeed, they could be extraordinarily skillful at maneuvering between France and Great Britain not only to preserve America's independence but to enlarge its frontiers. Because they really wanted neither side to win a decisive victory in the wars of the French Revolution, they declared neutrality. Jefferson defined the Napoleonic Wars as a contest between the tyrant on the land (France) and the tyrant of the ocean (England) -in other words, the parties in the European struggle were morally equivalent. Practicing an early form of nonalignment, the new nation discovered the benefit of neutrality as a bargaining tool, just as many an emerging nation has since.（参考译文）直到本世纪初，孤立主义倾向在外交政策中一直大行其道。

四川大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享四川大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。

四川大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. (30′)1. Overseas remittance: 海外汇款;国外汇款2. European Union Emission Trading Scheme: 欧盟排放交易体系3. carbon sink: 碳汇4. TPP Agreement: 跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Partnership)5. COP 19: 联合国气候变化大会第19次缔约方大会[ the 19th Conference of the Parties (COP19) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]6. Malthusian Theory of Population: 马尔萨斯人口论7. sub-Saharan Africa: 撒哈拉以南非洲8. Maastricht Treaty: 马斯特里赫特条约9. Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC)：《中国南海缔约方行为公告》10. HSBC：汇丰银行11. the House of Lords：英国上议院12. purchasing power parity：购买力平价13. China-Britain Business Council (CBBC)：英中贸易协会14. Wikileaks：维基解密15. rep by pop：人口数决定代表数(representation by population);人民代表16. 创业板市场：Growth Enterprise Market17. 中国共产党第十八届三中全会：the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC (communist party of China)18. 棱镜亊件:PRISM;the US surveillance program PRISM19. 《本草纲目》：compendium of materia medica20. 假冒及盗版产品：counterfeit and pirated products21. 页岩气：shale gas22. 土豪: rich rednecks;Beverly Hillbillies;upstart;rural rich;local tyrant; local lord23. 比特币：bitcoin24. “脱光”(11月11日): ending the situation of being single; say goodbye to the single lives25. 现房与期房: complete apartment and forward delivery housing26. 老年痴呆: senile dementia; Alzheimer’s disease27. 杜莎夫人蜡像馆: Madame Tussauds28. 热岛效应: Urban Heat Island Effect29. 《环球时报》:Global Times30. 《史记》: Historical RecordsII. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)Source Text 1:The biographer should sternly confine himself to the functions as introducer and should give no more discussion than is clearly necessary for making the book an independent whole. A little analysis of motive may be necessary here and there, when for example, your hero has put his hand in somebody’s pocket and y ou have to demonstrate that his conduct was due to sheer absence of mind. But you must always remember that a single concrete fact were a saying into which man has put his soul is worth pages of psychological analysis. We may argue till Doom’s Day about Sw ift’s character, his singled phrase of dying like a poisoned rat in a hole, tells us more than all the commentators. The book should be the man himself speaking or acting, or nothing but the man. It should be such a portrait as reveals the essence of character. And the writer who gives anything that does not tell upon the general effect is like the portrait painter who allows the chairs and tables, or even the coat and cravat to distract attention from the vase. The really significant anecdote is often all that survives of a life. And such anecdotes must be made to tell properly instead of being hidden away in the wilderness of the common place. They should be a focus of interest instead of a fallible abstract for a book of miscellaneous. How much would be lost of Johnson if we suppressed the incident of the penance and to(*). It is such incidents that in books as often in life suddenly reveal to us all regions of sentiment, but never rise to the surface in the ordinary routine of our day.Source Text 2:The term genetically modified organism (GMO) refers to plants, microbes and animals with genes transferred from other species in order to produce certain novel characteristics (for example resistance to pests, or herbicides) and are produced by recombinant DNA technology. Four main sources of hazards of GMO are discussed by scientists worldwide:those due to the new genes, and gene products introduced; 2) unintended effects inherent to the teclinology; 3) interactions between foreign genes and host genes; and 4) those arising from the spread of the introduced genes by ordinary cross-pollination as well as by horizontal gene transfer.GM crops contain material, which is not present in them under natural conditions, and they form a part of our daily diet. To understand what effect they can have on us and on our animaJs, it is very important to study the influence of these GM plants in different organisms for several generations. At present, these studies are lackii.j from the scientific literature. Also, several detrimental effects of GM crops had been showed on the metabolism of animals. The hazard of GMO was shown for animals and the environment in many investigations. Earlier it was shown that consumption of GM food by animals led to the negative changes in their organisms. Experiments, conducted by A. Pusztai showed that potatoes modified by the insertion of the gene of snowdrop lectin (雪花莲凝集素),stunled the growth of rats, significantly affected some of their vital organs, including the kidneys, thymus (陶腺)，gastrocnemius muscles (聪肠肌)and othersand damaged their intestines and their immune system.Source Text 3:科学是讲求实际的。

