A
accustom [?'k st?m] vt.
使习惯于:You must accustom yourself to the new environment. 你必须使自己适应新环境。alienate ['eilj?neit] vt.
①vt.使疏远，使不友好，离间；【律】转让，让与（财产等）：His attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith. 他离间那两个朋友的企图失败了,因为他们彼此完全信任。
②alienator n.疏远者，赠与者，转让者
allegiance [?'li:d??ns] n.
①（对国家、政府、事业、个人等的）忠诚,效忠，忠贞：
I owe allegiance to only one boss--and she sits right over there in that box.我只对一个人忠贞，她就在这包厢里坐在我的身旁。
②臣服义务,效忠义务：Soldiers must swear allegiance to the King.战士们必须对国王宣誓效忠。
ape [eip]
①n.无尾猿、类人猿；猴；粗野的大汉；模仿者，学样的人：Ape conservation tackles both of these issues head on. 保护猿可以解决即将面临的这两个问题。
②vt.模仿，学样，抢台词：Over the past half-century many people have tried to ape its success.半个世纪以来，许许多多的人都在想模仿她的成功。③adj.疯狂的，狂热的：go ape ④ape 的变形： apelike，aper n.模仿者
archaeology [,ɑ:ki'?l?d?i]
n.考古学，（某民族的）文化遗迹，古迹：Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline.考古学是历史学的一个来源，而不是地位卑微的辅助学科。
B
Bail1 [beil]
①n.【律】保释金，保释人，保释：He was freed on bail pending an appeal. 他被保释，等候上诉。
②vt.保释（某人），将（在押犯）交保释：The bank helped to bail out the struggling company. 银行搭救了那家陷于困境的公司
Bail2 [beil]
①n.戽斗，桶；
②vt.舀（水），从（船）中舀水(out) ；
③vi.舀出船舱里的水：We kept her afloat for a couple of hours by bailing frantically. 我们拼命往外舀水让船漂浮了几个小时。
④ bailer n.水斗，舀出船舱水的人
Bail3 [beil]
n.（城堡的）外层防卫桩，栅栏；（厩内的）横栏；（板球的）三柱门上的横木
Bail4 [beil]
n.(车棚等)半圆形棚架；（壶、桶等的）半圆形拎环；（打字机上的）压纸杆；（挤乳时）扣住母牛头部的闸架
blog [bl?g] n.
博客，网络日志：You probably wouldn’t be reading this or my blog if someone hadn’
t directed you to me. 如果没有人向你介绍我的文章的话，你也许不会读这篇文章或者是我的博客。
botany ['b?t?ni] n.
植物学，（某地区的）植物：To what degree are you interested in botany?你对植物学的兴趣达到什么程度?
buzz [b?z]
①n.嗡嗡声，蜂音；嘁嘁喳喳，噪杂声；忙乱：We live in the buzz.我们生活在忙乱中。
②vi.（蜂等）嗡嗡叫，（机器等）营营响；忙碌，忙乱，急行；嘁嘁喳喳，说闲话；
③vt.使嗡嗡叫，使营营响，私下说出（或传播），嘁嘁喳喳地表示
C
censorship ['sens??ip] n.
审查制度，审查机构：The government today announced that press censorship was being lifted. 该政府今日宣告说正在撤销新闻审查。
comet ['k?mit]
①n.【天】彗星：I can hardly wait to see the new comet. 我急不可待地要见到新彗星的出现。②cometary adj.彗星的，彗星似的
contagious [k?n'teid??s]
adj.接触传染的，有触染性的；（情绪等）感染性的，蔓延的：Laughing is contagious. 笑是有感染力的。
converge [k?n'v?:d?]
①vi.（道路、车辆、人群等）会合，集中；为共同利益（或目的等）会聚，趋同；【数】收
敛：As they flow south, the five rivers converge. 这5条河向南流，最终汇合在一起。②vt.使会合，使集中，使会聚：The key to his victory was to make the artillery converge on one point.集中大炮火力于某一点，那便是他胜利的秘诀。
culprit ['k?lprit] n.
犯人，罪犯，罪魁祸首：The culprit is the rising price of fabric.这种状况的罪魁祸首是原材料价格上涨。
D
daunt [d?:nt] vt.
