现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。它们属于不同时间的两种时态，现在完成时属于现在时态的范畴，而一般过去时属于过去时态的范畴。
下面我们先从构成形式上区别一下两种时态。
现在完成时的动词形式为：“have (has)+动词的过去分词”像have/has done：而一般过去时的动词形式为：“动词的过去式”像did .例如：
Jack’s mother took him to school every day when he was in primary school.
杰克在小学时他妈妈每天送他上学。
Maria has never read any Chinese stories. 玛利亚从未读过中国故事。
2. 基本用法不同：“对现在影响”、“持续到现在”
正如前面所说，现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态的范畴，现在完成时与一般过去时最大的区别有两点：它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。例如:
Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了动物园。（仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关）
Li Lei has read the book. 李磊已看过那本书。（说明李磊
了解那本书的内容）
另外，现在完成时还可以表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在，强调动作的延续性它常与for及since引导的一段时间状语连用。例如：
He has lived here for ten years. 他已在这儿住了10年了。比较：
1.) The Greens have worked in China since 1998.
格林一家自1998年到现在一直在中国工作。
The Greens worked in China in 1998.格林一家1998年在中国工作。
2.) He has lived in the country for a long time. 他在农村生活了很长时间。（现在还在农村）
He lived in the country for a long time before he came to town.
他进城前在农村生活了很长时间。
3.) She has bought a bicycle.她买了一辆自行车。（现在她有一辆自行车了。）
She bought a bicycle last year.去年她买了一辆自行车。
4.) He has won a prize for his invention.
他因为他的发明而获奖了。He also won a prize last year.他去年也获奖了。
注意：
在与for及since引导的一段时间状语连用时，句子的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，终止性动词不可和一段时间连用。例如：他当兵已三年了。
误：He has become a soldier for three years.
误：He joined the army for three years.
正：He has been a soldier for three years.
正：He has been in the army for three years.
1. 连用的时间状语不同
与现在完成时连用的时间状语除了上面所说明的由since和for引导的一段时间外还有：already, yet, still ,just, so far, in the last(past), before, ever, never等。而一般过去时则常与ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now等连用。
注意：现在完成时态不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等之类的表示具体的过去时间的状语连用。例如：Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in the park?
你曾在公园里摘过花或曾踩过草地吗？
Father bought that watch ten years ago.
爸爸10年前买了那块手表。
I have never seen the film before.
我以前没有看过这部影片。
注意：在when引导的特殊疑问句中不可用现在完成时，而
只可用一般过去时。例如：
When did you visit Japan? 你什么时候访问过日本？
Exercises:
◇同步练习
动词填空：
1. saw I ___________(see) Tom last Friday.
2. Did，go ________you ________(go) to the Great Wall last summer?
3. When ____did__ you ___start____(start) to live in China?
5. ----The train ____________ (leave) already.
----When ________ the train
_________(leave)?
6. It is five years since I ________(meet) you last.
7. Where _______ you ______(be) for the last two weeks?
8. I _________ (lose) my pen in the bedroom.
I have to write with a pencil.
单项选择：
( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
---- I _______ it right here. But now it’s gone!
A. did you put; have put
B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; have put
( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to this school.
A. taught; came
B. has taught; came
C. taught; has come
D. has taught; has come
( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It
_______ 10 minutes ago. (山东)
A. left
B. has left
C. has been left
D. had left
( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ________ you.(重庆)
A. saw
B. see
C.
seeing D. have seen
( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa? （宁波）
---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday.
A. have visited
B. had visited
C. visited
D. visit
( ) 6. ---- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. (南京)
---- I ______ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.
A. hadn’t seen; am
B. haven’t seen; was
C. didn’t see; will be
D. haven’t seen; shall be
( ) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer here?
---- There ______ very little rain.
A. has
B. has been
C.
are D. have been
( ) 8. When _____you _______ your dictionary?
A. did; lose
B. has; lost
C. will; lose
D. does; lose
( ) 9. Where ______ you _______? Which answer is not right?
