ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM
FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
Jan. 5th, 2012
PART 1: Vocabulary (20%)
Directions: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
1.Mutual endeavor has shaped our world, and mutualism, the belief that individual and
collective well-being is obtainable only by mutual dependence, ______ family life, relationships and society.
A. underpins
B. overstates
C. underlines
D. overcomes
2. A man of original power can never be ______ within the limits of a single field of interest
and activity, nor can he ever be content to bear the marks and use the skill of a single occupation.
A. located
B. liberated
C. committed
D. confined
3.As a result of technological convergence and progress in digitization, the laboratories of
computer technology and consumer electronics firms are ______ in the race for innovation and sophistication.
A. searching
B. competing
C. intervening
D. absorbing
4.The degree in which a man ______ his work and gives it the quality of his own mind and
spirit is the measure of his success in giving his nature free and full expression.
A. demolishes
B. standardizes
C. individualizes
D. abolishes
5.In common with other developed economies, Britain has advocated the creation of a
high-skilled, high-waged economy by ______ the education and skills of its workforce.
A. renewing
B. overthrowing
C. decreasing
D. upgrading
6.No one on the planet is going to escape the effects of global warming, and for billions the
resulting environmental deterioration is going to make life ______ more difficult.
A. considerably
B. terminally
C. originally
D. regularly
7.Digital television will enable users to access a wide range of new services, such as
pay-per-view TV, the downloading of video games or software, or channels ______ in sports
or teleshopping.
A. interfering
B. specializing
C. participating
D. consisting
8.Earthquakes are immensely destructive, mainly because most cities in regions of high
seismic risk are dominated by buildings that are simply not built well enough to ______ the severe ground shaking of a major quake.
A. sustain
B. withstand
C. guarantee
D. inspect
9.By giving students access to a new world of information, sparking creativity, and ______
rich communication and collaboration across vast distances, computers have long been a powerful tool for education.
A. preventing
B. disrupting
C. facilitating
D. manipulating
10.While more and more women are ______ roles as managers, a new study reveals that these
women are increasingly turning to the stereotypically more 'male' traits, such as aggression, to get results.
A. defining
B. assuming
C. regarding
D. interpreting
11.The potential negative effects of violent video games on adolescent antisocial behavior, and
youth violence ______, is a highly debated issue, both in academic circles and among the general public and policy makers.
A. on average
B. on purpose
C. in particular
D. in advance
12. A new digital watermarking system not only protects music and media files from online
pirates but also ensures that the quality for ______ users is as good as it gets.
A. unauthorized
B. temporary
C. malicious
D. legitimate
13.There is relatively little ______ of opinion and scholarship about whether generational
differences exist that are worth taking into consideration in the workplace, colleges, and universities, and other contexts.
A. permission
B. minority
C. absence
D. consensus
14.Young people’s worlds have changed in a variety of ways, many of which have a ______ on
the sort of education and training that they demand.
A. contact
B. bearing
C. lead
D. stake
15.Nowadays graduates in the labor market are expected to be flexible, to direct and steer their
own work as well as that of others, to take responsibility and to mould jobs to make best use
of their ______ in the global market economy.
A. expectations
B. blunders
C. competencies
D. defects
16.No generation is more at ease with online, collaborative technologies than today’s young
people—“digital natives”, who have grown up in a/n ______ computing environment.
A. immersive
B. emergent
C. hostile
D. rural
17.Whereas university research and development departments may once have been the primary
arena for testing new tools and theories, the survey data reveal that corporations now have the ______ in adopting new innovations.
A. right
B. edge
C. control
D. license
18.Access to technology in school is particularly important ______ increasing disparities in
technology access outside of school.
A. in tune with
B. in line with
C. in need of
D. in light of
19.Taking an international overview on anything, in this case the out-of-school education of the
gifted and talented, offers ______ which can sometimes cut right across anyone’s cultural assumptions.
A. perspectives
B. prosecutions
C. obligations
D. objections
20.Obesity is a national health crisis and if current trends continue, it will soon ______ smoking
in the U.S. as the biggest single factor in early death, reduced quality of life and added health care costs.
A. distinguish
B. modify
C. imitate
D. surpass
PART 2: Cloze (15%)
Directions: In this part of the test, you’ll read an incomplete passa ge with 15 blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.
One of the greatest assets a manager can have is a happy and satisfied team of employees. However, building such a team is a __21__. Unless you’re in senior management, you may be limited __22__ the amount of compensation or the promotion opportunities you can provide to your employe es. Fortunately, these aren’t the only factors that influence employee job satisfaction, or __23__ the most important.
Providing tangible proof to your employees that their efforts are recognized, while often
__24__ as secondary to other factors, is still very important. Reasonable employees will understand that wage increases do have their limits, __25__ they expect to be adequately compensated. However, other types of incentives, such as bonuses or prizes for the __26__ achievers in key performance categories, can be just as effective.
