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2.情态动词的被动语态：3.一般过去时的被动语态：4.一般将来时的被动语态：5.现在进行时的被动语态：6.过去进行时的被动语态：7.现在完成时的被动语态：8.过去完成时的被动语态：9.过去将来时的被动语态：被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式, 表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系, 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
被动语态的时态：1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are + 动词的过去分词情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词was /were + 动词的过去分词will be + 动词的过去分词am /is /are +doing +动词的过去分词was/were+doing+ 动词的过去分词have /has +been + 动词的过去分词had+been + 动词的过去分词would/should+be+ 动词的过去分词二．被动语态的基本用法:(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world English is widely spoken in the world now.(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .The problem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that she was a beauty when she was young . 三．主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done , 时不变，数格必须随被变。
注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。
2. 主动、被动的句式要一致。
3. 变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
四、语态转换不被动语态的步骤1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+ 过去分词"。
第08讲一般现在时的被动语态1.掌握一般现在时的被动语态的基本构成及重点用法；2.能在具体的语境中灵活运用本节课的内容。
1.一般现在时的被动语态①一般现在时的被动语态的构成:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。
This knife is made of wood and metal.这把刀是用木头和金属制造的。
These bananas are produced in Hainan.这些香蕉产于海南。
①一般现在时的主动语态改写成被动语态的方法:将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主动句的谓语变成“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词”，将主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语(或省略)。
主动句:主语+谓语+宾语被动句:主语+am/i/are+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语Many middle school students play football.主语谓语宾语Football is played by many middle school students.许多中学生踢足球。
口诀:宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done 时不变注意：如果主动句中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。
My teacher gives me a lot of books.(主动语态)我的老师给我许多书。
主语谓语间宾直宾被动语态:（1）I am given a lot of books by my teacher.（2）A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.2.一般现在时被动语态的句式变化肯定句：主语+am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词+（by...）+其他Eg:The kite is made by Mary.这个风筝是玛丽做的。
否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+及物动词的过去分词+（by...）+其他Eg:The kite isn’t made by Mary.这个风筝不是玛丽做的。
五种常用时态的被动语态：1)一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are + doneThe house is cleaned by my mother every morning．我妈妈每天早上都打扫房子。
2)一般过去时的被动语态：was／were + doneI was beaten by someone last night．我昨晚被人打了。
3)一般将来时的被动语态：will be + doneThis boy will be expelled from the football team tomorrow．这个男孩明天将被开除出足球队。
4)完成时的被动语态：has／have／had been + doneNew Concept English has been translated into many languages．《新概念英语》已经被翻译成了许多种语言。
5)进行时的被动语态：be being + doneMy bicycle is being repaired by a garage．我的自行车正在一家修理厂里维修。
标题Not for jazz总结for的用法：1)为：I bought a book for you．我为你买了一本书。
2)因为：Something fell in，for I heard a splash．一定有东西掉下去了，因为我听见扑通一声。
4)适合：Not for jazz=It's not suitable to play jazz on the clavichord．古钢琴不适合演奏爵士乐。
Question：What happened to the clavichord?to后面加宾语，表示其身上发生了什么事，即动作的目标、对象。
What happened to you?你怎么了?(在你身上发生了什么事?)(1)否定句与疑问句的被动语态We don’t believe her．我们不信她的话。
被动语态的10种时态形式一、一般现在时的被动语态：被动语态的一般现在时表示主语在现在时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：be + done。
例如：1. The book is read by me.（这本书被我阅读。
）2. The door is locked by him.（门被他锁上了。
）二、一般过去时的被动语态：被动语态的一般过去时表示主语在过去时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：was/were + done。
例如：1. The cake was eaten by them.（蛋糕被他们吃掉了。
）2. The letter was written by me.（信被我写了。
）三、一般将来时的被动语态：被动语态的一般将来时表示主语在将来时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：will be + done。
例如：1. The report will be sent by her.（报告将会被她发送。
）2. The package will be delivered tomorrow.（包裹将在明天被送达。
）四、现在进行时的被动语态：被动语态的现在进行时表示主语在现在进行时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：am/is/are being + done。
例如：1. The car is being washed by the workers.（汽车正在被工人清洗。
）2. The project is being discussed by the team.（项目正在被团队讨论。
）五、过去进行时的被动语态：被动语态的过去进行时表示主语在过去进行时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：was/were being + done。
例如：1. The house was being renovated last month.（房子上个月正在进行装修。
）2. The document was being translated by the intern.（文件正在被实习生翻译。
被动语态的九种结构被动语态是英语中的一种语法结构，用于强调动作的承受者或对象，而不是执行者。
以下是被动语态的九种常见结构：1.一般现在时的被动语态：be + 过去分词例句：The letter is written by Tom.（这封信是汤姆写的。
）2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词例句：The book was published last year.（这本书是去年出版的。
）3.一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 过去分词例句：The project will be completed by next month.（这个项目将在下个月完成。
）4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being + 过去分词例句：The house is being decorated by the workers.（这栋房子正在被工人们装饰。
）5.过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being + 过去分词例句：The car was being repaired when I arrived.（我到达时，汽车正在被修理。
）6.现在完成时的被动语态：has/have been + 过去分词例句：The movie has been watched by millions of people.（这部电影已经被数百万人观看过。
）7.过去完成时的被动语态：had been + 过去分词例句：The assignment had been submitted before the deadline.（作业已在截止日期之前提交。
）8.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 过去分词例句：The proposal should be considered carefully.（这个提案应该被认真考虑。
）9.进行时的情态动词被动语态：情态动词 + be + being + 过去分词例句：The problem must be being discussed by the team.（这个问题一定正在团队中被讨论。
七种被动语态形式1) 一般现在时的被动语态 (am/is/are+ 过去分词)如: The work is done during two days.2) 一般过去时的被动语态 (was/were+ 过去分词)如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.3) 一般将来时的被动语态 (will/shall + be + 过去分词或 + be going to + be + 过去分词)如: The work will be finished soon.4) 现在进行时的被动语态 (is/am/are + being+ 过去分词)如: The bridge is now being constructed.5) 现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been + 过去分词)如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.6) 带情态动词的被动语态 (情态动词 + be + 过去分词)如: This can be done in a few minutes.7) 动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词)如: It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.现在完成时的被动语态其构成是: have/has been + done现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,。
