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offer (发盘)

offer (发盘)
offer (发盘)

OFFER

Team 5 阿拉依-1111081101 鲍嫚迪-1111081102

陈美惠-1111081104 刘雅仙-1110650104

1. What is an offer?

1.1 Definition

An offer is a proposal to sell or buy a specific product or service under specific conditions. Offer can be made by seller or buyer .(If it made by buyer , it is called bid(递盘).)

The expression of an offer may take different forms, such as a letter, newspaper advertisement, fax, email and even conduct, as long as it communicates the basis on which the offeror is prepared to contract.

1.2 Conditions of the effective offer

1)The offer should be sent to one or more than one particular person.

if it doesn't specify the offeree, it will be regarded as an offer of invitation only, or invitation to offer.

2)The contents of the offer must be specific .

It means an offer must be clear, definite, complete and final.

3)An expression of hope that want to make a contract with offeree.

Offeror should mention that when the offeree accepted the offer, whice means offer terms and conditions entered into a contract . he will the undertake the legal responsibility togethere with offeree.

4) The offer must delivery to offeree.

an offer will be effective when it reach to offeree.

1.3 Type of the offer

An offer may either be a firm offer or a non-firm offer.

1.3.1 Firm offer

A firm offer is made when a seller promises to sell goods at a stated price usually within a certain time limit. It must be clear, definite, complete and final. It is irrevocability . But As a general rule, all offers are revocable at any time prior to acceptance, even those offers that purport to be irrevocable on their face.

In a firm offer the following should be given: the description of the commodity, the unit price, quantity, specifications, the time of shipment ,the mode of payment, the detailed information of the goods etc. If possible, samples will be provided.

1.3.2 Non-firm offer

A non-firm offer may contain fewer items than firm offer.It doesn’t have leaglly banding.

In non-firm offer some terms must be reserved such as:

“subject to our final confirmation”;“Without engagement”;“subject to prior sale”.“All quotations are subject to our final confirmation unless otherwise stated”.“Our offer is subject to approval of export licence.”

1.4 Attention

1) An offer is legally binding

If an offer be sent to offeree, it can’t be casualy revoke. Once the offeree accept an offer, the offeror have to deal with offeree on the offer terms and conditions and to

perform the contract obligations.

2)Effective time of an offer

An offer take effect when it is Reached to offeree.

Withdraw offer: Offeror get offer back before offer reach to offeree.

Revoke offer: An offeror may revoke an offer before it has been accepted, but the revocation must be communicated to the offeree (although not necessarily by the offeror). However, an offer may not be revoked if it has been summed up in an option. If the offer is one that leads to a unilateral contract, the offer generally cannot be revoked once the offeree has begun performance.

3)The validity of an offer

Usually, In international trade, offer validity has two forms: specified time limit, and adopt reasonable time effectively. The former not only few disputes but also can promote clinch a deal, so it is used more, but cannot be revoked; the another one is easy to generate controversy, but if the other party didn't accept the offer. it may be revoked. About Using which one depends on specific circumstances.

4)Termination of offer:the offeree refuses to failure ;the offeror withdraw the offer ; the specified period is expired and failure ;the reasonable time has failed.

2. How to make an offer?

2.1 The main contents of an offer

A satisfactory quotation will include the following:

1)An expression of thanks for the enquiry.

2)Names of the goods, quality, quantity or specifications.

3)Details of prices and of what prices cover, such as freight, insurance, discount, commission etc.

4) A statement or clear indication of the terms of payment.

5)Time of shipment, date of delivery and packing conditions.

6)The period for which the qutoation is valid if it is a firm offer.

7)An expression of hope that the offer will be accpeted.

2.2The steps of making an satisfactory offer

(1)An expression of thanks for the enquiry. And response questions asked by offeree.

e.g. Thank you for your inquiry for…

(2) Conditions of trade. (name 、specifications、quantity、packing、price、shipment、payment、insurance…).

e.g. For the Butterfly Brand sewing machine, the best price is USD79.00 per set FOB Tianjin

(3)Declare effective period of an offer and other conditions.

e.g. In reply we would like to offer, subject to your reply reaching us before…

(4) An expression of hope that the offer will be accepted.

e.g. We hope that you place a trial order with us.

2.3 when should we make an offer?

①after enquiry

②send the offer directly

3. How to reply an offer?

(1)Accept

A promise or act on the part of an offeree indicating a willingness to be bound by

the terms and conditions contained in an offer.

(2)Accept but change some main terms in the offer---Counter-offer

(3)Reject

Rejection of offer An offer can be terminated on the grounds of rejection by the offeree, that is if the offeree does not accept the terms of the offer or makes a counter-offer as referred to above.