A. are; going
B. have; been
C. did; go
D. are; doing
( ) 10. There ______ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have
C.
are D. have been
Keys:
动词填空：
1. saw
2. Did, go
3. have, put, put
4. did, start
5. has left, did, leave
6. met
7. have, been
8. have lost
单项选择：
1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言： 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。 过去完成时-语法判定 1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作 有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去
现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了，我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年（现在也还在这里住） 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。（他现在还活着） 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。（today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语） 二、过去时的用法 1.
1.表示过去完成的动作，现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样？ —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱（表示她现在已不可爱了。） 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用，表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次（表示他已去世）练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.
一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时 一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用，试看下列例句： 1. I was in the classroom yesterday morning 2. My father was at work last week. 3. I visited the Palace Museum three weeks ago. 4. He always went to work by bus last year. 5. I wrote home once a week at college. 1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等； 2. 由"last+一时间名词"构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等； 3. 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等； 4. 其它：just now或者由句子本身的时态所反映出来的。 现在完成时表示：(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already，just，yet，before，ever，never 等副词连用；(2)发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。试看下列例句： 1.My father has brought many books for me , so I can do some reading now. 2.I have already finished my homework, so I can give it to my teacher now. 3.Kevin hasn't seen the film yet, so he has nothing to say about the film. 4.This is the best film I have ever seen. 5.Mary has been ill for three days. 6.I have lived here since 1998. 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now 等等，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, before, recently,ever, never等连用。
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别 1. 意义上的区别 一般过去时态只是单纯地表示过去某一时间发生过的动作或者存在的状态, 和现在没有任何联系, 只着眼于过去. 现在完成时态重点强调与现在的联系, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 属于现在时的范畴. 试比较下列例句: I have washed my shoes . 我刷过鞋了. 强调的是过去的某一时间发生的动作"洗" 对现在产生的影响是" 鞋是干净的" . I washed my shoes yesterday . 我昨天刷了鞋. 强调昨天做过"洗" 这个动作, 与现在鞋是否干净没有关系. My father has bought a new car . 我爸爸买了一辆新车. 强调在过去的某一时间发生的动作"买" , 对现在造成的结果是" 他有了一辆新车". My father bought a new car last Sunday . 我爸爸上个周日买了一辆新车. 强调上个周日"买" 这个动作发生过, 与爸爸现在是否有车无关. 也许这辆车是给别人的. 2. 时间状语的区别 一般过去时态只能与表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, la st week, three years ago, in 1990 , just now 等.
现在完成时态中的时间状语表达的时间是到现在为止. 如: just 刚刚, before 以前, "since / ever since +过去时间 " 自从...... 开始, ev er 曾经, never 从未, 未曾, "already" 已经 , " for+ 时间段"已有多长时间了. in the last/ past ten years 在过去的十年里, so far 到目前为止. up to now 直到现在, this week 这个星期等等. 二者的根本区别在于过去时强调事实，常有具体的时间状语标志，如，yesterday/5.oclock/this morning,just now,ago etc---, examples: 1.I met her a week ago. 2.We have a English class this morning. 而完成时有两种用法或意义 1，影响性：也是一个过去动作但却强调它对现在的影响,没具体时间点作时间状语，但常有，already,yet,before,just作状语。 (1).Have you had your breakfast,yet?(2).I have seen this movie before. (3).He has just finished his homework. 2.持续性：表动作从过去的一个点开始，一直持续到现在。（现在完成时）如果只需到过去的另一个点就是过去完成时。动词要用延续性的，还常有 for（引导线状时间状语），since（引导点状时间状语） (1).I have been worked here for 20 years./I have worked here since 20 years ago. (2).I have been a member of the League for 2 years.这里的be a member of 代替不可延续的动词短语join the League。
现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.--_____ you _____ (have) lunch yet? ---Yes，I . --- When____ you _____ (have) it? ---I______ (have) it at 12:00. 2._____ she _____(write) a letter to her aunt yet? Yes, she_____ . She__________ (write)it the day before yesterday 3. --______ you____ (find) your knife yet? ---Not yet. 4. I _________(sing) the English song before. 5. I ____ never _____(see) him before. 6.. She_____ just _____(ride) a horse? 7. Tom with his mother _________(shop)just now. . 8. Sam ________ (go) to school by bike last year. 9.My brother _______(join) the army in 1999. 10.My brother _______(be)in the army since1999. 11.John_________( not watch ) TV last night. 12.She ______ (do) her homework already. 13.Where is Jack? He______(go) the park. 14. I _________ (read) the magazine yesterday. 15.What was she doing when she __ (come) here. 16.We_______ (play) football five hours ago. 17..Mike ______ already ______(finish) the work. 18. We ___________(run) out of money. What shall we do? 19. I _____ just ______ (lose) my math book. 20. I ___ _ (be) to Beijing twice 21.My father _____ never____(eat)ice cream. 22.I __________(work) here since 1995. 23.The_______(teach) English since they (come) to this school. 