模拟试卷三
Part I Oral Communication (15 minutes, 10 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A,B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Dialogue One
A.Just my cameras, my clothes, and some books
B.World you mind opening the bag for me
C.What is the purpose of your visit to the United States
Officer: May I see your passport please?
Charles: Here is my passport. And this is declaration form.
Officer: 1.
Charles: Business. I have a trade convention I’m attending in Chicago.
Officer: This visa is good for two weeks. Do you intend to stay longer than that?
Charles: No. I will fly back twelve days from now.
Officer: What do you have in the bag?
Charles: 2.
Officer: You’re not carrying any food with you today?
Charles: No.
Officer: Okay. 3? This is just a routine check.
Charles: Alright.
Officer: Okay, everything is fine. Enjoy your trip.
Charles: Thank you.
Dialogue Two
A.we are all booked up for Flight 802 on that day.
B.what about the fare
C.I’d like to make a reservation to Boston next week
Agent: Good morning. The United Airlines. What can I do for you?
Caller: Yes, 4.
Agent: When do you want to fly?
Caller: Monday, September 12.
Agent: We have Flight 802 on Monday. Just a moment please. Let me check whether there’re seats available. I’m sorry 5.
Caller: Then, any alternatives?
Agent: The next available flight leaves at 9:30 Tuesday morning September 13. Shall I book you a seat? Caller: Er …It is a direct flight, isn’t it?
. Agent: Yes it is. You want to go first class or coach?
Caller: I prefer first class, 6.
Agent: One way is ＄176.
Caller: Ok I will take the 9:30 flight on Tuesday.
Agent: A seat on Flight 807 to Boston 9:30 Tuesday morning. Is it all right, sir?
Caller: Certainly.
Section B
Directions: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
A.And that variation can affect that standards of the whole country
B.Is it really worth that much
C. How did you check the scales before
D.What would you like to know
Interviewer: Dr. Thomas? I’d like to ask you some questions about the new official standard weight that you purchased.
Dr. Thomas: I’d be happy to help you. ___7__?
Interviewer: First of all, how was the standard weight used?
Interviewer: I think it is very well.
Dr. Thomas: Well, the people in our department use it to check the scales all over the country. The department of weights and measures, we are a government agency. It’s our responsibility to see that all the scales measure a kilogram accurately so this is the way we used to adjust the scales. Interviewer: 8_?
Dr. Thomas: We have an old standard weight that we used to use. It had to be replaced because it was imprecise. You see it was made of poor quality metal and absorbed too much moisture. Interviewer: So when the weather was humid it weighed more and when it was day it weighed less.
Dr. Thomas: Exactly. ___9__. So our department had the new weight made out of higher quality metal. Interviewer: How much did it cost?
Dr. Thomas: About 45,000 dollars.
Interviewer: 45,000 dollars? For one kilogram weight? That’s more expensive than gold. __10___? Dr. Thomas: I’m sure it is. Industries depend on our government agency to monitor the accuracy of scales so that when they buy and sell their products there is one standard. Think of the drug
industry, for example, those companies rely on high accuracy scales to manufacture and
package medicine.
Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 Points)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are 10 sentences with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
11. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird initiates a set of actions to protect its offspring.
A. hastens
B. triggers
C. devises
D. releases
12. Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly.
A. Tension
B. Excitement
C. Fear
D. Nervousness
13. Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience.
A. ideal
B. required
C. optional
D. standard
14. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A. result
B. judgment
C. decision
D. event
15. The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.
A. secrets
B. details
C. benefits
D. words
16. Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long.
A. anxious
B. curious
C. opposed
D. unwilling
17. The exhibition is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries.
A. establish
B. maximize
C. guarantee
D. promote
18. You have to play a(n) premium for express delivery.
A. extra charge
B. extra price
C. extra tip
D. extra bonus
19. The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.
A. promote
B. paint
C. produce
D. polish
20. We’re happy to report that business is booming this year.
A. failing
B. open
C. successful
D. risky
Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
The rich have traditionally passed their wealth to their children. But an increasing number of billionaires are choosing not to. The reason? They want their children to live on themselves—and not to turn into spoiled successors.
