一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are done
一般过去时的被动语态：was／were done
现在完成时的被动语态：have ／has been done
过去完成时的被动语态：had been done
现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being done
过去进行时的被动语态：was / were being done
一般将来时的被动语态：shall ／will be done
过去将来时的被动语态：should ／would be done
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done
2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。
3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。例如：Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）
Where _____ vegetables ______? (2002 福州) (答案: were, grown)
一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are done
一般过去时的被动语态：was／were done
现在完成时的被动语态：have ／has been done
过去完成时的被动语态：had been done
现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being done
过去进行时的被动语态：was / were being done
一般将来时的被动语态：shall ／will be done
过去将来时的被动语态：should ／would be done
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done
2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。
3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。例如：Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）
Where _____ vegetables ______? (2002 福州) (答案: were, grown)
中考英语定语从句复习
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that, as ;
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why;
关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.
关系副词在定语从句中做状语.
一.由who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),
修饰表示人的先行词. 例如:
This is the man who helped me.
Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?
The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.
二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,
口语中可以省略.
The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.
The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.
=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后whom不能省略)
The babies whom the nurses are looking for are very healthy.
(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)
三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词. Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.
Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.
四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词, 作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.
The letter (that//which) I received was from my father.
I can’t find the lett er that//which came this morning.
Do you still remember the days (that//which)we spent together ?
This is the man that//who helped me.
The house (that//which) we live in is not large.
=The house in which we live is not large.
The doctor (that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room.
五. which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,
修饰表示物的先行词. 先行词可以是词、短语、句子。
This is the book (which/that ) you want.
The building which//that stands near the river is our school.
The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略) The house (which/that) we live in is not large.
This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.
(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前) 六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that.
①. 先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.
All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.
There isn’t much (that) I can do.
②. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.
The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.
This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.
③. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
④. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.
The white flower is the only one that I really like.
This is the very book that I want to read.
This is the same book that I want to read. (同一本书)
----This is the same book as I want to read.
⑤. 当主句以who或which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.
Who is the man that is standing there ?
Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this ?
⑥先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.
⑦time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或last 来修饰时，定语从句用that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或last 来修饰时，既可用when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.
The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972.
It’s time ( that ) we got up.
七、as 引导的定语从句，
as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与the same … as; such… as , so… as , as… as 连用。
I like the same book as you do.
I want to have such a dictionary as he has.
I shall do it in the same way as you did.
He is the same age as you ( are ).
He will give you such information as will help you.
Such students as you have mentioned should be criticized.
=Students such as you have mentioned should be criticized.
在the same…后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：
that 引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。
I want to use the same tool that I used yesterday.
I want to use the same tool as I used yesterday.
八、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，
做定语从句的时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.
( 介词＋which可以代替when)
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
[I remember the days which//that we spent together.]
九、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，
做定语从句的地点状语。
This is the place where we lived for five years.
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.
( 介词＋which可以代替where)
[ This is a place which//that I wanted to visit. ]
十、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。
I know the reason why he came late.
The reason why he was late was that he was ill.
============================================================= 非限定性定语从句
1. who 指人，做主语。
Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.
2. whom 指人, 作宾语.
He had many friends, many of whom had been in the universities.
3. whose 指人, 作定语.
The Chairman’s daughter, whose name is Ann, gave Tom a smile.
4. which 指物, 做主语,宾语.
His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.
The speech, which he had written on the paper, seemed endless.
5. where 指地点, 作状语.
Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. 6. when 指时间,作状语.
The meeting will be put off till next month, when we will have made all the preparations.
7. as 做主语,表语,宾语; 先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.
As we all know, he studies very hard.
As 引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经
构成固定搭配.
As everybody can see as was usual
As can be seen as I expected
As is known to all，as may be imagined
as you know as is expected
as has been said before as is reported
as is often said as is announced
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：
限定性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。
* * * * * * *
as和which 引导的非限定性定语从句的比较：
1. 非限定性定语从句位于句未，而且as 和which 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时
可互换。
He is a farmer, as/which is clear from his manner.
This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybody can see.
2.which 引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未，而as 引导的非限定性定语从句
可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。放在句首时不能用which 替换。
Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad
Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.
As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
3.as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事”，常与see，hope，expect，know，guess等动词搭配；而which引导非限定性定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以……”。
Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
4. as引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语时，其后面的谓语动词大多数必须是连系动词。如果从句谓语动词是行为动词，则必须用which。
He married her, as was natural.
She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.
It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.