It is crucial that both increases and other monetary incentives be performance __27__. Employees should always receive greater rewards and more recognition when they are giving a higher quality of work. __28__ being fair, of course, it also sends the message that the organization values and recognizes those who __29__ their jobs instead of just doing the bare minimum.
The culture and the work environment factor highly into employee job satisfaction. Employees who enjoy being around their coworkers and respect their management team are more __30__ to stay in a job when they agree with the company’s goals and values.
Another major __31__ to job satisfaction is how the employee feels about their role and responsibilities. Studies show __32__ those surveyed about their level of job satisfaction have cited factors such as the desire for __ 33__ in their work, having a variety of tasks to __34__, being properly trained and equipped to do their jobs, and having work that is challenging and requires thought and creativity. Employees looking to __35__ a company will have an interest in their personal development and opportunities for advancement as well.
Above all, employees want to feel that both they and their work are valued and appreciated by the company.
21. A. blessing B. handicap
C. challenge
D. failure
22 A. in favor of B. in terms of
C. on behalf of
D. on top of
23. A. necessarily B. viciously
C. accurately
D. collectively
24. A. to rank B. being ranked
25. C. ranked
A. therefore
C. otherwise
D. ranks
B. unless
D. but
26. A. top B. bottom
C. low
D. peak
27. A. driving B. driven
28. C. counting
A. In addition to
C. With regard to
D. counted
B. Regardless of
D. For the sake of
29. A. specialize in B. excel at
C. draw on
D. ward off
30. A. subject B. likely
C. contrary
D. loyal
31. A. advantage B. obstacle
C. response
D. contributor
32. A. that B. how
C. when
D. whether
33 A. authorship B. automation
C. autonomy
D. authority
34. A. adopt B. undergo
C. perform
D. supply
35. A. depart from
C. interfere in B. confine to
D. stay with
Part 3: Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are 4 passages. After each passage there are 5 questions or unfinished statements followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that can best answer the question or complete the statement, and then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
It seems only natural that happiness should flow from having more money. Even if they don’t admit it, people still behave as though it were true. More money means you can have what you want and do what you want. The house you dream of? It’s yours. The new car you desire? Here are the keys. The freedom to enjoy your favorite pastimes? Here’s your racket, the court is down there, just past the pool.
So the puzzle is this: why do social scientists consistently find only moderate relationships between having more money and being happy? Some have even suggested that this moderate connection might be exaggerated. In reality money might have very little to do with happiness at all. Most puzzling, though, is that people often seem aware at some level that money won’t make them happy. And yet they continue to work away earning money they don’t objectively need.
First, though, let's look at the three reasons money doesn’t make us happy:
It’s relative income that’s important. As I’ve noted previously, money is relative. It turns out we don’t mind so much about our actual level of income, so long as we’re earning more than other people around us. Unfortunately as we earn more money we’re likely to be surrounded by richer people so we often end up failing to take advantage of the positive comparison.
Material goods don’t make us happy. Acquiring things like houses and cars only have a transient effect on happiness. People’s desires for material possessions crank up at the same, or greater rate, than their salaries. Again, this means that despite considerably more luxurious
possessions, people end up no happier. There’s even evidence that materialism make us less happy.
People don’t shift to enjoyable activities when they are rich. This may be because of ‘the focusing illusion’. When people think about earning more money they probably imagine they would use the money on recreational activities. In fact, to earn the money, they have to spend more time at work, and commuting to and from work.
These three reasons naturally raise the question of why psychological findings are so out of step with people’s everyday experience. Surely if money doesn’t lead to happiness, most people would have worked that out by now. So why do people still chase the mighty dollar/pound/yen like their lives depended on it?
Nobel-prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman and colleagues put forward the idea that the reason people continue to think money makes them happier is that chasing it leads to conventional achievements. Conventional achievements include things like getting that coveted promotion or being able to afford that big house - in other words things that say loud and clear: hear I am and this is what I can do.
So we end up with this: money doesn't make us happy on a day-to-day basis. Acquiring money and status makes us feel satisfied with life. Through the ‘focusing illusion’ we convince ourselves that satisfaction equals happiness. Unfortunately it doesn’t. Even though we appear to have everything, we are left feeling that something is missing, but are unable to identify what that thing is. That thing is simply this: feeling happy. Right now. In the moment.
36. What do social scientists find about money and happiness?
A.Money is the final goal of people pursuing happiness.
B.Happiness largely depends on the amount of money.
C.More money does not necessarily make people happy.
D.Money counts most in people’s feeling of happiness.
37. According to the passage, which of the following confuses the author most?
A.The scientific findings fail to explain people’s obsession with pursuing money and
happiness.
B.Although happiness loosely correlates with money, people still paradoxically crave for
earning more.
C.Social scientists cannot reach an agreement on their findings as to the importance of
money.