Nicola Horlick or “supermom”, a famous British billionaire, owing to the fact that she has high-flying jobs and five kids—has spent her career making a report ￡250m. She now seems determined to throw off large parts of it. She already gives away about 25% of her income each year; she has just revealed, in a report on the state of charity in the city, that she will not be leaving most of the remainder to her children. “I think it is wrong to give too much inherited wealth to children,”Horlick told the report’s authors. “I will not be leaving all my wealth to my children because that would just ruin their lives.”
She is by no means the first to go public with this conviction. Bill Gates has put an estimated $30bn into the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This was supplemented, in 2009, by another $24bn or so from his friend Warren Buffett.
Buffett has always been colorful, quotably clear on where he stands. His daughter often tells a story of finding herself without change for a car parking ticket—her father lent her $20, then promptly made her write him a check. “To suggest that the children of the wealthy should be just as wealthy,” he has said, “is liking saying the members of America’s 2004 Olympic team should be made up only of the children of the 1980 Olympic team”.
Antia ROddick, the late founder of the Body Shop, told her kids that they would not inherit one penny. The money that she made from the company would go into the Body Shop Foundation, which isn’t one of those awful tax shelters, like some in America. It just functions to take the money and give it away. 21. The billionaires mentioned in the passage don’t want to leave much of their wealth to their children because .
A. they prefer to give their wealth to charity
B. they want their business to go on healthily
C. they believe too much wealth will harm their children
D. they hope their children can make more money themselves
22. What do we learn about Nicola Horlick?
A. She has already given away about 25% of her wealth.
B. She is the first one who declares to give away her wealth.
C. She will leave only a small portion of her wealth to her kids.
D. She inherited most of her wealth from her parents.
23. Buffett distinguishes himself for _______.
A. his clear-cut position
B. being strict with his children
C. his talent in financial management
D. being a giant in the stock market
24. According to Buffett’s daughter, her father _______.
A. refuses to lend her money
B. wants her to invest in the Olympic Games
C. never gives her more money than necessary
D. always makes sure that she returns his money
25. It is implied in the last paragraph that some foundations are used by the rich to _______.
A. provide shelter for the poor
B. build good fame
C. avoid paying tax
D. support their business
26. The attitude of the writer toward that billionaires don’t pass their wealth to their children is _____.
A. negative
B. positive
C. objective
D. casual
Passage Two
Much has been written about poverty but none of the accounts seem to get at the root of the problem. It must be noted that the debilitating effects of poverty are not only the result of lack of money but are also the result of powerlessness. The poor are subject to their social situation instead of being able to affect it through action, that is, through behavior that flows from an individual’s decisions and plans. In other words, when social scientists have reported on the psychological consequences of poverty, it seems reasonable to believe that they have described the psychological consequences of powerlessness. The solution to poverty most frequently suggested is to help the poor secure more money without otherwise changing the present power relationships. This appears to implement the idea of equality while avoiding any unnecessary threat to the established centers of power. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a large supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society.
In order to reduce poverty—related psychological and social problems in the United States, the major community will have to change its relationship to neighborhoods of poverty in such fashion that families in the neighborhoods have a greater interest I the broader society and can more successfully participate in the decision-making process of the surrounding community. Social action to help the poor should have the following characteristics; the poor should see themselves as the source of the action; the action
should effect in major ways the preconceptions of institutions and persons who define the poor; the action should demand much in effect or skill; the action should be successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor.
The only initial resource which a community should provide to neighborhoods of poverty should be on a temporary basis and should consist of organizers who will enable the neighborhoods quickly to create powerful, independent, democratic organizations of the poor. Through such organizations, the poor will then negotiate with the outsiders for resources and opportunities without having to submit to concurrent control from outside.
