第一单元Unit 1
Lead-in
1 human beings
2 powered
3 greenhouse
4 far away
5 make a difference
6 breathe in
7 decreasing performance
8 four inches high
9 campaign
10 encourage
Ex 3
1 B
2 B
3 C
4 A
5 D
Ex 4
issues, pollution, deforestation, related, consumption, resources, threat, responsibility Ex 5
1 addicted—smoking
2 environment—concern
3 expert—wisdom
4 possession—greed
5 resources—inexhaustible
Ex.6
1 strategies
2 specific
3 consumers
4 released
5 trapped
6 consequence
7 was isolated
8 priority
9 convenience 10 elements
Ex7
1 transform
2 all the way
3 sit back
4 resulting from
5 share…with
Ex.8
1 How did the war, which brought terrible disasters to mankind, impact on such a poet?
2 Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children, which will cause the children to make the same mistake again.
3 As a new immigrant in this completely strange country, she always felt isolated.
4 Acting before thinking often results in failure, so we should think before we leap.
5 The time for talking is past; we must take positive action to protect our environment.
Ex.9
1 Take two pills each time and three times a day and you will be well in a few days.
2 He is not impatient; he is just too tired.
3 Once water shortage reaches the point of no return, there will be nothing left to be done but abandon the city.
4 We’d like to share our experience in city planning with every representative here and show them what is special of our innovations.
5 We can’t just sit back and do nothing about increasingly serious traffic problems. Ex 12
1 D
2 A
3 C
4 A
5 B
Ex. 13
1 subtle
2 were overtaken
3 species
4 decades
5 boundaries
6 audio
7 directly
8 focus
9 tone 10 cupped
Ex. 14
1 at that rate
2 For the sake of
3 come to
4 by hand
5 vice versa Ex. 15
1 Young people sometimes complain of not being able to communicate with their parents.
2 Mary has been longing to take up residence in a Chinese village in Yunnan for a few years. Now her dream has come true.
3 Domestic animals are used to depending on humans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild.
4 He was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off the company because of depression.
5 I fig ure he’ll be back soon since he promised to have dinner with me.
Ex 16
1 go from bad to worse
2 loss of hope
3 fuels like petroleum and coal
4 very dry
5 a mass movement away from a place
Ex 17
1 我们大多数人只是袖手旁观，还会说：“让专家去处理吧。
2 就人类而言，母亲生病，孩子就会受苦；既然我们造成了地球上的生态失衡，而我们又是受害者。
3 机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元——工业时代，金钱主宰一切。
4 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
5 麦肯立博士竭尽全力唤起公众对严峻的环保问题的关注。
6 那条消息让我惊出了毛骨悚然。
7 她在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听得莫名其妙。
8 这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。
Unit 2
Lead-in
1 invitations
2 around the world
3 reach
4 institution
5 specially appointed experts
6 vote
7 diploma
8 medal
9 is followed by 10 including
Ex3
1 C
2 D
3 A
4 C
5 B
Ex4.
compass, inspiration, curious, persistent, stimulated, inspired, genius, complex
Ex5
1 condense—condensed
2 curious—curiosity
3 devise—device
4 persistent—persistence
5 convinced--convincing
Ex6
1 fundamental,
2 ultimate,
3 sparked,
4 apparently,
5 patience,
6 curiosity,
7 convince,
8 detail,
9 responses, 10 (has) stirred
Ex7
1 fooled...into,
2 came upon,
3 join in,
4 come up with,
5 up to
Ex8
1. Reporters pressed the spokesman for an explanation of the military attack.
2. His election campaign failed to convince the voters that he was the right person for the Senator.
3. While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
4. His first speech on TV made a deep impression on his audience.
5. All things are interrelated and interact with each other.
Ex9
1.She might have thought that history was just boring names and dates, but
Professor Yi’s lectures c ompletely changed her view.
2.After the plane crash, all the survivors could do was wait for rescue on this desert
island.
3.The little boy happened to read some stories about Bermuda Triangle that did stir
his curiosity in the mysteries of nature.
4.The DNA test result was evidence to the police that the murderer was someone
else.
5.Darwin was convinced that the theory of evolution is based on natural selection. Ex12
1 A
2 D
3 B
4 B
5 C
Ex13
1 classical,
2 breakthrough,
3 elegance,
4 faculty,
5 handful,
6 probe,
7 swift,
8 transition,
9 reactions, 10 retirement
E14
1 has brought in,
2 under his belt,
3 specializes in,
4 a wealth of,
5 be applied to
Ex15
1.The lecturer at the conference turned out to be the daughter of an old friend of
mine.
2.It has been 5 years since his retirement, but he has remained active in the
academic circles.
3.If you do have financial difficulties, you can apply for a student loan.
4.This scientist had worked hard at this new material for as long as ten years before
he made his own way in the end.
5.The chief airplane manufacturers in the world are pushing the envelope to make
faster and longer range airplanes to compete for bigger share of the market.