D.Awareness of causal relationship between money and happiness weakens people’s
desire to make money.
38. According to the passage, people _____.
A.care a lot about their actual level of income
B.are convinced that people around them earn higher income
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6614911657.html,pare their income with that of higher earners
D.feel contented when they earn more than others
39. Material goods don’t make us happy because _____.
A.we need something permanent to feel happy
B.we need psychological and spiritual satisfaction
C.people in pursuit of money are despised in society
D.the more money we have, the more we desire
40. If money brings little happiness, why do people still chase money?
A.Because money and wealth gratify people’s vanity.
B.Because money is the only way to measure people’s achievement.
C.Because people use money to show off their success and social status.
D.Because people believe money brings things that reflect their accomplishments.
Passage 2
As Wal-Mart grew into the world’s largest retailer, its staff were subjected to a long list of dos and don’ts covering every aspect of their work. Now the firm has decided that its rules-based culture is too inflexible to cope with the challenges of globalization and technological change, and is trying to instill a “values-based” cultu re, in which employees can be trusted to do the right thing because they know what the firm stands for.
“Values” is the latest hot topic in management thinking. PepsiCo has started preaching a creed of “performance with purpose”. Chevron, an oil firm, brands itself as a purveyor of “human energy”, though presumably it does not really want you to travel by rickshaw(人力车). Nearly every big firm claims to be building a more caring and ethical culture.
A new study suggests there is less to this than it says on the label. Commissioned by Dov Seidman, boss of LRN, a firm that advises on corporate culture, and author of “How”, a book arguing that the way firms do business matters as much as what they do, and conducted by the Boston Research Group, the “National Governance, Culture and Leadership Assessment” is based on a survey of thousands of American employees, from every rung of the corporate ladder.
It found that 43% of those surveyed described their company’s culture as based on command-and-control, top-down management or leadership by coercion—what Mr. Seidman calls “blind obedience”. The largest category, 54%, saw their employer’s culture as top-down, but with skilled leadership, lots of rules and a mix of carrots and sticks, which Mr. Seidman calls “informed acquiescence (默许)”. Only 3% fell into the category of “self-governance”, in which everyone is guided by a “set of core principles and values that inspire everyone to align around a company’s mission”.
The study found evidence that such differences matter. Nearly half of those in blind-obedience companies said they had observed unethical behavior in the previous year, compared with around a quarter in the other sorts of firms. Yet only a quarter of those in the
blind-obedience firms said they were likely to blow the whistle, compared with over 90% in self-governing firms. Lack of trust may inhibit innovation, too. More than 90% of employees in self-governing firms, and two-thirds in the informed-acquiescence category, agreed that “good ideas are readily adop ted by my company”. At blind-obedience firms, fewer than one in five did.
Tragicomically (悲喜交加), the study found that bosses often believe their own guff (胡扯), even if their subordinates do not. Bosses are eight times more likely than the average to believe that their organization is self-governing. (The cheery folk in human resources are also much more optimistic than other employees.) Some 27% of bosses believe their employees are inspired by their firm. Alas, only 4% of employees agree. Likewise, 41% of bosses say their firm rewards performance based on values rather than merely on financial results. Only 14% of employees swallow this.
41. We can infer that “human energy” in the second paragraph refers to _____.
A. a method of generating electricity
B.an advanced means of transportation
C. a strategy of personnel management
D. a method of evaluating corporate profits
42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Most of the big firms in the US imposed rigid rules on their employees.
B.Wal-Mart credits its market dominance to its value-based culture.
C.The study shows that big firms haven’t yet built a more caring culture as they say.
D.The survey by the Boston Research Group limits its subjects to senior employees.
43. Which of the following situations can be classified as “self-governance”?
A.Employees hold the most stock shares of a company.
B.The labor union has the paramount power in a company.
C.Employees willingly do the right thing under the same values.
D.Employees are rewarded based on their skills and performance.
44. The biggest difference between a blind-obedience company and a self-governance company
is ____.
A.the adoption of good ideas
B.the occurrence of unethical behavior
C.the cases of blowing the whistle
D.the level of productivity
45. The main purpose of this passage is to show _____.
A.employers and employees usually don’t feel the same about the corporate culture
B.employers should trust and respect their employees
C.self-governing companies enjoy more advantages than the other two types of companies
D.there is still a long way for companies to truly build a value-based culture
Passage 3
“To be rooted is perhaps the most important and least recognized need of the human soul,” Simone Weil argued in the mid-twentieth century. Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends”; Second Life mimics real-life places with its homes, offices, and restaurants. What is different about mobile playgrounds is that mobile devices force real life and virtual life (and real places and virtual places) to try to coexist in a way they never have before.