27. By “powerless” (sentence 2, Para 1), the author most probably means that the poor _______
A. have no right to make individual decisions and plans.
B. cannot exercise control over other groups of people.
C. are not in a condition to change their present situation.
D. are too weak to resist any social situation imposed on them.
28. The author expresses his opinion in the first paragraph that ______.
A. the hopeless condition of the poor is caused by their powerlessness rather than lack of money.
B. great efforts should be made to help poor to secure more money without changing present
power relationships.
C. it is no use raising the incomes of the poor while not improve their state of powerlessness.
D. in helping the poor attention should be paid to avoiding any unnecessary threat to the
established centers of power.
29. Social action to help the poor should have the characteristics include______.
A. the poor should see themselves as the source of the action
B. the action should effect in major ways preconceptions of institutions
C. the action should demand much in effect or skill
D. all of the above
30. According to the author, the primary role of the major community in helping the neighborhoods of
poverty is ________.
A. to provide long-term assistance from outside
B. to offer necessary opportunities of securing more money
C. to carry out more social programs in the neighborhoods
D. to lend experienced advice in the formation of democratic self-help organizations
31. What does the word “concurrent” (Para.3) most probably mean?
A. Following
B. Subsequent
C. Previous
D. Simultaneous
32. The main purpose of the author in writing the passage is ________
A. to criticize the present methods employed to help the poor
B. to analyze the social and psychological aspects of poverty
C. to propose a way in which the poor can be more effectively helped
D. to describe the attitude of the community towards the poor
Passage Three
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited, or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen—the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it is important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no”.
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in a effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠券)。
But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.
33. Why does the author list several cases that your information can be accessed without your permission?
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To remind the importance of privacy.
C. To inform what 21st century is like.
D. To call for the action against the spread of website.
34. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked”?
A. People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
B. In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets.
C. People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
D. Criminals are easily caught in the spot with advanced technology.
35. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A. Friends should open their hearts to each other.
B. Friends should always be faithful to each other.
C. There should be a distance even between friends.
D. There should be fewer disputes between friends.
36. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
A. They change behaviors do with regard to privacy protection?
B. They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.
C. They rely more and more on electronic devices.
D. They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
Passage Four
DNA testing reveals the genes of each individual person. Since the early twentieth century scientists have known that all human characteristics are contained in a person’s genes and are passed from parents to children. Genes work as a chemical instruction manual for each part and each function of the body. Their basic chemical element is called DNA, a copy of which can be found in every cell. The existence of genes and the chemical structure of DNA were understood by the mid-1900s, but scientists have only recently been able to identify a person from just a drop of blood or a single hair.
One of the most important uses of DNA testing is in criminal investigation. The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain, when a man confessed to killing a young woman in the England countryside. Because police had found samples of the killer’s DNA at the scene of the crime, a biologist suggested that it might be possible to compare that DNA to some from the confessor’s blood. To everyone’s surprise, the tests showed that he was not the killer. Nor was he guilty of a similar murder that had happened some time earlier. At that point he admitted that he had confessed to the crime out of fear and police pressure. The police then asked 5,000 local men for samples of their blood, and DNA testing revealed that one of them was the real murderer, so the first man was set free.
In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they created a not-for-profit organization called the Innocence Project. Most of their clients are poor men, many from racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, studies have shown that U.S. judges and juries are often influenced by racial and ethnic background, and that people from minority groups are more likely to be convicted. Some of these men had been sentenced to death, a form of punishment used in thirty eight states out of fifty (as of 2006). For most of these prisoners, their only hope was another trial in which DNA testing could be used to prove their innocence.
Between 1992 and 2006, the Innocence Project helped free 100 men. Some of these prisoners had been in jail for ten, twenty years or more for crimes they did not commit. However, the goal of the Innocence Project is not simply to set free those who are wrongfully in jail. They also hope to bring about real changes in the criminal justice system.