He is absent, as is often the case. The end
Choose the best answers:
1. Carol said the work would be done by October, _____personally I doubt very much.
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
2. _______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It
3. The fence in our garden, ______ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. that B. which C. what D. where
4. There’s still much ______ can be improved about it.
A. which
B. that
C. if
D. what
5. When lost in work, ____ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. A. what B so C. just like D. as
6. Mr Johnson’s son, ______ lives in Chicago, is a doctor.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. which
7. We had to delay the party till next week, ______ we should have something important to do. A. when B. which C. at which D. in that
8. We traveled together as far as Chicago, ______ we said goodbye to each other.
A. which
B. when
C. why
D. where
9. I’ll never forget th e years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers ______ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which
B. when; which
C. which; that
D. when; who
10. He arrived in New York in 1896, _______, some time later, he became a writer.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
11. She may have missed her train, in ______ case she won’t arrive for another hour.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. this
12. He has made a wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which do I think is
C. I think which is
D. which I think it is
13. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that
B. when
C. during which
D. at which
14. I don’t believe the reason ______ he has given for his being late.
A. why
B. that
C. how
D. what
15. There were two small rooms in the house, ______ served as a kitchen.
A. the smaller of which
B. the small of which
C. the smaller of them
D. the smaller one
16. He lived in London for 3 years, during _____ time he learned some English.
A. this
B. which
C. that
D. same
17. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _______ stands near the post office. A. x B. in which C. that D. where
18. Alice has a large collection of photos, ______ was taken in London.
A. none of them
B. no one of which
C. all of which
D. none of which
19. His sister had become a teacher, ______ was what he wanted to be.
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. which
20. Next winter _____ you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday.
A. which
B. when
C. in which
D. where
21. With the fast development of agriculture, the people _____ village I taught before have lived a happy life. A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which
22. The boss, _____ restaurant I am serving, is a kindhearted man.
A. in which
B. in whose
C. where
D. which
23. I fell most angry about the way ______ I’ve been treated.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. how
24. He was rude to the Customs officer, _____ of course made things even worse.
A. who
B. whom
C. what
D. which
25. There is a mountain _____ the top is always covered with snow.
A. whose
B. of which
C. it’s
D. that
26. He has had the same life ______ his father lived.
A. where
B. as
C. that
D. when
27. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course,
made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what
28. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese Vase, _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
29. The Chicago Bulls was made up of the best basketball players in the States, and ____ were black Americans.
A. most of them
B. most of whom
C. most of that
D. most of which
30. “ ______ break the law should be punished,” the judge shouted.
A. Someone
B. Anyone
C. Whoever
D. Those who
31. Is there a gas station around ______ I can get some petrol.
A. which
B. what
C. where
D. that
32. Is there anything else______ you require ?
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. what
33. The last place _______ we visited was the Great Wall .
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
34. He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. when
35. The railway tunnel, through _____ the train goes will be completed soon.
A. which
B. that
C. it
D. whom
36. There is no dictionary _______you can find everything.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. in that
37. Next month, ______ you’ll spend in your hometown, is coming.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
38. Next month, ______ you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
39. He wanted to know the time ______ he needed to know.
A that B. when C. where D. what
40. There isn’t so much noise in the country _______ in big cities.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. as
41. They could only read such stories ______ had been rewritten in simple English.
A. that
B. which
C. as D what
42. Crusoe’s dog became ill and died, _______ made him very lonely.
A. as
B. which
C. that
D. this
43. _______ we know now, bats comes out only at night.
A. As
B. Which
C. That
D. What
44. John got beaten in the game, ______ had been expected.
A. as
B. that
C. what
D. who
45._______ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.
A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. As
46.I have bought two ballpens, ______writes well.
A. none of which
B. neither of which
C. none of them
D. neither of them
47. There are two thousand students in our school, ________ are girls.
A. of whom two-thirds
B. two-third of them
C. two-third in them
D. two-thirds in which
48. Do you know the man _________?
A. whom I spoke
B. to who I spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
49. This is one of the best films ________ this year.
A. have been shown
B. that have shown
C. that have been shown
D. which has been shown
50. Is _______ some German friends visited last week ?
A. this school
B. this the school
C. this school one
D. this school where
51.I’ll tell you _______ he told me last month.
A. all which
B. all what
C. that all
D. all
52. I still remember the day _____ she first wore that pink dress.
A. which
B. in which
C. on that
D. on which
53. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn ?
A. that B x C. which D. it
54.I’ve read all the books ______ were borrowed from the lib rary.
