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第六讲 大学英语四级短文改错解题技巧

第六讲  大学英语四级短文改错解题技巧
第六讲  大学英语四级短文改错解题技巧

第六讲大学英语四级短文改错解题技巧

常见错误方式:

1、错词(words mistaken)。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误,要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词(change a word),这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。

2、缺词(words missing)。在标有题号的一行的任何位置缺了一词,要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词(insert a word)。

3、多词(words redundant)。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余,要求考生认定该多余的词并划去(cross out a word)。

短文共有10处错误,历年考题的统计资料表明,绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外,更由于这类错误形式难度较大,并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。

解题方法:

1、先读文章前两句,确定本文的主导时态

如果是议论文,说明文,主要时态应该是一般现在时。如果是游记或回忆应该是一般过去时为主导,在做题过程中要把握主从时态要协调原则。

2、逐行阅读,按点找错,有的放矢

我们之所以做不好改错的原因,是因为我们不知道哪里容易出错。常见错误口诀如下:

1)谓语和非谓语混用口诀

谓与非谓语经常混,谓语句中就一个;

其余动词非谓语,非谓形式有三种:

Ving、Ved 和to do;

现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动;

目的要用不定式,主宾要用动名词;

例:Police’s records show a surprised link between changes in the seasons and crime patterns. [surprising]

2)四大常见错误口诀:

见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语;

见到that 想从句,从句里给谓语;

见到名词想可数,可数不可数要记清;

见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理

见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称

例:1)Business today whether it is running a little gas-station or a big factory take good management.[takes]

A break in their employment, or a decision to work part time, will slow its raises and promotions-because it would for men. [their]

3.逻辑混淆,词性误用,放弃僻题原则

逻辑错误:重点考一种,肯定还是否定的问题。

Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heart attack, but these same drugs may be both necessary and harmful for those with only mild blood pressure problems. [unnecessary]

词性误用:介词连词误用,形容词副词误用

放弃僻题:对于过于生僻的考点,如果无法找出错误与其浪费时间不如合理放弃,因为放弃也是一种智慧,下边我会结合文章给大家讲解些何为僻题

4.最后通读全文,进行复检

再浏览改后的全文,看全篇是否语意通顺,注意无错行一般最多是一行。要按照绝对规范的要求去答题。

常考典型错误:

A.一致性方面的错误

①主谓一致主谓不一致错误是CET-6综合改错题内容之一,主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长,首尾不能相接,造成视觉上的混淆。

例:The president of the company, together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.

句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”,介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关,是插入成分,故谓语动词应用单数is.

②名词单复数有时名词可以不用复数,但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰,如many,several, a number of, a variety of等等,就要变成复数形式。

例:Computer,as we all know,has many possible use in different fields. 句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的,所以use应改为uses。

③代词与先行词一致代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群。

例:A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors' study because without them one can read books only in translation.

本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them指代a knowledge of several languages,因为其中knowledge是中心词,所以要把them改为it。

B.时态、语态、虚拟语气

①时态错误在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中,时态的使用也应该连贯一致,但是英语表示时间时,主句和从句时态可能不一致,却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感,准确判断句中动作的时态。?

例:He can't remember what he once knows. 主句用的是一般现在时,宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语,因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。

②语态错误在CET-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动,因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外,不及物动词不能携带宾语,因而也就没有被动语态。

例:She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意:当她听这个叙述的时候,她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象,因而telling应改为being told。

③虚拟语气错误虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。

例:We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气,故“is”应改为“be”或“should be”。类似的动词还有demand,insist,order,等。

C.连接词、并列句、从属句

这类错误常常不易被发现,因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识,而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来,需要考生对文章有总体的理解,头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变,或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。例:Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, since technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. 句中连

词“since”用错了,逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系,但是since使之变成了因果关系,整个句子变得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。

D.形容词、副词比较级、最高级

这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲,考生不难掌握。

例:Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.此句costly是形容词,意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式,须改成costly。

E.平行结构

平行结构错误主要指在连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。

例:Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future,and which to be dropped. 本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now,which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致,均采用不定式主动语态,因而to be dropped应改为to drop。

F.非谓语动词

非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型,它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。

例:The idea that learn a foreign language is hardwork is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知:the idea是主语;is realized是谓语部分;that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语,而learn是动词形式,应改为动名词“learning”。

G.固定搭配

固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。

例:It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology. 句中“takes rise to”是错误搭配,应把“takes”改为gives。“give rise to”是固定表达,有“引起、导致”的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用语。

H.词性错误

词性误用句中,错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题,首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置,然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般说来,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词,副词修饰形容词。

例:We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job. 句中形容词necessary用于修饰形容词capable,属于词性误用,应改为副词形式necessarily。?

