英语论文提纲范文.pdf
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论文提纲英语作文模板英文回答:Introduction。
An outline provides the skeleton of an academic essay by organizing the main points in a logical and hierarchical structure. It is a roadmap that guides the writer and the reader through the essay's argument. A well-crafted outline is essential for developing a clear, coherent, and persuasive essay.Functions of an Outline。
Structure: Provides a framework for organizing the essay's main points and supporting details.Organization: Ensures a logical flow of ideas and smooth transitions between paragraphs.Visual Representation: Allows the writer to visualize the essay's structure and identify any gaps or imbalancesin the argument.Communication: Facilitates collaboration between the writer and others, such as professors, editors, or peer reviewers.Types of Outlines。
Topic Outline: Uses single words or phrases to represent main points and supporting ideas.Sentence Outline: Uses complete sentences to statemain points and supporting details.Formal Outline: Uses Roman numerals for major headings, capital letters for subheadings, and Arabic numerals for supporting points.How to Create an Outline。
提纲式作文示范英语Title: The Power of Education in Shaping Society。
Introduction:Education plays a pivotal role in shaping societies, influencing individuals, and driving progress. Its impact spans across generations, economies, and cultures. In this essay, we delve into the multifaceted influence of education on society, exploring its significance, challenges, and potential solutions.I. Education and Economic Development:1. Education fosters economic growth by equipping individuals with skills and knowledge essential for modern industries.2. Educated populations are more likely to innovate, adapt to technological advancements, and contribute to anation's competitiveness in the global market.3. Access to quality education reduces incomeinequality and enhances social mobility, laying the foundation for a more inclusive society.II. Education and Social Cohesion:1. Education promotes social cohesion by fostering understanding, empathy, and respect for diversity.2. Schools serve as melting pots where individuals from various backgrounds come together, fostering tolerance and cooperation.3. Education instills values of citizenship, democracy, and human rights, nurturing responsible and engaged citizens.III. Education and Public Health:1. Education is a key determinant of health outcomes,influencing behaviors related to nutrition, hygiene, and disease prevention.2. Educated individuals are more likely to access healthcare services, leading to improved overall health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.3. Investing in education, particularly in health education, yields long-term benefits by promoting healthier lifestyles and reducing the burden of disease.IV. Challenges in Education:1. Access to quality education remains a challenge in many parts of the world, particularly in marginalized communities and developing countries.2. Disparities in educational attainment persist, perpetuating social inequalities and hindering progress towards sustainable development goals.3. Educational systems often face funding constraints,teacher shortages, and outdated curricula, compromising the quality of education provided.V. Solutions and Recommendations:1. Prioritize investment in education, allocating resources to ensure universal access to quality education for all.2. Enhance teacher training and support to improve the quality of instruction and promote student engagement.3. Embrace innovative approaches to education, leveraging technology and alternative learning modalities to reach underserved populations.4. Foster partnerships between governments, civil society, and the private sector to address systemic challenges and promote educational equity.Conclusion:Education serves as a catalyst for social change, economic development, and individual empowerment. By investing in education and addressing systemic barriers, societies can unlock human potential, foster inclusive growth, and build a more prosperous and equitable future for all.。
英语毕业论文提纲模板文档2篇English thesis outline template document编订:JinTai College英语毕业论文提纲模板文档2篇前言:论文格式就是指进行论文写作时的样式要求,以及写作标准,就是论文达到可公之于众的标准样式和内容要求,论文常用来进行科学研究和描述科研成果文章。
本文档根据论文格式内容要求和特点展开说明,具有实践指导意义,便于学习和使用,本文下载后内容可随意调整修改及打印。