威吓，使胆怯，使气馁：Unarmed policemen did not daunt him, neither did the cars in the streets.不要说是个赤手空拳的巡警，就是那满街横行的汽车，他也不怕。
debut ['deibju:]
①n.初进社交界，（演员的）首次演出，首次露面；②v.首次演出：He decided to debut with several other violinists.他决定与其他几名小提琴手一起首次登台演出。
default [di'f?:lt]
①n.不履行，违约，拖欠；【体】弃权；【律】未到庭：② vi. 不履行，拖欠：~ on one's loans 不偿还贷款：Banks, meanwhile, fear that some of their cash-strapped customers may default.同时，银行害怕一些资金缺乏的客户会不履行义务。
defendant [di'fend?nt]
①n. 【律】被告：The defendant is appearing in the court. 那名被告正在出庭受审。②adj. 处
于被告地位的
defer [di'f?:]
①vi. (deferred ，deferring) 听从，遵从：You should defer to your father's wish.你必须服从你父亲的心愿。②vt.&vi. (deferred ，deferring) 推迟，（使）延期，（使）迟延：When you defer design decisions, you're reserving your option to change.当您推迟设计决定时，您是在保留对更改的选择。
③deferrer n.推迟者，延期者，顺从者
deplore [di'pl?:]
①vt.哀叹，悲叹，哀悼；强烈反对，谴责：Nor is sharia law the rigid system that many Westerners deplore. 伊斯兰法律并不像许多西方人谴责的那样死板严苛。②deploringly adv.
diabetes [,dai?'bi:ti:z] n.
【医】糖尿病：It is like diabetes or asthma, an illness, due to a build up of pressures, which can happen to anyon e. 就像是糖尿病或者哮喘，由于压力的形成，这种病有可能发生在任何人身上。dinosaur ['dain?s?:]
①n.【古生】恐龙，庞然大物，保守、顽固的人：But what about other dinosaur relatives that are alive today?那么今日仍幸存的恐龙亲戚们是什么情况呢？②dinosaurian n.恐龙；③adj.恐龙似的
dioxide [dai'?ksaid] n.
【化】二氧化物：Every country, this system proposes, should end up with the same quota of carbon dioxide per pe rson.这个系统建议，每一个国家的人均二氧化碳排放量都应该是同样的。
E
①n. 胚，胚胎，胎儿；（事物的）初期，萌芽期，萌芽状态的事物：One part will become the placenta, the other the embryo.一部分将变成胎盘，另一部分则变成胚胎。②adj. 胚胎的，初期的，萌芽期的，未成熟的；③embryonal adj. 胚胎的，牙胚的endorse [in'd?:s]
①vt. 赞同，支持，认可；在（支票等）背面签名，背书，签署（书名）；签（注），批准（公文等）；为（产品等）代言：I endorse him, and throw my full support behind him.我赞同他，并尽我所能在背后支持他。
②endorsable adj.可背书的，可担保的，可批准的，可承认的
ethic['eθik] n.
标准理论，道德准则（或体系）Anything that encourages a work ethic and sense of family duty is a good thing.任何能够鼓励工作伦理及家庭责任感的事情都是好事情。
F
fiscal [fisk?l]
①adj. 国库的，（政府）财政的：~ policy财政政策；This is not quite an act of fiscal unification.这实际上并不是一种统一财政的行为。
②n. 印花税票，财政年度，会计年度；③fiscally adv.财政上
franchise ['fr?nt?aiz]
①n. 特许，特许经营（权）；特许经营的商店；公民权，选举权；〈美口〉职业运动队：It still collects franchise and management fees.它仍旧收取特许经营费和管理费。②vt. 给…以特许（经营权），给予…公民权（或选举权）
①n. 自由职业者：I work freelance . I have a lot of free time on my hands.我作自由作家，我有很多空闲时间。②vi. 当自由职业者：Because the reason you freelance is for the freedom, right?你选择做自由职业者的原因就是自由，是吧？
③adj. 自由职业的；④adv. 以自由职业者身份
G
genre [???r?] n.
（文艺作品的）样式，体裁；【总称】风俗画（亦作genre painting）:Most of the works on show are landscape and genre paintings in various styles. 展出的大部分作品是各种风格的风景画和风俗画。
glacier ['ɡl?sj?] n.
