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英国诗歌的历史沿革

英国诗歌的历史沿革
英国诗歌的历史沿革

英国诗歌的历史沿革

据王佐良先生所著的《英国诗史》,英国诗歌发展共分为三大主要时期:古英语时期,主要指5世纪到12世纪;中古英语时期,主要指12世纪到15世纪;近代英语时期,主要是从15世纪至今。我基本赞同这个观点,即按照语言的发展水平划分诗歌史,当然还有其他的划分方法,比如按照时间划分等。虽然都是在“英语”范围内,但是古英语、中古英语以及现代英语的差异还是比较大。古英语主要由三种日耳曼语形成的,中古英语则结合了日耳曼语和罗曼语,而近现代英语是在英格兰东南部方言基础上形成的。我认为语言是人类思维的反映,不同的语言当然反映着不同的思维,诗歌作为一种语言的表现形式,当然在不同的阶段有不同的特色---无论是在诗歌语言特色,还是诗论方面。

首先要提到的就是古英语时期,这个时期英语诗歌据考证大多数不是由英格兰本岛人所写,而是由侵略者,如盎格鲁人,撒克逊人所写,因此题材和背景多半不是英格兰的,这一时期的诗人们喜爱用头韵体。最开始的诗歌多是口头流传的,如《航海者》,而题材则多是歌颂英雄和一些宗教诗歌,从数量上来说,并不多。古英语时期的诗歌多具有一种刚毅之气,描写宏大的场面。一般认为古英语诗歌的集大成之作是《贝奥武夫》,该诗主要讲述了青年时期的贝奥武夫杀死二妖以及老年时期的贝奥武夫与火龙格斗最终两

败俱伤的故事。该诗采用的不再是单纯的描写方式来表现恢弘的场面,跌宕的情节,而是已经开始采用“夹叙夹议”(见王佐良《英

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When you have a kid who you care so much that anything he wants comes before your own desires When you have a kid who is so much in need for your affection and understanding that no matter what is bothering him you're willing to do anything to make him smile When you have a kid who is so dependent on you that no matter what obstacles you face you have to be forever confident in front of him giving him the sense of security When you have a kid whatever your goals are for your life you're so willing to put him ahead before all your goals sometimes even give up your dreams for his needs but you'd consider yourself lucky indeed being in love with someone in this wide world so deep you try to make everything easy for him to grow up into a loving,strong adultThank god for giving me this chance let me experience what love,giving,and voluntary sacrifice are all about

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1. Nothing gold can stay by Robert Frost Nature's first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leaf's a flower; But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf, So Eden sank to grief. So dawn goes down to day, Nothing gold can stay. 参照: 简简吟白居易 苏家小女名简简,芙蓉花腮柳叶眼。十一把镜学点妆,十二抽针能绣裳。十三行坐事调品,不肯迷头白地藏。玲珑云髻生花样,飘飖风袖蔷薇香。殊姿异态不可状,忽忽转动如有光。二月繁霜杀桃李,明年欲嫁今年死。丈人阿母勿悲啼,此女不是凡夫妻。恐是天仙谪人世,只合人间十三岁。大都好物不坚牢,彩云易散琉璃脆。 2. The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. 3. The farthest distance in the world By Tagore [t?'g?:] The farthest distance in the world is not between life and death but when I stand in front of you yet you don't know that I love you The farthest distance in the world is not when I stand in front of you yet you can't see my love but when undoubtedly knowing the love from both yet cannot be together The farthest distance in the world is not being apart while being in love but when plainly can not resist the yearning yet pretending you have never been in my heart

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How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你 – Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你? Let me count the ways. 让我逐一细述。 I love thee to the depth and breadth and height 我爱你之深邃,之宽广,之高远 My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight 尽我的灵魂所能及之处—犹如探求 For the ends of being and ideal grace. 玄冥中神的存在和美好之极。 I love thee to the level of every day’s 我爱你如每日之必需, Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. 阳光下和烛焰前都少不了。 I love thee freely, as men strive for right. 我自由地爱着你,像人们争取他们的权利; I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. 我纯洁地爱着你,如人们在赞美前会垂首。 I love thee with the passion put to use 我爱你,带着我昔日悲伤时的 In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith. 那种激情,童年时的那种诚意; I love thee with a love I seemed to lose

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