We want to see this as a good, enabling thing — I can fire off that e-mail to the office and then get back to relaxing on my vacation! — but it is instructive to go to a playground today: even on a weekend, you will see parents engrossed in their iPhones and BlackBerrys while their children make increasingly loud bids for their attention. The November 2, 2009 cover of The New Yorker sadly and beautifully satirized this trend: it shows an illustration of children out trick-or-treating, basked in the glow of houselights, while their parents bask in the glow of the smart-phones in which they are rapt(全神贯注的). Even our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized by our need to stay connected —and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.
And when we decide to leave home entirely, we find it difficult to leave the demands of work behind. Consider the cruise ship industry: every year, more than three million people board a Carnival Cruise ship to take a vacation. They spend a great deal of time eating — and gambling — and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another —one that seems counterintuitive in vacationers eager to get away from it all: staying connected. With their twenty-four-hour Internet cafés, onboard WiFi, and an advertising campaign that features bikini-clad patrons lounging on deck chairs with laptop computers, Carnival Cruise Lines has enthusiastically responded to the demands of patrons who seek an ideal of maritime escape but still want to check their e-mail several times a day.
This, too, is the strange new world of leisure: never disconnected, and never really free from the demands of daily life. Notwithstanding all the talk of mobility, we find ourselves tethered in novel ways —not to a hometown, or to a particular social background, but to our devices themselves and the feeling of connection they provide, which we seemingly cannot sit still without.
46.According to the first paragraph, what can we learn about MySpace and Second Life?
A.They function as real life venues for entertainment.
B.They deserve credit for reflecting the human soul.
C.As virtual playgrounds, they resemble reality in terms of place.
D.Through mobile devices, they represent engagement with society.
47.When saying it is instructive to go to a playground today, the author means that ____.
A.people’s indulgence in staying connected can be witnessed there
B.playgrounds are the places for parents and children to spend time together
C.responsible parents are supposed to engage their children with outdoor activities
D.smart phones are the culprit for the poor relations between parents and children
48.The following statements are TRUE except ____.
A.people vacationing on Carnival Cruise ships have access to the Internet today
B.eating and gambling are the exclusive things people can enjoy on cruise ships
C.Carnival Cruise Lines cater to vacationers’ demands to stay in contact with others
D.people’s desire to remain connected makes it difficult for them to escape from work
49.The word “tethered” in Line 2 of the last paragraph probably means ____.
A.disconnected
B. confined
C. immune
D. indifferent
50.This passage is intended to ____.
A.analyze the various reasons for humans to settle down
B.advocate the necessity of virtual connection in leisure time
C.enumerate the enormous benefits of mobile devices for work and life
D.highlight the transformation of mobility through ubiquitous connection
Passage 4
State environmental officials are proposing a new set of rules that would give automobile manufacturers three years to start selling zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) that — for all practical purposes — do not yet exist. The state Department of Environmental Quality has released draft rules mandating that 11 percent of all automobiles sold in Arizona beginning with the 2011 model year have zero emissions. That would increase to 16 percent by 2018 and beyond.
However, there are opposing opinions which claim that replacing conventional cars with electric vehicles will expose people to dangerous levels of lead, according to industry and environmental groups. A research led by three professors from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh suggests that an electric car powered by lead-acid batteries will “release 60 times more lead per kilometer of use” than an “equivalent car burning leaded gasoline”. But critics argue that the researchers have used unrealistic assumptions.
Releases of lead to the environment are now tightly controlled because of the metal’s toxicity since the 1970s, when leaded petrol began to be removed in the US, levels of lead in the blood of American children have dropped. But economist Lester Lave and engineers Chris Hendrickson and Francis McMichael worry that mass production of lead-acid batteries for electric cars might reverse that trend.
Reaction to this suggestion has been hostile, however. “I think they’ve missed the point completely,” says John Rodman of the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs. He says the benefits of reducing pollution from traffic in cities will far exceed the risks of small increases in lead releases. Michael Weistein of Electro Source in Austin, Texas, a developer of
advanced lead-acid batteries, complains that is “misleading scare tactics”.
The research result, published in the latest edition of Science, comes as American car makers are being forced to produce “zero-emission vehicles” starting in 2000. The plan was originally designed to reduce airborne pollution in California, and Massachusetts and New York have since followed suit. While car company engineers are designing ZEVs, their top executives are fighting the mandates being imposed on them.
The Carnegie-Mellon researchers estimated the amount of lead needed to power ZEVs and how much would be released in mining, battery manufacture and recycling. But critics complain that the team's 1378 kilogram figure for the weight of batteries needed in a ZEV is a serious overestimate. General Motors’ small electric car, called the Impact, weighs 132 kilograms in total and carries only 522 kilograms of batteries. Lave says he had too little performance data to use the impact as a baseline.
51. What are the research findings published by the professors from Carnegie-Mellon
University?
A.Conventional cars burning leaded gasoline are more dangerous than electric cars.
B.Mass production of lead-acid batteries will seriously affect American children’s health.
C.The wide use of electric cars powered by batteries will increase lead releases to the
atmosphere.
