八年级重点语法句型
语法：
1、动词
1）情态动词（modal verbs)
情态动词可以用来表示“提议”、“建议”或“请求”等。
情态动词should作“应该；应当；可以”讲，用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法。其后动词接原型。例如：
a用于表示"应该"或"不应该"的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
b用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.
如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
c用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
情态动词could用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。
a. 表示“能力”或“可能性”，作为can的过去形式。如：
Could you speak English then？那时你能讲英语吗？
He said he couldn't follow me. 他说他跟不上我。
b. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等情绪。如：
Who could have taken them？谁会把它们拿走了呢？
She couldn't have left so soon. 她不可能这么快就走了。
在这种情况下，could和can是可以换用的，用could时口气较缓和，用can时不相信的程度更强一些，两者在时间上没有差别。
c. 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。如：
—Could you let me have your passport?
—Yes, here it is.
—看看你的护照好吗？
—行，这就是。
I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果必要我可以早点来。
这时could和can没有时间上的差别。
2、过去进行时（past progressive tense）
1）过去进行时的定义
过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如：
I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。
I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。
2）过去进行时的结构
过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如：
I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。
3）使用过去进行时应注意的几点
(1) 过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如：
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他说他今天下午要去北京。
(2) 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如：
I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动?
(3) 过去进行时中有always, forever, continually, constantly修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如：
He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到人家。
3、现在完成时（present perfect tense)
1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。
She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。
We haven't met for many years .我们已多年没见了。
They have developed a new product .他们研制成功了一种新产品。
2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗?
She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了。
You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。
3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。
So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。
3、连词
both ……and:表示“两者都……”。注意：当both……and 连接主语时，后面动词一般要用复数。如：Both Lily and Lucy are right.
not only……but also: “不仅……而且……”。注意：后面动词采用就近原则，与but also后的词保持一致。
如：Not only my parents but also my brother likes the cat.
either……or:“或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如：Either you or I am wrong.
neither……nor:“既不……也不……" 是“either……or" 的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
如：Neither you nor he is right.
4、状语从句
状语从句专题—句法重点
状语从句是中考词汇和句法部分考查的重点内容之一。状语的功用：状语说明地
点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等
在复习状语从句时,主要任务是弄清楚引导各种状语从句的连词的用法。现就主要考查点简述如下:
1.引导时间状语从句的连词
主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as等。其中when while和as都可表示"当……时候",但用法有区别:
①when意为"在……时;当……时",可表示"点时间"或"段时间",从句谓语可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。例如:
When I got home, he was having supper.
②as意为"边……边……"或"与……同时",重在表示两个动作同时发生。伴随进行。as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。例如: They sang as they danced.
③while只可表示"段时间",从句谓语只限于延续性动词。例如:
While I was sleeping, my father came in.
注:从句谓语是持续性动词时,when、while和as可以互换
2.引导原因状语从句的连词
原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导?注意as,because,since和for 的区别:
①如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。例如:
I missed the train because I got up late.
注:对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。
②如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since、since 比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如: As he was not well,I decided to go there without him.
Since this method doesn't work, let's try another.
③for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。例如:
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.
3.引导结果状语从句的连词
主要有so/such…that…,so that等。
1) so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换。例如:
She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.
2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为"结果是;以致于"。例如:
They missed the bus so that they were late for class. so...that...”句型的意思是“如此/这么……以致于……”，常引导结果状语从句，但“so...that...”是个爱“变脸”句型，你一不留意就会出错。“so...that...”句型及其转换也是中考的热点，现将其用法总结归纳如下，让我们一起来看看它是怎样变的吧。
注意：so... that...句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，常用句型为：主语+谓语+so+adj. / adv. + that从句。例如：
1. he is so young that she can't look after herself.
2. The boy ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
3. He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.
在“such... that...”句型中，such修饰名词，意思也是“如此……以致于……”但当名词前有many、much、(a) few、(a) little等词修饰时，句子中要用“so...that...”而不能用“such...that...”。例如：
1. He has so much money that he can buy what he wanted.
2. I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.
3. There is litte water in the glass that I can't drink any more.
4引导目的状语从句的连词
so that也可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。例如:
He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early.
5. 引导让步状语从句的连词
though, although
注意：当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though 和yet 可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）
6. 引导条件状语从句的连词
要点：表示状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)
难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.
7．引导地点状语从句的连词
(1)地点状语从句由where，wherever，引导，如：
We must camp where we can get water.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
（2）地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。如：
Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句)
你从何处来到何处去。
Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句，修饰village) 回到你来的那个村子里去。
重点语法：一般将来时态的应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years?
重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）
do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?
重点语法：过去进行时态
do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were) doing
do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were) being done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?
动词when 和while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
感叹句
结构：(1) How + adj. + the + 主语+ 谓语动词
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主语+ 谓语动词
例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!
=How beautiful the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers are!
重点语法：宾语从句
结构：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语从句(主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语/表语)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句
结构：主句+ if + 条件状语从句
if + 条件状语从句+ [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。
例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重点语法：现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doing
do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been being done 现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响
例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating?