本文简要目录如下:【下载该文档后使用Word打开,按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】1、篇章1:英语毕业论文提纲模板文档2、篇章2:毕业论文提纲如何设计文档篇章1:英语毕业论文提纲模板文档contentsintroduction (1)1.the common historical background (1)1.1 international (1)1.2 national (1)2.the common beliefs of beats and rockers (2)2.1 rebellion against conventions (2)2.1.1 beats in literature (2)2.1.2 rockers in music circles (3)2.2 ideologies in between (4)2.2.1 beatniks were fed up with their government aboutthe explanations of why things happened (4)2.2.2 their same destiny (4)2.2.3 beat culture and rock culture were not accepted byboth capitalist and socialist ideologies (5)2.3 belief in oriental religion (5)2.3.1 beatniks study on chinese buddhism (6)2.3.2 rockers belief in indian buddhism (6)3.their identical lifestyles (6)3.1 bohemian (7)beats (7)3.1.2 rockers (7)3.2 madness (8)3.2.1 the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,and impersonal that writers and artists were being drivento madness (8)3.2.2 rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy onrock circus spot (9)3.3 self-indulgent (9)drugs (9)3.3.2 homosexual (10)4.the same conduct (10)4.1 beats of satan and angles (10)4.2 rockers conduct of the two sides (11)conclusion (13)篇章2:毕业论文提纲如何设计文档【按住Ctrl键点此返回目录】【摘要】:由于房产市场销售业绩的上升,银行的个人住房抵押贷款业务量也随之加大,这不但给银行带来了丰厚的利润,也产生了极大的风险,本文就住房抵押贷款风险进行深入探讨。
Abstract:This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the impact ofsocial media on the behavior of youth. It explores the various aspects of social media use among young people, including its effects on mental health, academic performance, social interactions, and overall development. The paper will synthesize existing literature, present case studies, and propose recommendations for parents, educators, and policymakers to mitigate the negative impacts and maximize the benefits of social media use.Introduction:- Brief background on the rise of social media and its widespread use among youth.- The importance of understanding the impact of social media on youth behavior.- The structure of the paper and the main objectives.I. The Rise of Social Media and its Accessibility to Youth- Historical context of social media development.- The current landscape of social media platforms.- Accessibility and usage statistics among youth.II. The Positive Aspects of Social Media on Youth Behavior- Enhanced communication and social connections.- Opportunities for self-expression and creativity.- Educational and professional development platforms.III. The Negative Aspects of Social Media on Youth Behavior- Mental health issues: anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.- Academic performance: distractions and reduced focus.- Social interactions: decreased face-to-face communication and cyberbullying.- Exposure to inappropriate content and online predators.IV. Case Studies: Real-Life Examples of Social Media's Impact on Youth- Case study 1: A young girl's struggle with body image issues due to social media.- Case study 2: The impact of social media on a student's academic performance.- Case study 3: A cyberbullying incident and its consequences.V. The Role of Social Media in Youth Development- The role of social media in shaping identity and self-concept.- The impact of social media on social skills and empathy.- The potential of social media for community building and activism.VI. Strategies for Mitigating the Negative Impacts of Social Media- Parental involvement and monitoring.- Education on digital literacy and responsible social media use.- School policies and programs to promote healthy social media habits.- Policy recommendations for social media platforms and content creators.VII. The Future of Social Media and Youth Behavior- Predictions on the future development of social media platforms.- Potential solutions to address the ongoing challenges.- The role of technology in shaping youth behavior.VIII. Conclusion- Summary of the key findings and their implications.- The need for continued research and awareness on the topic.- Final thoughts on the importance of balancing the benefits and risks of social media use among youth.References:- A comprehensive list of academic journals, books, and online sources cited throughout the paper.Appendices:- Additional data or information that supports the findings of the paper.Word Count:- This template is designed to reach a minimum of 2000 words. To achieve this, each section should be expanded with detailed analysis, examples, and research findings. The word count can be adjusted by adding more case studies, in-depth discussions, and comprehensive references.。