D.Replacing conventional cars with ZEV will be very dangerous.
52. By "that trend"(Line 5, Para.3) the author refers to _____.
A.the drop of the lead level in the blood of American children
B.the replacement of conventional cars with electric cars
C.the control of the releases of lead to the environment
D.the ban on the use of leaded petrol
53. Which of the following statements best expresses the viewpoints of John Rodman?
A.He is opposed to the mass production of lead-acid batteries for electric cars.
B.He believes the advantages of ZEV outweigh its disadvantages.
C.He thinks the increase in lead releases will be exceedingly risky.
D.He supposes the only benefit of ZEV is to reduce pollution in cities.
54. The American car makers' attitude towards the ZEV mandates is _____.
A. suspicious
B. scared
C. confident
D. displeased
55. According to the Carnegie-Mellon team research, which of the following is NOT the reason
for the increasing amount of lead needed in a ZEV?
A.Production of lead-acid batteries.
B. Weight of batteries.
C. Leaded petrol.
D. Mining of lead.
Part 4: Translation (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. And then write your translation in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.
We are living in the middle of a revolution in consciousness. Over the past few decades, geneticists, neuroscientists, psychologists, sociologists, economists, and others have made great strides in understanding the inner working of the human mind. Far from being dryly materialistic, their work illuminates the rich underwater world where character is formed and wisdom grows. They are giving us a better grasp of emotions, intuitions, biases, longings, predispositions, character traits, and social bonding, precisely those things about which our culture has least to say.
Part 5: Writing (15%)
Direction: Write a composition of about 200-250 words on one of the following topics.
1.Some people believe that the proliferation(增加)of information tools, services, and channels
makes managing their own personal and professional information increasingly difficult. To what extent do you agree to this idea? Give your reasons and explanations.
2.It is said that the modern world would not exist without fundamental scientific and
mathematical discoveries. Do you think that promoting math and science education is the best way to stimulate future innovation? Give your reasons and explanations.
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM
FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
Jan. 5th, 2012
ANSWER SHEET
Student No._________________ Class______________ Name ________________ Part 4: Translation (10%)
Part 5: Writing (15%)
大一英语期末考试试题精选 又到一个学期的期末了，大家复习好大学英语了吗?为大家精心挑选了一份大学英语第一学期期末试卷，供大家复习使用，希望能够帮助到大家! 大学一年级英语试卷 Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center. Passage One Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience. It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, w ho review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”
天津大学文件 天大校研〔2015〕4号 各学院（部）及有关单位： 为加强和完善研究生管理，维护正常的教学秩序，树立优良校风，保证研究生的培养质量，依据教育法、高等教育法及教育部关于《普通高等学校学生管理规定》等相关法律规定，贯彻落实教育部、国家发展改革委、财政部《关于深化研究生教育改革的意见》以及《天津大学关于全面深化研究生教育改革的意见》等文件精神，结合我校实际情况，学校修订了《天津大学研究生管理规定》,经2015年第7次校长办公会审议通过，现予以印发。原《天津大学研究生管理规定》（天大校研〔2010〕9号）同时废止。请各单位认真学习，遵照执行。 特此通知。
附件：天津大学研究生管理规定 天津大学 2015年11月30日（联系人：陈金龙，联系电话：27401978）
附件 第一章总则 第一条为加强和完善研究生管理，维护正常的教学秩序，树立优良校风，保证研究生的培养质量，依据教育法、高等教育法及教育部关于《普通高等学校学生管理规定》等相关法律规定，贯彻落实教育部、国家发展改革委、财政部《关于深化研究生教育改革的意见》以及《天津大学关于全面深化研究生教育改革的意见》等文件精神，结合我校实际情况，特制定本管理规定。 第二条本管理规定适用于全日制教育的研究生，非全日制教育的研究生参照此规定执行。 第二章入学与注册 第三条凡按照国家招生规定录取的新生，经教育部批准，即取得我校研究生入学资格。 第四条新生须在规定的日期内，凭天津大学录取通知书、有效身份证件和学历、学位证书办理入学手续。因特殊情况不能按期报到者，须事先请假并附有关证明，经研究生院批准，可延期报到，期限不得超过两周。 第五条新生入学后，按照国家招生规定进行资格复查。复查合格者，在交纳相关费用后准予注册，取得学籍。
姓名：……学号：…… 学院：….. 专业：….. 指导老师：…… Unit 6Time traveler 1. What was the guy doing when he suddenly found himself in a completely different world? What year is it in this different world? Answer: The guy was just about to give his wife a present for her birthday ,and there were thunders and lightening. Then all of a sudden, he found himself in a completely different world. It is the year 2000 i n this different world. 2. What are some of the cultural shocks he’s experienced in this world? Answer: He traveled from the year 1900 to the year 2000, so he experienced many cultural shocks when communicating with others.He felt confused about the ID card, the driver licence, the credit card, ATM card and something like that. He misunderstood the meaning of the restroom and the bathroom. Also he could not understand the meaning of a mall or food court. He couldn’t read the menu and thought a hotdog as a real dog. What’s more, he was curious about the cellphone because he had never seen it before. 3. Some science fictions on time travel are mainly about cultural shocks. Can you conceive of a time traveler of our time going back to 1960’s or even earlier, or vice versa? What would be some of the cultural shocks the traveler would encounter? Make a list of them or conceive a conversation as the traveler first sets foot in the different world. Answer: Recently, many TV plays, based on a series of experiences of a time traveler, such as The Palace and Startling by Each Step, arouse a great upsurge in time traveling. In fact, I can’t conceive of a time traveler of our time going back to 1960’s or even earlier,but these TV plays really appeal to me. For example, the leading lady in Startling by Each Step, traveled from our time back to Qing dynasty. Of course, a time traveler will encouter many cultural shocks. When one travels in a completely different world, he will feel like a fish out of water. He may misunderstand what others said, and can’t communicate well with others.