A. that
B. x
C. which
D. they
55. You can take any seat _______ is free .
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. in which
56. A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who
B. who’s
C. whose
D. which
57. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black.
A. which
B. which of
C. its
D. whose
58. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday ?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
59. He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.
A. two of whom
B. both of whom
C. both of which
D. all of whom
60. I , ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is
B. who am
C. that is
D. what is
61. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from _____ you bought last month.
A. that
B. which
C. the one
D. the one what
62. China has hundreds of islands, ________ the largest is Taiwan.
A. in which
B. at which
C. of which
D. which
63. This is the most important chapter ______ we should pay attention.
A. to whom
B. in which
C. at which
D. to which
64. Last summer we visited the West Lake ______ Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. in which
B. for that
C. in that
D. for which
65. Gone are the days ______ Shanghai was a paradise for imperialist adventures.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. during
66. The children climbed the hill, ______ they picnicked.
A. on its top
B. on the top of it
C. on whose top
D. on the top of that
67. At the school gate stands a blackboard, ______ reads “Welcome back”.
A. which
B. that
C. on which
D. where
68. _________, the compass was first in China.
A. It is known to all
B. It is known that
C. We all know
D. As is known to all
69. Jack is the only one of my friends who ______ helping me paint my house.
A. is B are C. was D. were
70. They turned out 600 washing machines, ______ are good quality.
A. most of them
B. most of which
C. most of that
D. most of where
71. We grow all our fruit and vegetables, ________ saves money, of course.
A. which
B. as
C. that
D. what
72. The people there slept on ____they called “ kang”, _____was very strange to Jenny.
A. what; which
B. where; as
C. which; it
D. that; which
MODULE 7 知识辅导 Grammar: 一般现在时的被动语态 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如： Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 一般现在时的被动语态构成：am/is/are＋p.p.（过去分词）＋（by+动作执行者）eg: 1) Shakespeare’s plays are seen by millions of people every year. 2) Confucius’ works are still read by many people today. 3) Mark Twain isn't known as a great thinker. 4) Parents are respected by Chinese people. 5) Many trees are planted along the two banks of the river. 6）___ Is the boy called Jack? ___Yes, he is / No, he isn’t . 被动语态一般用于以下几种情况： 1）要表达“被……”、“受……”、“遭……”、“让……”之类的语义。如： 教师很受尊敬。Teachers are well respected. 这孩子很招人喜爱。The child is well loved by people. 2) 强调动作接受者。如： 他远近闻名。He is known far and wide. 3）不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。如： 房子每天都有人打扫。The room is cleaned every day. 总的说来，判断该不该用被动语态是看主语是否为谓语动词的行为对象。 第 1 页
被动语态（2） 5. 带双宾语、带复合宾语的动词以及带表语的连系动词 带双宾语的动词： A 1). give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. (给某人某物) 2).offer sb sth= offer sth to sb (向某人主动提供某物) 3).hand/ pass sb sth = hand / pass sth to sb (递给某人某物) 4).tell sb sth =tell sth to sb (告诉某人某事) 5).write sb. sth = write sth to sb (给某人写封信) 6).show sb sth = show sth. to sb (给某人看某物) 7).post sb. Sth. = post sth. to sb. (给某人邮寄某物) 8).promise sb. Sth. = promise sth. to sb. (答应某人某事) 9).sell sb. Sth. = sell sth. to sb. (卖某物给某人) 10).send sb. Sth. = send sth. to sb. (送（寄给）给他一件礼物) 11).return sb. Sth. = return sth. to sb. (还给某人某物) 12).teach them a song (教某人一首歌) 13).read sb. letter = read a letter to sb. (给他读一封信) 14).wish sb. good luck.(祝愿某人交好运) 15). bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.把某物给某人带来 16). lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 17). supply sb sth.=supply sth. to sb.给某人提供某物 B 1).buy sb. Sth. = buy sth. for sb. (给某人买某物) 2).draw sb. a picture = draw a picture for sb. (给某人画画) 3).make him a cake = make a cake for him (给他们做蛋糕) 4).sing him a song = sing a song for him (给他唱首歌) 5).provide sb. sth.=provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物
一般现在时和一般过去时练习（）一、将下列句子改为被动结构： anqing bought a color TV set .______________________________________________________________ xiang mended his watch last night .________________________________________________________ made a big cake for us yesterday .________________________________________________________ painted the table green last week .__________________________________________________________ found some money lying on the floor .______________________________________________________ showed me her new skirt . _________________________________________________________________ mother made him do his homework carefully ._________________________________________________ 8. Myuncleusedupallofhismoney. _____________________________________________________________ 9. Hetoldmetowaitforhimattheschool 10. Johndidn’tanswerallthephones. ____________________________________________________________ 11. Hedidn’tseemeinthestreetyesterday.________________________________________________________ 12. DidMikebreaktheglass ___________________________________________________________________ 二、用正确的时态和语态填空 1. It is a fine day. The sun _________________(shine) brightly. 2. The students _______ often __________(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 3. Mr Brown _________________(live) in Beijing since he came to China. 4. The Smiths _________________( watch) TV at this time last night. 5. The teacher said that the moon __________(go) round the earth. 6. Apples _________________(grow) in this farm. 7. Russian _____________ (learn)as the second language by some students in China. 8. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it ______________(not rain) this Sunday. 9. Listen! They _______________(talk) about the new film. 10. My mobile phone _______________(steal) on a bus last week. 11. The Greens _________________(watch) TV now. 12. He said that he ___________________(ring) me up when he got there. 