英文提纲作文模板Title: The Importance of Physical Exercise。
I. Introduction。
Definition of physical exercise。
Importance of physical exercise for overall health and well-being。
II. Physical Health Benefits。
Improves cardiovascular health。
Strengthens muscles and bones。
Helps in weight management。
Reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension。
III. Mental Health Benefits。
Releases endorphins that improve mood and reduce stress。
Boosts cognitive function and memory。
Reduces the risk of depression and anxiety。
IV. Social Benefits。
Provides opportunities for social interaction and bonding。
Encourages teamwork and cooperation in group exercises。
Builds a sense of community and belonging。
V. Long-Term Effects。
Establishes healthy habits that can last a lifetime。
Reduces the risk of age-related health issues。
英文提纲作文模板范文英文:Outline writing is an essential skill that every student should learn. It helps to organize your thoughts and ideas, making it easier to write a coherent essay. In this article, I will provide a template for writing an outline and explain how to use it effectively.Firstly, start with a clear and concise thesis statement. This will be the main point of your essay and should be included in the introduction of your outline. Next, create subheadings for each of the main points you want to make in your essay. These subheadings should be in chronological order and should support your thesis statement.Under each subheading, write a few bullet points to summarize the key ideas you want to discuss. These bullet points should be specific and detailed, providing evidenceand examples to support your argument. Remember to include transitional phrases between each subheading to ensure a smooth flow of ideas.Once you have completed your outline, review it to ensure that it is well-structured and coherent. Make any necessary revisions and ensure that your ideas are presented logically and clearly. Finally, use your outline as a guide when writing your essay, referring back to it as you write to ensure that you stay on track and address all of the key points you outlined.中文:提纲写作是每个学生都应该学会的重要技能。
本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==英文论文大纲范例篇一:英语论文提纲范例Title:1. Introduction1.1. Understanding “interaction”1.1.1. “Interaction” in socio-culture theory1.1.2. Classroom interactions1.2. Classroom discourse1.2.1. What is classroom discourse?1.2.2. IRF Content-analysis of classroom discourse2. Classroom questioning and the function2.1. Definition of classroom questioning2.1.1. Conception of classroom questioning and its development2.1.2. The criteria for effective questioning in the classroom2.2. Categories of questioning and their functions the previously learnt structural knowledge)2.2.1 Questioning for linguistic knowledge (for students to recall or remember2.2.2 Questioning for comprehension (for students to translate, to grasp the meaning of materials)2.2.3 Questioning for application (for students to generalize, or to use learnt materials in new and concrete situations)3. Investigation on classroom questioning3.1 Purpose and object of investigation3.2 Method of investigation4. Conclusion篇二:英语毕业论文的提纲样本本科毕业论文的提纲格式样例A Contextual Study of Black English摘要:对全文进行概括性的总结,涉及到研究背景、研究目的、研究方法、研究发现等;重点放在研究发现上。
英文作文提纲范例提纲:主题,我的学习方法。
英文:As a student, I have tried many different study methods over the years. Some have worked well for me, while others have not. Here are the methods that I have found to be the most effective:1. Creating a study schedule: I find that I am most productive when I have a set schedule for studying. I block out specific times in my calendar for each subject andstick to it as much as possible.2. Taking breaks: It's important to take breaks when studying to avoid burnout. I usually take a 10-15 minute break every hour or so to stretch, get some fresh air, orhave a snack.3. Using flashcards: Flashcards are a great tool for memorization. I make flashcards for vocabulary words, formulas, and other important information that I need to remember.4. Practicing with past exams: Practicing with past exams is a great way to prepare for upcoming tests. It helps me to understand the types of questions that will be asked and to identify areas where I need to improve.5. Asking for help: If I am struggling with a particular subject, I am not afraid to ask for help. Whether it's from a teacher, tutor, or classmate, getting help can make a big difference in my understanding of the material.中文:作为一名学生,我在这些年中尝试了许多不同的学习方法。