冰川The glacier calved a large iceberg. 冰川崩解而产生一个大冰山。
guild [ɡild] n.
行会，同业公会，（互助性的）协会:A guild is a group of players that work under the same banner. 行会是一群工作在同一面旗帜下的玩家的集合
H
herald ['her?ld]
①n. 传令官，通报者，使者，预言者，先驱:'Herald, read the accusation! ' said the King. “传令官，宣读起诉书。”国王宣布说。
②vt. 宣布，通报，预示…的来临:But that does not herald harmony.但是，这并非预示着和谐的来临。
hormone ['h?:m?un]
①n.【生化】激素:From a marriage perspective, love your body because it supplies you with oxytocin (the "love hormone").从婚姻的角度看，爱上你的身体因为它给了你荷尔蒙。
②horlmonal、hormonic adj.荷尔蒙的，激素的
hygiene ['haid?i:n] n.
卫生，卫生学，保健学：Many diseases proceed from negligence of hygiene.许多疾病源于不讲卫生。
I
inaugurate [i'n?:ɡjureit]
①vt. 开始，开展；为…举行就职典礼，使正式就任；为…举行开幕式，为…举行落成（或通车等）仪式：We would thereby inaugurate a new era of closer ties with continental Europeans.我们会因此开辟一个与欧洲大陆人联系更加密切的新纪元。
②inaugurator n.开创者，举行就职典礼者
ivory ['aiv?ri]
①n. 象牙，长牙,牙质；象牙色，乳白色；(仿）象牙制品；高级白板纸：It is carved from ivory.它是用象牙雕成的。②adj. 象牙制成的，似象牙的；象牙色的，乳白色的，
L
lyric ['lirik]
②n. 抒情诗，抒情作品；（尤指流行歌曲的）歌词：This lyric sings well. 这首抒情诗唱起好
听。
②adj.适于演奏（或歌唱）的；抒情的；（感情、风格等）奔放的，不拘束的；（嗓音）柔和
优美的：To drink one last cup of coffeeat the Lyric Bistro in Clayton.在克莱顿的抒情的小酒馆再喝上最后一杯咖啡。
M
marathon ['m?r?θ?n]
①n. 【体】马拉松赛跑,（游泳、滑冰等）长距离耐力比赛,马拉松式的活动（或事件、会议等）；长期（或艰巨的）任务：Or you could run one marathon a year, every year.或者你可以一年之内，跑完一场马拉松，年年如此。
②adj. 马拉松式的,长期（或艰巨）的：a ~ effort长期
艰苦的努力；
③vi. 参加马拉松式的比赛、活动）；④marathoner n.马拉松运动员
memorandum [,mem?'r?nd?m] n.
（【复】 ~s或memoranda）备忘录，（契约等条文的）节略，便笺，便函A memorandum is a communication within an organization.备忘录是一个单位内部的通讯。module ['m ju:l ] n.
组件、部件、模块、（教育）单元,（宇宙飞船上各个独立的）舱：Switch from one module to another.从一个模块转换到另一个模块。
N
neutron ['nju:tr ] n.
【物】中子：However, it does have one neutron.但是，它有一个中子。
nostalgic [n?'st?ld?ik ]
①adj. 恋旧的，怀旧的：His hits have suddenly become the nostalgic sound track of summer 2009.
他的音乐已经突然间成为2009年夏天怀旧的声音②n. 怀旧的人；
③nostalgically adv.怀乡地，恋旧地
O
obesity [?u'bi:s?ti] n.
肥胖（症）：How, then, do we go about addressing obesity? 那么，我们该如何对付肥胖问题呢？
overhaul [,?uv?'h?:l]
②vt. 解体检修、大修，详细检查；彻底革新（或改革），全面修订；
②n. 解体检修、大修，详细检查；彻底改革,全面修订：This engine needs an overhaul.这台发动机需要检修。
P
plaintiff ['pleintif] n. 【律】原告，起诉人When the court session opens, the court invites the plaintiff to state his case.当开庭的那一天到来，在开庭后，法庭会要求原告陈述他的案情。
portfolio [p?:t'f?ulj?u ] n.
公事包，文件夹,部长职务，投资组合，有价证券财产目录，（艺术家等的）代表作选辑，（金融）总资产:If you own more than one security, you have an investment portfolio.如果您有多于一种的证券，那么您就有一个投资的组合。
R
recession [ri'se∫n ] n.