I.易混淆的词

英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似,如assure/ensure,rise/arise/raise, effect/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。

例:His persistence was awarded when the car finally started.句中“award”是“颁发,授予(奖赏)”之义,而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了,那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。

实战演练:

Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking ,feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.

本题考点:谓与非谓语经常混,谓语句中就一个

本文已经有两个谓语refers characterize 一个连词that,如果再出现谓语则必须再出现一个连词。因为一个基本规则请同学们记好:连词数=谓语数-1。所以此时include 后面有宾语最好的改写方式:including

Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs, and institutional arrangements-and material culture-physical object like cooking spots ,computers and bathtubs.

本题考点:1)谓与非谓语经常混,谓语句中就一个:compose—composed

2) 见到名词想可数,可数不可数要记清: object-objects

In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make.

本题考点:见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称

both A or B—改为both and

In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another language- the person who is unfamiliar with the arts,music, literature, philosophy, or history.

本题考点:1)谓与非谓语经常混,谓语句中就一个

本句中有三个谓语却只有一个引导词,所以应该加一个连词,在can speak 前加一个who. 2)逻辑错误:根据上下文判断unfamiliar –familiar

But to sociologists ,to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world of experience.

本题考点:介词与连词误用

because of –because 因为后面是一句话需要连词

Culture is essentially to our humanness.

本题考点:副词与形容词误用

essentially—essential

How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you?

本题考点:见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称

laugh—laughs

Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.

本题考点:放弃僻题

如果supply with 这个短语你没有背过,这个题目解起来就很吃力,所以我们在考场上对于这种题目所采取的态度是:背过则改,没背过则放弃。

大学英语四级改错题常考要点——代词

(一) 掌握代词的几种格

主格、宾格、所有格

名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)

(二) 反身代词

当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。

He killed himself. (他自杀了)

He killed him. (他杀了他)

例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series of indicators that could help themselves to predict earthquakes.

分析:themselves应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意could并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物

(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别

在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此如果代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。

例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the Pacific.

分析:it应改为those。指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。Water作为水是不可数名词,waters 表示水域,通常使用复数形式。

另:Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:Many of his works,much of his work, work都表示作品

例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined the word “normalcy” to express social and economic conditions they promised the nation.

分析:they应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he 来指代。

例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important work is not poetry, but his biography, John Keats, published the year of her death.

分析:his应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell.

(四) Who和which的区别

which指代事物或者动物,who指代人

who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物

例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.

分析:who应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。

(五) that和which的区别

介词后面使用which, 而不用that,in that除外

例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it would affect society could not have been foreseen.

分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见

(六) 定语从句的特殊省略

Reason后面接定语从句,中间往往省略why,

Time后面接定语从句,中间往往省略when (e.g. I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.)

way后面接定语从句,中间省略了in which

例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.

分析:mainly应改为main。mainly为副词,不能修饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略

例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has

affected the way people in the United States----.

(A) living and working

(B) they live and work

(C) live and work

(D) to live and to work

分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。

英语四级改错题常考要点——非谓语动词

(一) 分词

现在分词和过去分词的区别

①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动

例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.

分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以改won为winning.

②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动

例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.

分析:生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此lived改为living.

* 一些动词后面必须用doing

对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, adjust, advocate, suggest, delay, quit, forgive, tolerate, avoid, escape, spend+名词+doing; have trouble/difficulty +doing

例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their crops.

分析:harvest应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语。

例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.

分析:advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing

(二) 不定式

A. 动词不定式的省略

①、help后面可以省略to

例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten the lives.分析:the应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意helps teach并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。

②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个make/let/have sb. do sth

注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth.

例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians to know when to play various parts of a composition.

分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, 删去to.

③、感官动词后面可以省略to (hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe)

see sb do sth.强调过程see sb doing sth 正在做某事

B. 动词不定式的固定用法

(1)表示第一人the first woman to do sth.

(2)表示迫使的动词一般考三个,allow/ enable/ call +sb. + to do

例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.

分析:allow sb. to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即改为: allow geologists to speculate。

(3)表示倾向…的形容词

be more likely to do 更有可能作某事be inclined to do倾向于做某事

be liable to do 易于…的be apt to do

(4)表示目的的名词,一共有7个这样的词。

固定的句式:

the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.

the objective/ aim/ goal/reason/function/intention+be+to do

例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.

分析:providing 应改为to provide

例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds that make up various components of a living cell.