英文作文提纲范例英文,As a bilingual individual, I have had the opportunity to experience the benefits and challenges of speaking two languages. Growing up in a Chinese-speaking household in the United States, I was exposed to both Mandarin and English from a young age. This has given me a unique perspective on the power of language and the impact it can have on communication and cultural understanding.One of the biggest advantages of being bilingual is the ability to communicate with a wider range of people. For example, when I travel to China to visit my relatives, I am able to converse with them in their native language, which helps to strengthen our bond and connection. Similarly, in my professional life, being able to speak both Mandarin and English has opened up opportunities for me to work with diverse teams and clients. This has allowed me to build stronger relationships and better understand different cultural perspectives.However, being bilingual also comes with its own set of challenges. For instance, there are times when I find it difficult to switch between languages, especially when I am in a conversation with people who only speak one language. This can sometimes lead to moments of confusion or frustration, as I try to find the right words to express myself. Additionally, I have also experienced moments where I feel like I don't fully belong in either language community, as I am not completely fluent in either language.中文,作为一个双语个体,我有机会体验说两种语言的好处和挑战。
英语毕业论文的提纲范文3篇The outline model of English graduation thesis编订:JinTai College英语毕业论文的提纲范文3篇前言:论文格式就是指进行论文写作时的样式要求,以及写作标准,就是论文达到可公之于众的标准样式和内容要求,论文常用来进行科学研究和描述科研成果文章。
本文档根据论文格式内容要求和特点展开说明,具有实践指导意义,便于学习和使用,本文下载后内容可随意调整修改及打印。
本文简要目录如下:【下载该文档后使用Word打开,按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】1、篇章1:英语毕业论文的提纲范文2、篇章2:毕业论文提纲范文3、篇章3:毕业论文提纲范文篇章1:英语毕业论文的提纲范文论文提纲最起码要能清楚的显示您论文的研究内容以及研究思路。
下面内容由小泰为大家分享英语毕业论文的提纲范文,一起来看看吧!Introduction0.1 Salman Rushdie and Midnight's Children0.2 Literature Review0.3 Significance of the ThesisChapter One The Carnival Rhetoric in Midnight's Children1.1 Carnival Language1.1.1 Language of Heteroglossia1.1.2 Linguistic Deviation1.2 Carnival Rhetorical Devices1.2.1 The Use of Metaphor1.2.2 The Use of Satire1.2.3 The Use of Pun1.3 Sum-upChapter Two The Carnival Characters in Midnight's Children2.1 Women's Carnivalesque Acts2.1.1 Widow2.1.2 Witch2.1.3 Unfaithful Wives2.2 Saleem's Carnivalesque Acts2.2.1 Grotesque Appearance and Eccentric Behavior2.2.2 Turning into Clown2.2.3 Crowning and Uncrowning2.3 Sum-upChapter Three Intertextual Dialogue in Midnight's Children3.1 Intertextual Dialogue between History and the Text3.1.1 National Allegory3.1.2 Fictionalization of National History3.2 Intertextual Dialogue between Pretexts and the Text3.2.1 Borrowings from Western Culture3.2.2 Borrowings from Indian Culture3.3 Intertextual Dialogue within the Text3.3.1 Palimpsest3.3.2 Polyphony3.4 Sum-upConclusionThis conclusionFocusing on contemporary forms of narrative, Hutcheon argues that postmodernistfiction embodies several carnivalesque structures. Firstly, in its metafictional preoccupationsand its tendency to foreground the artifice of literary construction, contemporary narrativeenacts a carnivalesque rebellion against the official ideology of realism (Hutcheon, 1988:83-4)。
英文作文提纲范例提纲:主题,为什么学习英语很重要?英文:Introduction。
Learning English has become a necessity in today's world. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of learning English and how it can benefit us in different aspects of life.Body。
Firstly, English is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is the official language of more than 50 countries, and it is estimated that over 1.5 billion people speak English worldwide. Therefore, learning English canhelp us communicate with people from different parts of the world, which is essential in today's globalized society.Secondly, English is the language of international business. Most international companies require their employees to have a good command of English. KnowingEnglish can increase our job opportunities and help us advance in our careers.Thirdly, English is the language of science and technology. Most scientific research is published in English, and many of the world's top universities teach in English. Therefore, learning English can help us access valuable information and knowledge in our respective fields.Conclusion。
