How boosting the margin can also boost classifier complexity

2025年全国大学英语CET四级考试模拟试卷及答案指导一、写作（15分）CET-4 Writing SectionDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “The Importance of Teamwork”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Sample Essay: The Importance of TeamworkIn today’s fast-paced and highly competitive world, the concept of teamwork has become more crucial than ever. It is often said that one can go fast alone, but to go far, one must go together. This saying underlines the importance of teamwork in achieving common goals effectively and efficiently.Teamwork allows for the pooling of diverse skills and talents, which leads to more innovative solutions and better decision-making. When individuals with different backgrounds and expertise collaborate, they bring unique perspectives to the table, fostering an environment where creativity thrives. Furthermore, working as a team builds a support system, enabling members to rely on each other during challenging times, thus reducing stress and increasing job satisfaction.Another significant benefit of teamwork is the ability to accomplish tasksthat would be impossible for an individual to handle. By dividing work among team members based on their strengths, teams can tackle complex projects, ensuring all aspects are thoroughly covered. This not only improves the quality of work but also accelerizes the completion time.In conclusion, the value of teamwork cannot be overstated. It is through collaboration and mutual support that we can achieve great things, overcome obstacles, and reach our full potential. Embracing the spirit of teamwork is essential for both personal and professional success in our interconnected world.Analysis:•Introduction: The essay begins with a clear statement about the increasing significance of teamwork in the modern era, setting up the main argument.•Body Paragraphs:•The first body paragraph discusses how teamwork enhances innovation and decision-making by combining varied skills and viewpoints.•The second body paragraph highlights the supportive nature of teamwork, emphasizing its role in managing stress and boosting morale.• A third point is made about the efficiency and effectiveness gained from dividing labor according to individual strengths, allowing for thesuccessful execution of complex tasks.•Conclusion: The concluding paragraph reinforces the thesis, summarizing the key benefits of teamwork and linking them to broader concepts ofachievement and personal growth.This sample response adheres to the word limit (156 words), maintains a coherent structure, and provides specific examples to support the main points, making it a strong example for the CET-4 writing section.二、听力理解-短篇新闻（选择题，共7分）第一题News Item 1:A new study has found that the popularity of online shopping has led to a significant increase in the use of plastic packaging. The researchers analyzed data from various e-commerce platforms and discovered that the amount of plastic packaging used in online orders has doubled over the past five years. This has raised concerns about the environmental impact of e-commerce and the need for more sustainable packaging solutions.Questions:1、What is the main issue addressed in the news?A) The decline of traditional shopping methods.B) The environmental impact of online shopping.C) The growth of e-commerce platforms.D) The advantages of plastic packaging.2、According to the news, what has happened to the use of plastic packaging in online orders over the past five years?A) It has decreased by 50%.B) It has remained stable.C) It has increased by 25%.D) It has doubled.3、What is the primary concern raised by the study regarding online shopping?A) The increase in the number of e-commerce platforms.B) The high cost of online shopping.C) The environmental impact of plastic packaging.D) The difficulty in returning products.Answers:1、B) The environmental impact of online shopping.2、D) It has doubled.3、C) The environmental impact of plastic packaging.第二题Section B: Short NewsIn this section, you will hear one short news report. At the end of the news report, you will hear three questions. After each question, there is a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.News Report:The World Health Organization announced today that it has added the ChineseSinovac COVID-19 vaccine to its list of vaccines approved for emergency use. This move will facilitate the distribution of the vaccine in lower-income countries participating in the COVAX initiative aimed at ensuring equitable access to vaccines globally. The WHO praised the Sinovac vaccine for its easy storage requirements, making it ideal for areas with less sophisticated medical infrastructure.Questions:1、According to the news report, what did the WHO announce?A)The end of the pandemicB)Approval of a new vaccineC)Launch of a global health campaignD)Increased funding for vaccine researchAnswer: B) Approval of a new vaccine2、What was highlighted about the Sinovac vaccine by the WHO?A)It is the most effective vaccine availableB)It requires simple storage conditionsC)It is cheaper than other vaccinesD)It has no side effectsAnswer: B) It requires simple storage conditions3、What is the purpose of the COVAX initiative mentioned in the report?A)To speed up vaccine developmentB)To provide financial support to vaccine manufacturersC)To ensure equal access to vaccines worldwideD)To promote travel between countriesAnswer: C) To ensure equal access to vaccines worldwide三、听力理解-长对话（选择题，共8分）第一题Part Three: Long ConversationsIn this section, you will hear 1 long conversation. The conversation will be played twice. After you hear a part of the conversation, there will be a pause. Both the questions and the conversation will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Now, listen to the conversation.Conversational Excerpt:M: Hey, Jane, how was your day at the office today?W: Oh, it was quite a challenge. I had to deal with a lot of issues. But I think I handled them pretty well.M: That’s good to hear. What were the main issues you faced?W: Well, first, we had a problem with the new software we’re tryin g to implement. It seems to be causing some technical difficulties.M: Oh no, that sounds frustrating. Did you manage to fix it?W: Not yet. I’m still trying to figure out what’s wrong. But I’m workingon it.M: That’s important. The company can’t afford a ny downtime with this software.W: Exactly. And then, I had to deal with a customer complaint. The customer was really upset because of a delayed shipment.M: That’s never a good situation. How did you handle it?W: I tried to be understanding and offered a discount on their next order. It seemed to calm them down a bit.M: That was a good move. Did it resolve the issue?W: Yes, it did. They’re satisfied now, and I think we’ve avoided a bigger problem.M: It sounds like you had a busy day. But you did a good job handling everything.W: Thanks, I’m glad you think so.Questions:1、What was the main issue the woman faced with the new software?A) It was causing problems with the computer systems.B) It was taking longer to install than expected.C) It was causing technical difficulties.D) It was not compatible with their existing systems.2、How did the woman deal with the customer complaint?A) She escalated the issue to her supervisor.B) She offered a discount on the customer’s next order.C) She apologized directly to the customer.D) She sent the customer a refund check.3、What was the woman’s impression of her day at work?A) It was uneventful and unchallenging.B) It was quite stressful but rewarding.C) It was a day filled with unnecessary meetings.D) It was a day where she didn’t accomplish much.4、What did the man say about the woman’s day at work?A) He thought it was unproductive.B) He felt she had handled everything well.C) He thought she should have asked for help.D) He believed she should take a break.Answers:1、C2、B3、B4、B第二题对话内容:Man:Hey, Sarah. I heard you’re planning to go on a trip next month. Where are you heading?Sarah:Oh, hi, Mike! Yes, I’m really excited about it. I’m going to Japan. It’s my first time there.Man:That sounds amazing! How long will you be staying? And what places are you planning to visit?Sarah:I’ll be there for two weeks. My plan is to start in Tokyo and then travel to Kyoto, Osaka, and Hiroshima. I’ve always been fascinated by the mix of traditional and modern culture in Japan.Man: Two weeks should give you plenty of time to see a lot. Are you going alone or with someone?Sarah:Actually, I’m going with a group of friends from college. We all decided to take this trip together after graduation. It’ll be great to experience it with them.Man:That’s wonderful! Do you have everything planned out, like accommodations and transportation?Sarah:Mostly, yes. We’ve booked our flights and hotels, and we’re using the Japan Rail Pass for getting around. B ut we’re leaving some room for spontaneity too. Sometimes the best experiences come unexpectedly!Man:Absolutely, that’s the spirit of traveling. Well, I hope you have an incredible time. Don’t forget to try some local food and maybe bring back some souvenirs!Sarah:Thanks, Mike! I definitely won’t miss out on trying sushi and ramen, and I already have a list of gifts to buy for family and friends. I can’t waitto share my adventures with everyone when I get back.1、How long is Sarah planning to stay in Japan?•A) One week•B) Two weeks•C) Three weeks•D) One month答案: B) Two weeks2、Which of the following ci ties is NOT mentioned as part of Sarah’s itinerary?•A) Tokyo•B) Kyoto•C) Sapporo•D) Hiroshima答案: C) Sapporo3、Who is Sarah going to Japan with?•A) By herself•B) With her family•C) With a group of friends•D) With coworkers答案: C) With a group of friends4、What has Sarah and her friends prepared for their trip besides booking flights and hotels?•A) They have hired a personal guide.•B) They have reserved spots for cultural workshops.•C) They have purchased a Japan Rail Pass.•D) They have enrolled in a language course.答案: C) They have purchased a Japan Rail Pass.四、听力理解-听力篇章（选择题，共20分）第一题Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, check what you have written.Passage:In recent years, the concept of “soft skills” has become increasingly popular in the workplace. These are skills that are not traditionally taught in schools but are essential for success in the professional world. Soft skills include communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and time management.1、Many employers believe that soft skills are just as important as technical skills because they help employees adapt to changing work environments.2、One of the most important soft skills is communication. Effectivecommunication can prevent misunderstandings and improve relationships with colleagues.3、Teamwork is also crucial in today’s workplace. Being able to work well with others can lead to better productivity and innovation.4、Problem-solving skills are essential for overcoming obstacles and achieving goals. Employees who can think creatively and solve problems efficiently are highly valued.5、Time management is another key soft skill. Being able to prioritize tasks and manage time effectively can help employees meet deadlines and reduce stress.Questions:1、What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of technical skills in the workplace.B) The definition and examples of soft skills.C) The increasing popularity of soft skills in the workplace.D) The impact of soft skills on employee performance.2、Why do many employers believe soft skills are important?A) They are easier to teach than technical skills.B) They are not necessary for most jobs.C) They help employees adapt to changing work environments.D) They are more difficult to acquire than technical skills.3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a soft skill in the passage?A) Communication.B) Leadership.C) Problem-solving.D) Time management.Answers:1、C) The increasing popularity of soft skills in the workplace.2、C) They help employees adapt to changing work environments.3、B) Leadership.Second Part: Listening Comprehension - Passage QuestionsListen to the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.Passage:Every year, millions of people flock to beaches around the world for their vacations. While enjoying the sun and sand, few give much thought to the tiny organisms that make up the very sand they’re lying on. Sand is actually made from rock particles that have been broken down over time by natural processes. However, on some unique beaches, like those found in Hawaii, the sand has a significant component of coral and shell fragments, giving it a distinctive white color. Beaches not only provide relaxation but also play a crucial role in supporting marine life and protecting coastal areas from erosion.Questions:1、What do millions of people go to the beaches for annually?2、What makes the sand on Hawaiian beaches distinctive?3、Besides providing relaxation, what other important role do beaches serve?Answers:1、Vacations.2、The presence of coral and shell fragments.3、Supporting marine life and protecting coastal areas from erosion.第三题PassageThe rise of e-commerce has revolutionized the way we shop. With just a few clicks, customers can purchase products from all over the world and have them delivered to their doorstep. However, this convenience has also brought about some challenges, particularly in terms of logistics and environmental impact.One of the biggest concerns is the environmental impact of packaging. Traditional packaging materials, such as plastic bags and boxes, are not biodegradable and often end up in landfills, contributing to pollution.E-commerce companies have started to address this issue by offering packaging-free options and promoting the use of sustainable materials.Another challenge is the issue of returns. With the ease of online shopping, customers often order more items than they need, leading to a high rate of returns. This not only increases the carbon footprint of shipping but also creates additional waste. Some companies have introduced policies to encourage customers to return fewer items, such as offering incentives for reuse or donation.Despite these challenges, the e-commerce industry is not standing still. There are innovative solutions being developed to make the process more sustainable. For example, some companies are experimenting with drone delivery to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Others are investing in energy-efficient data centers to power their operations.1、What is one of the main concerns related to e-commerce packaging?A)The high cost of shipping materials.B)The environmental impact of non-biodegradable materials.C)The difficulty in recycling packaging materials.2、How does the high rate of returns affect e-commerce?A)It increases the demand for new packaging materials.B)It leads to a decrease in the cost of shipping.C)It creates additional waste and increases the carbon footprint.3、What is an innovative solution being developed to make e-commerce more sustainable?A)The use of reusable packaging.B)The implementation of strict return policies.C)The introduction of drone delivery.Answers:1、B2、C3、A五、阅读理解-词汇理解（填空题，共5分）First QuestionPassage:In today’s fast-paced world, conservation has become a major concern for environmentalists and policymakers alike. Preserving natural resources is not just about protecting the environment; it also plays a critical role in ensuring sustainable development and improving the quality of life for future generations. Innovative methods are being explored to achieve this goal, including the use of renewable energy sources and promoting eco-friendly practices in industries.Questions:1、The word “conservation” in the passage most likely means:A) The act of using something economically or sparingly.B) The protection of natural resources from being wasted.C) The process of changing something fundamentally.D) The act of restoring something to its original state.Answer: B) The protection of natural resources from being wasted.2、The word “innovative” in the passage is closest in meaning to:A) Outdated.B) Traditional.C) Creative.D) Unchanged.Answer: C) Creative.3、Based on the context, t he term “eco-friendly” would be best described as:A) Practices that are harmful to the environment.B) Practices that are beneficial to the environment.C) Practices that have no impact on the environment.D) Practices that focus solely on economic growth.Answer: B) Practices that are beneficial to the environment.4、The phrase “sustainable development” in the text refers to:A) Development that uses up all available resources quickly.B) Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.C) Development that focuses only on immediate economic gains.D) Development that disregards environmental concerns.Answer: B) Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.5、When the passage mentions “quality of life,” it implies:A) A decrease in living standards over time.B) An improvement in the overall conditions under which people live and work.C) The absence of any efforts to improve living conditions.D) The focus on increasing industrial activities regardless of their impact.Answer: B) An improvement in the overall conditions under which people live and work.This format closely follows the structure you might find in an actual CET Band 4 exam, with a passage followed by vocabulary questions that test understanding of context and word meanings.第二题Reading PassagesIn today’s fast-paced world, staying informed about current events is more important than ever. One of the best ways to keep up with the news is to read newspapers. However, not all newspapers are created equal. Here is an overview of some of the most popular newspapers in the world.1.The New York Times (USA): Established in 1851, The New York Times is one of the most prestigious and influential newspapers in the world. It covers a wide range of topics, including national and international news, politics, business, science, technology, and culture.2.The Guardian (UK): The Guardian is a British newspaper that has been in circulation since 1821. It is known for its liberal bias and its commitment to investigative journalism. The Guardian covers a variety of issues, including politics, the environment, and social justice.3.Le Monde (France): Le Monde is a French newspaper that was founded in 1944. It is one of the most widely read newspapers in France and is known for its in-depth reporting and analysis of global events.4.The Times (UK): The Times is another British newspaper that has been in circulation since 1785. It is a conservative newspaper that focuses on politics, business, and finance.5.El País (Spain): El País is a Spanish newspaper that was founde d in 1976. It is one of the most popular newspapers in Spain and is known for its comprehensive coverage of national and international news.Vocabulary UnderstandingChoose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided.1、The____________of The New York Times is that it is one of the most prestigious and influential newspapers in the world.a.reputationb.historyc.popularityd.bias2、The Guardian is known for its____________bias and its commitment to investigative journalism.a.liberalb.conservativec.moderated.biased3、Le Monde is one of the most widely read newspapers in France and is known forits____________reporting and analysis.a.shallowb.superficialc.in-depthd.brief4、The Times is a conservative newspaper that focuses on____________issues.a.socialb.economicc.politicald.cultural5、El País is one of the most popular newspapers in Spain and is known for its comprehensive____________of national and international news.a.reportingb.analysisc.coveraged.editorialAnswers:1、a. reputation2、a. liberal3、c. in-depth4、c. political5、c. coverage六、阅读理解-长篇阅读（选择题，共10分）第一题Reading Passage OneIn recent years, with the rapid development of the internet and mobile technology, online learning has become increasingly popular among students. Online courses, such as those offered by MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), provide students with convenient access to high-quality educational resources from around the world. However, despite the benefits of online learning, there are also some challenges and considerations that need to be addressed.1.The following passage is about:A. The advantages and disadvantages of online learningB. The impact of online learning on traditional educationC. The history of MOOCs and their role in educationD. The challenges faced by students in online learning2.According to the passage, what is one of the main benefits of online learning?A. It allows students to study at their own paceB. It provides access to a wider range of educational resourcesC. It increases the interaction between students and teachersD. It reduces the cost of education3.The passage mentions that online learning has become increasingly popular due to:A. The advancements in internet technologyB. The decline of traditional education systemsC. The desire for flexible learning schedulesD. All of the above4.What is one of the challenges mentioned in the passage that online learners may face?A. Limited access to technological devicesB. Difficulty in maintaining self-disciplineC. Lack of face-to-face interaction with teachersD. All of the above5.The passage suggests that in order to succeed in online learning, students should:A. Attend online classes regularlyB. Engage in active discussions with peersC. Set clear goals and deadlines for their studiesD. All of the above答案：1.A2.B3.D4.D5.D第二题Reading Passage OneThe rise of the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and accessinformation. One of the most significant impacts has been the transformation of education, with online learning becoming increasingly popular. This passage explores the benefits and challenges of online learning.The Benefits of Online Learning1.Flexibility: Online learning offers students the flexibility to study at their own pace and on their own schedule. This is particularly beneficial for working professionals and those with other commitments.2.Access to a Wide Range of Resources: Online courses often provide access to a wealth of resources, including textbooks, videos, and interactive materials that can enhance the learning experience.3.Diverse Learning Opportunities: Online learning platforms offer a wide variety of courses, ranging from traditional academic subjects to specialized and niche areas of study.4.Cost-Effective: Online courses can be more affordable than traditional classroom-based programs, especially for those who live far from educational institutions.The Challenges of Online Learning1.Self-Discipline: Online learning requires a high level of self-discipline and motivation, as students must manage their time and stay focused without the structure of a traditional classroom.2.Limited Interaction: Online courses often lack the face-to-face interaction that is common in traditional classrooms, which can impact the learning experience and social development of students.3.Technical Issues: Online learning relies heavily on technology, which can lead to technical issues that disrupt the learning process.4.Quality Assurance: With the proliferation of online courses, ensuring the quality and integrity of these courses can be a challenge.Questions:1、What is one of the main advantages of online learning mentioned in the passage?A. It is more expensive than traditional education.B. It requires students to be self-disciplined.C. It provides flexibility in studying.D. It lacks face-to-face interaction.2、According to the passage, what can online learning platforms offer that traditional classrooms might not?A. Limited access to textbooks.B. Fewer specialized courses.C. More interactive learning materials.D. No video resources.3、Which of the following is a challenge that online learning may present?A. Students can easily attend classes at a local university.B. There are no technical issues with online learning.C. It is difficult to ensure the quality of online courses.D. Online learning is always more affordable than traditional education.4、The passage suggests that online learning can be beneficial for:A. Students who prefer face-to-face interaction.B. Individuals with other commitments.C. Those who want to avoid textbooks.D. People who have no access to technology.5、What is one potential drawback of online learning that the passage discusses?A. The ability to study at any time.B. The use of a wide range of resources.C. The possibility of technical disruptions.D. The convenience of studying from home.Answers:1、C2、C3、C4、B5、C七、阅读理解-仔细阅读（选择题，共20分）第一题Reading PassagesIn the following passage, there are some blanks. For each blank there arefour choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.The digital revolution is changing the way we live, work, and communicate. One of the most significant changes is the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making.The potential of AI is enormous. It has the potential to transform industries, improve efficiency, and make our lives more convenient. However, with great power comes great responsibility. The ethical implications of AI are complex and multifaceted.1、The passage is mainly aboutA. the benefits of the digital revolutionB. the rise of artificial intelligenceC. the challenges of the digital revolutionD. the ethical implications of AI2、What is the main concern regarding AI mentioned in the passage?A. Its potential to disrupt traditional industriesB. Its potential to replace human jobsC. Its potential to be used for unethical purposesD. Its potential to cause social inequalities3、The author suggests that AI has the potential to。