13. We _________________(learn) English for about three years. 14. The red skirt _____________(cost) the girl forty yuan. 15. You _______________(can catch) the early bus if you get up early. 16. I’ll go home as soon as I ______________(finish) my homework. 17. The cinema _______________ (bulid) in 1985. 18. Most science books are _________________(write) in English. 三、按要求改写下列句子 tea grown in South China（改为主动语态）_______ people _________ tea in South China am given a present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A present __________ _________ __________ __________by my parents every year练习． 3. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal __________ ___________ __________making machines. 4. He asked me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _________ __________ __________ _________ that for him. 5. Did they construct reconnect here a year ago (改为被动语态) __________ a reconnect ____________ here by them a year ago 6. We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态) The game __________ ___________ “Lianliankan” by us.
一般将来时的被动语态（The Future Passive Voice ） 一、简单回顾一般将来时和被动语态 1、一般将来时 一般将来时表示__________。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的表达形式共有五种： ①助动词will/ shall＋动词原形 1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 2. The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 3. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？ 4. Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？ ②be going to＋动词原形 1. We’re going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 2. Look! It’s going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。 ③用现在进行时表示将来 表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如： 1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 2. They’re leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 ④用一般现在时表示将来 根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如： 1. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。 2. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去野餐。
一般现在时的被动语态 一、·英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。 如：We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。 ·主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。 如：The classroom is cleaned (by us). 教室被（我们）打扫。 二、被动语态的构成：助动词be +及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语） ·其中by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者。 如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。 ·be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。 如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式） English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式） Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. 三、被动语态的用法： ·在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。 如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 ·要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。 如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。 四、主、被动语态的转换： 主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它） 被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它） 注意： 1. 主动、被动互转时，时态不变，但有人称和数的变化。 ·主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。 ·主动句的宾语是代词的宾格形式，变成被动时，要转换为主格。 如：(1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south. (2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her). 2. 含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语） 如：The work can be done. 这项工作很容易做。 Other planets may be visited in the future. 将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。 3. 主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to的不定式，在变被动句时，要加上to .使役动词make/ have/ let sb do sth 及感官动词see/ hear/ feel/ notice sb to do sth 如：they heard a girl sing in the next room (by them). → a girl was heard to sing in the next room (by them). 五、被动语态的结构： 肯定句：主语+ am / is / are + 动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格)+ 其他 eg .English is studied (by us ) every day. 否定句：：主语+ am / is / are + not + 动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格)+ 其他 eg. English is not studied (by us ) every day. 疑问句：Is English not studied (by us ) every day.? 特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他?
一、选择题 1．The weatherman says a heavy rain _______ next week. A．expects B．was expected C．will expect D．will be expected 2．This special pen _________ for writing large size words. A．use B．uses C．is using D．is uesd 3．A new zoo in our town center next month. I think it will be a good place for the teenagers to see the animals. A．build B．will build C．will be built 4．—Zheng Yuan, why did you go on a vacation to Weifang? — You know I'm a fan of kites. The international kite festival _____there in April every year. A．is held B．was held C．will be held 5．Fenghua teaching building _______ 17 years ago. A．built B．is built C．builds D．was built 6．—The classroom is very tidy. —Yes . it every day. A．cleaned B．cleans C．is cleaned 7．—Where did you go last night? —I to go to Li Lei’s birthday party. A．asked B．am asked C．have been asked D．was asked 8．The 24th Winter Olympic Games __________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．holds 9．My book ___________ here in two days through the EMS. A．are sent B．is sent C．will be sent D．will send 10．When the new subway__________, it will take me less time to go to school every day. A．will finish B．is finished C．finished D．will be finished 11．—When can we go to watch the football match? —Not until the work________tomorrow. A．will be done B．has done C．is done D．does 12．Two ____ students ____ to the opening ceremony last Friday. A．hundreds; were invited B．hundred; were invited C．hundreds of ; invited D．hundred of; invited 13．Too much water________ every day in the world. We should save it. A．wasted B．are wasted C．is wasted D．was wasted 14．Many shops in China _________ to shut down as a new law against ivory (象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018. A．ordered B．didn't order C．were ordered D．weren't ordered 15．Which of the following is right? A．He is used to live there.