Ex17
1 他有耐心和毅力，使他做事时坚持的时间比其他大多数孩童都长。（根据上下文，增加原文中省略的词语）
2 就其基本内容而言，这一学说提出的论点包括：光速是宇宙中最快的速度；…（增加修饰语，以示强调）
3扎威尔将收到世界各地的来信。短短几天时间里2000封电子邮件接踵而至。（增加量词以及原文上下文中所省略的部分）
4 但是，这位53岁的科学家将首先与家人共享这条喜讯。（增加原文上下文中所省略的部分）
Unit3
Lead-in
4 3 6 2 1 5
Ex3
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 A
5 B
Ex4
advertising, brand, promoted, proved, popular, expression, global, immigrants
Ex5
1法国已经保证明年提供数十亿美元的援助。
2 你不应对不可能做到的事做出保证。
3 老板向他保证并没有解雇他的打算。
4 检查一下他的眼睛，以保证没有问题，是明智之举。
5 已经采取了措施来保证学生不会因经济原因而辍学。
6 生产商必须按规定保证其产品质量。
Ex6
1 attained
2 modest 3. attractive 4 precise 5 campaign 6 market
7 manufactures 8 sponsor 9 imported 10 brands
Ex7
1 frown (very much) on
2 for instance
3 as a result
4 when it comes to
5 under … umbrella
Ex8
1 Thoughts are expressed by means of language.
2 I have bought so many new books this year that it’s really difficult for me to keep count of them.
3 The old lady feels assured that her son will come back home today to celebrate her birthday.
4 His mother insisted that his pocket money should not exceed 100 yuan per month.
5 We bought a car last month, which was registered under my name.
Ex9
1 For most American teenagers, when it comes to comfortable and fashionable clothing, nothing beats T-shirts and jeans.
2 Starting in 2004, Adidas widely promoted th at “impossible is nothing,” and the notion took hold.
3 When the news was first released online, the number of its viewers beat the imagination.
4 The girl’s big break came with her outstanding performance at the singing contest.
5 In many European countries people tend to frown on in public places.
Ex12
1 C
2 D
3 C
4 A
5 B
Ex13
1 revenues
2 targeting
3 appliances
4 via
5 smashing
6 loyal
7 comparable
8 alongside
9 claiming 10 filmed
Ex14
1 beat…expectation
2 so far
3 built up
4 at home
5 on…basis
Ex15
1 A great man can dominate a difficult situation by force of character.
2 According to the latest report, tourists do not have to apply for an entry visa to some Southeast Asian countries.
3 The color of the envelope suggests that the letter might be from a woman.
4 Trains can’t rival planes for speed, but many people prefer to travel by train.
5 People are much more likely to accept this mode of administration once they see that it really works.
Ex16
1 The prime minister of Japan
2 Aides
3 The press
Ex17
1 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。
2 那时打我并且使我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少少各式各样的人。
3 我们能测量罐内的水量，但不能测量水的热度，我们还没有这种仪器。
4 温度增高，水的体积就增大。
5他的望远镜和实验总是给他带来惊奇的新发现，他每天都把工作情况记录下来。
Unit 4
Lead-in
1 got me wondering
2 it hit me
3 original me
4 bank statement
5 overdue books
6 unexplained charges
Ex3
1 C
2 B
3 C
4 D
Ex4
famous, promoting, religious, desperate, shortage, inevitable, failure
Ex5
1 1)
2 2)
3 3)1
2 1)
3 2) 2 3)2
3 1) 2 2) 3 3)2
Ex6
1 string
2 stir
3 controversy
4 combat
5 excessive
6 regulations
7 instincts
8 reckless
9 prohibition 10 irrational
Ex7
1 to his name
2 keep at bay
3 under the sun
4 jumped the gun
5 lined up
Ex8
1 The band shot to fame in the 1980s with that single album.
2 Take a risk, and you may lose again, but you would have improved your chances to win.
3 Scientists are pushing themselves to the limits in their research for finding a cure for AIDS.
4 Now we see the point of the Internet: we can get information from all over the world just by clicking the mouse.
5 Some people believe the government will regulate the research of human cloning sooner or later.
Ex9
1 He is a legend with the biggest gate website in China to his name.
2 At the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein shot to fame after he published a series of articles on the Theory of Relativity.
3 The WTO is urging its member countries to adopt effective measures to keep bird flu at bay.
4 Like it or not, the traditional Chinese culture is invaded by foreign cultures.
5 You should not jump the gun in drawing the conclusion before your experiment is finished.
Ex12
1 composer
2 beginning
3 secret
4 clone
5 adopted
6 music
7 ordinary
8 prove
9 joke 10 genius
Ex13
1 ban
2 practically
3 survive
4 adopt
5 decent
6 genius
7 gene
8 anonymously
9 resemblance 10 immerse
Ex14
1 in the flesh
2 bring…to term
3 the roof fell in
4 put up for
5 have dug up
Ex15
1 George is nuts about Chinese culture and has decided to learn Chinese in an evening school.
2 The reporters got wind of Diana’s visit to the city and rushed to t he airport for the news.
3 After two months of restless effort, the police finally tracked the criminal down in a southern city.
4 The two companies have already agreed in principle to go ahead with the project.
5 If the quality of your products isn’t improving for real, I don’t think they will be competitive in the market.
Ex16
1 It is obvious that he is a public-attention-getting man, not an ordinary scientist; controversy and pushing reproductive biology to its high-point make him popular and successful.
2 The belief of the Raelians, a religious group, is that cloning is a most important way to achieve immortality and it claims that it has the necessary egg donors and volunteers who are willing to be implanted with cloned embryos.
Ex17
1 我们高度地珍视同发展中国家的友好关系。
2 他不仅要负责产品的销售，还要负责广告宣传。
3 我去看他，可他已经出去了。
4 他倒是不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支又一支不停地抽。
5 我们讨论了很久才达成协议。
Unit 5
Lead-in
1 employment
2 handle the changes
3 concluded
4 very nature
5 builds on
6 involved in
7 at various stages
Ex3
1 B
2 D
3 B
4 A
5 C
Ex4
Passenger, eager, explain, vocabulary, ignorant, dictionary, explanations
Ex5
1 B
2 B
3 D
4 B
5 C
Ex6
1 quality
2 (had) committed
3 hint
4 assume
5 vague
6 peculiar
7 retreat
8 puzzled 9 misleading 10 confused
Ex7
1 resorted to
2 ra cking your/one’s brains
3 hangs on
4 jotted down
5 at a loss Ex8
1 It’s one thing to understand the principle, it’s another thing to put it into practice.
2 It is reported that jogging makes you three times less likely to suffer from a heart attack.
3 Almost half of the British people have no idea what the euro is worth in relation to the pound, according to the latest survey.
4 The area should have been made into a park for everyone to enjoy but now some apartment buildings stand there.
5 I’m wondering whether all the related information could add up to a clear picture of him.
Ex9
1 It’s one thing to recognize the importance of saving energy, it’s another to put it into practice in every aspect of life.
2 The sales manager believes that clever is not cle ver if the new product doesn’t sell well.
3 He kept on making up excuses for his failure to finish the task as if a thousand lies would add up to the truth.
4 It is found from the investigation that the longer people stay in s store, the less likely they are to control their desire for purchases.
5 I believe that someone as diligent as she is will soon overcome difficulties in the study of English.
Ex12
1 D
2 C
3 C
4 D
5 B
Ex13
1 features
2 denied
3 appeal
4 usage
5 bet
6 independent
7 associate
8 was stumped
Ex14
1 for the sake of
2 pick up
3 break your back
4 get at
Ex15
1 He drinks more wine than is good for health.
2 He knew that at this moment his parents were eagerly waiting for him to return home for the New Year.
3 What appeals to us is not only his intelligence but also his sense of humor.
4 The latest movie made by that internationally famous director turned out to be a total failure.
5 It seems that some youngsters don’t have patience with anything.
Ex16
1 A assumption. It serves as an assumptive condition on which the writer would go back to college next fall.
2 B Reasoning. It gives the reason why the writer is read to spend some time learning.
3 D Justification. It justifies the writer’s claim that education is not only reason that he would go back to college.
4 C Explanation. It offers an explanation with examples, showing that college life is one of the best parts of one’s life.
Ex17
1 走出机场大楼我就看到外面好多出租汽车司机在穿梭走动，这（一现象）在世界各地的机场都是一样的。
2 迈尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。罗布很少见到这种情况。
3 难怪，一看见沿河而立的精美建筑时，我就想起了巴黎、阿姆斯特丹和威尼斯。
4 现在我意识到知识给人的巨大乐趣，这与如何使用知识无关。
5 她本想告诉约翰，没有料到他的知识竟有如此渊博，但又觉得有些不好不好意思，没有说出口。
Unit 6
Lead-in
1 holds for
2 uncomfortable
3 observation of life
4 on the road ahead
5 more rewarding
6 an additional fascination
7 their full attention
8 moving about
Ex3
1 C
2 D
3 B
4 A
5 C
Ex4
experience, culture, women, stay, impressive, pyramids, impressed, independence
Ex5
1 underdeveloped,
2 overpopulated,
3 outgrow,
4 interrelated,
5 counterpart
Ex6
1 counterpart,
2 efficient,
3 relief,
4 vague,
5 core,
6 punctually,
7 approach,
8 economy,
9 exception, 10 invite,
Ex7
1 pull…through,
2 belongs to,
3 ever since,
4 in turn,
5 milled about
Ex8
1 He breathed/heaved a sigh of sorrow and told us that he had seen a better day when he was young.
2 He has a strong sense of responsibility, and that’s why he is chosen to take control of the project.
3 Wherever you go, be it for business or pleasure, it is always a good idea to find out as much as you can about the place.
4 Let’s be careful. The situation may be about to repeat itself.
5 In, fact, the air quality of a house has a great deal to do with children’s health, and adults’ h ealth for that matter.
Ex9
1 Do you know what it is like to stand on a stage with all eyes on you?
2 We all breathed a sigh of relief when news came that the hostage was rescued unharmed.
2 With his professional knowledge in finance and skills in management, he quickly took control of the situation.
4 What became clear to me finally was this: they were not actually interested in the solution of the problem.
5 Wherever he travels, be it a business trip or a sightseeing tour, he would always take
a laptop with him.