考研英语二新题型B练习文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-英语二新题型练习（一）Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by reading information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details givenin the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Make your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)“University history, the history of what man has accomplished in the world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian Thomas Carlyle Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing Debins Illustribus-on Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and author of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s person experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smile wrote self-Help as a catalogueof the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. “The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self -help, of patient purpose resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formationof truly noble and manly character, exhibit.” wrote Smile, “what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself.” His biographies of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josian Wedgwood were held up as beacons toguide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. “The history of allhitherto existing society is the history of class struggles,” wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “It is man, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle, As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood.For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as theyplease; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs becamejust as fascinating as upstairs.练习（二）Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Be sillyB. Have funC. Ask for helpD. Express your emotions.E. Don’t overthink itF. Be easily pleasedG. Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.(1) As adults, it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41___________.(2) What does a child do when he’s sad He cries. When he’s angry He shouts. Scared Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.42__________.A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than afiver but she w as overjoyed, and couldn’t bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43__________.Have you ever noticed how much children laugh If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44__________.The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone)-it doesn’t matter, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending sp ree if you’re on a tight budget.45__________.Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.” And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.练习（三）Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balanceshis love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating atLondon's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriagefailed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, toa certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not abouteating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. Ihave an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet.It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that'snot good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shopat butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, andbe super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses andfish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ￡1.75 a weekfor three months gives you ￡21 - more than" enough for a three-courselunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's ￡16.95 there - or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.练习（四）Directions:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements istrue or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F it the statement isnot true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs andlightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a birds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as up wash. Other birds flying in the up wash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so allcould have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.练习（五）Directions： Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald’s.They a rgue that government action is necessary to curb Britain’s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.“Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity I would suggest that we should be,” said the leader of the UK’s children’s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers ofcrisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign,the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stphenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm andlimiting them on billboards or in cinemas, “If we were really bold, wemight even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,” he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth coaching run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains shouldalso stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”He a lso urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.练习（六）Part BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]You are not alone[B]Experience helps you grow[C]Pave your own unique path[D]Most of your fears are unreal[E]Think about the present moment[F]Don’t fear responsibility for your life[G]There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, romantic relationship or a house .Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.41.Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42.If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43.Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44.No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45.Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining ivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe inyourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.答案练习（一）41.【答案】A【解析】本题答案锁定在第三自然段，第二行讲到“Petrarchbegan...highlighting the virtue of classical heroes” 即彼特拉克在他的书中强调古典英雄的美德。

Phrase Translation
Give the English equivalents to the following Chinese terms.
• 经济双赢 _____________ • 收入不平等 ___________ • 解雇工人 _____________ • 双边协议 _____________ • 市场准入 _____________
Phrase Translation
Give the English equivalents to the following Chinese terms.
• 关税壁垒 _____________ • 劳动生产率 _____________ • 生产要素 _____________ • 回归分析 _____________ • 世界经济复苏 _____________
Phrase Translation
Give the Chinese equivalents to the following English terms.
• full employment _____________ • in-depth analysis _____________ • free-trade agreement ___________ • product differentiation________ • determinative factor ____________
Sentence Translation
这一监控体系最终将取代美国政府对古巴雪 茄进口的上限。
墨西哥和美国之间的争执不会有任何作用， 并可能导致北美自由贸易协定中关税解除的 中断。
在召开部长级会议之前，将举行一次经济合 作商业论坛，重点探讨如何减小全球经济失 衡的纠正对中国的冲击。

高二英语经济体系单选题50题1. In recent years, the price of housing in some big cities has been rising continuously. Which of the following factors mainly affects this phenomenon in terms of economic concepts?A. Supply and demandB. Production costC. Government subsidyD. Technological innovation答案：A。

解析：本题考查经济概念中的供求关系。

在大城市中，住房价格持续上涨，主要原因是供求关系。

随着人口流入大城市，对住房的需求增加，而土地等资源有限，住房的供应相对不足，从而推动房价上涨。

选项B生产成本虽然也可能影响房价，但在大城市房价持续上涨的主要因素还是供求关系。

选项C政府补贴通常会抑制房价上涨而不是导致房价持续上升。

选项D技术创新与房价持续上涨关系不大，不是主要影响因素。

从语法角度看，这是一个主从复合句，“in terms of economic concepts”为介词短语作状语。

2. When the supply of a certain product exceeds the demand, what will usually happen to its price?A. IncreaseB. Remain unchangedC. DecreaseD. Fluctuate randomly答案：C。

解析：本题考查供求关系对价格的影响这一经济概念。

当产品供过于求时，市场上产品数量多于需求数量，为了出售产品，商家往往会降低价格，所以价格通常会下降。

选项A价格增加是供不应求时的情况。

选项B价格保持不变不符合供求关系影响价格的规律。

选项D随机波动不是供过于求时价格的通常走向。

beats scissors
scissors
paper
beats paper
beats rock
R Matrices: 1 r p s
[
r-p-s - 0 --1 - 1 - 1 - 0 --1 --1 - 1 - 0
] [
r p s
R2
r-p-s - 0 - 1 --1 --1 - 0 - 1 - 1 --1 - 0
Back to matching pennies:
R1
H T
[ ]
- 1 -1 --1 1
H T
s*1
H T
[]
1/2 1/2
8
R1(<s*1, s2 >) = 0 for all s2 Minimax optimal guarantees the safety value. Generally, bad opponent choice can help (saddle point).
1
A Natural Fit
Computational {Learning, Game} Theory COLT: –concerned with interaction (learner & distribution)
–worst-case assumption posits an adversary
Why Game Theory at COLT?
Multiple choice: A. MK & MW are interested and got to pick the topic. B. Community on the hunt for new problems.
C. It’s a natural fit„

