Unit 1 The best of Manhattan’s art galleries教学设计
修水琴海学校朱桂林
一．教学目标
1．语言技能目标：
1)强化略读、查读等阅读技能，训练通过寻找关键词，主题句等方式更快速并准确地确定文章的段落大意，理清文章的总体框架与脉络。
2)增强阅读理解能力。
2．情感态度目标：
1）通过对曼哈顿的艺术画廊的介绍,加强学生对英语文化的了解,同时了解美国纽约曼哈顿大街上优秀艺术画廊的不同风格以及艺术作品的特点。
2）在小组合作互动中，增强学生的团队合作精神。
3）培养学生自主学习的能力。
二．教学重点难点
1．教学重点：曼哈顿不同艺术画廊的特点以及艺术作品
2．教学难点：能够介绍不同艺术画廊并且记住它们的位置、艺术作品等特点。
三．教学方式
1．本课采用阅读前—阅读中—阅读后三大板块构成的阅读教学模式，调动广大同学的学习积极性。
2．培养学生与老师、同学交流信息，交换看法，小组合作学习和自主探究学习。
3．采用多媒体课件作为主要的教学手段，同时，借助黑板、粉笔等辅助手段开展教学活动。四．教学过程：
一、利用修水秋水起义纪念馆，黄庭坚纪念馆，修水博物馆的众多图片导入，走入艺术画廊天地。
（讲课地点在修水琴海中学，故利用修水博物馆导入）
I like travelling, recently I went to a place where I took many great pictures, do you want to have a look?
Can you name this museum? What is it? The Autumn Harvest uprising Memorial Hall(补充博物馆的分类，引导学生说出art galleries)
But it is a pity that we don’t have any galleries in xiushui, now here is a chance for me to explore and experience art museums. But where shall we go?Which part is the cultural center of New York?（a big, famous and modern city---Metropolitan）
预测文章内容it is difficult to predict what galleries will be mentioned, so why not read the passage fast and quickly
二、略读文章，把握文章大意，以及文章主要介绍的五大艺术画廊
Read the headings within the article, then answer the following questions
1. How many galleries are mentioned in this text? Can you name them?
_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
2. who is the passage written for?
____________________________________________________________________
三、再读文章，教学生五大艺术画廊的发音以及拼写方法
Match the numbers on the map with the museums.( on Page 6 )
①________________________②________________________
③________________________④________________________
⑤________________________
四、细读文章，详细理解各个艺术画廊的不同特点以及艺术作品特点
Read the text slowly this time, and try to finish the exercise about the features of each art gallery.
然后做六道单项题来检查学生是否透彻理解和熟悉文章。
1.The passage may probably come from ___ .
A. a newspaper
B. a magazine
C. a tourist guide book
D. a text book
2. You must walk all the way instead of taking a lift if you visit _____ .
A.Metropolitan Museum of Art
B.Whitney Museum of American Art
C.Museum of Modern Art
D.Guggenheim Museum
3. If you want to see Van Gogh’s paintings, you may go to _____ .
A. The Frick Collection
B. Guggenheim Museum
C. Museum of Modern Art
D. Metropolitan Museum of Art
4. You can expect to see videos in_____ .
A. Metropolitan Museum of Art
B. Museum of Modern Art
C. The Frick Collection
D. Whitney Museum of American Art
5. If you want to know how people lived 5,000 years ago, you should visit _____ .
A. Metropolitan Museum of Art
B. Whitney Museum of American Art
C. Museum of Modern Art
D. Guggenheim Museum
6. Which museum does number 4 in the map stand for?
A. Metropolitan Museum of Art
B. The Frick Collection
C. Museum of Modern Art
D. Whitney Museum of American Art
五、对文章进行了多次阅读后，能够记住一些信息，并且能够进行口头表达，介绍艺术画廊我准备了很多不同时期的艺术作品和艺术画廊的典型图片并设计一个情景,设计了一个活动“a tour guide is wanted”
?Suppose you are to become a tour guide of an art gallery.
?Choose an gallery you like and introduce it to your partner.