大外翻译硕士2014年三科真题（回忆版）2014年大外翻译硕士MTI考研真题(回忆版)英语翻译基础题型是15个汉译英，15个英译汉，一个1分，共30分。

一、英译汉：1、Trusteeship Council2、carbon sink3、trade balance4、MDG5、sinking fund6、rotating EU presidency7、WIPO8、Nikkei index9、viral pneunomia10、the Bali Roadmap11、WHO Framework Convention on tobacco control12、UNCTAD13、photovoltaic technology14、The Doctrine of Mean15、Global Environment Facility二、汉译英：1、三农工作2、中国证监会3、《春秋》4、神九载人飞船5、二氧化硫6、人均可支配收入7、直辖市8、儒林外史9、外交豁免10、商务参赞11、缺席谈判12、现货交易13、戛纳电影节14、清明上河图15（我少抄写了一个，见谅）三、篇章翻译英译汉：是两篇文章，每篇大概不到300个单词吧。

第一篇是关于欧债危机的，原因及如何采取措施之类的。

第二篇先讲亚裔美国人是模范群体，随后介绍了他们生活中不如意的地方，其中有两个关键的生词不认识，影响了后面的整体翻译，一定要好好背单词啊，多多涉猎。

汉译英：中国的城镇化道路开头的的内容凭印象回忆好像是：大有大的难处，小有小的长处，中国幅员辽阔，农民居住分散，有安土重迁的传统乡土观念。

城镇化要以小城镇化为重点。

汉语百科知识一、名词解释：给了三段文章，从里面画出一些词语，要求进行名词解释1、三北工程、水土流失、生态系统、雾霾天气、经济、黄土高坡、绿洲、河西走廊2、三国、唐代、李白、现实主义、近体诗、宋词、说唱文学、文学、词牌3、古埃及、闪特米语系、达摩克利斯之剑、博弈、文化还有三个想不起来了，感觉整体偏重中国文化吧，还有里面的经济、文学什么的我都没解释太好，大家以后也要关注这些比较宏观、概念性的词语。

2014年国际关系学院翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：18.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：7，分数：14.00)1.在中国古代的历史著作中，最受重视的是所谓“正史”，即二十四史：二十四史在体例上都是纪传体，有私人撰写和官修两种类型，其中最受人称道的是私人撰写的“ 前四史”。

除纪传体外，古代史书还有编年体和纪事本体等。

唐代刘知几提出优秀的史官需要具备“ 史才三长”。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：(1)纪传体：是以本纪、列传人物为纲，时间为纬，反映历史事件的一种史书编纂体例。

纪传体史书的突出特点是以大量人物传记为中心内容，是记言、记事的进一步结合。

从体裁的形式上看，纪传体是本纪、世家、列传、书志、史表和史论的综合。

汉代司马迁所著的《史记》是中国第一部纪传体史书。

(2)“前四史”：“二十四史”中的前四部史书，包括西汉司马迁的《史记》，东汉班固的《汉书》，南朝范晔的《后汉书》以及西晋陈寿的《三国志》。

(3)编年体：是我国传统史书的一种体裁。

以时间为中心，按年、月、日编排史实，是编写历史最早也是最简便的方法，如《春秋》《左传》和《资治通鉴》等。

(4)“史才三长”：优秀史家应该具备的三方面长处，即史才、史学、史识。

“史才”指写史的能力；“史学”指具有渊博的历史知识，掌握丰富的史料；“史识”指对历史人物和事件的判断能力。

) 解析：2.唐代是诗的王朝，近体诗定型并取得了辉煌的成就。

诗人辈出，流派众多，山水诗派、田园诗派、边塞诗派等是其中最突出的派别。

元朝最有代表性的文学体裁是元曲，出现了“ 元曲四大家”。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：(1)近体诗：也叫“格律诗”“今体诗”，与“古体诗”相对。