中国传统文化校园研学活动英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture in SchoolHello everyone! My name is Lily, and I want to tell you about an exciting event that happened at my school recently. We had a special activity called "Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture," and it was so much fun!Our school believes that it's important for us to learn about our country's rich history and traditions. So, our teachers organized this amazing event to help us understand and appreciate Chinese traditional culture. They transformed our school into a lively place filled with colorful decorations and traditional music.The first thing we did was learn about traditional Chinese calligraphy. We were given brushes, ink, and paper, and our teacher taught us how to write some basic Chinese characters. It was quite challenging, but we had a lot of fun trying to make our characters look nice. We even got to take our beautiful calligraphy artworks home as a souvenir!Next, we had a workshop on Chinese paper cutting. We learned how to use scissors to create intricate designs on paper. It was like magic! I made a delicate paper butterfly, and it looked so pretty. We also learned about the meanings behind different paper cutting patterns, like the double happiness symbol for weddings and the fish for good luck.After that, we had a chance to try on traditional Chinese costumes. The girls wore elegant, colorful dresses called "qipao," and the boys wore "changshan," a kind of long robe. We felt like we were in a historical drama! We walked around the school, taking pictures and feeling like princes and princesses from ancient times.In the afternoon, we had a traditional tea ceremony. We learned about different types of tea and how to brew them properly. We even got to taste some delicious tea and learned about the health benefits of drinking tea. I discovered that I really like green tea because it's refreshing and good for you!The highlight of the day was the lion dance performance. Two people wore a lion costume and danced around to the beat of loud drums and cymbals. It was so exciting! The lion moved gracefully and even interacted with the audience. We were all amazed by the acrobatic movements and colorful lion costume.Throughout the day, we also played traditional games like shuttlecock kicking and Chinese yo-yo. It was a lot of fun competing with our friends and learning new skills. We laughed and cheered, and it felt like we were transported back in time to ancient China.I'm so grateful to my school for organizing this wonderful event. It was an incredible opportunity for us to learn about our cultural heritage and appreciate the beauty of Chinese traditional culture. I hope we can have more activities like this in the future so that we can continue to explore and preserve our traditions.In conclusion, the "Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture" event at my school was a fantastic experience. We had the chance to learn calligraphy, paper cutting, traditional costumes, tea ceremonies, and watch a mesmerizing lion dance. It was a day filled with joy, laughter, and appreciation for our rich cultural heritage. I will always cherish the memories of this special day and the knowledge I gained about Chinese traditions.I hope you enjoyed hearing about our adventure in exploring Chinese traditional culture. Thank you for reading!篇2A Wonderful Cultural Adventure at SchoolMy name is Lily and I'm a 5th grader at Springdale Elementary School. Our school recently organized the most incredible cultural study tour and I'm so excited to tell you all about it! We spent an entire week completely immersed in the rich traditions and history of Chinese culture.The tour kicked off bright and early on Monday morning when we arrived at school dressed in our brand new traditional Chinese outfits called hanfu. The boys looked so handsome in their long robes with embroidered dragons and clouds. We girls were decked out in colorful dresses with beautiful floral patterns.I felt like a little princess!Our first stop was the school auditorium which had been marvelously transformed into a museum filled with displays about ancient Chinese philosophy, art, music, clothing, and more. My favorite was probably the area about the Four Classic Novels.I was completely captivated learning about the brave heroes and their adventures in Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, and Dream of the Red Chamber.After the museum tour, we headed to the gymnasium for a traditional lion dance performance put on by students from the local Chinese cultural center. The explosive rhythms of the drumsand cymbals made the enormous lion costumes seem to come alive as they leapt and twirled through the air. I was in awe of the dancers' athleticism and coordination.Next up was a delicious Chinese banquet lunch provided by a renowned local restaurant. We feasted on steaming hot dishes like dumplings, noodles, rice, meat and veggie stir-fries, and bubbling soups. Everything looked and smelled so tantalizing. Using chopsticks was a little tricky at first but I got the hang of it after a few tries. For dessert we enjoyed sweetened bean soups and candied fruits.The afternoon was dedicated to lessons in Chinese arts and crafts. We learned traditional brush painting techniques and created beautiful landscapes with intricate strokes and vibrant colors. The calligraphy class was also really fun as we practiced writing elegant Chinese characters with ink and bamboo pens on special rice paper. My personal favorite was making miniature clay figurines styled after the famous Terracotta Warriors from Xi'an.On Tuesday, we were treated to a spectacular performance of the Peking Opera put on by a celebrated troupe of actors from Beijing. The singing was haunting and melodic while the choreographed movements were precise and meaningful.Although I didn't understand all the lyrics, I was mesmerized by the dazzling costumes and vibrant stage makeup. I'll never forget the climactic battle scene with its intense choreography of martial arts fighting and acrobatics.The middle of the week focused on traditional Chinese wellness practices like tai chi, meditation, and traditional Chinese medicine. An experienced instructor came to teach us the slow, graceful movements of tai chi which helped relax and focus both our minds and bodies. In the meditation class, we learned breathing exercises and mindfulness routines to help reduce anxiety and increase concentration. I even had a private consultation with a traditional Chinese medicine doctor who analyzed my pulse and recommended herbal remedies and acupressure for boosting my energy.Thursday was all about language and literature. We had an engaging lesson on pinyin, the system used for romanizing Mandarin Chinese sounds. We practiced proper tones and pronunciation of basic vocabulary words and phrases. Reading classical Chinese poetry was my favorite part as we analyzed the vivid imagery and profound wisdom embedded in the verses. I'll never forget the line: "A truly great person, in the face of loss, feels not the slightest grief."On our final day, Friday, we put on a showcase for our families to share everything we had learned over the course of the week. All the students participated in a grand finale performance which included a dragon dance, martial arts demonstration, traditional music and dance numbers, plus a fashion show displaying the amazing hanfu garments we had worn all week. The auditorium's stage had been transformed into a beautiful Chinese garden scene with ornate pavilions, bonsai trees, and breathtaking backdrops.After months of preparation by our dedicated teachers and staff, this was such an incredibly immersive and enriching experience! I now have a profound appreciation for the beauty, wisdom and deep traditions of Chinese culture. I'm so grateful my school provided us this wonderful opportunity to connect with our heritage. Experiences like this help shape us into socially conscious global citizens while opening our minds to the marvels of world cultures. It was an unforgettable adventure!篇3Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture in SchoolHi everyone! My name is Lily, and I want to share with you an exciting experience I had in my school recently. We had a specialevent called the "Chinese Traditional Culture Campus Exploration." It was so much fun, and I learned a lot about our amazing traditional culture.First, let me tell you about the activities we did during the exploration. Our school organized various stations where we could learn different aspects of Chinese traditional culture. We had calligraphy, paper cutting, tea ceremony, and even Chinese traditional games! Each station had a teacher or an expert who taught us how to do things the traditional way.At the calligraphy station, we learned how to hold the brush and write beautiful Chinese characters. The teacher showed us different styles of calligraphy and let us try writing our names in Chinese characters. It was challenging, but with practice, we improved a lot!Next, we moved on to the paper cutting station. The teacher taught us how to fold and cut paper to create delicate designs. We made butterflies, flowers, and even Chinese zodiac animals. It was like magic watching our creations come to life!Then, we had the tea ceremony station. We learned about different types of tea and how to brew them properly. The teacher showed us the graceful movements and rituals involvedin serving tea. We even got to taste different flavors and learn about the health benefits of tea.One of my favorite stations was the Chinese traditional games. We played games like shuttlecock kicking, Chinese yo-yo, and jumping rope. It was so much fun competing with my friends and learning about the history and significance of these games. I didn't know that some of these games have been played in China for thousands of years!Besides the activities, we also had a presentation about Chinese traditional festivals and customs. We learned about Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival. It was fascinating to hear about the stories and traditions behind these celebrations. I couldn't wait to share what I learned with my family and friends!The best part of the exploration was that we got to take home some of the things we made. I proudly showed my parents the calligraphy I wrote, the paper cuttings I created, and even made them a cup of tea just like we learned at the tea ceremony. They were amazed and proud of what I had learned.Through this Chinese Traditional Culture Campus Exploration, I realized how rich and diverse our traditional culture is. It made me appreciate the beauty and wisdom of ourancestors. I also learned the importance of preserving and promoting our cultural heritage.I believe that learning about our traditional culture helps us understand and respect our roots. It connects us to our history and shapes our identity as Chinese people. I'm grateful to my school for organizing this wonderful event and giving us the opportunity to explore our cultural heritage.In conclusion, the Chinese Traditional Culture Campus Exploration was an unforgettable experience. I had so much fun learning calligraphy, paper cutting, participating in the tea ceremony, and playing traditional games. It made me proud to be Chinese and inspired me to continue exploring and embracing our rich cultural heritage.That's all for now! I hope you enjoyed hearing about my experience. Thank you for reading!篇4Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture on CampusHello everyone! My name is Lily, and I am a student at Sunshine Elementary School. Today, I want to share with you anexciting experience I had during a school activity called "Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture on Campus."Last week, our school organized a special event to help us learn more about the rich and fascinating Chinese traditional culture. It was a day filled with fun activities that allowed us to immerse ourselves in the traditions and customs of our country.To start the day, we gathered in the school auditorium, where our principal gave a brief introduction about the importance of preserving our cultural heritage. She explained that by understanding our traditional culture, we can better appreciate our roots and pass on these valuable traditions to future generations.After the introduction, we were divided into small groups and assigned different tasks related to Chinese traditional culture. My group's first activity was Chinese calligraphy. We were so excited to try our hand at writing Chinese characters using a brush and ink. Our teacher demonstrated the proper way to hold the brush and showed us some basic strokes. We practiced writing simple characters like "人" (rén) meaning "person" and "山" (shān) meaning "mountain." It was challenging but also a lot of fun!Next, we moved on to the traditional Chinese tea ceremony. We learned about the different types of tea and how to brew tea properly. The tea master showed us the graceful movements involved in pouring and serving tea. We even got to taste some delicious green tea and learned about its health benefits. It was a delightful experience, and we felt like we were part of an ancient tradition.In another corner of the campus, we had a chance to learn about Chinese traditional musical instruments. There were various instruments on display, such as the guzheng, erhu, and pipa. We listened to the beautiful sounds they produced and even had the opportunity to try playing them ourselves. It was amazing to create music with these instruments and appreciate the harmonious melodies of our culture.One of the highlights of the day was the Chinese traditional costume dress-up. We had a collection of colorful traditional costumes to choose from, including the elegant cheongsam and the majestic dragon robe. We dressed up in the costumes and took pictures, feeling like we had traveled back in time to ancient China. It was a fantastic experience to wear these traditional clothes and imagine ourselves as characters from history.Throughout the day, we also had the chance to learn about Chinese traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. We made beautiful paper lanterns and learned how to make dumplings, a traditional Chinese dish often eaten during the Spring Festival. These activities not only taught us about the customs and traditions but also brought us closer as a group.By the end of the day, we were tired but filled with a sense of pride and appreciation for our Chinese traditional culture. We realized the importance of preserving and promoting our heritage. It was a day of laughter, learning, and making new friends who shared the same love for our culture.In conclusion, the "Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture on Campus" activity was an unforgettable experience. It allowed us to get a glimpse into the rich tapestry of our heritage. Through calligraphy, tea ceremonies, music, costumes, and festival activities, we discovered the beauty and depth of Chinese traditional culture. I feel grateful to have had this opportunity, and I hope that more schools can organize similar activities to help students like me connect with our cultural roots. Let's cherish and preserve our traditions for generations to come!Thank you for reading my essay! I hope you enjoyed learning about my wonderful experience exploring Chinese traditional culture on campus.篇5Exploring Traditional Chinese Culture on CampusHi everyone! Today I want to share with you my exciting experience of participating in a traditional Chinese culture study tour at our school. It was so much fun and I learned a lot!Last month, our school organized a special activity called "Exploring Traditional Chinese Culture." The purpose of this activity was to help us understand and appreciate the rich heritage of our country. We had the opportunity to learn about ancient customs, traditional arts, and even try our hand at some traditional crafts.One of the highlights of the study tour was a visit to a local museum. The museum had a special exhibition on Chinese calligraphy and painting. We were amazed to see the beautiful brushwork and intricate details in the artworks. The museum guide explained to us the meanings behind different symbols and characters. We even got to try writing our names using a traditional brush and ink! It was challenging, but so much fun.Another interesting part of the activity was learning about traditional Chinese music and dance. We had a special workshop where we learned to play traditional musical instruments such as the guzheng and erhu. It was like stepping back in time as we listened to the melodious tunes. We also learned some traditional dances, like the ribbon dance and the dragon dance. It was really exciting to move in sync with the music and feel the rhythm.During the study tour, we also had the chance to try our hand at making traditional crafts. We learned how to make paper lanterns and Chinese knot decorations. The teachers showed us step by step, and we followed along eagerly. It was a bit challenging at first, but with practice, we became more skilled. We were so proud of our creations!Apart from these activities, we also learned about traditional Chinese festivals. We had a mini celebration for the Mid-Autumn Festival, where we made and ate delicious mooncakes. We also learned about the Dragon Boat Festival and had a race using mini dragon boats made from paper. It was so much fun cheering for our teams!This study tour not only taught us about traditional Chinese culture but also helped us appreciate our own heritage. It madeus realize how important it is to preserve and pass on our traditions to future generations. We learned that traditional Chinese culture is not just about history, but it is still alive and vibrant today.In conclusion, the traditional Chinese culture study tour was a wonderful experience. We had the chance to explore various aspects of our rich heritage, from calligraphy and painting to music, dance, and crafts. It was a fun and interactive way to learn about our culture. I hope more schools will organize similar activities so that more students can have the opportunity to discover and appreciate the beauty of traditional Chinese culture.That's all for now. Thank you for listening to my story. Let's continue to embrace and celebrate our traditional culture together!篇6Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture: A Fun School TripHi everyone! Today I want to share with you an amazing school trip that I recently went on. We had the opportunity to explore the rich and fascinating world of Chinese traditionalculture through a special activity called "Chinese Traditional Culture Campus Study."Our school organized this activity to help us learn more about our country's heritage. It was a day full of fun and learning! Early in the morning, we boarded the bus with our teachers and classmates, filled with excitement about what lay ahead.Our first stop was a traditional Chinese calligraphy workshop. We were taught by a skilled calligrapher who showed us how to hold the brush and write beautiful Chinese characters. It was challenging at first, but with practice, we started to get the hang of it. We even got to take our calligraphy works home as souvenirs!Next, we visited a tea house where we learned about the art of tea ceremony. The tea master explained the importance of tea in Chinese culture and demonstrated how to brew a perfect cup of tea. We also learned about different types of tea and their health benefits. We even had a chance to taste some delicious tea and guess their flavors.After enjoying our tea, we moved on to a traditional Chinese painting class. We learned about the different painting techniques and styles, and tried our hand at creating our own masterpieces. It was so much fun to mix the colors and createbeautiful landscapes and flower paintings. We felt like little artists!One of the highlights of the trip was a visit to a historical museum. There, we saw ancient artifacts, traditional costumes, and learned about famous Chinese historical figures. We were amazed by the rich history of our country and how it has shaped our culture.In the afternoon, we had a special treat – a traditional Chinese music and dance performance. The performers wore colorful costumes and played traditional instruments like the erhu and pipa. We were mesmerized by the beautiful melodies and graceful dance movements. Some of us even got to try playing the instruments ourselves!As the day came to an end, we gathered together to share our experiences. We talked about what we learned and how much fun we had exploring Chinese traditional culture. It was a day filled with laughter, new friendships, and a deeper appreciation for our heritage.This school trip has sparked a curiosity in me to learn more about our rich traditional culture. I now have a greater understanding and respect for the customs and traditions that have been passed down through generations.In conclusion, the Chinese Traditional Culture Campus Study was an incredible experience. It allowed us to immerse ourselves in the beauty and wisdom of our traditional culture. I hope more schools organize similar activities, so that more children can have the opportunity to explore and appreciate our amazing heritage.That's all for now. Thanks for reading my exciting adventure into Chinese traditional culture. See you next time!Word Count: 435。

高二年级英语经济学原理初探单选题40题1. In a market economy, when the price of a product rises, usually the quantity supplied will ______.A. decreaseB. remain the sameC. increaseD. fluctuate randomly答案：C。