24.We __________(learn) 1000 words so far. 25. Tom ____________( be) away for three days. He will come back tomorrow. 26.The teacher _________(leave) two days ago. 27.The teacher______(be) here since two days ago. 28.--- _____ you ______ (clean) the room yet? --Yes, we __________ (do) that already. --When _______ you ______ (do) it? ---We _______ (do) it an hour ago. 29. ---______ he ______ (see) this film yet? --Yes,he _____. --When _____ he _____ (see) it? --He ____ it last week. 30. I _________ (read) the book twice. It’s interesting. 31—Where’s she? .-- She ________ (go) to Pairs. -- How ______she ______(go) there? --She _______ (go) there by air. 32. So far, many countries ___ _ (improve) their environment. 33. Mr Chen _____ (give)up smoking last year. 34. Mr Chen ______ (give) up smoking since last year. 35.It’s ten years since I ________(meet) her. 36.This is the most interesting book that I_________(read). 37.She _________(work) in this hospital in 2005. 38. She _________(work) in this hospital since 2005. 39.I __________ (clean) my room two hours ago. 40. I ________(clean) my room since two hours ago. 41 The old men ____________ (live)in the house for ten years. 42. Mum is not at home now. She _______ (go) the shop. 43.The sun ________(rise) since five o’clock. 44.I’m sorry I’ve already_______(forget) your name. 45.My leg _______(hurt) a lot last night. 46.They ________(eat) a lot of chichen already. 47.--- he ______ (give) the book back to the library? --Not yet. 48.My uncle _______(teach) English for ten years. He loves his job. 49.I ________(spend) five hours watching TV last weekend. 50.He’s just _______(tell) us a story. 二、按要求变换句型。 1.I have already eaten the food.(否定句) 2..We have ever read this book. .(否定句) 3.The plane has arrived. (否定句) 4. She’s lent some money to others. (否定句) 5. She has already visited her aunt.（一般疑问句并肯定回答） 6..My father has already hadlunch. （一般问句并否
I have cleaned the classroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！） We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在！） We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term. （“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过去了！） 一、从结构上区别 现在完成时： 主语 + have / has（not） + 过去分词 过去完成时： 主语 + had (not) + 过去分词 (二)从时间状语区别 现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。 过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“by, at, before等构成的短语”。 注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。 例如： The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。 We had learned about 500English words when we were 6 years old. 我们六岁时就已经学了500个英语单词。
一般过去时和过去完成时区别？ 1. 在主从复合句中的用法不同 （1）用在宾语从句中 在主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中，既可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时。但两种时态的意义明显不同。试比较下列两组句子：She said she was a doctor. 她说她是位医生。（说话时仍为医生）She said she had been a doctor.她说她曾当过医生（说话时已不是）She said she had been a doctor for twenty years.她说她当过20年的医生。（主要强调说话时已当过20年医生，此状态可能已经结束，也可能还没有） 但是，如果从句中有表示具体时间的状语，则常用一般过去时。例如： He said he was born in 1986. 他说他是1986年出生的。 （2）用在含有after的主从复合句中 在含有after的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用过去完成时，主句中使用一般过去时。例如： After he had done his homework, he went out to play football. 因连词after本身能明确表示时间的先后关系，因而多数的主句和从句均使用一般过去时。例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. （3）用在含有before的主从复合句中 用在含有before的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去完成时。例如： Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping. 有时，也可以在从句中用过去完成时，主句中用一般过去时，这样就可使描述更为生动。试比较： We got to the station before the train had left. 火车尚未开动之前，我们就到了车站。 We had got to the station before the train left. 火车开出之前，我们就已经到了车站。 像after一样，before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系，故多数主从句均使用一般过去时，而无需使用过去完成时。例如：Many people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完，许
一般过去时与过去完成时的区别 一般过去时表示 (1) 过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作），也 可以表示 (2) 过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过 去一般过去时的基本用法 1 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时注意在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。 2 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过 上下文来表示 3表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与 always ， never 等连用。 4如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do 5有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话， 也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！动词过去时规则变化 1 直接加 ed 2 以不发音的 e 结尾的， +d 3以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 加 ed 4以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母 +ed 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的基本用法 1 ）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通 过上下文来表示 。（ 2 ）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 （3 ）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时， 常使用过去完成时。 （4 ）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用（ 5）过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 在包含有 when, until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，