Ex12
1 B
2 B
3 A
4 D
5 C
Ex13
1 stretches
2 intense
3 beloved
4 ability
5 positive
6 converting
7 manner
8 toast
9 absorbed 10 be sheltered
Ex14
1 in fine form
2 thanks to
3 give way to
4 is made up of
5 what makes…ticks Ex15
1 Why is it that people spend so much time and money on traveling?
2 Traveling by air is quick and safe. No wonder it is a popular choice for travelers.
3 Most of the students in my college have enrolled in the course of web page design and the computer center is always filled with people day and night.
4 It has always been my dream to have friends all over the world. Thanks to the Internet, my dream has come true.
5 Free information on-line, convenient communication with friends, attractive games, to him this is what Internet is all about.
Ex16
1 The car is very shabby now.
2 It’s our responsibility to protect the environment, but many of us refuse to shoulder it.
3 A large number of religious leaders bombard his cloning plan as an insult to human dignity.
4 I’m going to remain a scientist and work as usual. I will not go into the limelight. Ex17
1 时近午夜，大街仍沐浴在闪烁柔和的光线中。
2 她在家里既忙着带孩子，又要下厨房。
3 总有人在关心你的进步。
4 我们要干就要干好。
5 这里有从全国各地来的人，其中有许多是南方人。
Ex18
1 For one thing
2 For another
3 In fact
4 Nevertheless
5 whereas
6 In contrast
7 Different from
8 In spite of
Unit 7
Lead-in
1 Depending on
2 it’s not real
3 unfortunately
4 interfere with
5 on the spot
6 brain damage
7 In addition to
8 violent with people
Ex3
1 D
2 D
3 B
4 C
5 A
Ex4
attend, contact, fit, typical, breakdown, shocked, permanent
Ex5
1 rural—urban 3 discloses—exposes 3 involving—involved
4 illustration—illusion
5 motivate—motivation
Ex6
1 deepened
2 were exposed
3 curled
4 throb
5 nightmare
6 utter
7 confusion
8 pulse
9 somewhat 10 creep
Ex7
1 on top of
2 as if
3 in a state of
4 ahead of
5 if only
Ex8
1 A lot of people believe that these hills help them sleep. All I can think is, “if they only knew.”
2 He kept chipping away at the problem until he had completely solved it.
3 The country boy was exposed to many strange things in the city. He felt greatly shocked as if he had entered a future world.
4 Within only one year of graduating from college, he went from a student who pursued his dream to a person who didn’t ca re about a thing.
5 I have been given permission to do the interview in that area, and that’ not something that everyone gets.
Ex9
1 If that college student only knew how hard his parents have worked to support his education.
2 Jack’s dream came true when he signed the contract with an NBA team.
3 We had an enjoyable conversation that day, and I felt as if we were old friends rather than two people who had just met.
4 I couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw my car in front of the restaurant, which had been stolen two days before.
5 When her father lost his job a few years ago, life was an uphill crawl for the whole family.
Ex12
1 a police detective
2 drug bust
3 a major operation/a big day
4 had failed to do
a good jo
b 5 arrest packets 6 violent crimes 7 smoothly/successfully 8 excited
9 a complete victory 10 they will eventually win
Ex13
1 coordinated
2 suspects
3 raids
4 venture
5 innocent
6 execute
7 afterwards
8 gang
9 issue 10 intelligence
Ex14
1 in charge of
2 carry out
3 on the edge o f
4 laid out
5 gave…up
Ex15
1 With the begging of the war came ten years of killing and destruction.
2 We shall continue to do what we have always been doing.
3 Most of them had been up since the morning before yesterday. But none of them will sleep tonight either.
4 Born and raised in Chengdu, Li Ming still remembers the time when he lived in
a/the quadrangle.
5 He treated a young child in a cruel manner in broad daylight and was taken to the police by the neighbors.
Ex17
1他解释了好一阵子，我也没有完全懂。
2 那种感觉就好像我打开了一个秘密天地，到了天堂一般。
3 这就是摇头丸带给我的后果—但事情还不止于此。
4 已经凌晨三点，大多数人从头天早晨起就没合过眼。
5 他费了不少劲才找到回家的路。
6 他从不休息，总是拼命地干。
Unit 8
Lead-in
1 shadow of fear
2 at every stage
3 nuclear weapons
4 peace operations
5 engaged in conflict
6 religious groups
7 economic development
8 find better ways
Ex3
1 D
2 C
3 A
4 B
5 B
Ex4
refugee, adjust, contact, movement, nervous, military, care, indifference
Ex5
1 B
2 D
3 A
4 C
5 A
Ex6
1 venture
2 comfortable
3 confine
4 dazed
5 drifted
6 lingered
7 bewildered
8 overwhelmed
9 innocent 10 terrified
Ex7
1 sticks out
2 come by
3 under way
4 in search of
5 adjust to
Ex8
1 The theft in recent months paled in comparison with this case.
2 Several years have passed since the traffic accident, an d he stills can’t shake away the guilty feeling.
3 Though we had put forward a proposal to reduce cost, the board members didn’t appear to take it seriously.
4 The bare hills around haven’t reminded the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment.
5 It is unlikely for his hearty laughter to ring in our office again.
Ex9
1 Mandela had just returned to his homeland, after an absence of 18 years he spent in prison.
2 No visitor can venture into the isolation ward without proper protection.
3 No late comer will be admitted once the concert is under way.
4 I thought I was unlucky but my experience pales in comparison to yours.
5 Hard as he tried, he couldn’t even get a job interview several months after he graduated from college.
Ex12
1 D
2 A
3 B
4 C
5 D
Ex13
1 erode
2 cease
3 conflicts
4 mandate
5 exhausted
6 promote
7 preferable
8 prolonging
9 compromise 10 was condemned
Ex14
1 take advantage of
2 For the sake of
3 come into contact
4 open the door to
5 takes a stand
Ex15
1 As long as there is a chance for peace, we must take advantage of it for the sake of our younger generation as well as for all the people present here.
2 The historic handshake between them opened the door to peace and marked the end of violence.
3 We should exhaust every possibility in our fight against those who attempt to torpedo the peace process and force them to cease to engage in terrorism.