解析：在市场经济中，根据供给定律，当产品价格上升时，通常供给量会增加。

选项A表示减少，这与供给定律相悖；选项B表示保持不变，不符合价格对供给量的一般影响；选项D表示随机波动，没有体现出价格和供给量之间的正向关系。

increase这个词准确表达了供给量随价格上升而增加的经济原理和正确的英语表达。

2. The concept of "demand" in economics refers to ______.A. the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to offerB. the ability and willingness of consumers to buy a good or serviceC. the total amount of goods in a marketD. the price set by the government for a product答案：B。

解析：在经济学中，需求的概念是指消费者购买商品或服务的能力和意愿。

选项A描述的是供给的概念，即生产者愿意提供商品或服务的数量；选项C说的是市场上商品的总量，并非需求的概念；选项D是政府为产品设定的价格，与需求概念无关。

ability和willingness准确表达了需求概念中消费者的能力和意愿这一经济原理，在英语表达上也是准确的。

3. Which of the following best describes a "competitive market"?A. A market where there is only one seller.B. A market where a few large companies control the price.C. A market with many buyers and sellers, and no single entity can influence the price significantly.D. A market where the government decides all the prices.答案：C。

高二年级英语经济学原理初探单选题60题1. When the price of a product rises, and the quantity demanded decreases significantly, this shows a high degree of _.A. Elasticity of demandB. Inelasticity of demandC. UtilityD. Scarcity答案：A。

解析：本题考查需求弹性（Elasticity of demand）的概念。

当产品价格上升，需求量大幅下降时，这表明需求对价格变动很敏感，即需求弹性大。

选项B表示需求缺乏弹性，与题意不符；选项C是效用的意思，与题干所描述现象无关；选项D是稀缺性，也不符合题意。

2. The cost of giving up the next best alternative when making a decision is called _.A. Fixed costB. Variable costC. Opportunity costD. Marginal cost答案：C。

解析：本题考查机会成本（Opportunity cost）的定义。

在做决策时放弃的次优选择的成本就是机会成本。

选项A固定成本是不随产量变化而变化的成本；选项B可变成本是随产量变化而变化的成本；选项D边际成本是增加一单位产量所增加的成本，均不符合题意。

3. In a market, if the supply of a certain product is much less than the demand, the product is _.A. SurplusB. DeficitC. ScarceD. Abundant答案：C。

解析：本题考查稀缺（Scarce）的概念。

在市场中，如果一种产品的供给远小于需求，这种产品就是稀缺的。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版交际用语（单选题）1、- Aren't you crazy about tennis? Why not sign up for it?-_________________正确选项1.It sounds attractive.2、- Catherine, would you give some opinions about my PPT?-_____________________, however, I have one suggestion.正确选项:It looks fine to me3、- Cheer up and pay more attention to your colleagues and things will be muchbetter.-_________________正确选项:Thank you very much.4、- China Mobile customer service. Good morning! Can I helpyou? -_____________________正确选项:I have trouble in dialing the telephone.5、- Diana, do you eat apple every day?-_________________正确选项:No, sometimes I'd have a boiled egg.6、- Do you know when we will have the welcome party?-_________________正确选项:Tomorrow evening.7、- Doctor, I've got a sore throat and fever. I'm afraid I've got a flu.- Let me have a look._________________正确选项:Take it easy, you just got a cold.8、- Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the Seafood market?-_________________正确选项:Sorry, I'm a stranger here.9、- Excuse me, is this the right direction for the National Arts Museum?-_________________正确选项:You are in the opposite direction.10、- Good morning, Susan. Would you mind going to get me a cup of coffee?-_________________正确选项:No problem! You want the usual?11、- Hilary, I'd appreciate it if you could help me with the opening speech I'm giving next week.-_________________，but I'll have some time between five and six p.m.正确选项:Well, it's pretty busy this afternoon12、- How about getting together for a cartoon movie tonight?-_________________What's playing tonight?正确选项:That's a good idea.13、- I apologize for the terrible mistake I made yesterday.-_________________正确选项:Never mind.14、- I get at least half an hour exercise of listening English every day.-Terrific!_________________正确选项:Keep it up!15、- I'll be free from 3:00 tomorrow afternoon. Do you think it's convenient foryou?-_________________正确选项:That's quite all right.16、- I'm afraid we have to change the appointment. I have something important to do.-_________________正确选项:That's all right.17、- I'm leaving for Tibet on business tomorrow.-_________________正确选项:Have a pleasant trip!18、- I'm much obliged to you for your help.-_________________正确选项:It's my pleasure.19、- Is it better to be physically attractive or intelligent?-_________________正确选项:For me, be intelligent is better, but that depends on.20、- Is the flight from Shanghai to Singapore on time?-_________________正确选项:No, it's delayed two hours.21、- It shouldn't take long to sweep up after sports meeting if we have more volunteers.- That's right. _________________正确选项:Many hands make light work.22、- Long time no see, Jeffery? Do you still remember me?-_________________正确选项:Oh, it's you, Doctor Lin. Nice to meet you!23、- Sir, I've come to complain about the printer I bought in your shop yesterday.-_________________正确选项:What's matter with it?24、- Thank you ever so much for the Huawei Watch you sent me.-_________________正确选项:I'm glad you like it.25、- What an awful day!-_________________正确选项:Yes, the heat is killing me.26、- What would you like to have for lunch?-_________________Would you like to have a taste?正确选项:Egg roll and salad I bought this morning.27、- Why didn't you invite Elisabeth to join your new program?- You know she's_________________正确选项:a wet blanket.28、- Why do you look so unhappy? Is there anything wrong with you?-_________________正确选项:It's my skin. It's so dry and rough.29、- Why not join us for an exciting weekend?-_________________正确选项:I'll be glad to.30、-_________________- Can you tell me something about your new product?正确选项:What can I help you, Sir?31、-How do you like Vivian Leigh?-_________________正确选项:She is amazing.32、-Oh. Dear! I've lost my new iPad mini.-_________________正确选项:What a pity!词汇与结构（单选题）1、________ a choice of two jobs, the man decided to take the one which was more challenging. 正确选项:When offered2、________ had he graduated from the college than he went into an IT company.正确选项:No sooner3、________ home than it began to rain.正确选项:No sooner had Helen reached4、________ language, maths and history, the children are also taught music and art.正确选项:In addition to5、________ more than one hundred elements are known, only twenty-five of them are common and important.正确选项:Although6、________ still young, Mr. Rogers has had amazing achievement in physic.正确选项:As7、________ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.正确选项:Having been given8、________ that in Africa French is one of most widely used languages.正确选项:There is no doubt9、________ the future, we are full of confidence.正确选项:Looking into10、________, Prof. Bradley was out when we called.正确选项:Unfortunately11、A high-quality company must promote originality and encourage ________.正确选项:innovation12、All students are eager to know ________ they will pass the exam or not.正确选项:whether13、All the lights ________ before we left the office.正确选项:had been turned off14、All the people in the classroom are frustrated ________ the few who have passed the test. 正确选项:except for15、Although she said that she would go there with me, she still had a ________ look on her face. 正确选项:doubtful16、Anyone who had been in your position _______ the same.正确选项:would have done17、As there is no car now, we have to go home ________.正确选项:on foot18、Can you give me some advice ________?正确选项:how I can improve my English19、Contraction should not be used in _______writing.正确选项:formal20、Could you please tell me ________?正确选项:where the nearest post office is located21、Doctor Black is reputed to be the best heart ________ in the country.正确选项:surgeon22、Elisabeth asked Michael if it was the place ________ he bought the flowers.正确选项:where23、Energy can be transformed ________ one form ________ another ________ different ways.正确选项:from … into … in24、He is a hard-working student, and ________ a solid foundation of every subject.正确选项:lays25、He seems ________ to handle the tough problems.正确选项:able26、Henry said that either his father or his uncle ________ to attend the class meeting.正确选项:was going27、I accepted my eyebrow surgery, the ________ and patient doctor was really helpful during my recovery period.正确选项:gracious28、I apologize for not __________ my promise.正确选项:keeping29、I arrived ______ Beijing ______ 10 o'clock ______ July 8.正确选项:in…at…on30、I can ________ him to you for the job, for he is a very good software engineer.正确选项:recommend31、I remembered _________ the problem before they asked me.正确选项:investigating32、I told the foreign guests that it was in the house ______ we used to live that the exhibition was held.正确选项:where33、I walked as fast as I could, but I couldn't __________ him.正确选项:catch up with34、I was about ________ the office when the telephone rang.正确选项:to leave35、I wonder how many years ago ________.正确选项:your father retired36、I'm looking forward ________ you.正确选项:to hearing from37、I'm writing ________ my mother, to express her thanks for your gift.正确选项:on behalf of38、I've made ________ mistakes than you have.正确选项:more39、If you want to download this file, you need to connect your mobile phone _______ Internet first.正确选项:to40、In tests, this kind animals ________ back home after being placed in a field a mile away. 正确选项:navigate41、In this COVID-19 emergency medical team there are ten ________.正确选项:women nurses42、It is ________ of you to turn off the TV set while others are going over their lessons. 正确选项:considerate43、It is known to all that a lot of actor industry ________ accepted plastic surgery.正确选项:celebrities44、It is only through practice ________ one will learn English well.正确选项:that45、It is said that this kind of kiwi fruit ________, however they taste delicious.正确选项:is highly priced46、It looked as though the hurricane had an _________ lot of force.正确选项:awful47、It seems to me that the curtains do not ________ the decoration.正确选项:match48、It's free from the Google Play store and our Remote Service is offered free of ________. 正确选项:charge49、It's required that the student ________ the term paper tomorrow.正确选项:finish50、It's very smart ________ of such a terrific idea.正确选项:of you to think51、Lucy, I need to tell you ________.正确选项:something urgent52、Many houses are reported ________ in the storm.正确选项:to have been destroyed53、Mary is ________ to join the army.正确选项:not old enough54、Most of their equipment ________has been shipped ahead of schedule.正确选项:has been shipped55、Mr. Brown lost his job last month so the family had to ________ on expenses.正确选项:cut down56、Mr. Bultmann would much ________ it if you could do him the favor.正确选项:appreciate57、Mr. Smith will be ________ the office next week when the manager is away.正确选项:in charge of58、Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the company ________.正确选项:was accepted59、Never before that accident ________ so great my responsibility was.正确选项:did I feel60、No one thought that John's proposal was worth ________.正确选项:considering61、Now that the ________ shock was wearing off, he was in considerable pain.正确选项:initial62、Nowadays many companies are ________ from a shortage of skilled staff.正确选项:suffering63、Nowhere else in the world _________ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.正确选项:can you find64、Please write down the ________ about the conversation we heard today with time order and cause-effect.正确选项:summary65、Richard, _________, works in isolation but I have no doubts about his abilities.正确选项:for instance66、Since the bus is overcrowded, we ________.正确选项:had better walk home67、Smart wearable bands should not imitate but instead _________ their own unique design. 正确选项:insist on68、So far as I'm ________, some other arrangement would have been satisfactory.正确选项:concerned69、So little ________ about chemistry that the lecture was completely beyond me.正确选项:did I know70、Some of the experiments ________ in our textbook are difficult to perform.正确选项:described71、That's the hotel ________ last year.正确选项:where we stayed72、The basketball team ________ made up of 10 players.正确选项:is73、The best way _______ the principle is to see how it actually works in practice.正确选项:to understand74、The book is ________ more difficult than the one I read last week.正确选项:much75、The company ________ a working prototype in September at its annual Technology Innovation Conference in Beijing.正确选项:demonstrated76、The country needs a defence ________ as insurance against the unexpected.正确选项:capability77、The customer ________ to the storekeeper about the poor quality of the refrigerator.正确选项:complained78、The difficulty of a project was defined ________ how long it took to complete.正确选项:in terms of79、The faint sound is ________ undetectable to the human ear.正确选项:virtually80、The first thing ______ you should do is to observe the object carefully.正确选项:that81、The minister said that the COVID-19 patients ________ to hospital and cured free of charge. 正确选项:would be sent82、The municipal government gives citizens free ________ all the parks.正确选项:access to83、The new system of taxation will take ________ next year.正确选项:effect84、The output of our company this month is _______ that of last month.正确选项:twice as much as85、The parents will never forget that it was ______ who had saved their child's life.正确选项:he86、The performance of the first three clowns ________ very funny.正确选项:was87、The reason why I plan to go there is ________ if I don't.正确选项:that she will be disappointed88、The whole experience was _________ more positive than negative.正确选项:definitely89、The whole nation is involved in the ________ to stop drug abuse.正确选项:campaign90、There was an car accident happened, _______ 16 people and with more than 23 ________.正确选项:killing; injured91、These platforms are going to get cheaper while becoming more capable and more ________. 正确选项:compact92、They talked to each other ________ they had been friends for years.正确选项:as though93、They want the multimedia laboratory ________ as soon as possible.正确选项:to be set up94、This candidate _________ Spanish for six years by the time he takes his examination.正确选项:will have studied95、This disease lowers the body's ________ to infection.正确选项:resistance96、This girl used to be very shy, but now she's gone to the opposite ________.正确选项:extreme97、Tim can't _______ the maths problem he is working at.正确选项:figure out98、Two little pandas have just ________ for the zoo.正确选项:been bought99、We consider it no use ________ these figures by heart.正确选项:learning100、We have great interest in folk music, so ______ Jack ______ I are going to the concert this evening.正确选项:both…and101、What our team leader said yesterday didn't ________ you.正确选项:apply to102、When an element is caused to ________ with oxygen it is oxidized.正确选项:combine103、While reading an article, we should ________ our attention _______ the meaning of the whole article rather than that of the new words.正确选项:focus...on104、With all this work on hand, he ________ to the cinema last night.正确选项:shouldn't have gone105、With the introduction of the computer, libraries today are quite different from ______ they were in the past.正确选项:what106、You ________ afraid of any difficulties. Be bold and overcome them.正确选项:need not be107、You can schedule your tasks to improve ________.正确选项:efficiency108、You can stay in my room ______ you promise not to use the computer.正确选项:unless109、Young people are doing their best with the limited resources ________.正确选项:available阅读理解（单选题）Baidu, China's leading search engine company, has unveiled its own eyewear called Baidu Eye. It is said to be a different product from Google Glass in terms of functionality. The compan省略...1、Baidu Eye has the new functions EXCEPT _______ .正确选项:searching by text2、From the passage, we can know that Google Glass ________ .正确选项:has screen3、The purpose to design Baidu Eye is to __________ .正确选项:support image search4、We can infer from the passage that ________ .正确选项:Baidu Eye will be very popular in future5、What is the best title for the passage?正确选项:Google Glass? Baidu Eye!Can trees talk? Yes, but not in words. Scientists have reason to believe that trees do communicate (交际) with each other. Not long ago, researchers learned some surprising things. First a willow tree a省略...1、According to the passage, the willow tree was able to communicate with other trees by ______. 正确选项:giving off a special smell2、According to this passage, bees communicate by ______.正确选项:making special movement3、It can be concluded from the passage that caterpillars do not feed on leaves that ______. 正确选项:have an unpleasant taste4、The author believes that the incident described in the passage ______.正确选项:seems completely reasonable5、The willow tree described in the passage protected itself by ______.正确选项:changing its leaf chemistryIf you think 3D printing is only good for making flimsy paperweights, then you're pretty much right. However, a group of audacious Dutch architects have already begun 3D printing an entire canal house省略...1、How long will it take for the 3D printer to make the canal house in Amsterdam?正确选项:Less than 3 years.2、What have the Dutch architects begun to use the 3D printer to do according to the passage? 正确选项:To print an entire canal house.3、What is the weakness of the 3D printer mentioned in the passage?正确选项:It cannot always spread the plastic evenly.4、Where did KamerMaker begin printing plastic furniture and walls several weeks ago?正确选项:It was at an empty canal-side lot in northern Amsterdam.5、Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?正确选项:Someone is going to move into this canal house soon.WHY BUILD A SPACE ELEVATOR? The space elevator will reduce the cost of getting from Earth to space. It will also allow us to take very large payloads into space very easily, very safely 省略...1、If a space elevator is built, what can't be built by us?正确选项:Skyscrapers in space.2、The main reason of building a space elevator instead of using rockets is that _____.正确选项:the cost of building a space elevator is a fraction of using rockets3、What does the word “outweigh” in Paragraph 4 mean?正确选项:Be greater than.4、Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this passage?正确选项:Why do we need to build a space elevator?5、Which of the following statements is NOT correct, when you are riding the space elevator? 正确选项:You can't see the stars in the middle of the day.Would a robot serving you coffee in bed make waking up easier on weekday mornings? Could a household robot help an elderly relative who is living alone? How would you like to climb into a robotic car 省略...1、According to the passage, a robot in the future can_____ .正确选项:serve you coffee in the bed2、Chad Jenkins believes that_____ .正确选项:drones are the initial steps of development3、Dmitry Grishin _____.正确选项:established an investment firm4、Robots have to become automatons that can truly learn because _____.正确选项:it's impossible to pre-program a robot for everything it will meet with5、Which of the following statements is NOT true?正确选项:The robot platforms are going to be invaluable and costly.阅读理解（判断题）By 2050, the world's population is projected to rise to 9 billion from just over 7 billion currently. Proponents of genetically modified foods say they are safe and can boost harvests even in bad cond省略...1、Para. 1 mentions that advocates of genetically modified food argue that GM food can meet the demands of increasing population.正确选项:T2、Para. 1 mentions that the risks of genetic engineering are not that horrible.正确选项:F3、Para. 2 mentions that insect-resistant genetically modified food has only showed a fairly small increase in production.正确选项:T4、Para. 3 mentions that the current food production is enough to feed the whole global population. 正确选项:F5、Para. 5 tells us that uneven distribution leads to the starvation of 870 million people in the world.正确选项:TDo you prefer coffee or tea? The answer to that question might in part be down to your genes, research suggests. Scientists say a genetic predisposition to perceiving the bitterness of 省略...1、A genetic predisposition to perceiving the bitterness of particular substances makes us always prefer to coffee.正确选项:F2、According to this passage, the answer to the question “Do you prefer coffee or tea? ” might in part be down to your genes.正确选项:T3、People with an increased perception of the bitterness of caffeine drank a little more coffee. 正确选项:T4、The preference towards tea can be seen as a consequence of absorbing from coffee.正确选项:F5、The underlined word “prop” in Para. 3 refers to a small object such as a book, weapon etc, used by actors in a play or film.正确选项:FJune 17 Excitement is in the air. Gardener said we will soon be returning to Earth. Our part of the mission is nearly complete and the new crew will take over for us. I am a bit worried about B省略...1、Para. 1 contains the information that the blossom of space-grown sunflower is different from that on Earth.正确选项:F2、Para. 2 mentions that gardener will soon be returning to Earth and the new crew will take care of the space-grown plants like Broccoli, Sunflower, and Zucchini.正确选项:F3、Para. 3 tells us that gardener is reluctant to leave the space since he had tears in his eyes when he said goodbye to the space plants.正确选项:F4、Para. 4 mentions that gardener transplanted Broccoli, Sunflower, little Zuc, and Zucchini into very small bags which can only contain their root ball and a splash of water.正确选项:T5、Para. 5 contains the information that gardener and his crew will leave on July :正确选项:TKenya has east Africa's largest economy. Its capital city is growing quickly, but so is the city's crime rate. Thieves in the capital steal an average of 10 cars each day. Kelvin Machar省略...1、The owners can send any text messages to stop the vehicle.正确选项:F2、The smart anti-theft system uses a computer or a mobile phone to tell owners the location of stolen cars.正确选项:T3、Thieves in the capital steal 10 cars each day.正确选项:F4、This new kind of smart anti-theft devices were assembled in China.正确选项:T5、Tony Wanga has spent $750 buying trackers for his minibus taxis.正确选项:TLiverpool city council want to clear the city of fat pigeons. They say that people are feeding the birds, which makes them fat. The pigeons get bigger because their normal diet would consist of seeds 省略...1、A peregrine falcon likes to eat pigeons.正确选项:T2、According to the council, everyone is to blame for the numbers of pigeons.正确选项:F3、Pigeons get fat because they eat seeds and insects.正确选项:F4、The robotic birds can move around the city centre.正确选项:F5、They want the pigeons to move out of the city centre.正确选项:TMy mother fought breast cancer for almost a decade and died at 56. My children never have the chance to know her and experience how loving and gracious she was. We often speak of “Mommy's mommy”, and 省略...1、Angelina Jolie carries a “faulty” gene, BRCA1, which sharply increases her risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer.正确选项:T2、Angelina Jolie never have the chance to know her mother and experience how loving and gracious she was.正确选项:F3、Angelina Jolie said it is not easy to have a mastectomy, but it is a worthwhile choice. 正确选项:T4、Angelina Jolie will have no chances of developing breast cancer after the mastectomy.正确选项:F5、The cost of testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 is not a big problem for many women.正确选项:FSomething else could be coming soon to a vehicle near you: more technology, the kind that could help your car talk to others around it. Unlike some proposed cars of the future, it would not actually d省略...1、According to the text, the future vehicles can let the drivers see the area behind the car. 正确选项:F2、According to the text, the future vehicles can tell you about what other drivers are doing. 正确选项:T3、The cars would send text messages to each other within about 300 yards.正确选项:F4、The government is pushing for technology that would not increase the cost of the car.正确选项:F5、The government is pushing for technology that would warn drivers of danger coming from any direction.正确选项:TThere is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work.For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be hel省略...1、According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer” (Lines 3-4, Para.3) means learning specific programs.正确选项:T2、In the second paragraph “auto repair” and “violin-making” are mentioned to show that people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer programming.正确选项:T3、Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because programs are becoming less complicated.正确选项:F4、The author's purpose in writing this passage is to explain the concept of computer literacy. 正确选项:T5、To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car.正确选项:F。

