v-ing形式作状语
v-ing形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。
1. 作时间状语
Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息，她感到害怕。
Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.
Turning around , he saw a tiger running up.
2. 作结果状语
The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
Her husband died, leaving her four children.
They fired, killing many people in the street.
3. 作伴随状语
He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.
He came running.
She stood waiting for a bus.
He sat there reading a book.
The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
4. 作原因状语
Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。
Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.
Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with him.
5. 作让步状语
Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。
Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读，她总是竭尽全力。
Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕，他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。
6. 作条件状语
Heating water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。
Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。
Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
7. 作目的状语
He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚，想通过考试。
注意：
一、V-ing 的时态和语态。
下表以动词do为例说明现在分词的时态和语态的不同变化形式及其否定式的构成：
1.现在分词的一般式表示该动作在与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前，在句中只能作状语表示时间和原因。如：
Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside. (分词动作与谓语动作同时发生)
The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. (分词动作在谓语动作之后发生)
Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football. (分词动作在谓语动作之前发生) Having turned off the TV set, he bagan to do his homework.
2. 现在分词的主动式表示动作是由句子主语发出，而被动式表明主语承受该动作。如：
Being noticed by so many people, she felt nervous, not knowing what to say.
Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.
Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.
Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.
3. 现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)。注意完成式的否定式应将not(never)加在have前。如：
Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.
Not having been washed in the correct way, the coat has faded.
二、现在分词可以与when, while, if, though等连词使用。如：
When doing your homework, you mustn't listen to the music.
Though having been warned many times, she got to school late again.
While reading the book, she nodded from time to time.
三、v-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。
Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me.（X）
Rushing into the dining-room, I found supper was waiting for me.
While visiting a strange city, a guide-book is very helpful.（X）
While visiting a strange city, you may find a guide-book very helpful.
四、当现在分词的逻辑主语不是句中主语时，可以带有自己的主语--名词或代词主格。这样的结构属于独立主格结构，有时前面还可加介词with构成复合结构。
Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.
Time permitting, we’ll visit the Great Wall.
He guiding the blind man, they walked slowly across the street.
Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic next Sunday.
With so many people looking at her, the girl felt nervous.
五. 固定结构：v-ing形式可以作独立成分，表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度。如：
Judging from his appearance, he must be a very healthy boy.
Generally speaking, boys are more active than girls in sports.
Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich.
Generally speaking, his answer is right.
Considering everything, they did a good job.
六、V-ing形式作状语时，可以用相应的状语从句替代，从句谓语必须用主动语态。
Seeing the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of the days in America.(=When I saw the picture, I…)
While reading the book, she nodded from time to time. （= While she was reading the book, she nodded from time to time.）
Being a student, I must study hard. (= As I am a student, I must study hard.)
Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for help. (= As he didn’t know how to do it, he asked the teacher for help.)由于不知道如何干，他请老师帮助。
Meeting any where else, we wouldn’t have recognized each other. (=If we had met anywhere else, we wouldn’t have recognized each other.)如果是在别处见面，我们彼此会认不出来的。
边学边练:
1. Don’t sit there _______ nothing at all. Come and help me with this table.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. and doing