作文英文提纲模板英文:Introduction:Introduce the topic of the essay and state my personal opinion on it.Body:1. First point supporting my opinion。
Give an example or personal experience to support this point。
Explain why this point is important and how it relates to the topic。
2. Second point supporting my opinion。
Give another example or personal experience to support this point。
Explain why this point is important and how it relates to the topic。
3. Third point supporting my opinion。
Give a final example or personal experience to support this point。
Explain why this point is important and how it relates to the topic。
Conclusion:Summarize my opinion and the supporting points。
Restate why I believe in my opinion。
中文:引言:引出文章的主题,并陈述我的个人观点。
正文:1. 支持我的观点的第一点。
给出一个例子或个人经历来支持这一观点。
解释为什么这一观点很重要,以及它与主题的关系。
2. 支持我的观点的第二点。
给出另一个例子或个人经历来支持这一观点。
英语论文提纲样本一、选题依据及意义(不少于300字).二、研究目标与主要内容(含论文(设计)提纲,不少于500字).1.研究目标:2.主要内容(提纲):1. Introduction2. The present situation of English writing in senior high schools3. The nature of reading and writing3.1 The nature of reading3.2 The nature of writing4. The relationship between reading and writing4.1 Reading paves the way for writing4.2 Writing promotes reading5. The necessity and feasibility of reading-to-writing5.1 The necessity of reading-to-writing5.2 The feasibility of reading-to-writing6. The advantages of applying reading-to-writing approach6.1 The definition of reading-to-writing approach7. The application of reading-to-writing approach7.1 The principles of applying reading-to-writing approach7.1.1 Paying equal attention to reading and writing7.1.2 Paying equal attention to intensive reading and extensive reading 7.2 The selection of good reading materials7.3 Ways of adapting reading-to-writing approach7.3.1 Pre-writing reading7.3.2 Writing from reading7.3.3 Post -writing reading and rewriting不想长大三、研究方法和手段。
英语提纲作文附模板英文回答:The Importance of Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace。
Diversity and inclusion (D&I) are vital elements for any successful workplace. They foster a sense of belonging, increase innovation, and enhance employee engagement.Benefits of Diversity and Inclusion:1. Increased Innovation:Diverse perspectives and experiences bring new ideas and solutions to the table. Teams with varied backgrounds challenge assumptions and generate more creative solutions.2. Improved Decision-Making:Exposure to diverse viewpoints allows for a more comprehensive understanding of different situations. This leads to better decision-making and reduced biases.3. Enhanced Employee Engagement:Employees who feel valued and included are more likely to be engaged in their work. This increases productivity, creativity, and employee retention.4. Increased Customer Satisfaction:A diverse workforce better reflects the customer base. This allows organizations to better understand and meet the needs of their customers.Challenges of Diversity and Inclusion:Implementing D&I initiatives can be challenging. Some common barriers include:1. Unconscious Bias:Unconscious biases are hidden assumptions we make about others based on our own experiences. These biases can hinder effective communication and collaboration.2. Cultural Differences:Cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflict. It is important to create a workplace that values and respects all cultures.3. Lack of Representation:Underrepresented groups may feel marginalized and excluded. Ensuring proportional representation is crucial for a truly inclusive workplace.Strategies for Promoting Diversity and Inclusion:To promote D&I, organizations can implement various strategies:1. Establish a Clear D&I Policy:Define the organization's commitment to D&I and outline specific goals. Communicate this policy to all employees.2. Provide Training and Development:Offer training programs to educate employees on unconscious bias and cultural sensitivity. Encourage open dialogue and create a safe space for discussions.3. Create Employee Resource Groups:Establish employee-led groups that provide support and networking opportunities for underrepresented groups.4. Measure and Track Progress:Regularly monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of D&I initiatives. Make adjustments as needed to ensure continuous improvement.Conclusion:Diversity and inclusion are essential for creating a thriving workplace. By embracing diverse perspectives and fostering an inclusive environment, organizations can reap numerous benefits and gain a competitive advantage.中文回答:工作场所中多元化和包容性的重要性。