北京市海淀区2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中试题第一部分:学问运用(共三节，28分)第一节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

AKoshiba had a legendary life. When he was a kid, he dreamed of being a soldier or musician, but his dream was broken when his right hand was damaged by polio(小儿麻痹症).While in the hospital, he read Adlbert Einstein’s books and __1__ (become) interested in physics. He never made it to the top of his physics class in high school, but went on to study at the University of Tokyo, then the University of Rochester, __2__ he earned his PhD. “There are things in the world you can achieve despite poor academic records.” Koshiba said.”What __3__ (count) most is adopting an active attitude toward studying.BZoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are __4__ (particular) important for endangered species. Many animals are critically __5__ danger and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going wrong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only animals __6__ are kept in zoos survive. Even those critics of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether, as animals held in zoos__7__ (protect) from serious threat.C(8) __________ (wear) different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding (9) __________ to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, put on navy blue or black. Blue would also be helpful for aninterview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and make you feel energetic, (10)___be careful, as it can raise your heart rate and not everyone want this effect. So think carefully before you leave your house.其次节选词填空（共6小题;每小题1分，共6分)阅读下面的短文，驾驭其大意，从方框中选择适当的词填空，其中有两项为多余选项。

英二冲刺阅读与新题型讲义一、经常出题信息处1、举例处常考41. Minority languages can be best preserved in ___.（07p1）A. an increasingly interconnected worldB. maintaining small numbers of speakersC. relatively isolated language communitiesD. following the tradition of the 20thcentury原文Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.54. The author mentions C olleen’s example to show ___.（08p3）A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad原文：Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen, for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. “I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of m y own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”2、最高级、绝对信息处常考43. According to the author, bilingualism can help ___.（07p1）A. small languages become acceptable in work placesB. homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC. global languages reach home and community settingsD. speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity原文：Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism (mastery of two languages). Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres—at home, among friends, in community settings—anda global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In thisway, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing (同化的) forces of globalization.3、数字、年代处常考39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, ___.[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished（1975）[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community（1975）[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system（1975）原文In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required（比较inquire, acquire）them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. /In the land mark（划时代意义的）1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.4、长难句处常考They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits二、五种题型解题技巧1、细节题Text 1When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” p reached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting -- also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” -- has,ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not s o much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.3. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [C] extreme stress[B] a bit of everything [D] anti-consumerismText 2In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagini ng that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of ―fast fashion‖. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed ma ss-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. ―Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,‖ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SarahKate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her _______.[A] lack of imagination [B] poor bargaining skill[C] obsession with high fashion [D] insensitivity to fashion22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to _______.[A] combat unnecessary waste[B] shop for their garments more frequently[C] resist the influence of advertisements[D] shut out the feverish fashion world2、推理题Text 3Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that .[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailiesText 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I Love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured bymoment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring________.[A] temporary delight.[B] enjoyment in progress.[C] happiness in retrospect.[D] lasting reward.Text 5“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical. [B] Appreciative. [C] Contemptuous. [D] Tolerant.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests _______.[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languagesText 4Sometimes the biggest changes in society are the hardest to spot precisely because they are hiding in plain sight. It could well be that way with wireless communications. Something that people think of as just another technology is beginning to show signs of changing lives, culture, politics, cities, jobs, even marriages dramatically. In particular, it will usher in a new version of a very old idea: nomadism.Futurology is a dangerous business, and it is true that most of the important arguments about mobile communications at the moment are to do with technology or regulation—bandwidth, spectrum use and so on. Yet it is worth jumping ahead and wondering what the social effects will be, for two reasons. First, the broad technological future is pretty clear: there will be ever faster cellular networks, and many more gadgets to connect to these networks. Second, the social changes are already visible: parents on beaches waving at their children while typing furtively on their BlackBerrys; entrepreneurs discovering they don’t need offices after all. Everybody is doing more on the move.1. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that _____.[A] social changes are complex in nature[B] people may ignore wireless communications changes[C] nomadism is nothing new in society[D] everybody can work outside their offices3、主旨题Text 5Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the shool board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework____.[A] is receiving more criticism [B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses [D]is gaining more preferences22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A] tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3’one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework*B+result in students’ indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests*D+restrict teachers’ power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4 a key question unanswered about homework is_____.[A] it should be eliminated [B] it counts much in schooling[C] it places extra burdens on teachers [D] it is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be____.[A] wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C] Thorny Questions about Homework[D] A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 6During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lostthe parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This ―added-worker effect‖ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen –and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security. [B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest. [D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare. [B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions. [D] increas e the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict [D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 7In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw- having extractedthem from the months of his slaves.Th at’s far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children- though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jeffers on’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery wad regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations. [B] military experience.[C] financial conditions. [D] political stand.Text 8The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than £ 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $ 65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that follow ed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearl y 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ___.[A] the art market had witnessed a succession of victories[B] the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids[C] Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces[D] it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Para.3), the author suggests。

3897国开电大专科《商务英语1》形考任务(单元自测1至8)试题及答案(精华版)说明：资料为国开平台形考和期末纸质考试的必备资料。

单元自测1 试题及答案题目为随机，用快捷键查找功能搜索题目[题目]―Can you please tell me about your responsibilities？―_________________.[答案] Yes.I was in charge of the northwest region of China.附：[题目]——你能告诉我你的职责吗？——_________________。

[回答] 是的。

我负责中国的西北地区。

[题目]―Could you give me an example of good team working there？―_________________.[答案] Sure.I was the treasurer of the Students’ Union.附：[题目]——你能给我举一个在那里工作的优秀团队的例子吗？——_________________。

[回答] 当然可以。

我是学生会的财务主管。

[题目]―I believed Ted only from his resume.In fact he is not qualified for his job.―_________________.[答案] Oh, it’s such a pity!附：[题目]——我只是从他的简历中相信泰德。

事实上，他不适合这份工作。

——_________________。

[回答] 唉，真可惜！[题目]―We had a very small budget and I had to make decisions on what to buy.―_________.so you're a good planner.[答案] Very impressive附：[题目]——我们的预算非常少，我必须决定买什么。

高二英语经济规律单选题50题1. In a small town, there are only a few large companies that control most of the market. This is an example of _.A. perfect competitionB. monopolistic competitionC. oligopolyD. monopoly答案：C。