被动语态2 I. 主动语态转换成被动语态时应注意的一些结构： 1. 双宾语结构（主语+谓语+间宾+直宾） He gave me a pen. 1)I was given a pen. (用主动句中的间宾作主语) 2) A pen was given to me. (用主动句中的直宾作主语---注意：这种改法需要添加介词) He showed me some photos. 1) I was shown some photos. 2) Some photos were shown to me. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： They lent me some money. She bought them some apples. Father has told us the story. 2. 宾补结构(主语+谓语+宾语+补语) 2.1 现在分词作宾补： We found him lying in bed. He was found lying in bed. I saw John watching TV in his room. John was seen watching TV in his room. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： Someone saw David playing football at the playground. Someone found Jimmy dating with a pretty girl. 2.2 不定式作宾补： The teacher encouraged us to work hard at English. We were encouraged to work hard at English. The policeman didn’t allow the driver to park his car there. The driver wasn’t allowed to park his car there. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： Jim’s parents asked him to clean the kitchen. The school authority requests the students to wear school uniforms. The company required the candidates to present themselves 15 minutes before the interview begins.
一般现在时的“被动语态” 英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受着。如果我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或需要强调动作的承受者时，就必须用被动语态。 一般现在时主动语态变被动语态的方法 例：我们每天打扫教室。 主动语态：We clean our classroom every day. 主语谓语宾语 被动语态：Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 主语谓语宾语 【说明】主动语态变被动语态一般分四步：1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2）将主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构，即“助动词be的各种时态形式+ 及物动词的过去分词”；3）将主动语态中的主语放在介词by后，by短语通常位于被动谓语结构之后；4）主动语态中的时间或地点状语等在被动语态中不变。 一般现在时被动语态的否定、疑问形式 一般现在时的被动语态中有助动词am, is, are,
故其否定式是在am, is, are后加not；一般疑问句形式是将am, is, are提到句首；特殊疑问句形式是疑问词+ 一般疑问句。如： 【肯定句】The desk is made by him. 【否定句】The desk is not made by him. 【一般疑问句】Is the desk made by him? Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) 【特殊疑问句】Where is the desk made by him? 下面的几种情况用被动语态 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时。如： Silk is produced in Suzhou. 苏州出产丝绸。 2. 当没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者时。如： Colour TV sets are sold in that shop. 那个商店出售彩电。 3. 强调说明动作的承受者时。如： These bicycles are made in China. 这些自行车是中国制造的。 【温馨提示】如果需要说明动作的执行者时，由介词by引出。如： This coat is made by her mother.这件大衣是她妈妈做的。 被动语态三注意
第二章被动语态 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 A. 十种常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do 被动语态：amisare done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：waswere done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？ 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：willshall do 被动语态：willshall be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。 Will the school sports meeting be held next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？ When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？ 4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。
一般现在时/一般过去时/一般将来时/过去将来时/情态动词被动语态练习 一、将下列句子改为被动结构： 1.My cousin bought a color TV set .______________________________________________________________ 2.My brother mended his watch last night . ________________________________________________________ 3.Mother made a big cake for us yesterday .________________________________________________________ 4.They painted the table green last week .__________________________________________________________ 5.They found some money lying on the floor .______________________________________________________ 6.She showed me her new skirt . _________________________________________________________________ 7.His mother made him do his homework carefully ._________________________________________________ 8. My uncle used up all of his money. _____________________________________________________________ 9. He told me to wait for him at the school gate._____________________________________________________ 10. John didn’t answer all the phones. ____________________________________________________________ 11. He didn’t see me in the street yesterday. ________________________________________________________ 12. Did Mike break the glass? ___________________________________________________________________ 13.We will visit Chenqiaoyi on May Day. 14. The boy is buying some books in the bookstore. 15. The Smiths were watchingTV at this time last night. 16. The teacher said that the moon goes round the earth. 17. People grow apple trees in this farm. 18. Some students learn Russian as the second language in China. 19. The Young Pioneers will play football this Sunday. 20. Listen! They are talking about the new film. 21. My mobile phone _______________(steal) on a bus last week. 22. The Greens _________________(watch) TV now. 23. He said that he would ring me up when he got there. 24. We will learn English next year. 25. The red skirt cost the girl forty yuan. 26. You can catch the early bus if you get up early. 27. I’ll go home as soon as I ______________(finish) my homework. 28. The cinema _______________ (bulid) in 1985. 29. Most science books are _________________(write) in English. 三、按要求改写下列句子 30.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）.People _________ tea in South China 31.I am given a present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A present __________ _________ __________ __________by my parents every year． 32. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal __________ ___________ __________making machines. 33. He asked me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _________ __________ __________ _________ that for him. 34. Did they help the old man a year ago? (改为被动语态) __________ the old man _____ _______ here by them a year ago? 35. We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态) The game __________ ___________ “Lianliankan” by us.