Illinois in the late 1990s, a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were able to bring about such a change in that state. They began investigating some Illinois prisoners who claimed to
be innocent. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of. Thirteen of these men were set free, and in 2000, Governor Ryan of Illinois decided to stop carrying out death sentences until further study could be made of the prisoners’ cases.
The use of DNA in criminal cases is still being debated around the world. Some fear that governments will one day keep records of everyone’s DNA, which could put limits on the privacy and freedom of citizens. Other people mistrust the science of DNA testing and think that lawyers use it to get their clients free whether or not they are guilty. But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free men, DNA testing had meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent people should ever be convicted again.
37. What is the main idea of this paragraph?
A. DNA testing has changed the American legal system.
B. DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.
C. DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.
D. DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.
38. DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by______.
A. a lawyer in New York.
B. students in Illinois
C. doctors in the United States
D. police in Great Britain
39. The innocence project uses DNA testing to _______
A. set free innocent prisoner
B. help the police put people in prison
C. find out which lawyer are incompetent
D. prove that suspects are guilty
40. Some students in Northwestern University ______.
A. proved some prisoners were not guilty
B. believed some suspects were from ethnic groups
C. told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisoners
D. showed DNA testing was not always reliable
41. What is the author’s attitude toward DNA testing?
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Suspicious
D. Indifferent
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are required to read four paragraphs and decide which of the four titles marked A, B, C and D is best suited to each of them. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
42. __________
Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the
world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Good is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.
43. ___________
Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.
44. ___________
Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut it workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low.
45.____________
Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Good companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz (225g) cans in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz （550g）cans. If a company can sell you an 8oz portion for $7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents. Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend.
Part IV Cloze (10 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
“We’ve seen a __46___of people, people who have had longstanding problems with their sleep, who report that their sleep is getting worse because of the added stress of the economy, ___47___ people who are coming in, saying that they’ve never had a sleep problem before.”
___48___ for sleep medications are at a record high. ___49___ if pill popping doesn’t sound like solution, consider a good old-fashioned power-nap.
“You can nap__50___ sleep loss, so after that fact, or you can nap in anticipation (预测, 预料) of sleep loss because only sleep can replace sleep.”
And napping may be just the ticket. Business is booming here at Yelo Wellness where believe it or not, people in Manhattan will pay nearly $30 for a 40-minute ___51____.
“I just think it make a real __52___ first of all in my work. I do a better job, which means I’m gonna get a better bonus, and I’m not gonna burn ___53____.”
Two thirds of adults say sleepiness interferes with their concentration and makes handling stress on the job more difficult. Regulars here say the fee ___54___ is a small price to pay to overcome exhaustion.
“Coming here, spending the money, taking a nap allows me to kind of burn the candle at ___55___ ends.”
46. A. number B. combination C. joint D. kind
47. A. as well as B. as long as C. as much as D. as far as
48. A. Descriptions B. formulations C. Prescriptions D. Depiction
49. A. However B. Yet C. Whereas D. But
50. A. in response to B. in order to C. so as to D. in terms of
51. A. sleep B. nap C. rest D. work
52. A. difference B. gap C. unusual D. separation
53. A. down B. up C. out D. away
54. A. to sleep B. sleeping C. of sleeping D. out of sleeping
55. A. either B. each C. both D. every
Part V Text Completion (20 minutes, 20 points)
Directions: In this part there are three short texts. For each text, you should first fill in the blank in the choices A, B, C (and D) with the best answer provided in the rectangle. Then, complete the text itself by filling in each of the blanks with the completed A, or B, or C (or D). Write your answer on the Answer sheet
Text One
B.who actually built ___57___
C. 58__ Egyptians built them
For centuries, the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture. But __59___? For years, we did not know for sure. But archeologists (考古学家) recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids. Close by, there was also a cemetery ___60____. From studying these places, archeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners ___61___.