解析：本题考查市场结构相关知识。

寡头垄断（oligopoly）是指少数几家厂商控制整个市场的产品的生产和销售的这样一种市场组织。

在这个小镇上只有少数几家大公司控制大部分市场，符合寡头垄断的特点。

选项A完全竞争（perfect competition）是指有许多企业生产和销售同质产品，市场参与者都是价格接受者的市场结构，与题意不符。

选项B垄断竞争 monopolistic competition）是许多厂商生产和销售有差别的同种产品的市场组织，这里强调的是少数大公司控制市场，不是垄断竞争。

选项D垄断（monopoly）是指一个企业完全控制一个行业的全部供给的市场结构，这里是少数几家公司而非一家公司控制市场，所以也不正确。

2. When the demand for a product is greater than the supply, what usually happens to the price?A. It stays the sameB. It decreasesC. It fluctuates randomlyD. It increases答案：D。

解析：根据供求关系原理，当需求（demand）大于供给 supply）时，通常会出现供不应求的情况，在这种情况下价格会上升（increase）。

选项A价格保持不变不符合供求关系对价格的影响规律。

选项B价格下降是在供大于求的情况下才会发生的。

2022年12月英语四级真题及参考答案完整版英语四级试卷采用多题多卷的形式，大家核对答案时,找出具体选项，忽略套数。

无忧考网搜集整理了各个版本，仅供大家参考。

News 1(01) The World Pipe Band Championships will take place in Glasgow on Saturday. Over 120 of the world's best pipe bands will compete at the Champship. Over 4,000 pipers and drummers are expected to descend on the city for the annual event. It will take place at the St. James playing fields in Glasgow on Saturday 18 May from 10:00 am until 7:00 pm. The event is free. Also, a free shuttle bus will run between the event car parks and the competition site. Shuttle buses will run every 15 minutes from 8:00 am until 8:00 pm. (02) Glasgow City Council says it is estimated to bring 300,000 pounds to the local economy. The first World Pipe Band championships were held in Edinburgh in 1947. The event first took place in Glasgow in 1948. It has been held regularly in Glasgow since 1986.Q1. What event will take place in Glasgow?A) A sports competition.B) A yearly concertC) A free car show.D) A pipe band contest.KEYS：D)A pipe band contest.Q2. What does Glasgow City Council say the event will do？A) Improve the image of Glasgow city.B) Enrich the local culture of Giasgow.C) Contribute a lot to the local economyD) Entertain people in local communities.KEYS：C) Contribute a lot to the local economy.News 2Summer doesn't begin for two more days, but scientists are already sounding the alarm (03) about dangerous ice melts going on right now in Greenland, the vast island usually locks away enough fresh water in its ice sheet, which if melted, can raise global sea levels by six meters. And research shows that in recent years, its ice has melted faster than ever before.This month as temperatures in Northwestern Greenland approach, all time highs, researchers are encountering unusual,surprising levels of melting ice in the region. The most significant concern here is how early this is all happening. Greenland experiences, annual ice melt and growth cycles. But this year, the melting season began in the early May. (04) That's a month earlier than normal, and something that's happened only once before in the historical record in 2016. That means that not only is the ice melting very fast, it has more time to melt this summer than it would in a normal climate system. Longer melt seasons like this one seem to lead to much greater contributions to sea level rise than in previous decades.Q3. What is scientists warning in the news report?A)Surprising risc in global sea levelsB)Dangerous ice melts in GreenlandC) Changing weather patterns in summer.D) Record growth of Greenland's ice sheets.KEYS:B) Dangerous ice melts in Greenland.Q4. What do we learn about this year's ice melting season in Greenland?A) It began in late May.B) It lasted three months.C) It started a month earlier than usual.D) It ended a month earlier than before.KEYS:C) It started a month earlier than usual.News 3Turning up on the streets of Black Hall Collary in Northern England, according to police, (05) residents of the village have been coming across bundles of 20 pound notes, usually worth 2000 pounds in the former mining village in County Durham. The latest discovery was on Monday, meaning four of these cash bundles have been handed in this year and 13 since 2014. The bundles are usually left in plain sight and have been scattered across the small coastal village. The owner has two weeks to collect the cash, which is then returned to the finder, if not claimed, according to Peter Lee Police, Durham Police spokesperson (06) said the money has been returned to the lucky finders in all cases except yesterday. Policeman John Forster said in a statement the circumstances remain a mystery, so we would welcome any information that will help us get to the bottom of these random incidents. He told the Northern Echo, it isn't an affluent part of the world. So for them to find cash of that amount and instantly think about taking it to the police stations, (07) shows the community spirit.Q5. What happened on the streets of Black Hall Collary?A) Bun dles of £20 notes kept tuning up.B) A villager was searching for his lost cash.C) Local policemen came across bundles of £20 notesD) A bundle containing thousands of pounds got stolenKEYS：A) Bundles of £20 notes kept tuning up.Q6. What did the local police do with the money, if not claimed in two weeks?A)They give it to charity,B) They return it to the finder.C) They hand it over to the local government.D) They place a notice in The Northern Echo.KEYS：B)They return it to the finder.Q7. What did the policeman John Forrester say about the villagers?A) They cooperated well with the police.C) They were puzzled by the mystery.B) They enjoyed a fairly affluent lifeD) They had a strong community spirit.KEYS：D)They had a strong community spiriti.Conversation 1W: It's your birthday next week. What have you got planned?M: I'm not sure. (08) I often feel strange on my birthday. It's like my brain decides to have a crisis.W: It's not entirely unusual to feel anxious or sad around your birthday. Birthdays can tap into a lot of things people worry about, including their achievements in life in the past decade or their accomplishments of the past year. (09 )Many begin to search for the meaning of their existence leading to behaviors such as ending or starting a relationship or plans like starting a vigorous diet or fitness program. M: (10) I have wonderful friends and I love celebrating their birthdays, but I don't like being the center of attention, receiving gifts and having a fuss made.It seems to trigger a type of social anxiety. I think social media too can intensify things as birthdays now play out more publicly. Birthday reminders can be helpful, but I kind of worry I won't be able to drum up my own day and show it to look as exciting as it is supposed to be.W: Well, to deal with the birthday blues, you should not isolate yourself.It's best to gradually face your birthday with people you trust that would help you learn self-acceptance or that it's okay to be the focus.M: Perhaps, or I could perceive my birthday as an opportunity to do something forothers. Like asking people to make a donation instead of buying a gift.W: (11) Exactly. Or even simply see your birthday as an opportunity to bring people together for them to have fun.Q8. How does the man often feel on his birthday?A) Excited.C) Indifferent.B) Delighted.D) Strange.KEYS: D) StrangeQ9. What does the woman say many people tend to do on their birthday?A) Search for the meaning of their life.C) Call on their relatives and friends.B) Look back on their years at school.D) Talk about future plans with friends.KEYS:A) Search for the meaning of their life.Q10. What does the man say about birthday celebrations?A) He prefers to have them shown on social media.B) He loves them but does not want to make a fuss.C)He enjoys celebrating others" birthdays rather than his own.D)Helooks forward to receiving presents from his close friends.KEYS:C) He enjoys celebrating others' birthdays rather than his own.Q11. What does the woman suggest the man do about his birthday celebration at the end of the conversation?A) Hold it on a modest scale to remove birthday anxieties.B) View it as a chance for people to socialize and have fun.C) Extend invitation to those he trusts mostD) Make it an occasion to collect donations.KEYS:B )View it as a chance for people to socialize and have fun.Conversation 2W: The metro was absolutely terrible this morning.M: Oh, was there a delay?W: No, but the train was so packed that I could barely move, and it was difficultto breathe too. At every station, more people squeezed in and I got pushed further and further inside. When I got to my station, I could hardly get out. Once I did get out, (12) I was totally exhausted.M: That sounds like a nightmare. Why didn't you take the bus?W: The bus takes twice as long and it's just as crowded.M: Well, what's the alternative? Haven't you got a car?W: I've got a driver's license, but that's all. (13) I'm saving up to buy something reasonably small and cute, but it's still a bit expensive for me and it'll take a while before I have enough money.M: Have you thought about getting an electric motorbike?W: I considered that for a maybe a minute. But honestly, (14) I've just seen too many horrible accidents involving those dangerous monsters.M: What about those popular share bikes? You could register to use one.W: Yeah, that's a possibility. There are always several of those bikes out in front of our apartment complexes.M: Or you could just walk to work.W: Well, it's five kilometers from home to the office. But you've given me a thought.I could take a change of clothes and jog to work. But at this time of year, the air pollution is a real problem.M：Oh yeah, I didn't think of that. Get a taxi if you really have to.W：Well, that's an expensive way to get to work.M：Not if you use a ride sharing app. (15)W：Good idea. I'll download one immediately. Thank you.Q12. What does the woman say about her subway?A) It was absolutely exhaustingC) There was too long a delay.B) There was a terrible smell.D) She got off at the wrong station.KEYS:A) It was absolutely exhausting.Q13. Why hasn't the woman got her own car?A) She hasn't saved enough moneyB) She is worried about traflic jams.C) She hasn't passed the driving test yet.D) She is used to taking public transport.KEYS:A) She hasn't saved enough money.Q14. What does the woman say about electric motorbikes?A) They are popular.B) They are dangerous.C) They are a bit expensive for her.D) They are environmentally friendlyKEYS:B) They are dangerous.Q15. How was the woman going to get to work?A) By bus.B) By jogging.C) By renting a bike.D) By sharing a ride.KEYS:D) By sharing a ride.Passage 1(16) Steve Miller began his career in IT. Back in the late 1980s, being a deaf person in tech required a huge amount of effort and organization because there was no email or text message service. Everything had to be done face to face or by telephone. Communicating in meetings was very difficult. He needed a sign language interpreter for every meeting, but it was a huge effort to coordinate."These days, although challenges still remain, it's a good time to be a deaf person in tech, "says Miller Oaduoy. (17) "Big advances in speech recognition technology have enabled communication tools to turn live speech into text in real time on your smartphone or laptop, and sign language into text as well."New tech coupled with improvements in hearing aid, technology and medical advances means that Miller is able to focus far more on his work.He has benefited to a great extent from a tiny hearing device in his ear. It gives him a degree of hearing, and he can use a variety of communication methods depending on the situation. (18) He can employ lip reading and have meetings via video instead of on the phone. These things have made a huge difference. He no longer has to worry about whether or not he can understand.He can just concentrate on how interesting the meeting might be and what he needs to get out of it in order to progress.Q16. What do we learn about Steve Miller?A)He is a sign language interpreter.B) He is a deaf person working in IT.C) He doesn't like speaking at meetings,D) He doesn't use email or text messages.KEYS:B) He is a deaf person working in IT.Q17. What does Miller say is making things better for people like him?A) Improved communication skills.B) Speech recognition technology-D) Transformation in the IT industryC) He can understand with ease.KEYS:B) Speech recognition technology.Q18. In what way, can Miller benefit from attending meetings via video?A) He can avoid being mistaken.B) He can take notes on the spot.C) To get a hug from family members.D) He can see the speakers' images.KEYS:D) He can see the speakers' images.Passage 2Color is now spreading through our homes, up staircases across wood frames and ceilings, filling in neutral spaces. According to one interior designer when people return home, (19) they want to see colors that cheer them up and give them a hug. Pure white walls simply don’t do that. They don't look after you. Another interior designer commented that certain combinations can key into something on a deeper level, transporting you to a different moment in time.That's the power of color.If you are thinking to dry color on some of your neutral walls, the advice is refreshingly simple. Choose a color you actually like. (20) Don't go for a color because it's in fashion, or you've seen it in a magazine. If you're wary of full color, test your tolerance with smaller spaces such as the inside of a cupboard or a bright window frame. if it gives you joy every time you open the cupboard, you can start to take it further.(21) One can also paint the wooden frameworks the same color as the walls. Helping the rooms look bigger. In the kitchen, painting the overhead cupboards and the walls in the same color can make it feel more spacious . While painting the kitchen counters, a bold color can make everything feel more open and lighter. Additionally, a painted ceiling is a magical thing without being too obvious and can affect how the space feels as well.Q19. What do people want upon returning home according to the passage?A) To find pure white walls shining.B) To enter a house well looked after.C) Big advances in sign language.D) To see cheerful colours all around.KEYS:D)To see cheerful colors all around.Q20. What does the passage say people should avoid doing in home decoration?A)Choosing a colour because it is fashionable.B) Painting the interior of their cupboardsC) Doing the painting job all by themselves.D) Designing all window frames the same way.KEYS:A) Choosing a color bc it is fashinonable.Q21. What can one do to make a room look bigger?A) Fit most of the cupboards into walls.B) Hang landscape paintings all around.C) Match the room's ceiling with all the fumiture in colour.D) Paint the wooden frameworks and walls the same colourKEYS:D) Paint the wooden frameworks and walls the same color.Passage 3Parents often hear that (22) reading to their children is critical for supporting development, and the message is getting through to them.In fact, in the United States, a little over half of children between the ages of 3 and 5 were read to every day in 2007.And 83% of children in that age group in the same countrywere read to three or more times per week by a family member in 2012.This is good news because reading to young children helps their language and brain development.In fact, recent research has found that both (23) the quality and quantity of shared book reading and infancy predicted later childhood vocabulary and reading skills Oaduoy.In other words, the more time parents spend reading, the greater the developmental benefits in their four-year-old children.This is an important finding, but does it matter what books parents read?A new study has investigated this question. It followed infants across the second6 months of life and found that when parents showed babies books that (24) had faces or objects with specific label, they learned more.This is in contrast to books that did not name images or books that had the same label under each image. Books that named different characters also promoted greaterlearning.So what does this mean for parents?Not all books are created equal, so parents need to choose the books they share with their children with great care.Q22. What does the passage say parents increasingly understand?A) Children must read at least 3 times a week.B) Reading is a habit every child can developC) Reading to their children is important.D) Children should start reading at age 3.KEYS:C) Reading to their children is important.Q23. What can predict children's reading skills according to recent research?A) The number of books they have read by age four.B) The speed oftheir brain development in infancy.C)The mumber and quality ofbooks parents read to them in infancy.D)The quality and quantity oftime parents spend playing with them.KEYS:C) The number and quality of books parents read to them in infancy.Q24. What kind of books are said to help babies learn more?A) Books with specifically labeled images.B) Books with pictures of dolls and toys.C) Books describing the lives of animals.D) Books telling very interesting stories.KEYS:A) Books with specifically labeled imaged.Q25. What are parents advised to do at the end of the passage?A) Read as many books as possible to their children.B) Choose carefully what to read to their children.C) Share experience with other parents.D) Create picture books for their children.KEYS:B) Choose carefully what to read to their children.Part m(40 minutes)Reading ComprehensionSection AInthis sectionthere is apassage with ten blasks. You are required to select one word for each blank fram a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passageRead the passage through cargilly before making your choices, Each choice in the bank isidentfied by aleter Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answersheet2wit a single tine through the centre. you may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers, according to a new study. The research examined three studies26more than 18,000 participants. Across all three, parenthood was27with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums.So why are fathers happier than mothers? "Fathers may fare better than mothers in part du to how they spend time with their children,"said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey. In one study,the authors28that dads were more likely to take "playing"as an 29activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with their kids, *playing with their childre likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and 30_ closeness wit their children," they say Fathers also did better than men without kids, reporting greater happiness, life satisfaction, and fewer31symptoms They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy (自主 For mums32compared to women without children, the results weren't quite as positive Mums reported greater autonomy, but also "greater trouble" and fewer positive 33.Mumsreported happier moods while interacting with their kids, compared to other experiences, but not whileengaging34in childcare. "This difference suggests that how mothers and fathersspend time with their children might have important35forthein wellbeing,"the authors write They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they're more likelyto havehigher expectations about parenthood, As such, they're more likely to be "let down” by the experience.A) additionalI) implicationsB) associatedJ) interferedC) composingK) involvingD) cultivateL) noteE) depressiveM) preciselyF) directlyN) superficialG) emotionsO) thereforeH) however第一套选词填空答案：26. K involving27. B associated28. L note29. A additional30. D cultivate31. E depressive32. H however33. G emotions34. F directly35. I implicationsSection BDirections:ithis secion you aregoing to ad a pasraee on siements aniched to t Each statement contains informtion gine in oe ofthe peragraphs idents she paragraphrom which the ingomaton i derived! ou may choase a paragraph morethan once Each paragraph is marked wih a leter Anwmer the questions by marking the correspondling letter on Answer sheer 2Learning to say no[A] Not doing something willalways be faster than doing it, This philosophy applies in many arcas oflife For example. there is no meeting that goes faster than not having a meeting a allThis is notto say you should never attend another meeting, but the truth is that we sa"yes" to too many things we don't actually want to do.BHow ofen do people ask you to do something and you just reply, "Sure." Three days later you're overwhelmed by how much is on your todo list we become frustrated by our obligations even though we were the ones who said "yes" to them in the first place, Even worse, people will occasionally fightto do things that waste time. You don't have to do something just because it exists.It's worth asking if things are necessary. Many of them are not, and a simple"no will be more productive than whatever work the most eficient person can cope with. Butifthe benefits ofsaying "no" are so obvious, then why do we say "yes" so ofien?[C]We say "yes"to many requests not because we want to do them, but because we don't wanto be seen as rude or unhelpful. Often, we have to consider saying "no" to someone we will interact withagaininthe futureour co-worker, our spouse, our family and friends. Saying“no”to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult. In these situations, I like the approachrecommended in Essentialism by Greg MeKeown. He writes, "Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said 'yes'and force them to deal with the trade-off. For example, if your manager comes to you and asks you to do X, you can respond with"Yes,I'm happy to make this the priority. Which of these other projects should l deprioritize to pay attention to this newproject?"[D]Collaborating with others is an important element of life. The thought of straining the relationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy. For this reason, it can bo helpful to be gracious in your response. Do whatever favors you can, and be warm-heartecand direct when you haveto say no.Bt even afer we have accounted for these sociah onsderationsayofusstl seem to do a poor jos ofmaniting the tade of between yes andnoWe find ourselves overcomnitted to things that don't mcuningfully improve oe suppo those sround us, and cerainly don't improve our own lives.hott E1Perhaps ne issue is how we think about the meaning of yes and no. The words "yes" and get so ofren used in comparison with each oter that it feels like they carry cqual weigh in convesaion.in realitythey're not just opposite in meaning, but of entircly diterent magnitudes in commitment When you say"no", you're only saying "no" to one option When you say"yes" you're ssying"no"to every ather option, I like how cconomin Tim Harford putit"Every time we say"yes’to arequest, we're also saying "no" to anything clse we might accomplish with the time."Once you're committed to something, you've already decided how that future block oftime will be spent in other words, saying "no" saves you time in the fature. Saying"yes"costs you time in the future. “No" is a form of time credi. ou retain the ability to spend your future time however you want. *Yes is a form of tim debt You have to pay back your commitment at some point.[F]“No” is adecision.“Yes"is aresponsibility. Saying "no" is sometimes seen as a luxury thatonly those in power can afford. And its true: tuming down opportunities is casier when you can fall back on the safety net provided by power money, and authonty But it's also true that saying“no" is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful. it's also a strategy that an help you become successful. Saying"no" is an important skill to develop at any stage c your career because it retains the most important asset in life: your time. As investor Pedro Sorrentino put it,"If you don't guard your time, people will steal it from you." You need to say“no" to whatever isn't leading you toward your goals.[G]Nobodyembodied this idea better than Steve Jobs, who said, "People think focus means saying"yes'to thethingyou'vegot to focus onBut that's not what it means at all It means saying"no'tothehundred othergood ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully" Jobs had ano thergreat quote about saying“no":“T'm actually as proud of the things we haven't done as thethings Ihave done. Innovation is saying "no'to 1,000 things.[H]Overtime,asyou continueto improve and succeed, your strategy needs to change. The opportunity costofyourtime increases as you become more successful. At first, you just eliminate the obvious distractions and explore the rest. As your skills improve and you learn to separate what works from what doesn't, you have to continually increase your threshold for saying“yes"You still need to say“no”todistractions, but you also need to learn to say“no"to opportunities that were previously good uses of time. so you can make space for better uses oftime. It's a good problem to have, but it can be a tough skill to master.What is true about heaith ao true about pooductivity: an ounce ofprevertion is worth a pound ofcureMore effor is wasted doing things that don't matter than is wasted doing thingsineiciently And ifthat is the case, elimination is a more aseful skil thar optimization.Im reminded ofthe famous Peter Drucker quote, "There is nothing so useless doing eficiently that which should not be done at all."36.People often grant a request just beouuse they want to appear polite and helprul,37.sno casy job leaning to say"noto opportunities that were once considered wort grasping38.When you decline a request, you are saving your future time.39.People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste oftime.40.Doing eficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort.41.Iis especially dificult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do.42. People agree to do too many things they are in fact unwilling to do.43.According to one famous entrepreneur, innovation means refusal to do an enormous numbe of things.44.lt is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.45.Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people.第一套Section B 答案：36 [C] We say "yes" to many requests not because...37 [H] Over time, as you continue to improve and succeed, ...38 [E] Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning of...39 [B] How often do people ask you to do something...40 [I] What is true about health is also true about...41 [C] We say "yes" to many requests not because...42 [A] Not doing something will always be faster...43 [G] Nobody embodies this idea better than Steve Jobs, ...44 [D] Collaborating with others is an important element of life...45 [F] "No" is a decision. "Yes" is a responsibility. ...Section CDirections: There are2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statement. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A), B),C) andD).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The company expanded its business into Europe, hoping to（）.问题1选项A.boostB.encourageC.urgeD.accelerate【答案】A【解析】句意:这家公司把它的业务扩展到了欧洲,希望能够增加市场份额。