2010级大学英语第一学期期末考试(A卷) Jan., 2011 Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience. It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.” In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite（流星） from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time. After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life”was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock. Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted? No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings
天津大学研究生奖学金 暂行管理规定 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
天津大学文件 天大校研〔2009〕1号签发人：钟登华 天津大学研究生奖学金暂行管理办法（修订） 第一章总则 第一条奖学金的设置和管理是研究生培养机制改革的核心组成部分，为使研究生奖学金管理更加科学化、规范化，适应创新人才培养的要求，特对津大校研〔2007〕7号文件《天津大学研究生奖学金暂行管理办法》进行修订。本办法旨在建立以科学研究为主导的导师责任制和与之配套的导师资助制，完善评选和奖励机制，优化培养过程和提升培养质量。 第二条适用对象为全日制非在职硕士研究生及全日制非在职博士研究生。 第三条研究生奖学金主要用于资助优秀研究生在学期间的培养费、生活费等方面的开支，其资金来源主要由国家下拨的研究生培养专项经费、学校投入的培养经费和导师科研项目中配套的资助经费三个部分构成。研究生奖学金不包括由企业或个人设立的专项奖学金、助学金、困难补助金等方面的奖励或资助。 第四条学校成立研究生奖学金管理办公室，设在研究生院，负责研究生奖学金评定各项工作的组织与管理。 第二章硕士研究生奖学金体系及有关配套措施 第五条对于全日制硕士研究生学校设置了四个等级的奖学金体系。申请硕博连读的研究生，在被确定取得硕博连读生资格后，可享受博士生三等奖学金，具体标准参见本管理办法
第三章。硕士研究生享受奖学金资助的期限为2～3年（由各学院及专业的学制决定），延期不享受奖学金。 第六条对于硕士研究生入学后的第一学年，奖学金的评定主要依据其入学的初试和复试成绩来确定（推荐保送攻读硕士学位的研究生，可根据各学院制定的实施办法评定，保返生按当年各学院推免生的规定执行）；具体奖学金体系设置如表1所示。 对于硕士研究生入学后的第二学年，奖学金的评定由其所在学院或学科负责，主要依据其入学后一年来的学习成绩和综合表现进行评定。 第七条为进一步强化硕士生导师在硕士研究生培养中的责任、权利和义务，导师招收和培养研究生，需根据具体招生情况向学校缴纳相应的配套资助经费。硕士生导师的招生基数为6名，在此基数内招生，导师无需向学校缴纳配套经费；从招收第7名硕士生开始，每多招收1名，需向学校一次性缴纳一定比例的硕士生培养费，具体标准如表2所示。国家专项计划招生（包括少数民族骨干计划、援藏计划、硕士生单独考试招生计划、MBA招生计划）不含在招生计划基数之中。招收应用型硕士研究生的导师，学术型与应用型研究生的名额分配见表2。 表2：硕士生导师招生配套经费标准与招生名额分配比例
1hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is what are the diseases that are genetically determined than developed because of unhealthy lifestyle.as everybody know that leukemia[l?'kim??] is a seldom cured disease .all the people are afraid to be attacked by it. leukemia is a kind of polygenic [,p?li'd?enik] diseases,genetic [d??'n?t?k] defeat and radiation[,red?'e??n]，drugs can spur the gene to change it’s state.not only leukemia,but also Malignant [m?'l?gn?nt] disease, endocrine ['?nd?kr?n] disease, autoimmune [,?to?'mj?n] disease have the characteristic that can be influenced by external environment such as unhealthy lifestyle.so don’t think ourself as gene-safety guies,we should take care of ourselfes and develop good habbits to safe oufself against such recurring [r?'k???] illness 2 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is what kind of person do you think you are,and what kind of life do you want to live? I believe that I don’t be clear what kind of person I am,my friend used to describe me as susceptible [s?'s?pt?bl], optimistic,brave humorous girl,maybe the gene of happiness comes from my parents and the environment I live in ,I am also a luck dog,somebody would give me a hand when I get trouble！all of you is my luck star! I used to dream i work in clean workplace and my co-workers are friendly,everyday I go to work with confidence and perform excellently.in holidays ,I wish traveling to many scenic['s?n?k] spots with my honey.i hope I can possess a healthy lifestyle and live to enjoy life! 3 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is do you believe that a person’s potentialities are limited by his genes? I don’t agree this opinion,Genes can give a person the initial character,but it doesn’t means the person keep the charater in his whole life,he will develop his potential along with his world view, experience in life .the potential is just like a mobilphone,some functions of the mobilephone is set in factory-fresh state but a lot of additional fuctions are researched and developed by the person who use it ,the person is the environment .so gene is only the part of potential but is not the determinant [d?'t?m?n?nt].the potential is decided by how we choose the way that we belong.because we are thoughtful humanbeings 4 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is anything we can do to upgrade ourseves? I have four points to answer this question,first I consider confidence is the chief factor to upgrade ourseves,keeping confident means you give yourself endless power to fulfill your dream,second,giving yourself a regular and healthy lifestyle in order to keep mental health and physical healty. a saying says The body is revolution in capital. this can help you focus attention to your career.third.be kind to your co-workers and friends,because all the people around you is are your luck star ,they take new opinion and surprise to you,you will be lonely and helpless without them.fourth,keep serious about the work your engaged in,when you work please don’t distract your attention to other things . keep high efficient is a good way to improve ourself. and to chieve your goals? 