2. The snow storm left, _______ a lot of damage to southern China.
A. caused
B. to have caused
C. to cause
D. having caused
3. He glanced over at her, _______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
A. noting
B. noted
C. to note
D. having noted
4. _______ in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed
B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
5. The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us ,left the meeting room.
A. who has made
B. having made
C. made
D. making
翻译下列句子。
1. 如果时间允许，我会去看望我的老师。
2. 我们发现他躺在床上，听着MP3。
3. 老师把三种不同的液体混合在一起，结果发现混合物呈现出红色。
4. 通过讨论，我们找到了解决这道数学题的方法。
5. 那位领导整夜未睡，考虑第二天做什么。
6. 挨了同学们的批评后，他不再去网吧打电子游戏了。
7. 由于年龄太小，小明不能当兵。
8. 过街时要小心。
9. 由于没有收到回信，他决定再给她发一份电子邮件。
10. 火车四点发车，十点到长沙车站。
Grammar
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.A
5.B
翻译下列句子。
1. Time permitting, I’ll see my teacher.
2. We found him lying on the bed, listening to the MP3 player.
3. The teacher mixed three different liquids, finding the mixture red.
4. Having had a discussion, we found the way to work out this math problem.
5. The leader stayed up all night，thinking of what to do the next day.
6. Having been criticized by his classmates, he didn’t go to the Internet bar to play computer games any more.
7. Being too young，Xiao Ming can’t join the army.
8. Be careful when crossing the street.
9. Not having received her reply, he decided to send another e-mail to her.
10. The train started at four, arriving at Changsha Station at ten.
1. __ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Los ing B. Havi ng lost C. Lost D. To lose be lost in ........................................ 2. If __ the same treatment again, he ? s sure to get well. A. Givi ng B. Give C. Give n D. being give n 3. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being foun ded B. It was foun ded C. Foun ded D. Founding It was founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. 4. ___ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest oceadoesn? t seem big at all. A. Compare B. Whe n compari ng C. Compari ng D.Whe n compared II. ................................................................ A-D ........................................................ impress; pour; speak(impress -.????]? ? ? 1. Once spoken, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once poured, water cannot be take n back aga in. 3. Impressed by the beautiful sce nery, I forgot to go back home in time. A. ............................ B. ........................... C. .............................................................. III. ..................................................................................... 1. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. Given (give) time, he ? 41 make a first class tennis player. 3. Looking (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. IV. ....................................... 1. Used for a long time, the book looks old( use) 2. Using the book, I find it useful. (use) 3. Following (follow) the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 4. Followed (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 5. Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. (see ?
v-ing 形式作状语 v-ing 形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关 系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when, while , after, if, unless, although , though 等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。 1.作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息,她感到害怕。 Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football. Turning around , he saw a tiger running up. 2.作结果状语 The boy ran even faster, reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. Her husband died, leaving her four children. They fired, killing many people in the street. 3.作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. He came running. She stood waiting for a bus. He sat there reading a book. The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 4.作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。 Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note. Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn 't get in touch with him. 5.作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读,她总是竭尽全力。 Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕, 他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。 6.作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热,我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作,每天做三双 鞋。 Using your head, you 'll find a good way. Working hard, you 'll surely succeed. 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚,想通过考试。注意： 、V-ing 的时态和语态。
教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。 例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。