考查动词辨析。

Boost 使增长,使兴旺,偷窃; encourage鼓励,激励; urge催促,驱策; accelerate 加快,加速。

空格的宾语为“its market share (市场份额)”,因此A符合句意。

2.翻译题A popular way of mustering innovative and fresh ideas is to hold a brainstorming session —but according to a paper published recently in Applied Cognitive Psychology, this may not be the best approach. The study, which was carried out by Nicholas Kohn of the University of Texas at Arlington and Steven Smith of Texas A&M University, suggests that instead of enhancing creativity. brainstoiT nin.u sessions may give rise to a “collaborative fixation” on certain ideas.(1)In keeping with previous studies, the authors first found that participants produced fewer ideas in total when taking part in a brainstorming session than if they had been working separately. The difference was as high as 44% in the first 5 minutes of a brainstorming session. The authors also found that when working separately particii)ants explored a greater variety of ideas, up to 55% more idea categories than dm.ing brainstomiing sessions. (2)In a second experiment, the researchers found that participants in a brainstorming session tended to conform to ideas to which they were exposed, and the rate of conformity increased as the number of ideas exposed increased. (3) The auth ors wrote in their paper “Fixation to other people’s ideas can occur unconsciously and lead to you suggesting ideas that mimic your brainstoniiin»partners.’’ (4)Thus, you potentially become less creative,” Kohn explains in an accompanying press release. T his doesn’t necessarily mean that you should ban brainstorming sessions from your lab meetings. You might just need to adjust the format. It seems odd, but, depending on what you want to achieve, the best approach might be to put everyone in a separate roo m. “Assuming it is desirable to have a wide variety of ideas or solutions to a problem...then one should split the brainstorming group into non-interacting individuals, avoiding a group session,” the authors write in their research paper. “On the other hand, if the goal is to explore a few categories in depth, then interacting among the members should be encouraged. Also, taking a break might help alleviate fixation, leading to an improvement in ideation, especially in temis of the quantity and variety of i deas. (5)’’【答案】1.集体研讨会议不但没有提高创造性，反而可能在某些想法上会引起“合作的固定”。