?The following structures may be helpful:
?Welcome to …
?This gallery is located in…
?Its reputation lies in…
?It will appeal to…
?You shouldn’t miss…
五．教学反思：
本节课一开始利用修水博物馆的图片进行导入，拉近了与学生间的距离，为我后面教学内容的展开奠定了很好的基础。教学中我充分运用艺术画廊的图片反复地引导学生走进曼哈顿博物馆，同时鼓励学生们口头介绍博物馆，锻炼了学生的口语表达能力和语言组织能力。师生间的配合使得本节课取得了预期的效果，美中不足之处是因为做练习时间短，作业过程稍显仓促。
高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 虚拟语气（2） 编稿：牛新阁审稿：王春霞 概念引入 上一单元我们学习了虚拟语气中与现在、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句及宾语从句的虚拟语气。本单元要继续学习虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，及虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。 首先，我们先看下面含虚拟语气的句子： 1. We would have won, if Jack had scored that goal. 2. We would have won if we hadn’t stayed up so late the night before. 3. We would have won the championship, if we had got Mr Han to coach us. 4. If she had studied harder, she would have got the diploma. 这些句子都是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。下面我们就来学习这部分内容。 用法讲解 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句的动词形式 假设类型条件从句（if从句）谓语动词主句的谓语动词 与现在事实相反一般过去式(be用were) would/should/might/could +动词原形 与将来事实可能相反1）一般过去式(be只用were) 2）were to + 动词原形; 3）should + 动词原形 would/should/might/could+动词原形 与过去事实相反had done would/should/might/could + have过去分词 从表格可知，虚拟条件句与过去事实相反时，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，而主句的谓语用would/should/might/could加现在完成时形式。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话---he didn’t take my advice） If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就见到他了。（事实：来晚了---you came late） If She hadn’t been so strict with herself, she wouldn’t have made such great progress. 她要是对自己要求不严格，她就不会有这样大的进步。 （事实：她对自己很严格---she was strict with herself） 虚拟语气中的倒装 条件从句中的were，had, should可放句首，省略if，条件句成为倒装句。 Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party. 如果你邀请我们了，我们会参加你的聚会的。
Section_ⅢGrammar—虚拟语气(2) 语法图解 探究发现 ①I wish I knew the answer to the question at the moment. ②We wish we had studied harder when at school. ③I wish I could fly to the moon one day. ④I'd rather you paid the money yourself. ⑤I'd rather she hadn't done that then. ⑥The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased. ⑦The boss ordered the stuff that they (should)finish the task before this Friday. ⑧He gave the advice that we (should) do the work carefully. ⑨My suggestion is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. ⑩It is important that students (should) attend all the lectures. [我的发现] (1)由①②③句可知，wish后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚
拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况。 (2)④⑤句中，would rather后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。 (3)⑥～⑩句的名词性从句中，从句均采用虚拟语气，且从句的谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。 一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1．动词wish后的宾语从句 在wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在的事实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去的事实相反用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反用could/would/might＋动词原形。 I wish I were ten years younger. 我希望能年轻10岁。(对现在的虚拟) I wish you had come to the lecture. 我但愿你当时来听报告了。(对过去的虚拟) I wish all my classmates would come to the get-together next month. 我希望下个月所有的同学都来参加聚会。(对将来的虚拟) [即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空 ①I wish he were (be) with us at this special moment. ②How I wish I had_followed (follow) my parents' advice. ③She wishes she would_be_admitted (admit) to a famous university this year.
Section_ⅢGrammar—_虚拟语气(2) 语法图解 探究发现 ①If you had come earlier, you would not have missed the exciting scene in the movie. ②If you had told me the news yesterday, I wouldn't be so worried now. ③Had I left sooner, I would havebeen there on time. ④But for your advice, I would have failed. ⑤He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter. ⑥It's high time that we began the work. ⑦It's necessary that we (should) learn English well. ⑧If only I had not been busy last week. [我的发现] (1)在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，条件句的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”形式表示，而主句谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词”表示。(如例句 ①) (2)当条件句的谓语中有had, were或should时，可将if省略，同时将had, were或should 提到从句主语的前面，形成倒装。(如例句③) (3)当主从句所指的时间不一致时，其谓语动词应分别根据自己的具体情况采用适当的形式。(如例句②) (4)有时某些介词短语、副词或上下文可以表示虚拟条件，这种虚拟语气叫含蓄条件句。(如例句④) (5)as if引导的从句所表达的内容不是事实时，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气。(如例句⑤) (6)虚拟语气还用于某些特殊句式(结构)中。(如例句⑥、⑦和⑧)
Module 6 War and Peace Section Ⅲ Grammar-虚拟语气（2） 语法图解 探究发现 ①I wish I knew the answer to the question at the moment. ②We wish we had studied harder when at school. ③I wish I could fly to the moon one day. ④I'd rather you paid the money yourself. ⑤I'd rather she hadn't done that then. ⑥The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased. ⑦The boss ordered the stuff that they (should) finish the task before this Friday. ⑧He gave the advice that we (should) do the work carefully. ⑨My suggestion is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. ⑩It is important that students (should) attend all the lectures. [我的发现] (1)由①②③句可知，wish后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况。 (2)④⑤句中，would rather后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。 (3)⑥～⑩句的名词性从句中，从句均采用虚拟语气，且从句的谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
第四学时Grammar 虚拟语气（Ⅰ） [观察领悟] 观察领悟下列句子，找出其规律并熟读。 1．As there are so many different styles of Western art，it would_ be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. 2．If the rules of perspective _had_not_been_discovered，no one _would_have_been_able_to_paint _ such realistic pictures. 3. If I _had time, I would_attend the meeting. 4. If you came_(should_come/were_to_come) tomorrow, we would_have the meeting. 5．Without the new paints and the new technique，we would_not_be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 6．There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might_not_exist． 7. I wish I had a little lab of my own. 8. I'd rather he set about doing the work now. [自我总结] 1. 英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和________。 2. 虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实________，或________的情况。 答案：1．虚拟语气 2．相反；不可能发生 一、概念 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不是客观存在的事实，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3．表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing（that） /provided（that）/on condition that/suppose （that）/supposing （that）”引导的条件从句根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。 例：suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..