（经济的）衰退（期），不景气；后退，退回，撤回；凹处；（基督教做完礼拜后牧师和唱诗
班的）退场（行列）:We have shifted from depression to recession.我们已经从萧条转向衰退。redeem [ri'di:m]
①vt. 赎回，弥补，挽回，偿还；拯救，【宗】（上帝）救赎；履行（诺言等），践（约）；兑换（纸币、证劵等）成硬币（或金、银、现金），凭（赠券等）取物:She is going to redeem her diamond ring.她将赎回她的钻石戒指。②redeemable adj.可赎回的，可偿还的，可挽救的；③redeemer n.救世主，偿还者
rehearse [ri'h?:s]
v. 排练，演练，训练（某人）；详述，复述:This is why you have to rehearse your opening and your closing so much.这就是为什么你应该对开场和结尾多加排练。
S
salient ['seilj?nt]
①adj. 显著的，突出的，凸起的；（水等）喷射的，涌出的:One of the most salient features of our culture is that there is so much [bull].我们的文化最显著的特色之一就是有太多的扯淡。
②n. 凸出物，突出部分；
scenario [si'nɑ:ri?u] n.
剧本提纲，（小说的）情节梗概，电影脚本；方案，设想:What is so galling about this scenario is that it is avoidable. 这种情景之所以让人如此难堪，是因为它是可以避免的。
snobbish [ 'sn?bi? ]
①adj. 势利的，谄上欺下的，自以为懂行的:I think everyone's inherently snobbish.我认为，人
人生来势利。②snobbishly adv. ③snobbishness n.势利
stagnant ['st?ɡn?nt ]
①adj. 停滞的，不流动的，污浊的,迟钝的，呆笨的,萧条的，不景气的:Their national economy is stagnant. 他们的国家经济停滞不前。
②stagnancy n.停滞，迟钝，萧条，不景气；③stagnantly adv.
statistics [st?'tistiks] n.
统计，统计资料，统计学:Statistics suggest that the population of this country will be double in ten years' time. 统计显示，这个国家人口在10年内将增加一倍。
T
taboo [t?'bu:]
①n. 禁忌，忌讳，禁忌的事物【语】禁忌语；
②adj. 禁忌的，忌讳的，禁止的:This topic is taboo on the campus .校园里忌讳讨论这个话题.
③vt. 把…列为禁忌，禁止，抵制与…往来
toil [t l]
①vi. 苦干，辛劳从事（于）；艰苦地行动，跋涉；②n. 苦工，苦活，难事；网，罗网，圈套，陷阱，困境:He succeeded after years of toil.他在多年的辛劳后成功. ③toiler n.劳动者，辛苦工作的人.
transit [tr?nsit ]
①n. 运输，运输路线，经过，通行；过境，中转，转变；【天】经纬仪，（机场内的）中转候机处:There is more to the rivalry between rail and air than the experience in transit, however.然而，铁路和航空除了运输的经历外还有更多相竞争的方面。
②v. 通过，运输，转运：~ the canal通过运河；
turmoil ['t?:m?il] n.
骚动，混乱，喧嚷:And yet the anger and turmoil of that period never entirely drained away. 但那个时期爆发的怒火和动荡从未完全销声匿迹。
V
vaccine ['v?ksi:n] n.
【医】疫苗，【计】疫苗（程序）:Why do we not yet have an effective vaccine?