语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。本单元的语法是一般将来时态的被动语态，现就其用法归纳如下： 一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成： 1．一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：主语+shall / will + be done。(shall 用于第一人称，will用于各种人称) 如：We shall / will be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。 The new film will be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四上映。 2．一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：主语+shall / will + not + be done.（可缩写成shan’t或won’t）如： The meeting won’t be held tomo rrow. 明天不再举行会议。 The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展览会将不会推迟到下周。 3．一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句句式：shall / will+主语+be done。（回答用yes或no）如： Won’t water be turned into ice, i f it is below freezing temperature? 如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗？ ---Will the work be finished at once? ---Yes, it will. ---这项工作会立刻被完成吗？---是的，立刻就完成。 4．一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+ shall / will + 主语+ be done。如： When will these books be published? 这些书将在什么时候被出版？ 二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成： 1．主语+be going to +be done Some old buildings are going to be put down. 一些旧的楼房将被推倒。 The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
一般将来时被动语态练习 1. English ____________ (speak) by the most people in the world. 2. A new building _____________ (build) in our school next year. 3. The foreign friends ____________（give）a warm welcome at the meeting tomorrow. 4. How many athletes ____________（send）to take part in the 2008 Olympic Games 5. A new plan _____________________（discuss）yesterday. 6. If more time _______ (give) to me, the problem will be worked out. 7. When the school is set up, the poor children _________ (educate) there. 8. If you_______________ (allow) to go to the concert, all of you will, too. 9.A new film will shown at the cinema next week.（改错） More and more students will study in our school, so it_____________ (become) much larger. The engineers________________________ (design) a project now. A new building ________________ ( set) up. The playground _________________ (rebuild). New equipment (buy) when the project______________ (finish). More books (keep) in the library. We can_________ (enjoy) reading in the bright reading room. There _____________ (be) many trees and flowers in the school. We _______________ (see) a beautiful and modern school next year.一般将来时的其他结构 mother is going to tell the baby a story.（主动） The baby is going to be told a story (by the mother).（被动） 2. Kelly is about to sing us a song at the party.（主动） A song is about to be sung for us (by Kelly) at the party.（被动） 3. Tokyo is to hold the 32nd Olympic Games in 2020.（主动） The 32nd Olympic Games is to be held in Tokyo in 2020.(被动) 归纳：1）be going to do 的被动语态________________________表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。（例句1） 2）be about to do 的被动语态是__________________________表示即将发生的动作。(例句2) 3）be to do 的被动语态是__________________________(例句3)
一般现在时的被动语态 【例句】 1. Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 2. Workers are needed very much here. 3. This English song is not often sung by us. 4. Is your grandpa taken care of by that nurse? 5. When are trees often planted? 【探秘】 ★一般现在时的被动语态表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作，由“主语(动作承受 者)+ is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)”构成，常与 now, every day, often, usually, always, never等连用。 温馨提示：判断该不该用被动语态主要看主语是否为谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 ★一般现在时的被动语态句型变换紧紧扣住助动词is，am或are进行：否定句在is，am 或are后面加not；一般疑问句将is，am或are提至句首。 一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态 【例句】 1. Those novels were written by Mo Yan. 2. The window wasn’t broken by Jim. 3. Was the bridge started last month? 4. Mary will be given a gold medal. 5. The machine won’t be checked today. 6. Will the classroom be decorated before the festival? 7. A basketball match is going to be held this Saturday.