Text Two
A.
B. a greater demand for the ___62___ materials
C.
D.seems to be on the ___63____
E.
F.feels moved to ___64____ and help
Protecting our delicate environment ___65__ of politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother nature. The concept of green consumerism has gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public ___66___ . However, three essential keys needed to power this movement include a more informed public, the development of improved technology, and ___67___.
Text Three
A.
B.
C.___69____ the machine is performing another one
D.
E.the latest addition to our extensive ___70___ of fax machine
F. 71__ , the laser printing gives you high quality pictures.
The answer to all of your communication problems? The KR 800 is ___72___. It is a more advanced version of the KR 700 with an answer phone facility and many other special features. One of these means that you can perform one operation ___73___. There several techniques allow you to send faxes easily, quickly and cheaply. It takes just fifteen seconds to fax an A4 page. ___74___. The answer phone has fourteen minutes’ recording time, which is a bonus for any business. Although it is such a flexible machine, it is compact. ___75___ in the office or at home.
Part VI Translation (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer sheet Globally, most smokers start smoking before the age of 18, with almost a quarter of those beginning before the age of 10. The younger children are when they first try smoking, the more likely they are to become regular tobacco users and the less likely they are to quit. A strong link between advertising and smoking in young people has been proven. The more aware and appreciative young people are of tobacco advertising, the more likely they are to smoke or say they intend to. In response to this threat, World No Tobacco Day campaigns for a total ban on all forms of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship by the tobacco industry.
Part II Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
略
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 29 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue．Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Robert: How annoying. I can’t figure out a solution to this problem. Can you help me? Anderson: __________. A. How stupid you are. The problem is too easy to disturb me. B. Well, I’m afraid I can’t at the moment. C. You shouldn’t feel annoyed. After all,it’s your own problem. D. OK. Though it’s beyond me, let me try. 2. Speaker A: Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the nearest post office? Speaker B: ________ A. OK. I’d like to go with you. B. Of course. Go down this street and turn le ft. C. Sorry. I’m busy now. Go away. D . No problem. It’s my pleasure to direct you. 3. Customer: I need some aspirin, please, and I'd also like to get this prescription filled．
考研英语阅读真题及答案 英语阅读关于考研的在历年的真题中，有不少的精华等着大家去发掘。下面是给大家整理的考研英语阅读真题及答案，供大家参阅! 1991年考研英语阅读真题及答案解析Section II Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points) Text 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn t hard to define. It means that every
Lesson 2 The story about the Brothers Grimm may evoke warm memories of story time in the comforting arms of a parent.（关于格林兄弟的故事可以唤起父母在安慰的怀抱中对故事时间的温暖回忆。） A.recall B. create C. release D. collect 1.One of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turning adversity to your advantage.（成功旅行的秘诀之一就是总是把逆境变成你的优势。） A.unfamiliarity B. exploration C. pleasure D.difficulties. 2.The claws of bears may be used to climb trees , rip open nests and beehives, or catch prey.（熊的爪子可以用来爬树，撕开巢蜂房，或捕捉猎物。） A.clear B. tear C. throw D. dig 3.The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that have breached their computer systems.分析人员正在剖析侵入他们电脑系统的入侵和其他攻击。 A.intercepting B. fighting C. analyzing D. discussing 4.He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturb anyone. 他整天呆在房间里，戴着耳机以免打扰任何人。 A.unless B. when C. so that D. in case 5.As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed, there was talk of apocalypse.随着失业线的延长和工厂的关闭，人们谈论着天启？。 