为什么我们至今还没有一种有效疫苗？
1、合适的单词书 考研英语考试大纲要求我们学习的单词量是5500个词汇，因此背单词是一个浩大的工程，选择自己比较喜欢的版本。换句话说，自己看起来比较舒服，不会感到很枯燥即可。目前单词书的形式比较多的有两种，一种是顺序单词书，也就是单词书中的词汇是按照由A-Z排列，还有一种是乱序，也就是书中的词汇是无序的排列的。考生可以选择适合自己的单词书。而且作为在职人员，本身学习是时间就不是很充足，考生需要一边工作一边学习，所以考生可以下载背单词的软件，利用空闲时间去记忆单词，提高背单词的效率。 2、合理安排时间表 考生在复习的时候，一定要知道合适的计划表，按照时间安排，保证每天一定量的单词记忆，利用自己每天的空闲时间，节省出来进行背单词，可以采取一些方法。例如做做小纸条，每天把几个小纸条带到身上，在平时闲暇的时间都可以拿出来看看，到了晚上复习复习自己白天所看的词汇。这样经过日积月累就会发现自己的词汇量增多。考生一定要记得不能往后推，一定要按计划表去完成每天的任务量，不然你会越积越多的。复习的前期我们可以花费的时间多一些，每天的单词学习一小时，内容为地毯式扫盲复习;中期，每天的学习时间是半小时，内容为历年真题单词为主;后期的冲刺内骨，每天的学习时间为10分钟，内容为高频单词。 3、词根词缀记忆法 考生在记忆单词的时候，如果只是机械性的记忆、背诵。这样考生就觉得无趣，单词记忆效率也会下降。因此，考生在记忆单词的时候，可以使用词根词缀记忆法，词根词缀就像是记忆单词的指点，掌握一定数量的词根词缀，就可以举一反三，了解许多由它构成的单词，扩大词汇量。利用一些单词记忆小技巧，增加单词记忆的趣味性，提高记忆效率。 4、使用单词的软件 除了纸质版的单词书外，我们还可以通过各种单词学习软件来学习单词。给各位的建议是，以纸质版的单词书为主，辅之以单词学习软件。单词学习软件可以在零散的时间，比如吃饭的时候、睡觉之前，或者坐车的时候都可以用来记忆单词，提高学习效率。 5、利用历年真题 历年真题的考生备考中的重要参考资料，考生一定要充分利用历年真题，在做历年真题的时候，往往有很多词汇出现的频率不止一次，这些高频词汇需要考生重点对待。往往那些在真题中出现的高频词汇，也会有很大可能在这次考试中出现。因此考生记录下这些词汇，反复记忆。
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ___3___ seemingly innocent, th is loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.
2014年考研英语一真题答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that ther e’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___. The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why 2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses
一直靠着看论坛上其他人的帖子学习经验,所谓前人栽树后人乘凉,我也写写我的经验给后面的战友一点启示。 英语 80分,阅读错 1个,完型填空错 8个。客观 54分。 先说说个人情况,四级 560,六级 540(下面有人说炫耀,我写出来只是供参考个人基础,因为在牛人,牛校的学生面前太一般,下面的文章也是,牛人看过就罢了吧个人基础还是可以的,阅读是强项,写作偏弱。 正文分几个部分写:使用的书籍、备战过程和题型分析 (一书籍 1、新东方单词红宝书:新版的是乱序的,绿色的,不过我个人比较喜欢按顺序背就买了这个版本,因为按着顺序有助于回忆一些类似的单词。这本单词书五星推荐。 2、张剑阅读 150篇(基础训练:张剑的阅读很多人说出题思路很奇怪,没意思,其实我当时做的时候也是觉得题目有些太偏,找一些不起眼的句子出题目,所以错得也是蛮多的。后来逐渐的看了些帖子,想明白了一件事,也希望大家在准备阅读的时候注意:一般的阅读材料,不要在乎你错多错少,这不是关键,重要的是你理清他的行文思路,看懂文章说了些什么,知道中心大意和每一段的大致意思,同时把一些生词 (大纲出现的为主记下来,这篇就算过了,以后看不看无所谓的。上面是总的思路, 用其他的阅读书也这么做就好了。这本阅读三星推荐。 3、张剑阅读 150篇(提高训练:比基础版稍微编排的用心点,题目没那么怪异,和真题思路也接近了一些。做的时候总的思路还是按上面的。这本阅读四星推荐。 4、张剑新题型:专门的新题型的书比较少,这本比新东方的稍微好点,因为新东方我也买了,个人觉得很烂,字体很独特,纸张也不好,我用张剑系列的一大原因就是质量好O(∩ _∩ O~。这本书三星半推荐。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have1that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an4of good health. Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined 6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI. Today we have a(an)14to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes16with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.17very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign20childhood obesi-ty,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured 2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome 3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore 4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example 5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern 6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of 7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies 8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part 9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward 10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless 11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste 12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay 13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant 14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency 15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored 16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
2014考研英语阅读理解原文之英语一text4 Illiberal Education and the 'Heart of the Matter' A new report on the humanities and social sciences misses a big reason they're in trouble. By PETER BERKOWITZ June 30, 2013 6:27 p.m. ET 'The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences, with Duke University President Richard Brodhead and retired Exelon CEO John Rowe as co-chairmen. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st
本文集资料共4个分类：学习方法、记忆方法、快速阅读、潜能开发。每个分类都有多个资料，可在百度文库、新浪爱问共享、豆丁文库中直接搜索：“学习方法：”“记忆方法：”“快速阅读：”“潜能开发：”，即可找到更多资料。 对于很多同学来说，记单词是最头痛的一件事。在学外语所花费的时间中，记单词占的比重最大。相对于语法而言，词汇的记忆量约占90%。因此，根据记忆的科学规律来研究高效率的外语单词学习方法具有重要的意义。 一般的说，掌握英语单词没有什么捷径可走，词汇记忆方法也很多，但记得词汇记忆的一个最基本原则：你绝对不能只用一种方法来记忆，组合使用多种方法来刺激记忆。 下面列举几种记忆方法 1、词根词缀法 词根词缀记忆法解决的是词汇微观记忆问题。它的特点是充分利用单词的构词规律，通过掌握一组单词的共同词根或词缀，达到成串记忆单词的目的。比如知道able，abil 的意思 是capable 能，就可以知道able，enable，unable，ability，capable等都是和能力和才干有 关系的；如果知道act=to do，to drive做，干，驱动那么记忆act，action，actor，actress,active ,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor，interact，transaction等就非常简单了。知道了part=to separate的意思是分离，分开更可以记住一长串单词：parcel，park，partly，partial，partner，party，participate，participant，particle，particular,apart, apartment，department，compartment，depart，part，partion 。类似的词根还有很多。 2、基本义联想法 这种方法利用多义单词的意义扩展规律，首先抓住单词最基本的意思，然后根据其他词义与基本义的联系来轻松地记忆单词。比如：我们知道immediate(ly)的基本意思是“中间没 有间隔地”就可以较容易地记住它的三个意思：1) (时间)立刻；2)(空间)紧挨，紧接，紧跟；3) (关系)直接。 3、形义联想法 这种方法的做法是找出单词之间形状和意义的共同特点，利用他们的共同特点展开记忆。如我们对ball，ballet，balloon，ballot，bullet等几个词就可以做这样的联想记忆。，即他们都和球有着意义是上的联系。balloon是体积较大的气球，ballot是用来投票的纸球，bullet 是体积较小的金属球。再比如：brace(支柱，支架)，bracket(托架，括号) brake(闸，刹车)，branch(分叉，树枝) 等几个词当中都包含了br，而它像张开两手向前作“抱”的姿势。这 几个单词的汉语意思当中也都包含一个，抱或托的形象。 4、趣味造句法 此方法是用一个有趣的句子将一组词串起来。比如baby,bachelor,bacon，bad，badly,bacteria，balance 等几个词在拼写和意义上都没有什么联系，我们可以通过一个例子将它们贯穿。A bachelor without a baby lost his balance and fell ill badly because he has some
2014年真题一 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s act ually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___. The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why 2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses 3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While 4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure 5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook
考研英语单词：背完就忘，你需要关联 记忆 说到考研单词5500，几乎所有的同学都感到无力。首先从数量上会觉得是难以逾越的“高山”;其次是在一篇不到400字的考研阅读文章里，完全陌生的单词总有那么一些，对于四级没有过的学生可能是读到文章结束也依然云里雾里。好不容易看到几个认识的单词，却发现那些了然于胸的意思放在眼前的文章里是怎么看怎么不顺眼。为了考上心目中的学校，为了那个在远方的“她”或“她”，我们终于还是拿起那本曾被多次丢弃的“词汇书”，用尽所有的力气从头读到尾，结果睡了一觉发现，“因为单词，在那个地方，就算经常会去那里游荡，还是背完就忘。” 所以我们都开始询问，我们到底如何来记单词?更准确的说如何来识记考研单词。在这里老师建议，无论怎样，请不要将单词和考研隔离开来?这里不是纯粹为了比词汇量，这里是为了参加考试。那么我们是否可以有针对性地去关注一下单词在考研里是以何种方式来考的，找到这个问题的答案，才是解决问题的第一步。那单词在考研中是如何考察的呢? 第一种情况：单词，我真的记住你了吗?来看下面一道题： 1. The oppressed freedom. A. Demand B. require C. request 这道题应该是很多人看完都想撞墙的那种，因为答案都有“要求，需求”的意思。那选哪一个呢?我门来看一下英汉词典对这三个单词的解读： demand：ask for firmly, unwilling to accept a refusal.强烈地要求，并不情愿接受拒绝 require：the ruler set a rule with the expectation that it will be obeyed.统治者期望自己的命令规定会被遵守。(如老师要求你完成作业，老板要求你完成工作) request：ask for politely.礼貌地要求 那么当我们看到这里的时候，心里就明白了。答案为A。其实这种类型的词汇题在考研当中会有出现，特别是在完型填空里。那么这也在告诉我们准备考研词汇时，那些词义相近的单词，我们应该记到哪种程度。很多人会问，那我怎么知道精确到如此的单词含以上的差别呢。这里强烈推荐大家身边有一本牛津字典，因为那里有英文注释。而英文注释恰恰是解决词义辨析的杀手锏。 除了查字典之外，我觉得这样的问题还能通过一种方式来解决。哪种方式呢?例句。 第二种情况：曾经认识的词，我们真的很“熟”吗?还是让我们来看一道考研真题：The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of education.(2008 use of English) A. Assessing B. supervising C. administering D. Valuing 在这里根据句义很快排除了B和C,但是A和D的意思似乎又撞架了。其实，如果仔细再看一遍题干的话，会发现结合上下语境，这里要填充的意思应是“重视教育的根深蒂固的传统”，所以只要找出具有“重视”含义的选项即可，但是似乎选项里没有这样的单词。其实，如果我们去查阅字典的话，V ALUE当动词讲的时候具有“重视”的意思。其实这就是我们一直强调的考研中的“熟词僻意”现象。这种单词比比皆是，越是简单的初高中词汇，在考研里考的越不是我们想当然的意思，而是我们忽略掉的生僻义。 所以我们在准备考研5500的时候，除了2500个四六级高难度词汇外，那3000个初高