Unit 1 Art Section Ⅲ Grammar- 虚拟语气（1） ①If I had enough money I would buy a new car. ②If Masaccio were alive, he would be amazed at how artists paint today. ③If Peter should com e to our school, he could go to our art classes. ④If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. ⑤I wish I didn't go to school today. ⑥I wish I would take Miss Liang out to a superb restaurant for dinner. ⑦I'd rather you hadn't given me the present. ⑧Who first suggested they visit art galleries? [我的发现] 一般过去时 表示与现在事实相反的(1) (be 在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词用 ) were 动词常用 情况，主句谓语则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”表示。(如例句①和②) /should 一般过去时 ＋动词原形 (2) 在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词可用 ＋动词原形 to _ /were 表示与将来事实可能不符的情况，主句则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”表示。 (如例句③和④)在 wish (3) 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 表示与现在事实相反的情况，用 一般过去时 “would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相 反的情况。(如例句⑤和⑥) (4)在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的 过去完成时 情况，用 表示与过去相反的情况。 如例句⑦ ( ) (5)在表示建议、劝告、命令或要求等意思后的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，谓 ＋ 语动词用“ ) (should ”表示虚拟语气。 ) 动词原形 如例句⑧ ( 英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
虚拟语气 一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 1、 should +动词原形(有时省略should) (1)用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand, desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。 例如: 1)They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school、 2)He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods、 2、用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。 例如: 1)It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night、 2)It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach、 3、用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句与同位语从句 例如:She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way、 4.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如:He laughed as if he had never been happier before、 5.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如:It is high time you stop bitting your child、 6.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1:I wish I were as tall as you、 例2:He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning、 7.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中
选修六知识点总结 Unit 1 I词汇及结构 1. would rather do sth情愿做…. would rather sb did sth情愿sb做… 情愿做….而不愿意做…：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth I would rather you hadn’t told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。 2.faith n. 信任,信仰be faithful to sb 忠实于某人 keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 have faith in 相信, 信任 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text． so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…) so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…) so much/little (不可数) (+that…) such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) eg.1) The book is ________interesting that I want to read it again. 2) It was ________a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick. 3) It was _______cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick. 4) There are _______many mistakes in your composition that I can’t understand it. 5) He has made ________rapid progress that he got the first in the exam. 6) _______that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07陕西） A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的 as a consequence/result = in consequence = so as a consequence/result of = because of 5 .aim without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的 （take）aim at 瞄准，对准 sb/ sth’s aim is to do ……的目标是…. aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到 6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；后接of 7. evident明白的, 明显的(apparent) be evident to sb. 对某人来说很明显 be evident in sth 在某方面很明显 8. adopt 采用，收养 adapt 改编，使适应 9. possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。 be possessed of sth 具有、拥有
专项提升：Unit1 虚拟语气专练 Ⅰ. 翻译下列句子。 1. 如果我是你，我就会努力学习。 ____________________________________________________ 2. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 我希望我昨晚看这部电影了。 ____________________________________________________ 4. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 ____________________________________________________ 5. 好像是春天了，但是才一月份。 ____________________________________________________ 6. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 ____________________________________________________ 7. 他坚决要求我到场。 ____________________________________________________ 8. 假如明天他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？ ____________________________________________________ 9. 我们希望我们的父母不会惩罚我们。 ____________________________________________________ 10. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 ____________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 用所给词或词组的适当形式填空。 1. If I _______ (be) Tom, I would not do such a thing. 2. If I _______ (know) her well, I would tell you about her. 3. I wish I _______ (be) ten years younger now. 4. I wish I _______ (meet) him yesterday, but I was too busy yesterday. 5. I wish I _______ (can be) a scientist in the future. 6. The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I _______ (not go) to it. 7. What ______ you _______ (do) if you _______ (win) the lottery?