①一般过去时的基本用法 a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间连用. a moment ago(刚才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(刚才)等。 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信. c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。 She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。 d)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时. We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开。 ②一般过去时的特殊用法 a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。 I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻20岁。 b)在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你，好吗？ 现在完成时的用法: 1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，一般不与过去时间连用，常同already, just, yet等状语连用例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了） She has lost her bike. 她把自行车丢了。（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了） 2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连，也同“for+时间段”或“since＋时间点”的状语连用 She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。 I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别（详细点） 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表
现在完成时专项练习 一、用since和for填空 1______ two years 2_______ two years ago 3_______lastmonth 4______1999 5 _______ yesterday 6 _______ 4 o’clock 7 ______ 4 hours 8_______ an hour ago 9_______ we were children 10 _____ lunch time 11 ______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16 It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 17 How long have you been here?-______ half past three. 18How long has that car been here?-______ yesterday. 19 How long have you been in this school?-______ four years. 20 How long has that boy been in your class?-______ six weeks. 21 How long have you lived here?-______ 1996 二、用have(has) been、have(has) gone 、have/has been to/in, have gone to填空。 1、A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. 2、Where is Jack? He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back. How long _____ he _____ this village? The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. I _____ this school since three years ago. 三、选择填空
现在完成时与一般过去时专项练习 每日一句 God helps those who help themselves. Review 单项选择题 1.Mother _____ me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i) 3.Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up there ! A. has got…is B. has climbed…was C. got …was D. climbed…is 4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did B. Have…copied…have C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had 5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .” A. did…get…shouted B. has…got…shouted C. di d…get…has shouted D. has…got…has shouted 6. ______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ? A. Have …seen…did…see B. Did …see…did…watch C. Have…seen…have…seen D. Did …see…have…seen 7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five. A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited 8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour. A.has…been…has gone B. has…gone…has been C. did…go…went D. did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying. A. Has…cried…has stopped B. Is…crying…stopped C. Did …cry…stopped D. Is…crying…has stopped 10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years. A. knew...have lived B. kne w (iv) C. know...have lived D. know (iv) Summary 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 （一）一般过去时态和现在完成时态的概念 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与yesterday, yesterday afternoon, last year, in 1965, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用, 例如： He came here yesterday. 现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的_________, 例如： He has broken his bottle.
一般过去时 1.表过去发生的事情或存在的状态 eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. 2.表过去经常发生的事情 eg I was very thin in my childhood. 3.带有确定的过去的时间状语 eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now. We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 He said he would wait until they came back. 常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。 使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。"过去"的时间概念有两层意思：一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间；二是指"说话、写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间， 注意：用于某些特殊结构中表示现在： It’s time we star ted. 我们该动身了。 I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。 I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。 【注】该用法主要用于it’s time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形，其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来： I’d rather you came next Monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。 另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在： If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。 过去进行时 1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作 eg At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article. What were you doing at eight last night ? 2.用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况 eg One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke … 主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作，所以，句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语，词组，或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。 3)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如： She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。 过去完成时 1、发生在“过去的过去”