考研英语单词记忆有法可循各类型单 词记忆技巧 考研词汇是基础，这个无需多说。但提起考研单词的记忆，很多考生头疼不已。花费了大量时间和精力不说，效果却差强人意，甚至很多同学因为考试中词汇“不给力”而使长达一年的努力付诸东流。对此，我们调查发现，很多考生在单词记忆中存在很多误区：1)死记硬背;2)只记字面意思;3)记忆方法单一;4)词汇记忆缺少主次之分;5)词典工具书使用不当。 其实，考研单词的记忆是有法可循的。5500大纲词汇考查方式有差异，考生应根据不同类别单词的特点采用不同的方法、有针对性的记忆，以便事半功倍。在此，我们将5500大纲词汇分为核心级词汇、拔高级词汇和基础级词汇。 一、核心级词汇 语法学家把词汇分成两类，即产出性词汇和接受性词汇。那些需要正确运用、说得出、用得上、出现在口语或写作中的词汇被称之为产出性词汇;而那些只需认识、看得懂、听得明、出现在阅读或听力的词汇被称之为接受性词汇。所以核心级词汇的全称应该是“考研英语阅读核心级接受性词汇”，鉴于考研阅读的重要地位(得阅读者得考研)，我们应该首先解决核心级词汇，这属于考研单词“量”的问题。试想一下，一篇400多字的传统阅读或新型阅读如果有五六十单词都不认识，任何解题技巧都是不好使的，没有单词的“量”，自然难以取得单词的“质”。虽然要先解决，但是核心级的词汇学习起来其实不难，只要保证能看懂其大义，能够获取某一文字区块的大致信息就可以解题(核心级词汇不像基础级词汇那样考查多变意思。 核心级词汇既然主要是在阅读中起接受信息的作用，那么正确理解其构成的密码就比死记硬背更为重要。按照教育部考试中心的要求，考研英语的考生应该掌握一定的词汇生成和词源的知识，我们将部分能够分解的词汇进行了词汇学的解构，即通过词缀等构件来推导整个单词的大义。一般同学在注意到了在“明”的普通词汇(如“see”)，而忽视在“暗”的(如“【vis】”)。殊不知，只有掌握了一定数量的词缀，然后不断变化组合，才能快速将核心级词汇全部解码。 对于此部分词汇，考生可根据词频高低，从单词词义、常见搭配、派生词等，并结合真题例句加以理解记忆。 二、拔高级词汇 此处所谓的“拔高级词汇”包括零频词汇和超纲词汇。所谓零频词就是我们平常见得不多，以前见到的大都是其同义词的这一类词汇。对于这类词汇考研英语考试一般考查其常用词义而非灵活运用。超纲词汇语言变化相对较少，意义相对稳定，往往和某种语体和专业相关，如经济词汇、科学词汇(网络通信、地理天文、生物医学)、人文词汇(社会生活、历史文化、政治法律)、情感态度(消极态度、积极态度)等等。 根据零频词和超纲词的特点，可以通过以下方法记忆： 1.例句记忆法。利用典型例句记忆单词经典意义。记忆单词时，我们可以背诵典型例句来夯实用法。这就为词汇的记忆设置了一个场景，不仅让记忆深刻，还可以记住单词的搭配。例如，记忆accordance一词时可利用例句——I am in accordance with him in this matter. (在这件事情上，我同他是一致的。)大家不仅可以通过语境来熟悉单词，还熟知了in accordance with 这样一个常见用法。通过这样的方法，达到“一石二鸟”的效果。
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actuall y a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, 1
考研英语单词记忆法单词记忆法一、例句记忆法我们在学习英语的时候老师就是常常给我们写例句的，当然就是要我们单词以及它的用法，用这种方法记词汇的时候是很快的，因为我们已经首先知道了它的用法。这样既能记住单词又能用单词。 单词记忆法二、词根词缀法根据科学研究表明这种方法是最科学的，它的特点是充分利用单词的构词规律，通过掌握一组单词的共同词根或词缀，达到成串记忆单词的目的。例如如果我们知道了act=to do，to drive “做、干、驱动”那么记忆act ，action ，actor ，actress, active ,activity, activate, actual, transaction 等就非常简单了。类似的词根还有很多，需要同学们在学习的过程中加强总结和积累，学会运用相同的词根去成串记忆变化前缀和后缀组合出的单词。 单词记忆法三、联想记忆法很多单词都有相似的地方，有的就是一两个字母是不一样的首先抓住单词最基本的意思，然后根据其他词义与基本义的联系来轻松地记忆单词。例如表示否定的前缀：“in - ，il- ，un- 等。了解了动词的后缀-ee 表示动作的受动者， 而–er 表示动作的实施者，那么记忆employer 和employee 就显得容易多了。 当然好的记忆方法离不开好的记忆，我们的记忆也是有规律的，人的遗忘速度是先快后慢，如果合理安排复习，记忆效率最高。不合理安排记忆效果次之，如果不复习，记忆效果最差。所以
在记完词汇的时候我们还不能忘记复习，如果一遍就能记住词汇的话那真的是天才，相信在现实中普通人还是多的。 再说一下记忆时间方法，我们在记单词的时候，并不是要在规定的时间内，只要是我们有时间就可以记单词，数学学累了我们也可以复习单词。我们可以利用平时琐碎的时间记单词。 单词记忆法四、自制卡片记忆法 这个方法非常实用，我们可以随时携带、随时查看，至于采用怎么样的记忆方法大家可以慢慢总结，慢慢摸索，只要肯努力，一定可以实现很多; 单词记忆法五、计算机辅助类法 此方法如果想行之有效的话可能需要费点心思了，因为我们不可能随时携带电脑，但是对于那些在职考研的朋友们可能比较实用，因为可以随时查阅电脑。 单词记忆法六、单词分解记忆法 这是我们征服单词这一关的最便捷的方法，也是最容易操作的方法的一种，因为这是单词最本质的内容所在，我们可以通过分解单词的前缀、词根、后缀、派生、合成，然后 统一总结其规律，比如单词“maltreat ” 这里的前缀“mal-” 是“ 错误” 之意，“ treat ”是“对待、应对”，那么 “ maltreat ” 的意思就是“ 错误对待、虐待” 的意思了; “proceed （步伐、进步之意）” 这里的“ceed” 是“ 步伐、脚步” 之意，前缀“pro” 是“ 在。。。。前” ，这里的意