英语论文提纲格式范文英语论文提纲格式范文一.课题研究目的意义随着经济全球化趋势的进一步增强,英语日益成为我国对外开放和与各国进行经济文化等方面交流的重要工具,因此如何改进英语教学已成为人们街谈巷议的话题和举目关注的焦点。
我校经过三年多的实践和研究,已初步确立了小学英语活动体系的目标和模式,实践证明小学英语活动体系是必要的,可行的,普遍适应小学生身心发展规律。
近年来我国基础外语教育有了很大的发展,然而,在大力发展基础英语教育的同时。
很多教师却不同程度地忽略了儿童心理认知的特点。
综观我们的外语课堂教学,教师的教学理念与社会的要求还有较大的差距。
在传统的教学方法的影响下,教师仍占去课堂大部分时间,导致为学生成为语言知识的消极接受者。
因而从更高的层面上来反思小学英语教学,真正的把小学英语活动体系应用到日常英语教学与英语活动中去就显得尤为重要。
为了改变现状,更好地贯彻教育部关于《英语课程标准》的精神,培养学生交际运用语言的能力,实现知识、技能向能力的转化,培养学生在英语活动中生动活泼`积极主动地发展,我们提出了《小学英语活动的实效性研究》的课题研究。
二、理论依据和研究目标理论依据:活动型教学方式符合外语教学理论中的“情感过滤”假设。
有利于调节儿童的情感因素。
“情感过滤说”(the Affective Filter Hypothesis)是Dulay 和Burt于1977年提出的,旨在解释情感因素如何影响外语学习的过程。
情感过滤说认为,有了大量可理解语言信息的输入并不等于学生就能学好目的语,因为外语教学的进程还受到情感因素的影响。
语言输入必须通过情感过滤才有可能变成语言的吸收,也就是说,情感因素起着促进或阻碍语言获得的作用。
对教师来说,重要的是如何总结经验,寻找办法来激发学生的学习兴趣,强化情感因素对他们语言习得的正面影响。
符合儿童心理和生理特点的活动型教学法,可以寓教于乐,减轻心理压力,降低情感过滤,增加儿童愉快的情感体验,形成良好的心理倾向,激活儿童学习的兴趣和动机。
英语议论文提纲式作文模板I. IntroductionA. Hook: The rise of social media has revolutionized the way we communicate, connecting people across the globe with just a few clicks.B. Thesis statement: Despite its benefits, social media has significantly altered modern communication, leading to both positive and negative consequences.II. Advantages of Social Media in CommunicationA. Instant connectivity: The ability to reach out to friends and family instantly.B. Global networking: Opportunities for networking and collaboration on an international scale.C. Information dissemination: Quick spread of news and information.D. Platform for activism: A tool for social and political activism.III. Disadvantages of Social Media in CommunicationA. Misinformation: The spread of fake news and false information.B. Privacy concerns: The potential for personal data to be misused.C. Isolation: The paradox of feeling lonely despite being connected.D. Reduced face-to-face interaction: The decrease in direct, personal communication.IV. The Role of Social Media in Business and MarketingA. Brand promotion: The use of social media for marketing and brand awareness.B. Customer engagement: Direct communication with consumers for feedback and support.C. Market research: Gathering insights into consumer behavior and preferences.V. The Future of Communication in the Digital AgeA. Predicted trends: The potential for increased use of virtual reality and augmented reality in communication.B. Challenges: Addressing the issues of privacy and security in digital communication.C. Opportunities: The potential for new forms of communication and interaction.VI. ConclusionA. Restate the importance of social media in modern communication.B. Summarize the key points: the benefits and drawbacks of social media's impact on communication.C. Final thoughts: The need for a balanced approach to using social media for effective communication.VII. Works Cited (if any sources are used)This outline serves as a template for writing an argumentative essay on the impact of social media on communication. It provides a structured approach todiscussing the topic, allowing for a clear and logical presentation of ideas.。
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Idiom Translation under the Chinese
and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract:Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete.In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem)This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject)from the angle of culture(Method)and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要:著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,
因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。
”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。
习语翻译
中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。
近20年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的交流,而很少涉及文化差异。
本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角
度研究中英习语翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词:习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research)English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures.In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of。