视频2、 1 hello everyone ,my name is A，my topic is enagine that you were one of the passengers on a hijacked plan,what would you do? oh dear ,it is horrible to imagine I was countered by a hijack,if I encounter a hijack,the fisrt thing I do is keeping silence and cast about for ideas to delay the game.then I will catfootedly ['k?t,futid]悄悄地dial 110 to let the police to know what is going on.next I will listen to the bandit’s words and give all my money to the bandits and go along with the crowd waiting the policemen to rescue us frightened birds.
2015天津大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、天津大学考博英语题型 Part1:听力理解，一段对话，10小题，10分； Part2：选词填空，15个词汇中选10个，10分； Part3：阅读理解40分 A：3篇（每篇600词左右），15题30分； B：1篇，5段空白，从7~8段文字中选择5段合适的段落，5题10分；Part4：翻译，600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语，20分； Part5：写作，要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。不少于200词，共20分。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导
师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。 总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。 初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。 五、听力答题技巧 1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。电话：四零零六六八六九七八。扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。 2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。 3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的大脑有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。 (1)提炼选项中的重要信息 考生务必先看选项。当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。 (2)掌握节奏合理安排时间 可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
大学英语预备阶段练习（一） （Unit 1~4） ⅠWord Building Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given in the brackets. 1.Thank you very much for your ____ advice. I followed it and succeeded at last. (value) 2.His business has ____ rapidly since his brother came to help. (development) 3.After a two-day discussion, we finally found a ____ to the difficult problem. (solve) 4.Prices ____ high for quite a while .People began to complain about it. (remaining) 5.I don’t think it ____ to finish all the work today. We can go on with it tomorrow.(necessity) 6.It is obviously not ____ to leave a 3-year-old boy alone at home. (properly) 7.The tourists saw a beautiful ____ when they climbed onto the top of the mountain.(scene) 8.Traveling in the desert is a challenging ____ to most people. ( inexperience) 9.____, I don’t think it possible to finish the task in two days. (person) 10.The government must make sure that the economy is developed in the right ____.(direct) ⅡVocabulary and Structure Directions: Choose the best one from the four choices to complete the sentence. 11.The temperature ____ throughout the day in that part of the country. A. very B. remains C. differs D. varies 12.The game is full of violence and will certainly have a bad ____ on young players. A. meaning B. pain C. loss D. influence 13.The warm-hearted elderly lady downstairs is always ____ to help others. A. real B. ready C. practical D. polite 14.The question is ____ difficult in the exam today. Don’t you think so? A. therefore B. since C. rather D. otherwise 15.She used to live in a lovely ____ building near the sea. A. 3-story B. 3-stories C. 3-classed D. 3-classes 16.There are different ____ of transport in big cities for you to choose when you go out. A. means B. mean C. meanings D. meaning 17.They did not take a rest until the job was ____ finished. A. straightly B. specially C. completely D. fairly 18.The bookstore owner ____ the old magazines with a new ones to attract more readers. A. required B. reviewed C. repeated D. replaced 19.Would you like to buy the book? It is ____ reading. A. worthy B. firm C. further D. worth 20.She wears sunglasses to ____ her eyes from the sunshine in summer. A. prepare B. produce C. protect D. provide 21.We all like her very much for her pleasant ____: kind, gentle and warm-hearted. A. character B. chance C. chairman D. skills 22.All the students enjoyed the wonderful ____ by the professor that afternoon. A. discussion B. lecture C. advice D. solution 23.If you have confidence in yourself first, you will not be _______ by others easily. A.won B. doubled C. defeated. D. delayed 24.The little girl developed a strong _______ on her new friends.