If the offeree fails to accept the offer within this specific period, then the offer will be deemed as terminated.

外贸发盘函

外贸发盘函 This model paper was revised by the Standardization Office on December 10, 2020

1. Dear Mr. Li, Your firm has been recommended 1 to us by the Dickson Electrics Company, with whom we have done business for many years. We are interested in your Electric Typewriters for use in offices and shall be glad if you will send us a copy of your illustrated catalogue 2 and current price list. Yours sincerely, Susan Block Manager A Reply Dear Ms Block, We welcome you for your enquiry of Fed. 1 and thank you for your interest in our commodities. We are enclosing 3 some copies of our illustrated catalogues and a price list giving the details you asked for. We trust that you will agree that our products and price appeal to 4 the most selective buyer. And we also allow a proper

出口报价案例

出口报价案例 案例1 利润=报价金额-采购成本-各项费用+退税收入 退税收入=采购成本÷(1+增值税率)×出口退税率 总体积=报价数量÷每箱包装数量×每箱体积 内陆运费=出口货物的总体积×100 保险金额=CIF货价×(1+保险加成率) 保险费=保险金额×保险费率 CFR=CIF×[1-(1+保险加成率)×保险费率] CIF=CFR÷[1-(1+保险加成率)×保险费率] 银行费用=报价总金额×银行费率 FOB报价=实际成本+国内费用+银行手续费+利润 CFR报价=实际成本+国内费用+海运费+银行手续费+利润 CIF报价=实际成本+国内费用+海运费+保险费+银行手续费+利润 FOB价换算为其他价 CFR价=FOB价+国外运费 CIF价=(FOB价+国外运费)/(1-投保加成×保险费率) CFR价换算为其他价 FOB价=CFR价-国外运费 CIF价=CFR价/(1-投保加成×保险费率) CIF价换算为其他价 FOB价=CIF价×(1-投保加成×保险费率)-国外运费 CFR价=CIF价×(1-投保加成×保险费率) FCA、CPT和CIP三种术语的换算: FCA价换算为其他价 CPT价=FCA价+国外运费 CIP价=(FCA价+国外运费)/(1-保险加成×保险费率) CPT价换算为其他价 FCA价=CPT价-国外运费 CIP价=CPT价/(1-保险加成×保险费率) CIP价换算为其他价 FCA价=CIP价×(1-保险加成×保险费率)-国外运费 CPT价=CIP价×(1-保险加成×保险费率) 出口报价核算和国际贸易报价及三种术语间的换算公式 出口报价通常使用FOB,CFR,CIF这三种报价.对外报价时,应该按如下步骤进行: 明确价格构成,确定成本,费用和利润的计算依据,然后将各部分合理汇总.以下用实例说明FOB的对外报价核算. 背景材料: 吉信贸易公司收到英国一公司求购6000双牛粒面革腰高6英寸军靴(一个40英尺货柜)的询盘,经了解每双军靴的进货成本为人民币90元(含增值税17%)进货总价: 90X6000=540,000元,出口包装费每双3元,国内运杂费共计12000元,出口商检费350元,报关费150元,港杂费900元,其它费用共计1500元,吉信公司的银行贷款的年利率为8%,预计垫款两个月,银行手续费为0.5%(按成交价计),出口军靴的退税率为14%,海运费:深圳到利物浦,一个40’货柜的包箱费率是3800美元,客户要求按成交价的110%投保,保险费率为0.85%,并