注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。
重点语法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重点语法：现在完成时态
do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/has) done
do/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态：(have/has) been done
现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。
例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重点句型短语
in five years
on computer
on paper
live in
as a reporter
free time
fall in love with …
like doing sth
keep a parrot
want sb. to do sth.
play one’s stereo
stay at home
argue with sb / have an argument with sb.
be out of style
write sb a letter/write to
talk about
on the phone
surprise sb.
pay for
get a part-time job
borrow sth. from sb.
get out (of)
in front of / in the front of
take off
buy for
land on
shout to / at
run away
come in
hear about
the Museum of Flight
happen to
stop doing
take place
as... as
first of all
pass on
be supposed to
do better in
be in good health
report card
get over
open up
care for
have a party for sb.
be mad at sb
all the time一直，始终
in order to 为了
have a party 举行聚会
go to college上大学
be famous for 因……而著称
in fact事实上
laugh at 嘲笑
too much太多
get exercise 锻炼
travel around the world 周游世界
work hard 努力工作
wear jeans 穿牛仔裤
get an education获得教育
in fact其实；实际上
run out of用完；用尽
by the way顺便；附带说说
be interested in 对……感兴趣
more than 比……多
make a list of 列清单
thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事
think of / about sth. 想起某事
not at all 一点也不
turn down调节(收音机等)使音量变小right away 立刻；马上
wait in line排队等候
cut in line插队
keep down控制
at first首先
break the rule不服从；不遵守
put out 熄灭
put on 穿上
pick up捡起
even if即使
fall asleep 入睡
give away 赠送
rather than 胜于
hear of 听说
take an interest in 对……感兴趣
make friends with 与……交友
Unit1：
When was she born?
She was born in 1996.
How long did David stand in a box of ice?
When did he start writing?
How old was Mo Yan when he left school?
Why was he famous?/what made him famous?
with great talent
street artist
paint pictures on the ground
get in trouble
win the Nobel Prize in Literature
expect to do sth.
all over the world
pen name ;real name
be born into a farmer’s family
drop out of school
try every means to do sth.
with sth.(no more books) at hand
He read it so many times that he found several mistakes in it. join the army
become famous
be made into a film
become interested in his works
short story
too… to
ride a bike
spend time with sb.(spend其它用法) win a skating competition
enjoy doing sth.
become seriously ill
have bad health
keep on doing sth.
take piano lessons
give concerts
touch the heart of sb.
break up
personal information
What do you think of our school? kind of strict
happen to sb.
feel unsure of sth
a good starting point
turn to sb.
more and more+adj
walk through the door
come over
have a secret feeling of fear
stand in a corner
help sb. do sth.
pass the time
make small talk
wait in line
break the ice
depend on
give sb. a chance to do sth.
on vacation
trek through the jungle
take it easy
in general
some day
as soon as possible
come true
thousands of
so that
quite a few
on the other hand
hold on to one’s dream
in the future
I like places where the weather is always warm. Where would you like to go？
in this season
at this time of year
It’s convenient to do sth.
take the underground train
pack light clothes
provide sth. for sb. /provide sb. with sth.
be willing to do sth.
achieve one’s dream
find it difficult to do sth.
the secret to language learning
be afraid to do sth.
body language
the expressions on the faces
key words
be interested in
look up the word in the dictionary
ask sb. for help
work with friends
make word cards
listen to tapes
How do you study for a test?
I study by…
improve my speaking skills
spoken English
It’s hard to do sth.
give a report
get the main idea
at first
word by word
It takes time.
The more you read, the faster you’ll be. because of
poor pronunciation
fall in love with
have a better understanding of sth.
be born with
have sth. in common
get bored
take notes
draw mind maps
the Lantern Festival
the Dragon Boat Festival
the Water Festival
eat five meals a day
put on five pounds
lose weight
in two weeks
be similar to...
throw water at each other
in the shape of...
folk stories
lay out
the story of Chang，e
refuse to do sth
have good luck in the new year
end up end up with share sth with sb
as a result
one ... the other...
care about
dress up
haunted house
play a trick on sb.
give out give up
trick or treat
light candles
the importance of…
take sb around…=show sb around…
warn sb to do sth. warn sb not to do sth the beginning of new life
remind sb of …
promise to do sth.
treat sb. with.
go along
go past the bookstore
be between A and B
go to the second floor
be excited to do sth.
You don’t need to rush.
hold my hand
serve delicious food
pass by
Could you please tell me when/how/where…? Do you know where I can buy some medicine? in different situations
how well they know each other communicate better with other people
park the car
used to be
be silent
Be +adj +enough to do sth.
be good in
on a basketball team
from time to time
get good scores on his exams
take up doing sth.
in front of her class/crowds
dare to do sth.
all the time
tons of sth.
have private time
hang out with sb
be prepared to do sth.
the road to success
a small number of
from the countryside
do well in
move to the city
look for
be absent from
fail one’s examination boarding school
advise sb. to do sth even though
take pride in
be proud of
be made of
the art and science fair environmental protection a model plane
grass and leaves
be famous for sth.
both in the past and now