分析:for understanding改为to understand

(5) 其他同根名词

ability to do受到be able to 的影响attempt to do 企图

decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响ambition to do, be ambitious to do

effort to do

例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.

分析:explanation应改为to explain。attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的。

例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.

分析:efforts for registering 改为efforts to register

C. 动词不定式的其他用法

(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴

She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.

(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时

I am glad to see you.

I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.

(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动

It is difficult to decide.

大学英语四级改错题常考要点——介词

介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配。

(一) 介词搭配

例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. 分析:和…一起,together应该为together with

例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. 分析:be rick of改为be rich in

例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the alternation of periods of light and darkness. 分析:responsible to应改为responsible for。

(二) 最重要的两个介词

1、介词of 多余或者遗漏

例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.

分析:top后应增加of。on top of …是固定表达法,意为“在…上面”。

例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television, and film productions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean.

分析:sides后应增加of。sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。

2、介词by

一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by

另一种表示通过……的方式,by doing

例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States can be performed from a justice of the peace.( 治安法官)

分析:from应改为by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils could vote a declaration of war at refusing to supply moccasins(鹿皮鞋) and field rations(配给).

分析:at refusing应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by。

例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with operations on sets of numbers or other elements that are often represented at symbols.

分析:at应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。

大学英语四级改错题常考要点——谓语动词

(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致

①、主谓分割原则

例:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, America's national bird, symbolize strength

and freedom.

分析:symbolize应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。

②、与后者一致原则

not…but,not only…but also强调but或but also后面的名词

③、与前者一致原则

单数名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用单数,

中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致

例:The athlete, together with his coach and several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.分析:are应改为is,谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致

④、就近原则

or, eit her…or, neither…nor单数名词+or+复数名词+are

如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is

所以注意一点:如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数

如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数

例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for single-celled animals. 分析:or应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。

⑤、定语从句主语就近原则

例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last just a few seconds.分析:last应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。

⑥、the +形容词主谓一致

The rich are not always happier than the poor.

The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数

⑦、倒装句的主谓一致

改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况:

a. there be 句型

there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定be动词的形式

b. between/ among 短语放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致

例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.

分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,there are 改为there is 例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 miles in width.

分析:倒装句,are改为is

⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致

fifty percent of + 名词

one percent of + 名词

谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如:one percent of my students + are

fifty percent of my time is spent on working.

这里要强调两个结构

half of =fifty percent

most of + 可数名词+ are

most of + 不可数名词+ is

例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been found in central and eastern Canada.

分析:has been应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。

(二) 谓语动词的时态

①、主要考察时间状语

例The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.

分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was

②、For和since的区别

区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点

区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时

I have been a teacher for three years.

I have been a teacher since 1996.

I was a teacher for three years.这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了

例:Since 1921 the budget of the United States became the primary responsibility of the president.分析:since应改为in. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。

例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.

分析:since应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。

例:In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.

分析:lived 改为live. 自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态。

(三) 谓语的语态

语态主要指主动语态还是被动语态。

有四组动词是改错题中常考的:

①、prove

My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的

尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动。

例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.

分析:being tricked应改为tricks。并列连词or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。

②、locate,situate

这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置

如:Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置。

这两个词也可以用作被动,如:My school was located near the river.

区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语

例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.

(A)locates (B)locating(C)to locate (D)is located

分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。

③、表示“需要”意义的动词need, want, require等

My watch needed repairing.

My watch needed to be repaired.

④、表示人的情感的动词move, annoy, surprise, please等

He is so moving.他令人感到感动。

He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。

主动和被动技巧总结:

如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词

例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, power structures, and flood-control works along the Tennessee River and its tributary streams.