虚拟语气专练 Ⅰ.翻译下列句子。 1. 如果我是你，我就会努力学习。 ____________________________________________________ 2. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 我希望我昨晚看这部电影了。 ____________________________________________________ 4. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 ____________________________________________________ 5. 好像是春天了，但是才一月份。 ____________________________________________________ 6. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 ____________________________________________________ 7. 他坚决要求我到场。 ____________________________________________________ 8. 假如明天他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？ ____________________________________________________ 9. 我们希望我们的父母不会惩罚我们。 ____________________________________________________ 10. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 ____________________________________________________ Ⅱ.用所给词或词组的适当形式填空。 1. If I _______ (be) Tom, I would not do such a thing. 2. If I _______ (know) her well, I would tell you about her. 3. I wish I _______ (be) ten years younger now. 4. I wish I _______ (meet) him yesterday, but I was too busy yesterday. 5. I wish I _______ (can be) a scientist in the future. 6. The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I _______ (not go) to it.
人教版高中英语选修六 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习巩固练习 Ⅰ. 翻译下列句子。 1. 如果我是你，我就会努力学习。 ____________________________________________________ 2. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 我希望我昨晚看这部电影了。 ____________________________________________________ 4. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 ____________________________________________________ 5. 好像是春天了，但是才一月份。 ____________________________________________________ 6. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 ____________________________________________________ 7. 他坚决要求我到场。 ____________________________________________________ 8. 假如明天他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？ ____________________________________________________ 9. 我们希望我们的父母不会惩罚我们。 ____________________________________________________ 10. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 ____________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 用所给词或词组的适当形式填空。 1. If I _______ (be) Tom, I would not do such a thing. 2. If I _______ (know) her well, I would tell you about her. 3. I wish I _______ (be) ten years younger now. 4. I wish I _______ (meet) him yesterday, but I was too busy yesterday. 5. I wish I _______ (can be) a scientist in the future. 6. The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I _______ (not go) to it.
Subjunctive Conditionals Part I Make your daydreams 1st daydream: Stand in others’ shoes. If _______________________________________________________________, ____________________________________________________________________. 2nd daydream: Let’s cry ove r spilt milk. A: What do you regret most? B: I regret (not) doing … A: What would have happened if you had (not) done …? B: If I had (not) done …, I would have (not) done… 3rd daydream: Tomorrow is another day! (Every group chooses one situation to make up a chain story. Each student should contribute at least one sentence to the chain story.) Optional situations: 1.If I traveled to the moon, I would/might/could/ should do…. 2.If I were to win a big lottery tonight, I would/ might/ could/should do… 3.If it shou ld be the end of the world tomorrow, I would/ might/ could/should do… 4. … (you can also make up your own situation) Your sentence number ______ If _______________________________________________________________, ____________________________________________________________________.
虚拟语气（1） 编稿：牛新阁审稿：王春霞 概念引入 动词的语气表示说话人的态度和看法，可分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1. 陈述语气用来陈述事实或可能发生的事，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。 Aileen showed great concern about you. 艾琳很为你担心。（肯定） My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. 我的腿软得简直不能站立。（否定） Would you care to come and stay with me over the weekend? （疑问） 你愿意来和我过周末吗？ 2. 祈使语气用来提出请求、发出命令、警告、威胁、叮嘱、祝福、建议等。 Enjoy yourselves with your trip. 一路愉快。（叮嘱） Don’t let this type of things happen again. 别让这种事再次发生。（警告） 3. 虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设, 或一种主观愿望, 即认为动词所表示的动作或 状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式。 我们先看这些含虚拟语气的句子： 1. If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint? 2. If you could have three of these paintings on the walls of your classroom, which would you choose? 3. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 4. Without the new paints and new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 5. Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist? 本单元将重点学习if从句的虚拟语气和wish和“suggest”类后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。 用法讲解 if引导的虚拟条件句 1. 真实条件句与虚拟条件句： 条件句分成两种，一种是真实条件句，一种是非真实条件句。真实条件句用陈述语气，所做的假设，说话人认为是可以实现的，或者与事实相符的；而使用虚拟条件句时，说话人知道所做假设与事实不符，或者很可能无法实现的。如： If I have enough money, I will go to the zoo with you. 如果我有足够的钱，我会和你一起去动物园。（暗含“我看看钱是否够，如果够我就去”）If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you. 如果我有足够的钱，我会和你一起去动物园。 （暗含“我事实上没有足够的钱，没法和你去”） 2. 虚拟条件句的构成： 假设类型条件从句（if从句）谓语动词主句的谓语动词 与现在事实相反一般过去式(be用were) would/should/might/could +动词原形 与将来事实可能相反1）一般过去式(be只用were) 2）were to + 动词原形 3）should + 动词原形 would/should/might/could+动词原形 与过去事实相反had done would/should/might/could + have+过去
第四章虚拟语气
．选择题 1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got 4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is 8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today ---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. ____today, he would get there by Friday A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come 17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped 18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 20. ---I am going to tell her the news ---I would as soon you _____her about it A. d idn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell 21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay 22. It was requested that the play ____again A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on 23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent 24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness ----Yes, but ____it