国际贸易出口报价计算题0001

出口报价计算题 1、某食品进出口公司收到日本商人求购17 吨冷冻水产(计1 个20英尺集装箱)的询盘, 经了解该级别水产品每吨的进货价格为 5 600 元人民币(含增值税17%);出口包装费用每吨500 元;该批货物国内运杂费计 1 200 元;出口商检费300 元;报关费100 元;港区港杂费950 元;其他各种费用共计1 500 元。该食品进出口公司向银行贷款的年利率为8%;预付垫支时间 2 个月;银行手续费率0.5%(按成交价格计算),出口冷冻产品的退税率为3%;海洋运输费从装运港青岛至日本神户一个20 英尺冷冻集装箱的包箱费率是2 200 美元, 用户要求按成交价的110%投保,保险费费率为0.85 ;日本商人要求在报价中包含3%的佣金,若该食品进出口公司的预期利润是10%(已成交金额计)人民币对美元汇率为8.25 :1,试报出每吨水产品出口的FOB,CFR和CIF价格。(注意:计算过程保留4位小数,最终报价保 留两位小数。 2、“黄色戴帽熊”每箱装60 只,每箱体积0.164立方米,其采购成本每只6 元,供货单位 价中均包括17%的增值税,出口毛绒玩具的退税率为15% ,内陆运费(每立方米)100元,报检费120 元,报关费150 元,核销费100 元,公司综合费用 3 000 元。银行费用为报价的1% (L/C 银行手续费1% );海运费:从上海至加拿大蒙特利尔港口一个20 英尺集装箱的费用为1350 美元;货运保险:CIF 成交金额的基础上加10% 投保中国人民保险公司海运货物保险条款中的一切险(费率0.8%)和战争险(费率0.08%);报价利润:报价的10% 。 ( 1 美元=7.6631 人民币,每个20 英尺集装箱按照25 个立方米计算体积)试计算FOB 和CIF 报价应是多少?参考答案: 1、由于FOB、CIF 报价都是单价,所以要计算单价。 成本(含税)=6 元/ 只 退税收入=6+( 1 + 17% X 15%=0.7692 元/ 只 实际成本=6-0.7692=5.2308 元/只 20 英尺集装箱包装件数=25+0.164=152 箱 报价数量=152X 60=9120 只 国内费用=(9120+60X0.164X100+120+150+100+3 000 )+ 9120=0.6429 元/只 银行费用=报价X 1% 海运费=1350X7.6631 +9120=1.1343 元/只 保险费=CIF报价X 110%X 0.88% 利润=报价X 10% FOB报价=实际成本+国内运费+银行手续费+利润 =5.2308+0.6429+ 报价X 1%+报价X 10% = (5.2308+0.6429 )+(1-1%-10%) =5.8737 +0.89+7.6631=0.8612 美元/只 CIF报价=实际成本+国内运费+海运费+保险费+银行手续费+利润 =5.2308+0.6429+1.1343+ 报价X 110%X 0.88%++ 报价X 1%■报价X 10% = (5.2308+0.6429+1.1343 )+(1-110%X0.88%-1%-10%) =7.008 +0.88032 +7.6631=1.0388 美元/只 答:出口9120只“黄色戴帽熊”的报价如下: FOB报价:每只0.8美元上海港船上交货; CIF 报价:每只1.04 美元成本加运保费付至蒙特利尔。

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。 第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步:动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:

1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”

完整的报价单范文

一、报价单的头部(Head) 01,卖家基本资料(举例) 工厂标志(Factory Logo) 公司名称(Company) 详细地址(Detailed Address) 邮政编码(Post Code) 联系人名(Contact) 职位名称(Job title) 电话号码(Telephone No.) 传真号码(Fax No.) 手机号码(Mobile No.) 邮箱地址(E-mail Address) 聊天方式(Messenger Online) 公司网址(Website Address) 02,买家基本资料(举例) 工厂标志(Factory Logo) 公司名称(Company) 详细地址(Detailed Address) 邮政编码(Post Code) 联系人名(Contact) 职位名称(Job title) 电话号码(Telephone No.) 传真号码(Fax No.) 手机号码(Mobile No.) 邮箱地址(E-mail Address) 聊天方式(Messenger Online) 公司网址(Website Address) 03,报价单的抬头: 报价单标题(Quotation/Quotation Form/Price List) 参考编号(Reference No.) 报价日期(Date) 有效日期(Valid date) 二、产品基本资料(Product’s Basic information) 序号(No.) 货号(Item No.) 型号(Type) 产品名称(Product’s Name) 产品图片(Photo) 产品描述(Description) 原材料(Materials) 规格(Specification)

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。 第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步:动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 1 / 19

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19

报价函范文8则

报价函范文(一): 报价函 致:(询价人): 我单位己认真阅读《项目(编号)询价采购函》,决定参加报价。 1、我方愿意按照询价文件规定的各项要求,向招标人带给货物与服务,总报价为人民币(大写)。 2、一旦我方中标,我方将严格履行合同规定的职责和义务,保证于合同签字生效后按照询价人要求带给合格货物。 3、我方为本项目提交的报价文件一式二份,其中正本一份、副本一份。 4、我方愿意带给贵单位可能另外要求的、与投标有关的文件资料,并保证文件资料的真实性和准确性。 报价人名称:(公章) 法定代表人或其委托代理人签名: 日期: 通讯地址: 电话:传真: 二、报价人营业执照、税务登记复印件、法人代表授权书; 三、产品合格证、近期产品质量检验报告; 四、质量承诺书; 五、报价明细表 报价明细表 报价函 六、其它认为必要的资料。 (完)

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