WHAT’S NEW IN THE S EVENTH EDITION:There is a new In the News feature on "Higher Education as an Investment" and values and tables have been updated.LEARNING OBJECTIVES:By the end of this chapter, students should understand:how wages compensate for differences in job characteristics.the human-capital and signaling theories of education.why a few superstars earn tremendous incomes in some occupations.why wages rise above the level that balances supply and demand.why it is difficult to measure the impact of discrimination on wages.when market forces can and cannot provide a natural remedy for discrimination.LEARNING OBJECTIVES:Chapter 19 is the second chapter in a three-chapter sequence that addresses the economics of labor markets. Chapter 18 developed the markets for the factors of production. Chapter 19 goes beyond the supply-and-demand models developed in Chapter 18 to help explain the wide variation in wages we find in the economy. Chapter 20 addresses the distribution of income and the role the government can play in altering the distribution of income.The purpose of Chapter 19 is to extend the basic neoclassical theory of the labor market that was developed in Chapter 18. Neoclassical theory argues that wages depend on the supply and demand for labor and that labor demand depends on the value of the marginal productivity of labor. To address the wide variation in the wages that occurs in the real world, it is important to examine more precisely what determines the supply and demand for various types of labor.340Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination ❖341 KEY POINTS:∙ Workers earn different wages for many reasons. To some extent, wage differentials compensate workers for job attributes. Other things equal, workers in hard, unpleasant jobs are paid more than workers in easy, pleasant jobs.∙ Workers with more human capital get paid more than workers with less human capital. The return to accumulating human capital is high and has increased over the past several decades.∙ Although years of education, experience, and job characteristics affect earnings as theory predicts, there is much variation in earnings that cannot be explained by things that economists can measure.The unexplained variation in earnings is largely attributable to natural ability, effort, and chance.∙ Some economists have suggested that more educated workers earn higher wages not because education raises productivity but because workers with high natural ability use education as a way to signal their high ability to employers. If this signaling theory were correct, then increasing theeducational attainment of all workers would not raise the overall level of wages.∙ Wages are sometimes pushed above the level that brings supply and demand into balance. Three reasons for above-equilibrium wages are minimum-wage laws, unions, and efficiency wages.∙ Some differences in earnings are attributable to discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or other factors. Measuring the amount of discrimination is difficult, however, because one must correct for differences in human capital and job characteristics.∙ Competitive markets tend to limit the impact of discrimination on wages. If the wages of a group of workers are lower than those of another group for reasons not related to marginal productivity, then nondiscriminatory firms will be more profitable than discriminatory firms. Profit-maximizing behavior, therefore, can reduce discriminatory wage differentials. Discrimination persists in competitive markets, however, if customers are willing to pay more to discriminatory firms or if the government passes laws requiring firms to discriminate.CHAPTER OUTLINE:I. Some Determinants of Equilibrium WagesA. Compensating Differentials1. Definition of compensating differential: a difference in wages that arises to offsetthe nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs.342 ❖ Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination2. Jobs that are easy, fun, or safe will pay lower wages than jobs that are difficult, dull, ordangerous.B. Human Capital1. Definition of human capital: the accumulation of investments in people, such as education and on-the-job training.2. Workers with more human capital earn more on average than those with less human capital.3. Firms are willing to pay more for highly educated workers because highly educated workers have higher marginal products.4. Case Study: The Increasing Value of Skillsa. Table 1 compares the average earnings of college graduates with the average earnings of high school graduates with no additional education.b. We can see that there has been an increase in this difference over time.c. One possible reason that this has occurred is that international trade has changed the relative demand for skilled and unskilled labor.d. Another possible reason is that changes in technology have changed the relative demand for skilled and unskilled workers.5. In the News: Higher Education as an Investment a. In light of increasing costs of attending college, some people question the returns tocollege attendance relative to other investments.b. This article from The Hamilton Project at The Brooking Institution confirms the value ofattending college.C. Ability, Effort, and Chance1. Because of heredity and upbringing, people differ in their physical and mental attributes. This will affect their productivity level and therefore their wage.2. People also differ in their level of effort. Those who work hard are more productive and earn a higher wage.3. Chance also plays a role in determining wages.4. Case Study: The Benefits of BeautyChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination ❖343a. Daniel Hamermesh and Jeff Biddle used data from surveys conducted in the UnitedStates and Canada to try to determine how wages are affected by physical appearance.b. They found that people who are considered to be more attractive than average earned5% more than people of average looks. People of average looks earn 5% to 10% morethan people considered to be less attractive than average.c. One possible reason for this is that good looks are important for workers who have closedealings with the public.d. Another possible reason is that a person who is successful in making him or herselfattractive may be equally successful in other tasks.e. A third possible reason for this difference in the wages is discrimination.D. An Alternative View of Education: Signaling1. Some economists have suggested that firms may use education as a way to sort high-abilityworkers from low-ability workers.2. This implies that when people earn a college degree, they do not become more productive,but instead signal their high ability to prospective employers.3. This occurs because it is easier for high-ability people to get college degrees; therefore, morehigh-ability people get college degrees.E. The Superstar Phenomenon1. Superstars arise in markets that have two characteristics.a. Every customer in the market wants to enjoy the good supplied by the best producer.b. The good is produced with a technology that makes it possible for the best producer tosupply every customer at a low cost.2. This is why we see superstars in some markets (entertainment, professional sports) and notin others (plumbing, carpentry).F. Above-Equilibrium Wages: Minimum-Wage Laws, Unions, and Efficiency Wages1. For some workers, wages are set above the level that brings supply and demand into balance.2. There are three reasons why this may be the case.a. Minimum-wage laws that generally apply to the least skilled and least experiencedworkers.b. Definition of union: a worker association that bargains with employers overwages and working conditions.c. Definition of strike: the organized withdrawal of labor from a firm by a union.344 ❖Chapter 19/Earnings and Discriminationd. Definition of efficiency wages: above-equilibrium wages paid by firms toincrease worker productivity.e. These higher wages often reduce worker turnover, increase worker effort, and raise thequality of workers who apply for jobs at the firm.3. Above-equilibrium wages raise the quantity of labor supplied and lower the quantitydemanded, creating a surplus of labor.II. The Economics of DiscriminationA. Definition of discrimination: the offering of different opportunities to similarindividuals who differ only by race, ethnic group, sex, age, or other personalcharacteristics.B. Measuring Labor-Market Discrimination1. Table 2 reports median annual earnings by race and gender for 2011.a. The median black man was paid 21% less than the median white man.b. The median black woman was paid 11% less than the median white woman.c. The median white woman was paid 25% less than the median white man.d. The median black woman was paid 15% less than the median black man.groups can be attributed to discrimination.a. For example, the quantity of education often differs between blacks and whites.b. It is also likely that the quality of education may differ as well.c. Women generally have less labor market experience than men.d. It may also be true that women take more pleasant jobs than men, leading to acompensating wage differential.3. Because the differences in median earnings among groups in part reflect differences inhuman capital and job characteristics, they do not by themselves say anything about howmuch discrimination there is in the labor market.4. Case Study: Is Emily More Employable than Lakisha?a. Economists Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainatham answered more than 1,300help-wanted ads run in Boston and Chicago newspapers by sending in nearly 5,000 fakeresumes.Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination ❖345b. Half of the resumes had names that were common in the African-American community,while the other half had names that were more common among the white population.Otherwise, the resumes were similar.c. Job applicants with “white” names received about 50% more calls from interestedemployers than applicants with “African-American” names.C. Discrimination by Employers1. It may be incorrect to blame employers for discrimination because each firm has a profitmotive.2. Example: Two types of people, blondes and brunettes. Both groups have the same skills,experience, and work ethic. But employers prefer to hire brunettes.a. This implies that the demand for blondes is lower than it otherwise would be.b. This also means that blondes will earn a lower wage than brunettes.3. In this economy, there is an easy way for a firm to beat out its competitors: hire all blondes.a. This firm would pay lower wages and therefore have lower costs.b. Over time, we would expect more firms to follow this example.c. The existing firms still hiring brunettes would be forced out of business due to theirhigher labor costs.d. The demand for blondes increases (increasing the wage that blondes earn), while thedemand for brunettes falls (decreasing the wage that brunettes earn). This will continueuntil the wages of the two groups are equal.4. Businesses that care about earning a profit are at an advantage when competing againstthose that also care about discriminating.5. Case Study: Segregated Streetcars and the Profit Motivea. Studies of the streetcar industry suggest that streetcars were never segregated until thefirms were required to do so by law.b. In fact, many firms that ran the streetcars protested these laws because of the increasein the firms' costs from the law (which meant lower profits).D. Discrimination by Customers and Governments1. Customer preferences may limit the ability of the profit motive to eliminate discriminatorywage differentials.a. If customers do not care whether they are being waited on by a blonde or a brunette,the profit motive will work and both groups will eventually be earning the same wage.b. If customers prefer brunettes, the entry of firms that hire blondes will not succeed ineliminating the wage differential between blondes and brunettes.346 ❖Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination2. Also, if the government mandates discriminatory practices, then the wage differentialsbetween the groups will continue to exist.3. Case Study: Discrimination in Sportsa. Studies of sports teams suggest that racial discrimination is common and that much ofthe blame lies with the customers.b. One study found that black basketball players earned 20% less than white players ofcomparable ability did. Attendance at basketball games was also higher for teams with alarger proportion of white players. So even if the team owners cared only about profit,the customer discrimination makes hiring black players less profitable than white players.c. The same situation was found in baseball in the 1960s, but more recent studies suggestthat the wage differential in baseball no longer exists.d. Even the value of baseball cards has been affected by discrimination. A 1990 study foundthat the cards of black hitters sold for 10% less than the cards of comparable whitehitters. The cards of black pitchers sold for 13% less than the cards of comparable whitepitchers.E. In the News: Gender Differences1. Economic research is shedding light on why men and women often choose different careerpaths.2. This article from The New York Times describes experimental research aimed at explainingwhy females are less likely to choose occupations that involve high levels of competition.Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination ❖347348 ❖Chapter 19/Earnings and DiscriminationSOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS:Quick Quizzes1. A compensating differential is a difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetarycharacteristics of different jobs. Examples include coal miners who earn extra wages tocompensate them for dangerous working conditions, workers on the night shift who get paidmore than day-shift workers, and professors who are paid less than lawyers and doctors.More educated workers earn more than less educated workers because they are moreproductive, so employers are willing to pay them more, and because more education maysignal greater innate ability.2. It is hard to establish whether a group of workers is being discriminated against becausethere are many reasons other than discrimination for wages to differ across workers, such asdifferences in human capital and job characteristics.Profit-maximizing firms tend to eliminate discriminatory wage differentials because if someset of workers were being discriminated against, it would be in the interest of profit-maximizing firms to hire those workers with lower wages. But that, in turn, would raise thewages of those workers until the wages of all similar workers were equal.A discriminatory wage differential might persist if customers are willing to pay to maintain thediscriminatory practice or if the government mandates it.Questions for Review1. Coal miners are paid more than other workers with similar amounts of education becausetheir higher wage compensates them for the dirty and dangerous nature of coal mining, aswell as their long-term health problems. As a result, they earn a sizable compensatingdifferential.2. Education is a type of capital because it represents an expenditure of resources at one pointin time to raise productivity in the future.3. Education might raise a worker's wage without raising the worker's productivity if educationworks as a signal that the worker has high ability.4. The conditions that lead to highly-compensated superstars are: (1) every customer wants toenjoy the good supplied by the best producer; and (2) the good is produced with atechnology that makes it possible for the best producer to supply every customer at a lowcost. Because one dentist could not supply every customer, you would not expect to seesuperstars in dentistry. But because copies of music can be made at low cost, you wouldexpect to see superstars in music.5. A worker’s wage might be above the level that balances supply and demand be cause: (1)minimum-wage laws raise wages above the levels that some workers would earn in anunregulated labor market; (2) unions may have market power to raise wages above theirequilibrium levels; and (3) a firm may find it profitable to pay an efficiency wage, whichexceeds the equilibrium wage, because doing so raises productivity.Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination ❖3496. Deciding whether a group of workers has a lower wage because of discrimination is difficultbecause people differ in other attributes, such as the amount of education they have, theamount of experience they have, and the possibility of compensating differentials.7. The forces of economic competition tend to ameliorate discrimination on the basis of race,because business owners who care only about making profit are at an advantage whencompeting against those who also care about discriminating.8. Discrimination can persist in a competitive market if customers have a preference fordiscrimination. For example, if customers prefer blonde waiters to brunettes, restaurants willprefer to hire blonde waiters and they will discriminate against brunettes.Quick Check Multiple Choice1. b2. a3. d4. c5. c6. aProblems and Applications1. a. The opportunity cost of taking a job as a summer intern that pays little or nothing is thewage that the student could earn at an alternative job.b. Despite the low wages, students are willing to take internships because an internshipmight help them land a permanent job with the firm or the government later. Also, theinternship enhances the student's resume. Finally, the student may gain valuable on-the-job training.c. You would expect that students who were interns earn higher incomes later in life.2. The single minimum wage might distort the labor market for teenage workers more than foradult workers because: (1) teenagers have a lower value of marginal product, so it is morelikely that the minimum wage will be above their value of marginal product; and (2) thedemand for teenage labor is more elastic than for adult labor, so the minimum-wage lawdistorts the market more. The minimum wage affects those individuals who are least skilledand least experienced and these characteristics generally apply to teenagers.3. People with more experience usually have had more on-the-job training than others with thesame formal education but less experience. Such training increases the value of the marginalproduct of their labor. Job tenure is also valuable, because people gain job-specificknowledge or a specialization in knowledge that is useful to the firm.4. a. Economics professors may receive higher salaries than professors in some other fieldsbecause they have better opportunities outside academia. For example, they could findjobs in the private sector or the government.b. Differences in teaching loads can make up for lower pay. If professors in all fields arepaid the same, the pay level is probably below what economics professors could earn350 ❖ Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. elsewhere. To attract economics professors, the university would have to offer themsome other compensation, such as a lower teaching load.5. Under the signaling theory, you would rather have the degree and not attend the university. But under the human-capital theory, you would rather attend, even though doing so wouldbe a secret.6. The development of recording devices led to a superstar phenomenon in which the bestmusicians were paid significantly more than average musicians because they could supply every customer at low cost. So the incomes of the best musicians rose and the income of the average musician fell.7. a. People respond to incentives. Merit pay provides an incentive for teachers to workharder.b. Teachers whose classes do not perform well may be opposed to a system of merit pay. Also, some teachers may not want to work harder to receive higher pay.c. A large challenge would be to accurately measure the teachers’ performance.d. Because incentives matter, it should be able to secure better teachers by offering higher wages.8. Yes, his behavior is profit maximizing. He is hiring labor at a lower cost. You might claim thatAlan is despicable because he is discriminating against men. Some might claim that Alan was admirable, though, because he is maximizing profit and giving women a better opportunity to find a job. If more employers were like Alan, the wage differential between men and women would shrink, as employers would be competing for female workers, so women would have as many job options as men. Ultimately, the wage differential could disappear. Other firms at the time may not have followed his strategy because their customers may have preferred male consultants.9. If brunette workers do not like working with blonde workers, a blonde worker's marginal product of labor is likely to be lower, because the firm's output will not be as high comparedto the case if the firm had a brunette worker instead. Thus, firms might find that blonde workers are not worth as much and may reduce their wages relative to brunette workers. A profit-maximizing entrepreneur could create a firm using all blonde workers, so there would be no frictions between brunette and blonde workers. If there were many such entrepreneurs, the wage differential between brunette and blonde workers would disappear over time.。

湖北武汉市蔡甸区汉阳一中2025届英语高三第一学期期末达标检测模拟试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Upon entering a “new era”, what we now face is the _______ between unb alanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. A．administration B．violation C．contradiction D．presentation 2．Children who are not active or_____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A．what B．whoseC．which D．that3．— You've got your flat furnished, haven't you?— Y es, I ______ some used furniture and it was a real bargain.A．will buy B．have boughtC．had bought D．bought4．____ anyone phone during the board meeting, please tell them I am busy. A．Should B．Will C．May D．Can5．The new teacher was so well-organized that she began ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.A．when B．in whichC．how D．where6．In spite of _________ has been said, quite a lot of people are still uncertain about the state of the country’s economy.A．what B．whichC．that D．as7．----Can I park my car here?----Sure not, we don’t allow here.A．to parking B．park C．to park D．parking8．He insisted what he did _______ right and that anyone who broke laws ________．A．was ; be punished B．be ; was punishedC．was; was punished D．be ; be punished9．—What does the sign over there read?—"No person_______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area．" A．shall B．may C．must D．Will10．—Can I have a day off tomorrow? I need to visit my grandma in the hospital. —__________. I can manage without you.A．Forget it B．Of courseC．It depends D．I’m afraid not11．—Didn’t you go fishing with your friends last Sunday?—No. I ______ to the nursing home as usual.A．went B．go C．have gone D．had gone12．–What’s that noise?–Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.A．was tested B．will be testedC．is being tested D．has been tested13．Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.A．who is he B．who he isC．who is it D．who it is14．— Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond to it? — Receiving a text does not necessarily mean you have to respond．Why waste a perfectly good lie ________ the truth will serve?A．unless B．until C．when D．while15．U.S. President Barack Obama arrived in China’s economic center Shanghai on Sunday night, November 15th2009, ______a state visit to China.A．starting B．started C．to start D．having started16．—Did you take sides when Mom and Dad were arguing again?—No. I’ve learned that it’s best _______ until it blows over.A．to call it a day B．to pull their legsC．to sit on the fence D．to wash my hands off17．, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A．A quiet student as he may B．Quiet student as he may beC．Be a quiet student as he may D．Quiet as he may be a student18．Most students study because it’s unavoidable. ________, there are students who actually enjoy it.A．As a result B．In additionC．In conclusion D．By contrast19．The Japanese people keep up cheerful spirits ________ the world that they can getover the crisis caused by the terrible tsunami（海啸）.A．being convinced B．convinced C．to convince D．having convinced20．— Nancy, what classes are you taking this term?— _____ I want to take two English courses, or maybe Spanish.A．What’s up? B．It’s none of your business. C．I’ve no idea. D．I’m not sure yet.第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。