天津大学文件 天大校研〔2012〕4号签发人：钟登华 关于发布《天津大学研究生奖助学金暂行管理办法》 的通知 各学院及各有关单位： 为使研究生奖助学金管理更加科学化、规范化，适应创新人才培养的要求，学校对《天津大学研究生奖学金暂行管理办法》（天大校研〔2010〕6号）进行了修订，经2012年第5次校长办公会讨论通过，现予以发布，请认真学习，遵照执行。 特此通知。 附件：天津大学研究生奖助学金暂行管理办法 天津大学 二○一二年八月三十一日 （联系人：任欣荣；联系电话：27401315） （共印3份） 天津大学校长办公室 2012年9月3日印发 附件 天津大学研究生奖助学金暂行管理办法（修订） 第一章总则
第一条奖助学金的设置和管理是研究生培养机制改革的重要组成部分，为使研究生奖助学金管理更加科学化、规范化，适应创新人才培养的要求，特对《天津大学研究生奖学金暂行管理办法》（天大校研〔2010〕6号）进行修订。本办法旨在建立以高水平科学研究为导向的导师责任制和与之配套的导师资助制，完善评选和奖励机制，优化培养过程和提升培养质量。 第二条适用对象为取得正式学籍的全日制非在职研究生（不含MBA、MPA、MEM、定向、委托培养研究生）。 第三条研究生奖助学金分为奖学金和助学金两部分，其资金来源主要由国家下拨经费、学校投入的培养经费和导师科研经费三个部分构成。研究生奖助学金不包括由企业或个人设立的专项奖学金、助学金、困难补助金等方面的奖励或资助。 第四条研究生奖助学金体系的设置、评定、发放等各项工作的组织与管理由研究生院奖学金管理办公室负责。 第二章硕士研究生奖助学金体系及有关配套措施 第五条对于全日制非在职硕士研究生，学校设置了有三个类别的奖助学金体系。硕士研究生享受奖助学金资助的期限以基本学习年限为准（由各学院及专业的学制决定），延期不享受奖学金。申请硕博连读的研究生，在被确定取得硕博连读生资格后，可享受硕博连读生奖助学金，具体标准参见本管理办法第三章。 第六条对于硕士研究生入学后的第一学年，奖助学金的评定主要依据其入学的初试和复试成绩来确定。推荐免试硕士研究生享受A类奖助学金待遇。对于硕士研究生入学后的第二学年及以后学年，采取申请制，奖助学金的评定工作由其所在学院负责，依据学院奖助学金评定办法（细则）和评审标准，在充分考虑导师意见的前提下，对研究生入学后的综合表现进行评定，评定结果须报研究生院审批备案。对于纳入奖助学金体系的保返生返校第一学年执行录取时评定的奖助学金类别，第二及以后学年的奖助学金类别与复学时同年入学的研究生一起评定。具体硕士研究生奖助学金体系设置如表1所示。 表1 硕士研究生奖助学金体系 奖助学金类别 第一年 奖助学金总额(单 位：元/年) 助学金 （单位：元/年） 奖学金 （单位：元/年） 比例 校拨导师配套 A类 (推免生) 21000 15000 3600 2400 70% B类18600 15000 3600 0 C类15000 15000 0 0 30%
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS TIANJIN UNIVERSITY Jan. 23rd, 2008 PART 1: Listening Comprehension (10%) Section A (5%) Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 long conversations and 1 short passage. The conversations and passage will be read only ONCE. At the end of each conversation or the passage, there will be questions. After each question there will be a pause. You must read the 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation: 1. A. Because she hasn’t got ready yet. B. Because she is waiting for David. C. Because she is waiting for a taxi to pick her up. D. Because it is raining very hard. 2. A. They are going to see film downtown. B. They are going to call on the Johnsons. C. They are packing and going on their holiday. D. They are going to buy an umbrella. 3. A. It was left in David’s office. B. It was left in Kate’s office. C. It was lost in the train some day. D. It was left with the Johnsons. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation: 4. A. Doctor and nurse. B. Librarian and library patron. C. Forest ranger and hiker. D. Nurse and patient. 5. A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday. D. Tuesday. 6. A. An allergy to animals. B. A reaction to toxic chemicals. C. An allergy to food. D. Contact with a noxious plant. Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following passage: 7. A. They are the highest. B. They are most challenging and popular. C. They are covered by snow all the year round. D. They are like paradise. 8. A. Anxious and worried.