如：1. The dirty clothes have been washed.脏衣服都已经洗了。
2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。
现在完成时:表示从过去持续到现在，还可能继续持续下去的动作，往往和表示一段时间的状语（for+一段时间， since…, ）等连用，或用于how long 句型中1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。
被动语态的用法1.一般现在时的被动语态构成为：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：我们的教室每天都被打扫。
我被要求努力研究。
刀子用于切割物品。
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成为：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：去年建了一家新商店。
恐龙蛋很久以前就被放置了。
3.现在完成时的被动语态构成为：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：这本书已经被翻译成了很多种语言。
很多国家已经发射了许多人造卫星。
4.一般将来时的被动语态构成为：will + be + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：我们城市将会建造一家新医院。
明年将会种更多的树。
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成为：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：年轻的树必须经常浇水。
你的错误应该立即纠正。
门可能被从里面锁上了。
你的作业可以明天交。
6.现在进行时的被动语态构成为：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：___正在修理我的自行车。
现在我的自行车正在被___修理。
他们正在那里种树。
现在树正在被他们种植。
1.不及物动词没有被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years。
Dinosaurs disappeared about 65 n years ago.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
___.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式。
在主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。
例如：make somebody do something → somebody + be + made to do something。
see somebody do somethi ng → somebody + be + seen to do something。
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by。
一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are done一般过去时的被动语态：was／were done现在完成时的被动语态：have ／has been done过去完成时的被动语态：had been done现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being done过去进行时的被动语态：was / were being done一般将来时的被动语态：shall ／will be done过去将来时的被动语态：should ／would be done含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。
3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。
例如：Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）Where _____ vegetables ______? (2002 福州) (答案: were, grown)一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are done一般过去时的被动语态：was／were done现在完成时的被动语态：have ／has been done过去完成时的被动语态：had been done现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being done过去进行时的被动语态：was / were being done一般将来时的被动语态：shall ／will be done过去将来时的被动语态：should ／would be done含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。
3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。
例如：Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）Where _____ vegetables ______? (2002 福州) (答案: were, grown)中考英语定语从句复习在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that, as ;引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why;关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.关系副词在定语从句中做状语.一.由who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词. 例如:This is the man who helped me.Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,口语中可以省略.The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后whom不能省略)The babies whom the nurses are looking for are very healthy.(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词. Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词, 作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.The letter (that//which) I received was from my father.I can’t find the lett er that//which came this morning.Do you still remember the days (that//which)we spent together ?This is the man that//who helped me.The house (that//which) we live in is not large.=The house in which we live is not large.The doctor (that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room.五. which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,修饰表示物的先行词. 先行词可以是词、短语、句子。
This is the book (which/that ) you want.The building which//that stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略) The house (which/that) we live in is not large.This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前) 六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that.①. 先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.There isn’t much (that) I can do.②. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.③. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.④. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want to read. (同一本书)----This is the same book as I want to read.⑤. 当主句以who或which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.Who is the man that is standing there ?Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this ?⑥先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.⑦time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或last 来修饰时，定语从句用that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或last 来修饰时，既可用when 也可用that来引导。
This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972.It’s time ( that ) we got up.七、as 引导的定语从句，as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与the same … as; such… as , so… as , as… as 连用。
I like the same book as you do.I want to have such a dictionary as he has.I shall do it in the same way as you did.He is the same age as you ( are ).He will give you such information as will help you.Such students as you have mentioned should be criticized.=Students such as you have mentioned should be criticized.在the same…后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：that 引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。
I want to use the same tool that I used yesterday.I want to use the same tool as I used yesterday.八、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.( 介词＋which可以代替when)I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.[I remember the days which//that we spent together.]九、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。
This is the place where we lived for five years.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.( 介词＋which可以代替where)[ This is a place which//that I wanted to visit. ]十、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。