4 Although his peace policy received broad support, the cause for peace was still fraught with difficulties and pain.
5 In my case, I will come into contact with all those concerned with the project to work out the best scheme.
Ex17
1 a. 十分安静（悄没声儿） b. 一点不出声（跟坟墓一样静默）
c. 聪明绝顶/像所罗门一样聪明
d. 胆小如鼠
2 她放在厨房桌上的干花还原封不动地摆在那里。
3 詹姆斯先生在那里当体操老师，不上课时他（喜欢）举举重，跑跑步，踢踢球。
4 不管我怎样努力，总是摆脱不了那些想法的纠缠。
5 至于比利·怀特和他的分队，还在继续执行原来的任务。
6 可想而知，军营的生活与家庭有相当的差别。
7 可以说，我是委员会的义务顾问。
8 我以为我可能会调动工作，但照目前情况看我得另找工作。
U nit1 关注地球母亲
（《意识》杂志的麦肯立博士就环境问题对几位专家进行采访。）
麦肯立博士：您认为目前环境面临的最大威胁是什么？
阿曼·莫特万：现在环境面临的最大威胁来自我们人类对环境的态度。我们对环境的看法决定着我们周围世界的环境。大多数人认为万物是彼此孤立的。但事实上，每一个个体都是一个息息相关、相互联系的整体的组成部分。比如，一颗树看上去或许是孤立的，但它却对其周围环境中的一切——日光、雨水、风、鸟、矿物质、其它植物和树木、你、我等——施加影响，同时又处于环境的的影响之下。一棵树会影响从它周围吹过的风；风同时又会影响这颗树的生长。了解这棵树与其环境的关系，你就可以预见它的未来。
塞姆基博士，您好。您在研究过程中觉得哪些环境问题最为紧迫？
大多数人对万物之间的相关性视而不见。正因为如此，我们就不了解我们的所作所为会造成的后果。现在我们每个人都应该睁开双眼，看清这个世界的真实面貌——一个因果相循
的完整集合体。
塞姆基博士：我们认为最严重的两个环境问题是森林砍伐和全球变暖。由于大量砍伐，现在地球上的树木仅有一万年前的一半。毁掉树木也就破坏了生态环境，因为树木可以维持
表层土壤，保证干旱气候地带的降雨量，净化地下水，并将二氧化碳转化为氧气。树木把水从地下带到地面，并让水蒸发到大气中，随后这些蒸发气体又再化为雨水返回地面。这对天然的干旱地区是至关重要的。毁林地区的下风区域会因缺乏降雨来源而变为荒漠。全球变暖的原因是燃烧石油等矿物燃料引起的，因为这会释放出温室气体进入大气。二氧化碳和其它温室气体会聚积热量，最终造成全球气候变暖。
麦肯立博士：纳可森博士，谢谢您专程从澳大利亚远道赶来参加我们的访谈。请您告诉《意识》杂志的读者怎样做才有助于解决环保问题。
利昂·纳可森：保护环境最简单的方法就是不要去摧残它。要尽最大努力去善待它，尽可能
少索取，多回报。
麦肯立博士：对于环境的现状及未来，您最关心的是什么呢？
利昂·纳可森：空气和水污染是我们关注的首要问题。我们正在污染我们呼吸的空气和饮用的水，这真是让人难以理解。空气和水这两种物质并非取之不竭，我们必须认识到，一旦到了无可挽回的地步，我们的子孙就将一无所有。
麦肯立博士：德塞博士，很荣幸有这个难得的机会采访您。能否请您与我们的读者交流一下您的高见，告诉我们环境危机会朝什么方向发展呢？
阿姆力特·德塞：我们不是与环境问题无关的。我们本身就是问题的起因。我们过着双重标准的生活。一方面，我们贪婪地要求工业提供更多便利、舒适和财富。我们沉溺于消费，造成工业浪费。另一方面，我们却忽视了这种需求和地球母体的承受的能力；生活已是十分优裕，我们却依然贪得无厌地索取，滥用我们自身和地球的资源。地球母亲用她健康的环境抚育着我们。就人类而言，母亲生病，孩子就会遭殃；我们既造成了地球的病态，还得自吞
恶果。
麦肯立博士：在本次访谈结束之际，我要谢谢各位嘉宾的参与。聆听了我们作为一个个体成员应该怎样做才有益于周围的环境，我感到受益匪浅。希望这次访谈会激励《意识》杂志的读者去采取行动，制定自己的战略方针。多数人都习惯袖手旁观，还说"让专家们去处理这些问题吧！"。这种态度等于是在毁灭这个星球。本次访谈的目的正是想说明个人采取行动有多么重要。谢谢各位出谋划策指点迷津。
蛙的故事
最近发生了几桩怪事儿。
我在北威斯康星州的树林中有一座小木屋。是我亲手搭建的，前面还有一间花房。住在里面相当惬意。实际上我是在户外做音频制作和环境方面的工作--作为干这一行的工具，
我还装备了一间带电脑的工作室。
还有一只树蛙也在我的工作室中住了下来。
去年十一月，我第一次惊讶地发现他（只是这样称呼罢了，事实上我并不知道该称“他”还是“她”）坐在电脑的音箱上。我把他放到花房里去，认为他呆在那儿会更舒服一些。可他又跑回来呆在原地。很快我就习惯了有他做伴，清晨我上网查收邮件和阅读新闻的时候，
他也在一旁关注这个世界。
可上周，我突然对这个爬上爬下的“小绿人或小灰人”产生了好奇心。
于是有一天，我正在工作室里干活，电脑嗡嗡作响。当树蛙从我面前爬过时，我不得不停止工作。他停下了并转过身来，坐在那儿看着我。好吧，我也干脆停下来望着他。五个月了，他一直这样陪着我。我突然有一股强烈的欲望想了解他：为什么他要呆在这儿而
不乐意呆在花房里？我认为对树蛙来说，花房显然要舒适得多。
“你为什么呆在这儿？”我情不自禁地问他。
我目不转睛地盯着他，他也直视着我。然后我听到一种叮咚声。这种声音似乎一下子就进入了我的大脑中枢，因为它和电脑里发出来的声音十分接近。在那个声音里我听到树蛙对我“说”：“因为我想让你明白”。唷，太不可思议了。“明白什么？”我脑海中突然跳出了这个问题。然后经过短暂的体验这种交流之后，我觉得我已经理解了树蛙待在这儿的原因。我开始理解树蛙只是想听到其他同类的叫声并并与之交流。或许他误以为计算机发出的声
音就是其他树蛙在呼唤他。
真是有趣。
我继续工作。我正在写一个关于全球气候变化的故事。有个朋友刚好发过来一份传真，说地球的温度正以每十年1.9度的速度上升。我知道，照这种速度下去，每年春天我都爱去提取树浆的这片枫林，到我孩子的那一代就将不复存在。我的故乡美丽的威斯康星州也
会在下一代变成一片草原。
此刻，树蛙从我脚背跳过去站在电脑前的地板上。然后他伸出手来从后面拢起左耳凝神倾听，接着他又站在电脑前伸出右手拢起另一支耳朵。他这样转动着脑袋，聆听那个声音，非常专心致志。他的皮肤起了微妙的变化，呈现出一种亮丽的绿色，然后他就用尽全
力跳到电脑上。
我猛然想起去年在收音机里听到的一则关于青蛙的消息，说是全世界的青蛙正在死亡。消息说因为青蛙的皮肤就像是一个内里朝外的肺，所以正在受到污染和全球气候变化的影响。据说已经发现有些青蛙的皮肤已变得像纸一样干瘪。还说青蛙是一个"物种指示器"，由
于对环境敏感，这个物种会先遭灭顶之灾。
这时我明白了。
青蛙向我们传递了一个信息。一些头脑清醒的人士也曾向我们传递过同样的信息，那就是"我们别无选择。"我们已经进入了关键时刻，为了人类的子孙后代，也为青蛙，我们必
须对这个星球负起主人的责任。
因为我们休戚相关。
我还明白了我们之间没有界限，明白了时间的紧迫。
为了我们的亲人，我们必须马上行动起来。
于是我明白了这只青蛙此行的目的，也知道自己在这儿该做些什么。
Unit2 爱因斯坦的指南针
小爱因斯坦是个安静的孩子。爱因斯坦夫妇赫尔曼和波琳认为他“或许太安静了”。爱因斯坦到三岁时才开始说话。父母差点就误认为他是反应迟钝，但有一个明显的事实打消了他们的疑虑，因为他真的开口说话时，说出的话便异乎寻常。两岁时，母亲波琳许诺给他一个惊喜。小爱因斯坦非常高兴，以为妈妈会带给他一件有趣的新玩具。但当妈妈把刚出生的妹妹玛嘉抱到他面前时，小爱因斯坦只是以疑虑的眼光盯着她，最后说道，“车轮在哪儿？”
爱因斯坦五岁的时候有一次卧病在床，父亲赫尔曼送给他一个新玩意。正是这个小玩意启动了他的智力。那是小爱因斯坦第一次见到指南针。他躺在床上摇晃摆弄着这个稀奇的东
西，认为自己能将指针糊弄到指向另一个方向。但是无论他怎样摆弄，指针却总是会回到原来指北的位置。“真奇妙”，他想。引导指南针的无形力量使爱因斯坦认识到，我们肉眼看到的只是世界的一部分，事物背后还有“某种东西，某种深藏着的东西。”
爱因斯坦就这样踏上了他穷其一生的探索之路。“我没有特殊的天份，”他常常说，“我
只是有强烈的好奇心。”
爱因斯坦不仅仅只是有好奇心。他的耐心和毅力使他做起事情来能比大多数人都更能持久。其他孩子用纸牌搭楼房，搭到四层高时房子就会摇摇晃晃地坍塌下来。而玛嘉却惊奇地看着她哥哥爱因斯坦能有条不紊地搭起14层纸牌高楼。后来爱因斯坦说道，“这不是因为
我有多聪明，而是因为我能坚持得更久。”
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的思维发展得益于他有机会与成人进行智力交流。他的叔叔是工程师，经常到爱因斯坦家里来，于是爱因斯坦就有机会参与他们的讨论。爱因斯坦的思想还受到一位医科学生的启迪。此人每星期都来爱因斯坦家一次，与爱因斯坦一家共进晚餐，
一起谈天说地。
爱因斯坦12岁的时候发现了一系列他认为是“神圣”的观念。那是一本有关欧几里德平面几何的小册子。原来人可以证明那些不易明显看出的角度和线段的定理。这个想法给年青学生爱因斯坦留下了“难以磨灭的印象”。他把数学当作满足自己好奇心并用以证明他后来发
现宇宙运行规律的手段。
他坚信美丽寓于简朴。或许这个悟性才是激发他天分的真正动因。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在表象复杂的大自然中寻求简朴的美，并发现别人看不到的真理。爱因斯坦用数学公式表达的思想也许只有少数才思敏捷的科学家才能理解，但他却能简洁地阐明自己思想之精随，使
人人都能够理解。
比如说，他的相对论推翻了数百年来一直被认为是完整地描述了自然界一切规律的牛顿定律，给科学界带来了一场彻底的变革。但是当有人敦促他举例说明，以便让大众能理解相对论时，他说：“把手放在烫人的炉上时，一分钟就像是一个小时。坐在漂亮姑娘的身边，
一个小时就像是一分钟。这就是相对论。”
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的创新思维在年仅26岁时就达到了高峰。1905年他写了三篇重要的论文，分别是关于光的本质（证明原子存在）、相对论以及著名的原子能等式：E=mc2。在随后的20年里，正是由于想知道是什么力量控制了指南针的指向所激发的这份好奇心以及坚持追求简单答案的毅力，引导他将空间与时间联系起来思考问题，由此发现了一种崭新
的物质状态。
他追寻的最终目标是什么呢？
“我想知道上帝是怎样创造世界的……我想知道他的思路；其余的就都是细枝末节了。”
来自斯德哥尔摩的唤醒电话
10月12日凌晨5：40，加利福尼亚理工学院的阿莫德·扎威尔教授接到了一个来自瑞典的电话，告诉他“你这辈子只有这二十分钟的清静时间了”。
全世界很快就会知道扎威尔获得了1999年度的诺贝尔化学奖，接着，扎威尔就会收到世界各地的来信。几天之内，他的电子邮件将激增至两千封；美国和埃及的媒体将纷纷打来电话，急切要求对他进行采访；朋友和同事也会不断打来恭贺电话，他的三条电话线都
将响个不停。但是现在，这位53岁的男子首先要与家人共享这条喜讯。
扎威尔亲吻了妻子德玛和两个小儿子纳比尔和哈尼。当他把这个消息告知远在家乡埃及的母亲时，她禁不住喜极而泣。扎威尔说，他的两个女儿玛哈和阿曼妮“从电话里一听到这个消息，就高兴得快疯了。我甚至连话都没法讲下去了。”
“纳比尔的反应让我有些失望，”他补充道。“我告诉他我获得了诺贝尔奖。他却只说了一声‘不错’。”当扎威尔问他是否会把这个消息告诉他学校里的小伙伴们时，这个六岁的小家伙答道“不会。那些家伙只会说‘那又怎样？’”不过纳比尔倒还确实问过“我们要去见国王吗？”
瑞典皇家学院因扎威尔在观察和研究原子层面所发生的化学反应方面所作的开创性工作而授予他诺贝尔化学奖。他向世人证明，“利用快速的激光技术有可能观察到化学反应发