分析:has chartered应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。

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短文改错 题型解读 高考短文改错着重考察我们的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力,它是一种在较高层次上考察我们对英语知识的掌握程度和对语言的综合运用能力的测试题型。这种题型不仅要求我们具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。它是针对我们平时学习英语过程总,尤其是写作中常犯的错误而设计的,所以我们在平时写作古城中常出现的错误是短文改错的考察重点。短文改错的题型有一下三个特点。 1、短文改错的立意特点 短文改错是全面考察我们对英语基础知识的灵活运用能力的一种题型,它不仅检测我们的语法知识,也全面考察我们的写作能力。 2、短文改错的情景特点 (1)短文改错的语言材料通常来自我们的文章或类似于我们习作的文章。所选材料篇幅较短,110词左右,10—12个句子;难度不大,基本上无生僻的词语和语法结构。短文改错的话题比较常见,通常是叙述意见事情或说明一个事物。这种实体能反应出我们准确运用语言的能力。 (2)从体裁上看,历年高考实体中的短文改错文章以记叙文和应用文为主,兼顾说明文和议论文。 3、短文改错的试题特点 (1)从选材上看,所选文章多以学生习作为基础,内容贴近学生生活,难易适中。 (2)从句法上看,设计主从复合句、并列句、简单句、疑问句、倒装句、省略句等。 (3)从词法上看,主要考察动词(含时态、语态、情态动词、助动词和系动词)、非谓语动词(含动名词、现在分词、不定时和过去分词)、名词与代词(含单复数、主谓一致、所有格等)、引导词与从句(含三大从句以及逻辑关系)、形容词与副词(含比较级、最高级、形容词/副词误用)、其他(含固定表达、介词等)。(4)从体裁上看,历年高考题中短文改错的文章已记叙文为主。 (5)从设错形式上看,“7+2+1”或“8+1+1”,即多词1—2个,少词1个,改词7—8个。

(完整版)大学英语四级阅读理解解题技巧

大学英语四级选词填空和快速阅读复习攻略 选词填空: 首先:预览选项,了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性:名词n,动词v,形容词a,副词ad,在每个选项后作词性的简要标记; 其次:精读全文开头,把握文章主题,并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位,利用前后文判断每空的词性; 第三:把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文,含义通顺,时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。 记背选词填空选项的重点范围: 1.历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词 2.历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项,仔细阅读态度题的选项 3.历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇 快速阅读: 建议做题方法:读题干并确定关键词(中心词)--去原文中定位关键词--分析定位句--分析题干--确定答案。 首先用“打包”方法对付乱序: 把整组题全部一次性吃透,然后去原文从头到尾定位。否则,考生如果按顺序逐题解答,时间会严重不足,最好是文章一遍看下来,能找到所有的信息。此外,考生应该注意定位原文的过程中,一定要脑、眼和手并用:眼是肯定要用的,不用脑会导致忽视同义转换,不用手(笔)会使我们处于走马观花的状态,然后会怀疑自己是不是漏掉了信息而不停地看。 其次:“吃透”题干,准确判断关键词(中心词)至关重要。如果没吃透题干,就无法准确判断关键词或中心词,就可能对原文中的重要信息没感觉。一般来说,题干关键词或中心词为实词以及一些数字、专有名词等。 最后,在解题的先后顺序上,采用先易后难的策略。采用由易到难的解题策略,可以提升考生的解题信心。对于那些答题线索较少的题干细节信息,考生可留在最后再解答。在解答这类较难的题目时,考生可快速阅读原文中仍未选过的段落的主题句(通常为第一句、第二句或最后一句),之后根据段落大意与题干中的细节信息进行匹配。

高考短文改错技巧_答题技巧总结精华版

高考短文改错技巧,答题技巧总结

(二) 句法的测试: 1主谓语在数上的一致; I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is 2名词性从句; A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是连词,在从句中无任何意义,而后面的宾语从句缺宾语,用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。 3定语从句; This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改为which 4强调句型;It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who… It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that 5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。 (三)语篇的测试语篇的测试包括: 1上下文中的时态是否一致; 2上下文中的代词是否一致; 3上下文中的逻辑是否一致; 4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。 1.Dear David, I have recently felt guilty, stay sleepless at night. You may wonder how. To tell you the truth, it is just because of the fact that I seldom cheat in exams and I

just can’t stop me. In many exams, I used cellphones to surf the net for answer. Besides, I sometimes referred them to my notebooks so copied something. As you know, cheating do much harm to our learning and self-confidence. It’s time that I take action to stop it. I would appreciate it you could offer me some advice. Looking forward to your reply! 2.My father and I am taking a camping trip in July1.________ and August. We will travel for about two months but2.________ will tour the United States and parts of the Canada. We3.________ have decided to camp because it does not spend as much4.________ as vacationing in hotels, but we had to plan carefully. I5.________ think the car what we are going to drive is very small, so6.________ we decide to take only one small suitcase for both of them7.________ and as few camping things as possibly. We will take some8.________ medicine with us prevent insects from hurting us, and also9.________ some food for picnics. I'm sure that we will have fun.10.________ Tom is a little boy, but he is only seven years old. One day he1.________ went to the cinema. It was the first time for him to do that. He2.________ bought a ticket and then went out. But after two or three minutes3.________ he came out and bought the second ticket and went in again. After a4.________ few minutes he comes out again and bought a third ticket. Two5.________ or three minutes later he came out and asked another ticket.6.________ Then the girl in the ticket office who asked him, “Why do you7.________

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