过去分词做状语同步课堂教学设计 编写人：吴翔审批人： 学习目标： 1. 熟记过去分词的基本用法；提升灵活运用能力。 2. 合作探究、大胆质疑；归纳过去分词的用法。 3. 激情投入学习；享受攻克难关的快乐。 【使用说明】 1. 利用自主自习时间根据要求对导学案进行有效预习（约30分钟） 2. 1）15分钟自学、讨论 2）25分钟质疑、展示、点拨、巩固落实 3）5分钟当堂检测 【课前预习】 分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等 分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。 1.作定语 1）及物动词过去分词既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词过去分词，只表完成。 boiled water开水、selected apples 精选苹果、spoken English英语口语、 iced beer冰镇啤酒、cooked food熟食、fried chips炸土豆条； fallen leaves落叶、 the risen sun升起的太阳 2）单个的过去分词作定语时，一般可以放在被修饰词语之前，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。 The excited children didn’t know how to do with themselves. The meeting held yesterday was very important. 3）过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now. 由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 2.作表语 1）当“人”做主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 2）过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。比较： My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态) My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作) 3. 作宾补 1）过去分词用在表示“致使”含义的动词keep，leave，have，make, get等的后面。 They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。 Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。 I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了修我的自行车。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。 2）过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等的后面。
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
1. It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.（2010 天津） A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 2. ________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.（2010 北京） A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 3. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.（2010 福建） A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 4. He had a wonderful childhood，_______with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010 安徽) A. travel B.to travel. C. traveled D. traveling 5. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（2010 湖南） A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 6. The lawyer listened with full attention，________ to miss any point．（2010 四川）注意是分詞の否定還是不定式の否定 A．not trying B．trying not
V-ing作定语和状语 Ⅰ. V-ing 作定语 单个的V-ing作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语；V-ing短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。 1．V-ing作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。 He may be in the reading room . (read) 他可能在阅览室里。 They set up an _______________ table. (operate) 他们搭起一个手术台。 2．V-ing 作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。 There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。 Who is the woman_________________our English teacher?( talk) 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁？ 3．有些V-ing已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。 ①That must be a ______________experience. (terrify) 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。 ②The experiment was____________________________. (amaze) 那实验是一个惊人的成功。 Ⅱ. V-ing作状语 V-ing （短语）可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。V-ing作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语________，且分词必须和句中的主语是逻辑上的__________关系。 1. 作时间状语 _________________________, he jumped with joy.(hear) 当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。 2. 作结果状语 The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 The song is sung all over the country, ________________________ song.( make) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。 3. 作伴随状语与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。_____________________, they went into the room .( talk) 他们有说有笑地走进房间。 4. 作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。___________________, he didn?t go to school.(be) 由于生病，他没有上学。 注意：表示原因的V-ing 形式一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直接在句首加not . ______________________her address, , we couldn?t get in touch with her. ( know) 由于不知道她地址，我们无法和她联系。 5. 作让步状语 Being young，the little boy knows a lot about computer.尽管这个小男孩很小，但是他懂得很多电脑知识。 _________________ here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. （live） 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 6. 作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 _____________ahead, you will see a white house.( walk) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。 7. 作方式状语 ____________________, we visited many places. (travel) 我们乘车游览了许多地方。 注意： 1.当v-ing所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应使用__________式：_________________ ①After he finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. =___________________his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.他完成作业后冲出去打篮球。 ②After he closed the windows, he went out of the classroom. =____________________the windows, he went out of the classroom. 关上窗户后,他走出教室。 2.当v-ing与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应该使用________式：_________. The tall building ___________________ now is our new school.( build) 正在被修建的那栋大楼是我们的新学校。 3. V-ing作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语_______________。 ①Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for. （） ②Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me. （） Ⅲ. 连词+ V-ing V-ing作状语时，相当于省略的状语从句。由when / while / after / before / if /though / unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态,则可以省略从句的主语,而保留原连词,形成"连词+现在分词"的结构形式。 1.Though they lacked(缺少)money, his parents managed to send him to university. =______________________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. 2.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. =_____________________________, I came across an old friend of mine. 3.Unless I was invited, I wouldn?t go to the party. =_____________________, I wouldn?t go to the party. 4.As I am a student, I must study hard. = _________________a student, I must study hard.