生时分子中的原子是怎样运动的。”
扎威尔将物理领域内最有威力的仪器引进化学实验室，从而引发了一场革命，超微（千万亿分之一）化学从此诞生。瑞典发布人说，这是“一场发生在化学及其相关学科领域的革命，因为这种研究方法使我们能够了解并预测重要的化学反应，”能从自然界最基础的层面
探测自然。
扎威尔是加利福尼亚理工学院教师及校友中第27位获得诺贝尔奖的人，同时也是最近
十年里第三位获此殊荣的学院教师。
在经过了一周的激动和忙乱之后，扎威尔说：“根据我的经验，无论你在什么时候跨越学科或引进新的观点和仪器，你都会得到意想不到的发现，因为你开启了新的窗户。”
扎威尔走向国际科学领域前沿的道路快捷而别具特色，正如他所观察的原子跳出的分子舞步一样优美。童年时，扎威尔在埃及国内进行了很多化学实验，并由此获得了丰富的经验，这些经验使他在就读亚历山大大学时成绩在班上名列前茅。他在亚历山大大学接受的正统理科教育本可使他在数、理、化、地质等任一领域中获得一个极有发展前途的终身任教职位。不过他最终还是决定去宾夕法尼亚大学攻读博士学位，“去见识一下化学的分子世界。”扎威尔以前也曾听说过加利福尼亚理工学院，但当时这位年轻的埃及人认为，“学院”的名字听上去没有"大学"响亮。事实证明，在扎威尔从正统理科研究转向他后来在加州伯克利大学的博士后科研的过程中，宾夕法尼亚大学起到了“理想的”的过渡作用。
扎威尔留在贝克利大学做博士后研究有两个原因：一是想搞科研而非仅仅得到博士学位；另一个“私下的原因是我想买一辆美国大轿车带回埃及去。”他一到贝克利大学就“立即”
发表了三篇论文，当时有人就建议他与美国不多的几所顶尖大学联系深造。
“我决定去加利福尼亚理工学院的最重要的原因是，我的申请一提出，就受到了全院教职员工、领导和系里的热烈欢迎。”同时他认为，在一个以结构研究见长的系里，自己能在专攻动力学方面取得成功。并且，加利福尼亚的地中海气候也令人惬意。那是发生在1976
年的事情。
扎威尔的事业可谓一帆风顺。他在加利福尼亚理工学院工作一年半后就获得了终身教席，1982年被聘为正教授，1990年获鲍林首席教授荣誉。如今他又将诺贝尔奖揽入囊中，下一步他该干些什么呢？“首先，我还不会退休，”扎威尔说。“而且我也不会去好莱坞作影
星。”
扎威尔期望今后几年里能再有突破性的成果。他将继续活跃在科研领域，积极发表论文，视其论文如己出（迄今为止他已经发表了363篇论文）。在获得诺贝尔奖后不到一个星期内，扎威尔就打电话给编辑追问两篇论文的进展情况，这让编辑大为惊讶，问道：“是你
在给我打电话吗？不可能吧！我想你一定出去喝酒赴宴了。”他将继续尽力去揭示尚待研发
的领域的奥秘。
Unit3 艾弗里代尔开来的浴缸战舰
美国的妈妈们一直深信，如果要把那些小调皮鬼的嘴巴洗干净的话，没有什么能赛过象牙香皂（宝洁公司的一个注册商标）。这是因为这个牌子的香皂以其安全、柔和而纯正的品质而闻名遐迩，就像林肯纪念堂的大理石一样坚实无瑕。它的口感相当不错呢。而且，如果不慎将香皂落入澡盆，里面盛满了孩子们洗过澡的浑水，你也不用担心找不到--它会自动浮
上水面。
象牙香皂是一种美国文化现象。它就像华盛顿纪念碑一样得到广泛认可，并且远比国会受人尊崇。当西奥多·罗斯福还在北达科他州当驯马牛仔的时候，象牙香皂就已经拥有目前这种崇高的地位了。1879年，为抗衡进口香皂，象牙香皂被作为廉价白皂投放市场。为进行大规模销售，宝洁公司发起了最早一次全国规模的广告宣传活动，说象牙香皂"纯得可以飘浮起来"，并且使这种观念深入人心。其结果是：至少有许多代的美国人都用象牙香皂洗
浴净身。
使用象牙香皂来洗手、洗脸以及给小孩子洗屁股的人不计其数。就连宝洁公司也弄不清楚到底卖出了多少块象牙香皂，但它却准确记载了象牙香皂赚来了多少亿美元。每年，象牙香皂，象牙雪花膏，佳洁士牙膏，佛吉斯咖啡以及其他数百种宝洁公司旗下的产品的销售额
超过了三百亿美元。
1837年，两个外国移民--威廉·普罗克特和詹姆士·盖博尔--各投资3596.47美元在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提市成立了宝洁公司并发展至今。在创建后的几十年里，宝洁公司规模较小，主要生产蜡烛和香皂。直到二十多年后（即美国内战即将爆发之前），公司的销售额才突破100万美元。随着漂浮香皂的推出，以及意识到一系列精心策划的广告活动可以让一种简单的优质产品成为一种时尚，宝洁公司才有了巨大的发展。这种漂浮香皂的商标源于圣经中的"出自象牙宫殿"一语。这种新产品和它的营销手段极其成功，以至几乎所有的美国人都在使用它。这样，宝洁公司很快就在一个名叫艾弗里代尔的地方修建了一座新的大型工厂。
宝洁公司将广告在营销象牙香皂的过程中所起到的巨大作用铭记在心。比如说，宝洁公司成为第一批通过广播向全国消费者推销的商家之一。1933年，宝洁公司为推销奥塞度肥皂粉，赞助了一部广播连续剧《玛·泊婷斯》。从此，这类白天播出的连续剧就被称为"肥皂剧"。多年以来，宝洁公司推出了几十种新产品系列，如绿宝洗发水、邓肯汉司蛋糕现料以及不断推陈出新的汰渍洗衣粉。然而，直至今日，象牙香皂仍是宝洁公司的拳头产品。
象牙香皂一直理所当然地成为最受消费者欢迎的产品。手握一块象牙香皂，也就把握住了一段美国历史。如果你愿意，你甚至可以用象牙香皂来洗脸或洗手，这样你就可以相信它的"
纯度高达99.44%"，而且它还可以浮在水面。
象牙香皂在水中漂浮的这种品质对孩子们尤具吸引力。一代接一代的小男孩们总爱用牙签、小旗或玩具模型船的旧零件（总会找到几个）把象牙香皂改装成浴缸里的战舰。说到这里，我要给男孩子们提个醒：妈妈可不喜欢你这样做呵。
海尔在美国打造"酷"形象
纽约，8月2日（路透社）—对大多数美国消费者来说，“中国造”可能仍意味着廉价的玩具。可是中国最大的家电制造商却雄心勃勃地力图通过销售其品种日益增多的闪亮微
型冰箱来改变这一观念。
依据工业界的某些估计，海尔集团公司是世界第二大冰箱制造商。目前它正力辟蹊径，以自己的形象而非价格，去击败美国三家主要家电制造商。同时海尔还瞄准学生市场，期
望他们在离开学校后还会一直钟爱海尔品牌。
海尔的策略可能成为中国其它消费品制造商进军美国市场的一个信号。到目前为止，这一策略算是奏效的--至少全球最大的零售商沃尔玛公司的两个核心人物是这样认为的。
“是不是中国制造的并不重要，”沃尔玛公司萨姆会员俱乐部的发言人梅丽沙·贝瑞希尔这样说道。萨姆会员俱乐部在上一假日销售季节商品目录上重点推出了一款黑色的海尔冰箱。
这个带有茶色玻璃门的冰箱可以冷藏30瓶酒。
梅丽沙·贝瑞希尔认为与标价160美元的更加普通的海尔冰柜比较，这款标价300美元
的豪华型冰柜“确实是物超所值。”
沃尔玛公司在四月举行的重要打折销售活动中，其2600家分店有一半都推出了冰柜，而大多数分店里都至少销售海尔制造的两款小型冰柜中的一种。
沃尔玛公司的发言人罗布·菲利普斯说：“海尔冰柜很受欢迎，销售量好得出乎我们预料。”他补充说，海尔的4.6立方英尺和5立方英尺的冰柜与通用电器的同类产品价格一样，
售价169美元左右。
以大学为“据点”
通用电器公司，惠而浦公司和梅塔公司目前雄据美国家电市场之首，不过这些公司只注重
大型冰箱和冷柜等主流消费领域。
海尔说它目前在美国的家用电器年销售额是2亿美元，宣称已在美国4立方英尺以下的小型冰箱市场占据了35%以上的份额，这些冰箱已用于宾馆和大学生寝室里。
海尔美国公司总裁迈克尔·杰穆说：“希望使用我们微型冰箱的大学生今后长大成家时，把海尔冰箱作为他们的首选。”早在1999年海尔美国公司成立之前，这位现任总裁就已经
率先在美国销售海尔冰箱。
海尔要减少对中国市场的依赖，因为国内市场的竞争很可能会加剧。中国加入WTO后，厂家在国内市场将面临更加激烈的外来竞争。
海尔去年的全球总收为50亿美元。年底公司在南卡罗莱纳州的康登市投资3千万美元建厂生产大型海尔冰箱。公司官员称，类似的创举可望在2004年将其在美国的销售额提高
到10亿美元。
弗吉尼亚大学达顿工商管理学院教授和新出版的《中国工商内情》的作者陈明哲说，海尔在“积累在美国经营的经验，然后确定市场定位。”
百老汇的总部
海尔公司首席执行官张瑞敏用铁锤砸烂不合格产品的电视镜头使他在中国名声大噪。上周他的公司出资1400万美元在曼哈顿区的百老汇买下了一幢历史悠久的银行大楼。
“用1400万在纽约买一幢大楼并不等于我们会成功，”杰穆说，“而是为了向消费者提供竞争对手缺乏的东西。”比如说，海尔公司计划在2002年第3季度推出连网的弗兰氏·戈登型不锈钢电器，如通过因特网就能启动的家用洗衣机等。为了提高在美国的品牌知名度，海尔已着手在纽约肯尼迪国际机场的手推车上及迈阿密、芝加哥的广告牌上打广告。但是公司目前并未和任何一家大型广告公司签约。海尔美国公司不仅与美国的家用电器制造商竞争，同时也为其中一些对手制造产品。海尔美国公司制造的产品有20%至25%是为其它
1、我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而自豪（count on；take pride in）What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 2、奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼：天哪，我们要赶不上火车了（Shoot a look at；let out） Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!” 3、我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问：在这种情形下，年轻的父母们是否得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？(stern;hold on to sb) At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances? 4、昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣的小女孩（dim;weep） In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 5、富人捐赠时要尽量考虑周全，不要让受赠者陷入难堪的境地(considerate;embarrassing) When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6、从上个月起，我的工作就是围绕日常办公事务转，所以现在每天掰着手指算什么时候才到国庆节：我和朋友要去乡下远足呢！(revolve;count the days ) Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going
目录 Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life 1 Unit1 Text B American Family Life: The Changing Picture 4 Unit2 Text A The Freedom Givers 10 Unit3 Text A The Land of the Lock 14 Unit3 Text B Why I Bought A Gun16 Unit4 Text A Was Einstein a Space Alien? 21 Unit5 Text A Writing Three Thank-You Letters 25 Unit6 Text A The Last Leaf 28 Unit7 Text A Life of a Salesman33 Unit7 Text B Bricklayer's Boy41 Unit8 Text A Human Cloning: A Scientist’s Story47 Unit8 Text B Second Thoughts on Cloning 50 Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life 多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂Jim Doherty 1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country. 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。 2 It's a self-reliant sort of life. We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables. Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week. Our bees provide us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season. 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。
第10章大写、标点符号与英汉互译 10.1 复习笔记 第1节大写与翻译 一、英文大写的最常用规则 1. 历史上的事件、时期和文件。如：美国的“南北战争”为“Civil War”。 2. 商品的牌子名称。如：飞鸽牌自行车Flying—Pigeon bicycle，可口可乐Coca Cola。 3. 星期名、月份、假日。如：星期一Monday，三月March，国庆日National Day。 4. 人名和地名，即数量最多的专有名词。如：邓小平Deng Xiaoping，莎士比亚Shakespeare，伦敦London。 5. 标题与书名等专名中的实词与两个音节及其以上的虚词。如：《为人民服务》“Serve the People”，《双城记》A Tale of Two Cities，《无事生非》Much Ado About Nothing。 6. 圣经中关于上帝的名词与代词。如：God，Lord，Christ，Jesus，He，Him，Himself 和His。 7. 职称、头衔和亲属关系称呼用在人名前头时。如：王力教授Professor Wang Li，史密斯博士Dr. Smith。 8. 机关、学校、建筑物和商业机构的名称。如：教育部Education Ministry，武汉大学Wuhan University，人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People。 9. 种族、国籍、语言和宗教方面的词语。如：黑人Black People或Negro，意大利
人Italian，中国籍(中国人或中国人的)Chinese，汉语Chinese天主教Catholic，新教徒Protestant。 10. 其他一切有特殊含义的词语，包括一句或一信的开头词、诗行的开头词、直接引语的开头词、强调词语等，和前9条中所说的词语一样，其首字母或全部字母必须大写。如： (1) 他爱国。 He loves his motherland. (2) 亲爱的先生： Dear Sir， (3) (诗句)听!那山谷深深，/充满了她歌唱的清音。 O listen! for the vale profound/Is overflowing with the sound. 第2节汉译英与标点 一、汉语标点符号 汉语书面语中共有l6种标点符号，它们是：l. 句号(。)2. 问号(?)3. 叹号(!)4. 逗号(，)5. 顿号(、)6. 分号(；)7. 冒号(：)8. 引号(“”)9. 括号(( ))10. 破折号(—)11. 省略号( (12) 着重号(. )13. 连接号(-)14. 间隔号(·)15. 书名号(《》)16. 专名号(____) 要正确地使用标点符号，记清它们的位置亦非常重要。《标点符号用法》对每种符号的位置也作了明确规定：“句号、问号、叹号、逗号、顿号、分号和冒号都是占一个字的位置，通常不出现在一行之首。引号、括号、书名号的前一半不出现在一行之末，后一半不出现在一行之首。破折号和省略号都占两个字的位置，中间不能断开。连接号和间隔号一般占一个字的位置。在书写和印刷时，这四种符号上下居中。着重号、专名号和浪线式书名号标在字
单词彩色 The days of my future My future will be happy. I already graduated at that time from the university. I will have a stable work.I will have my family, my husband,and a lovely child. What will be my future job? 我未来的日子 我的未来是美好的。我已经毕业，从大学的时间。我将有一个稳定的工作。我将有我的家人，我的丈夫，和一个可爱的孩子。什么将是我将来的工作？ I have many ideals. I want to work as a singer, stands on the stage sings for the people; I want to work as a nurse, cure illness, brings the health for the people; I want to work as a pilot, drives the airplane in the blue sky; 我有很多理想。我想当一名歌手，站在舞台上唱的人；我想当一名护士，治疗疾病，给人们带来健康；我想当一名飞行员，在蔚蓝的天空中飞机驱动； I want to work as a gardener, with a little bit sweat irrigation flowers, lets our life forever fill the green. After growing up.I want to ba a teacher.I will have many students.Every day I will give many classes to them. I will become a teacher who is always preparing my lessons.I can certainly be a good teacher in the future 我想做一个园丁，带一点汗灌溉的花朵，让我们的生活永远充满绿色。长大以后。我还想做一个老师。我有许多学生。每天我都会向他们许多类。我会成为一名老师，总是准备功课。我一定能够在未来的好老师。 I will also be a volunteer of my city. I will help a great deal of people.Do many meaningful things. I will Make contribution to my city and the society. If I can became an teacher, they are my forever hopes. this will be my future, when a grade teacher's dream. I will have a bright future.Now I will study hard and make preperation for my future. 我也将我的城市志愿者。我会帮助很多人做了很多有意义的事情。我将贡献我的城市和社会。 如果我能成为一个老师，他们是我永远的希望。这将是我的未来，当一级教师的梦想。 我将有一个光明的未来。现在我会努力学习，为我的未来做准备。 翻译 1、我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2、父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我的责任。 My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over my upbringing at that point. 3、这些玩具必得在达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童。 The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4、作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。
译文 第一单元 友谊的真谛 米歇尔·E·多伊尔马克·K·史密斯 我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有社会公认的择友标准。在某一情境下，我们会把某个人称为朋友；然而，情境一旦变迁，朋友这个称呼就显得没那么贴切了。因此，人们对友谊的真谛的理解往往是非常肤浅的。为了帮助我们理解友谊的真正含义，我们需要回顾有关友谊的几种传统的看法。 一种传统的友谊观在古希腊著名的哲学家亚里士多德的著作里得以阐述。他将自己心目中真正的友谊同另外两种友谊截然分开。这两种友谊分别是：基于互利的友谊；基于愉悦的友谊。因此，根据亚里士多德的观点，我们可以将友谊分为三类： 建立在功利之上的友谊。|功利并非永恒，它依照环境而变化。友谊的根基一旦消失，友谊也随之破灭。这类友谊似乎在老人之间最为常见，因为上了年纪的人需要的不是愉悦而是实用。基于功利的友谊也同样存在于追逐个人利益的中年人和青年人中。这些人不会在一起消磨时光，因为他们有时甚至不喜欢对方，因而觉得除非可以互相利用，否则没有交往的必要。只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时 候，才会乐于呆在一起。 建立在愉悦之上的友谊。|年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的，因为年轻人的生活受感情支配，他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。然而，他们的情趣随着自己日渐成长也会变化，他们交友容易，分手也干脆。年轻人的态度变化无常，甚至一日数变，难怪他们的友谊总是迅速地开始，又匆匆地结束。 建立在美德之上的友谊。|完美无瑕的友谊立足于美德。只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间建立的友谊才是最完美的。品行高尚的人，其行为是相同的，或者是类似的。爱和友谊多半在品行高尚的人之间发生，而且以最高雅的形式出现。这种友谊是罕见的，需要时间，需要交 往。常言道，真正的朋友必须同甘共苦，历经风雨。只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并获得对方的信任之后，彼此方能接受对方为朋友。交友的意愿可能倏忽而至，但真正的友谊却要慢慢培养。 另一种传统的友谊观可以在古罗马政治家、演说家西塞罗的著作里找到。西塞罗认为，真正的友谊只能在好人之间发生。他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。”好人之间建立的这种友谊立足于美德，它确实可以带来物质利益，但决不以追求物质利益为目标。人类生活在以共同的理想为基础的社会。因此，在处理朋友关系和其他人际关系时，优越于他人的人必须平等地对待那些没那么幸运的人。美德创造友谊，美德使友谊之树常青。 我们由此可以看出，传统的友谊观由三个要素构成：朋友以相伴为乐；朋友必须彼此受益；彼此都有志于崇高的事业。这些传统的友谊观告诉我们，两个品德高尚的朋友是永不分离的，因为彼此认同对方的高尚品德。因此，认识朋友就是认识自我，了解朋友就是了解自我。可
英汉互译教程要略 1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。 2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。 3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。 4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8．Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9．人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12．People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。 18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举？ 21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22．His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
全新版大学英语综合教程3 课后答案UNIT 1 Vocabulary I. 1. 1) on balance 5) illustrated 9) involved 2) resist 6) budget 10) economic 3) haul 7) lowering 11) blasting 4) wicked 8) boundary 12) just about 2. 1)cut back/ down 2) pick up 3) get by 4) get through 5)face up to 6) turn in 7) making up for 8) think up 3. 1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy 2) often generate misleading thoughts 3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work 4) be suspected of doing everything for money 5) before he gets through life 4. 1) their indoor, a profit, to invest in 2) device, the improvement, on a global scale 3) stacked, temptation, never dined out
II Confusable Words 1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household 2. 1) doubt 2) suspect 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect III. Word Formation 1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows, whys 6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. Text-related 1) get by 2) temptation 3) get through 4) improvements 5) aside from 6) suspect 7) supplement 8) profit 9) stacking 2. (Theme-related) 1) replaced 2) consider 3) quit 4) world 5) tough 6) fuels 7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance 10) ideal II. Translation 1. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3. The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as
Unit 1 1.听到她屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过（distress） It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failure. 2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子（assume）He assured an air for cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with his boss. 3.格列佛（Gulliver）经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物（assortment） Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people. 4.如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你气的（furious） He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake. 5.我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引（draw） We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner. 6.等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲（die down） After cheers and applause died down, the Nobel Prize Winner began his speech. 7.他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流（run
unit 4 Was Einstein a Space Alien? 1 Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albert finally dozed off ... it was time to get up and go to wor k. He couldn't skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family. 1. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦精疲力竭。他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停，弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时，已是他起床上班的时候了。他不能一天不上班，他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。 2 Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a "Technical Expert, Third Class," Albert w orried about his mother. She was getting older and frail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva. Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it again. 2. 阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。在快步去专利局上班的路上，他为母亲忧心忡忡。母亲年纪越来越大，身体虚弱。她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事，婆媳关系紧张。阿尔伯特瞥了一下路过的商店的橱窗，看见自己头发凌乱，他又忘了梳头了。 3 Work. Family. Making ends meet. Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young h usband and father. 3. 工作，家庭，维持生计——阿尔伯特感受到了一位年轻丈夫和年轻父亲所要承担的全部压力和责任。 To relax, he revolutionized physics. 他想放松下，却使物理学发生了突破性进展 4 In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physic s, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of science--all written in his " spare time." He proved that atoms and molecules existed. Before 1905, scientists weren't sure abo ut that. He argued that light came in little bits (later called "photons") and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics. He described his theory of special relativity: space and time were threads in a common fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted. 4. 1905年，在他被聘为物理学教授的前四年，26岁的爱因斯坦发表了科学史上最重要论文中的五篇——这些论文都是他在“业余时间”完成的。他证明了原子和分子的存在。1905年之前，科学家们对此没有把握。爱因斯坦论证说光以微粒形态出现（后来被称为“光子”），这为量子力学奠定了基础。他把狭义相对论描写为：时空如同普通织物中的线，他提出，这些线可以弯曲、拉长和交织在一起。 5 Oh, and by the way, E=mc2. 5. 对了，顺便提一下，E = mc2。 6 Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton. It ha ppened in 1666 when Newton secluded himself at his mother's farm to avoid an outbreak of plagu e at Cambridge. With nothing better to do, he developed his Theory o f Universal Gravitation. 6. 在爱因斯坦之前，最近一位迸发出如此创造性思想的科学家当数艾萨克牛顿
广西师范学院《英汉互译（一）》课程教案 编号: 15-1 开课单位：外语系授课教研室：翻译写作 课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》授课教师：唐旭光 教材：《新编英汉互译教程》，授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班
《英汉互译（一）》第一讲翻译简论与主要翻译方法 （A Brief Discussion of Translation and Major Translation Approaches） 1. Introduction Translation studies started along with translation practice. Translation theories developed flourishingly in the 20th century, especially in the second half of the last century. In fact, translation, which is a very complex phenomenon, is related to different disciplines, such as linguistics, psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, communication theory, literary criticism, aesthetics, and semiotics. As translation study is a cross-discipline and cross-culture subject involving many aspects of human knowledge, the lack of a fully acceptable theory of translation should not come as a surprise. Meanwhile, quite a number of translation approaches and strategies have become universally acceptable and widely applicable. They are, of course, the fruits of many translation theorists and translation practitioners at home and abroad. 2.The Origin of Translation Language makes it possible for people to communicate with one another freely so as to complete important tasks in human life. Translation makes it possible for people from different languages to communicate with one another so as to complete important tasks in their life. Theodore Savory points out, “Translation is almost as old as original authorship and has a history as honorable and as complex as that of any other branch of literature”(申雨平, 2002:4). In Zhou Dynasty there were different forms of address for translators in different places. “Translators are called Ji in the east, Xiang in the south, Didi in the west, and
Unit 1练习答案 Text comprehension IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences. (p7) 1.I planned to keep silent and act in such a way that nobody would notice that I was only a newcomer in college. 2.For three days, I had not been to the cafeteria due to my feeling of humiliation and shame. Instead, I stayed alone in my room and ate junk food of various kinds from a vending machine which was in just the right place to aid me in avoiding others. 3.It didn’t matter whether or not you were widely accepted or admired; you did not have to behave to the liking of everybody else. Vocabulary I.Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1.I was feeling just a bit first-gradish:I had just the feeling of a newcomer at college without the strength a mature student might possess. 2.my airs of assurance: my apparent confidence 3. a little nourishment:some food to appease my hunger (as well as my anxiety) 4.running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival: going with the tide was no longer crucial to one’s success 5.massive mistakes: foolish and glaring mistakes II.Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form. 1.distress 2. clutched 3. pose 4. sneaked 5. preoccupation 6.shackles 7. curse 8. deliberation III.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words. 1.assure 2. discretion 3. relaxation 4. humiliate 5. strategy 6.embarrassment 7. maneuverable 8. immaturity IV.Fill in the blanks in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text. 1.lived up to 2. headed for 3. seek out 4. has broken out 5.groped for 6. trying…on 7. go out to 8. tipped off V.Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1.distinct: vague (indistinct) 2. discreetly: inconspicuously 3.reserve: self-restraint(self-control) 4. dumb: clever (intelligent, sensible) 5.demeanor：manner（behavior） 6. composed: excited 7. slink: sneak 8. na?ve: mature (sophisticated) VI.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. 1.caught on: became popular 2. look up to: respect 3. persist in: keep up 4.result in: lead to 5. figure out: understand 6. hit upon: found
第5章翻译常用的八种技巧 5.1 重译法 一、英译汉 1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。 2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution. 【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。 3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges. 【译文】运河是交通的动脉，开运河不是为了走游艇，而是为了通行驳船。 4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’. 【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。
5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因：第一个原因是向西部的扩展，第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。 6. …for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges. These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming. 【译文】……以便建立农业和工业学院。这些学校一方面是教育机关，另一方面，也是农业科学的研究中心。 7. …This is nothing li ke back home in Colorado. We have rains there, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer... 【译文】……这跟家乡科罗拉多的情况迥然不同。科罗拉多也下雨。春夏两季雷雨交加……【解析】原文第二句用there代替in Colorado，而译文重复“科罗拉多”。 8. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 【译文】全世界在注视着。全世界在倾听着。全世界在等待着看我们将做些什么。 9. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people.