A.emergency B. uncertainty C. disaster D. reduction 6.The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often she would bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.（医院的气味是如此的无情，以至于她常常会把白花的云彩带到她的鼻子上） A.unexpected B. unique C. impressive D. terrible 7.Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous in a country where around half the population lives below the poverty line.7、批评家认为，在一个半数人口生活在贫困线以下的国家里，奢侈的公园本身是不协调的。 A.inappropriate B. creative C. unnecessary D. enjoyable 8.Many believed optimistically the news would soothe markets, but it seems to have had the opposite effect.许多人乐观地认为，这一消息将安抚市场，但它似乎起了相反的作用。 A.push B. mislead C. calm D. discourage 9. A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurance in the face of adversity without getting upset.一个坚忍的人在面对逆境时往往表现出令人钦佩的耐心和忍耐力，而不会感到不安 A.confident B. uncomplaining C. unconventional D. reliable ADBCD CDACB Lesson 4 1.During the lecture all the audience listened to China’s first astronaut with rapt admiration.演讲过程中，所有听众都听了中国第一位宇航员的讲话 A.obscure B. obvious C. obliged D. obsessed 2.Most of her colleagues didn’t like her because she was adept at the fine art of
Lesson 1 II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界里，主要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播，这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做是很安全的，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么大的威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如庞大的交流网络、发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化教育设施。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. 这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
2007 Text 2 For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?①It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 在过去的几年，《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为“询问玛丽琳”的专栏。人们被邀请去询问 玛丽琳?沃斯?萨文特，玛丽琳?沃斯?萨文特在10岁时测试的智力水平达到别人23岁时的水平，这使得她的智商高达228――是有记录的最高水平。智商测试要求你完成口头和视觉分析，要求你在纸张被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状，要求你推论数字的顺序，还有其他类似的项目。所以，当沃斯?萨文特面对普通人（智商为100）提出的像“热爱与喜爱之间的区别是什么？”或者“运气与巧合的特征是什么？”这样的问题时，她感到有点困惑。设想物体、判断数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和哲学 家的问题，这可并不那么显而易见。 mental adj.精神的, 智力的 verbal adj.口头的 【记】verb（言语），＋al（形容词后缀）＝口头的；nonverbal：不用语言的 analogy n.类似, 类推 【习】have an analogy to/with具有与...相似之处;by analogy用类推法 【例】No analogy exists between them. 两者毫无相似之处。 envision vt.想象, 预想 numerical adj.数字的, 用数表示的 fondness n.爱好, 溺爱 coincidence n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在(尤指偶然)的事 【巧】co（together）+ incidence（incident）＝coincidence：两个小的事情同时发生，“巧合”【例】What a coincidence.多巧啊。 elude v.躲避 1、It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 【译文】有些问题连一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家都难以回答，但是想象物体和计算数字模式的能力却能使 人找出答案，其中原因并不为人所知。 【析句】这是一个简单句，It只是形式主语，真正的主语是how引导的主语从句。而在主语从句中，主 语是the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns，谓语是suits，宾语是one，to answer questions是宾语补足语，而questions后又跟了一个定语从句。 【讲词】visualize意为"想象"，是imagine的同义词。例如：He had a hard time to visualize the scene as it was described.（他难以设想所描绘的场景。） elude表示"躲避"，也可表示"理解不了，想不起来"。根据句中的意思，可以译为"回答不了"。例如：The answer to this question eluded me for a long time, perhaps because it was so simple.（这个
Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。
1. Though he had apologized, she raised a query on his sincerity. A. trust（信任） B. request（请求；需要） C. examination（考试） D. question（问题；疑问） 译文：虽然他已经道歉了，她还是对他的诚意提出了质疑。 2. Discipline in Mr. Brown's class becomes very slack. A. strict（严格的；绝对的；精确的） B. loose（宽松的；不精确的） C. serious（严肃的；认真的） D. uncontrollable（无法管控的） 译文：布朗先生班上的纪律变得很松弛。 3. We couldn't believe that the joke was a nasty hit at him. A. malicious（恶毒的） B. lethal（致命的） C. footy（无足轻重的） D. gentle（温和，文雅的） 译文：我们不敢相信这个笑话是对他的恶毒攻击。 4. The winner's complacent smile annoyed some people. A. scornful（轻蔑的） B. humorous（幽默的） C. contented（满足的，心安的） D. ironical（讽刺的） 译文：胜利者自满的微笑惹恼了一些人。 5. This make-over has to start with the most basic societal unit-the family. A. task（任务；工作） B. improvement（提高；改进） C. measure（措施；测量） D. change（改变） 译文：这种转变必须从最基本的社会单元——家庭开始。 6. A Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education Accreditation System will be put into practice in California next school year.