v-ing形式作状语 v-ing形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关 系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。 1. 作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息，她感到害怕。 Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football. Turning around , he saw a tiger running up. 2. 作结果状语 The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上 气不接下气了。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. Her husband died, leaving her four children. They fired, killing many people in the street. 3. 作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. He came running. She stood waiting for a bus. He sat there reading a book. The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 4. 作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。 Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note. Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with him. 5. 作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻 居们都还不熟悉。 Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读，她总是竭尽全力。 Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕，他却是慷慨的帮助 穷人。 6. 作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。 Using your head, you’ll find a good way. Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚，想通过考试。 注意： 一、V-ing 的时态和语态。
动词的-ing形式作状语 【观察】观察下列句子中动词的-ing形式作状语的用法，然后加以总结。 1. Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning. 2. She doesn’t feel like eating anything, being ill for a few days. 3. Working hard, you will succeed sooner or later. 4. Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. The song is sung all over the country, making it very popular. 6. Travelling by car, we visited many exciting and beautiful places. 7. While/When reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 8. Make sure to read all choices before deciding on the best answer. 9. After finishing reading the letter, he went on to write a reply. 10. On/Upon hearing their teacher’s voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. 11. The car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 12. Though/Although raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 13. I have accepted this, not wanting to disappoint them. 14. Generally speaking, people like to hear compliments from others. 【总结】 Ⅰ. 动词的-ing形式作状语的用法 动词的-ing形式作状语，通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。它可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。 ◆作时间状语，多置于句首，也可置于句末。（如例句1） ◆作原因状语，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中。（如例句2） ◆作条件状语，多置于句首。（如例句3） ◆作让步状语，多置于句首。（如例句4） ◆作结果状语，多置于句末。（如例句5） ◆作方式或伴随状语，多置于句末，也可置于句首。（如例句6） 【区别】动词的-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语： 动词的-ing形式表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的”结果。通常位于句末，其前有逗号隔开。有时为了强调，可在现在分词前加副词thus, therefore 等。 动词不定式表示意料之外的结果。尤其是和only连用。如： She ran to the station, only to find that the train had left. 【特别提醒】为强调-ing形式所表达的意义，在-ing形式短语前可用连词、介词或副词。 ◆“when/while+-ing形式”强调-ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生。（如例句7）◆“befor e + -ing形式”强调-ing形式在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。（如例句8） ◆“after+动词的-ing形式”强调-ing形式在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。（如例句9） ◆“on/upon + -ing形式”表示“一（刚）……就……”。（如例句10） ◆“thus + -ing形式”表示结果。（如例句11） ◆“though /although+ -ing形式”表示让步。（如例句12） Ⅱ. 动词的-ing形式的否定形式动词的-ing形式的否定形式为“not+-ing形
语法知识篇：作状语的现在分词短语 现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原 因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来， 这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。下面分述如下： 一、作时间状语 如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。例如： ①Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.(＝When they heard the news，they...) 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 ②Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired. 他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。 ③One day，while walking along the sands towards his boat，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot. 有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。 如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。这时分词所表示的动 作有一定的持续性。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是"某人在做某事时就开始做某事"，容易产生误解。但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情 况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一 般式。例如： ①Having watered the flowers(＝After／When he had watered the flowers)，he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后，开始割草。 ②Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. 那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。
分词短语V-ing 形式与V-ed形式作状语用法比较 一、V-ing 形式与V-ed形式是非谓语动词的一种，在句法功能上主要起形容词或副词作用，在句中可作除谓语之外的所有成份。其中最难的一种是作状语的用法，相当于副词用法，用句子结构中，V-ing 形式与V-ed形式可以表时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式、让步等。 例句： 1、Walking in the street, he met an old friend. 2、Having a lot of things to do, I can’t go swimming with you. 3、Turning right and covering another two blocks, you will get to your destination. 4、He came here, running and singing. 5、Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. 6、Seen from the top of the hill ,the city looked like a big garden. 7、Deeply moved by the story ,the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 8、Given another chance ,he will do better. 9、Laughed at by many people ,he continued his study. 二、V-ing 形式与V-ed形式结构及用法(三原则) 1)：逻辑主语一致原则。V-ing 形式与V-ed形式首先遵循逻辑主语一致的规律， 即主、从句共主语 2)、且看构成主主谓还是动宾的原则。 如果逻辑主语与谓语动词构成主动关系，使用V-ing 形式； 如果逻辑主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，使用V-ed形式 3)、且看有没有时间先后的原则 四种情况： 1、没有时间先后，如果构成的是主动关系：则使用V-ing的一般式 2、有时间先后，如果构成的是主动关系：则使用having done的形式。 3、没有时间先后，如果构成的是被动关系：则使用V-ed形式的一般式 4、有时间先后，如果构成的是被动关系：则使用having been done的形式。 注意： V-ing 形式与V-ed形式的否定式是在分词前面加not. 三、练习讲解 1、he sat there, what to do.(not know) 2、by him, we worked even harder.(inspire) 3、carefully to you two, I am surprised that you agree with each other.(listen) 4、of danger in the street at night ,she had to go home, with a friend following her.(warn)