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题 Part II. Vocabulary ( 10minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5point each) 21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovation, the incentive for path-breaking innovation will eventually dry up. A investment B resource C inspiration D stimulus 22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions. A bewildering B exasperating C dismaying D upsetting. 23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography. A all at once B by and by C to some extent D on the whole 24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences. A optimistic B anxious C uncertain D scared. 25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents’ wishes. A enhanced B revised C alternated D modified 26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery. A arisen from B contributed to C patched up D participated in 27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed. A resigned B compromised C persisted D dominated 28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural. A inclined B struggled C argued D competed. 29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company. A on occasion B at present C by now D for sure 30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims’families. A briefly B quickly C accurately D earnestly Section B (0.5point each) 31. New York probably has the largest number of different language ___in the world. A neighborhoods B communities C clusters D assemblies 32. Nuclear waste are considered to ___ a threat to human health and marine life. A compose B impose C expose D pose 33. Some states in the US have set ___ standards concerning math and science. A energetic B vigorous C rigorous D grave 34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___. A presentation B instruction C conviction D obligation 35. Because of ___ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along with each other. A incomprehensible B incomparable C inconceivable D incompatible 36. As ___China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum. A in the light of B in the event of C in the case of D in the course of 37. According to an Australian research , moderate drinkers ___ better thinkers than heavy drinkers or those who never drink.
Unit 1 Genetically Modified Foods—Feed the World? (2)Finding it difficult to adapt to the climate there (3)to have no access to the health service (4)an important role in prospering and developing (5)a depression in yield and a reduction in quality (6)could have made a good salary (7)We cannot estimate the value of modern science and technology too much. (8)The insurance company will recoup the farmers for the loss caused by the flood. (9)During the SARS outbreak, the lack of hygiene in poor countries had devastating consequences to all people of the world. (10)T his University Library is one of the largest Libraries in China, with a stack of over 2.3 million volumes. It supports the University’s research and teaching across a full range of subjects, and provides information about the Library’s collections and services in each subject area. (11)T he recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening the economic gap between the richest and poorest Americans as job layoffs ravaged household budgets. (12)C hina's government declared two strains of genetically modified rice safe to produce and consume, taking a major step toward endorsing the use of biotechnology in the staple food crop of billions of people in Asia. China is the world's top producer and consumer of rice, so its use of modified varieties has the potential to alter the grain's global supply patterns. China's officials have been less constrained by public pressure over the sometimes-controversial use of biotechnology in food than officials in other countries. The government has long supported research into agricultural biotechnology as part of a drive to ensure the nation remains self-sufficient in staple crops. IV. Cloze 1. species 2. predictable 3. unrelated 4. different 5. into 6. produce 7. seeing 8. also 9. obvious 10. inserted 11. nobody 12. approved 13. apparently 14. humans 15. risks Unit 2 The Biology of Skin Color: Black and White (2)He was not severely punished for his crime (3)advance our knowledge of the HIV virus. (4)when taken according to the instruction (5)to have no access to the health service (6)He has some vague ideas about what to do
Passage 5 In 1960-1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, as they had slacked off (松懈) a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late. The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet (小米) first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one's pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged. Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments (分期付款). The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later. Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by the people, should at least be for the people. 1. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because. A)the government greatly encouraged peasants B)rains favored the growth of cotton C)Chad gained independence in the previous year D)Both A)and B) 2. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually.