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新视野大学英语读写教程第四册教案B4U6Gender Equality*Teaching Objectives：Students will learn to use English to1. To talk about gender equality2. To further understand the text3. To apply the phrases and patterns4. To master the essay writing skill*Time Allotment: each unit 8 classes1st---2nd classes: Part I Warming up1.Lead-in : Guessing activity2.Pre-reading activities: Answer the questions3.Cultural background: Watch the video and fill in the blanks3rd--4th classes:Part II Text Study4.Reading in Depth: Structure Analysis, Summary, Difficult sentences analysisnguage Focus: More practice in Language Points (language points explanation,Sentence Patterns, Useful Expressions)5th—6th classes:Part III Reflection6.Critical thinking: More speaking practice in discussion related to gender equality7.Writing Practice: Essay writing• Write an essay with your personal experiences.7th—8th classes: Part IV Assignment7. Post-reading activities: summary of useful expressions, watching and discussing, speaking task, etc.8. Section B: Focus on fast reading and practice in reading skillUNIT 6Section A The weight men carryPart I Warming up1. Lead-in:To separate the words:Which words are always used to describe the men/women?Men: clean-cut, stylish, sharp, robust, virileWomen: cute, sexy, pretty, delicate, elegant2. Pre-reading activities:1) Can you list some jobs for women and some jobs for men?Women :nurse, teacher, office lady, assistantMen：soldier, architect, firefighter, mineworker2) Why is there a difference between men and women in choosing a job?Tips :Difference:Men are physically stronger. So they can do some jobs that require physical strength and power.Women are more subtle. So they can do some jobs that require carefulness and patience3. Cultural Background:Watch the video and fill in the blanks as the following sentences.• 1. In 2009, 60 % of graduates from Universities are females in OECD areas. By 2025 , 70 % of graduates are females in those areas.• 2. 70 % of education graduates are women, 75% of health and social science graduates are women. While, 70% of engineeringmanufacturing , construction graduates are men.• 3. On the pay-slip (工资单)，women's pay are always s maller than men’s.They average are 16 % smaller than men’s.• 4. In Norway, 40 % of board members are women. In Sweden, France and Finland, 15-20 % of board members are women. In Germany, Japan, Netherland , less than 5 % of board members are women.Part II Text Study1. Main idea & structure:Tips for Reading: A Good Reader should1) Try to become an active reader.2) Learn to ask more questions. ( what, why, how)3) Do the efficient reading. (key points, topic sentence, key words, locatingwords, necessary and sufficient )4) Develop a habit of marking during reading.Answer Questions1)What types of work did the author see men do in his hometown? (Para. 1)From morning to sundown:they built cabinets, dug ditches, mined coal, or drove trucks;they trained horses, stocked furnaces, made tires, stood on assembly lines, welding parts onto refrigerators or lubricating car engines.In the evenings and on weekends:they labored equally hard, working on their own small tract of land, fixing broken-down cars, repairing broken shutters and drafty windows.2) The bodies of the men I knew were twisted and wounded in ways _visible______ and _invisible_______. (Para. 2)Visible ways:Heavy lifting had given many of them spinal problems and appalling injuries. Racing against conveyor belts had given some ulcersome had broken ribs and lost fingers.Their ankles and knees ached from years of standing on concrete.Some had partial vision loss as the glow of the welding flame damaged their optic receptors.Invisible ways:All around us, the fathers always seemed older than the mothers.Men wore out sooner, being martyrs of constant work.3)What did they do when men worked as soldiers? (Para. 3)Tips:When the shooting started, many of them would die for their patriotism in fields and forts of foreign outposts. This was what soldiers were for – they were tools like a wrench, a hammer or a screw.4)What caused the author to be puzzled after he entered college? (Para. 5)Tips:The author was puzzled at women’s claim that men enjoy greater joys and more privileges. This was because he knew from his own experiences that men did much harder work and suffered much more than women.5)What kind of examples the author used to defend for men? (Para. 5)Tips:The right to work five days a week, 12 months a year, for 30 or 40 years, wedged in tight spaces in the textile mills, or in the coal mines, struggling to extract every last bit of coal from the rock-hard earth? The right to die in war? The right to fix every leak in the roof, every gap in the fence? The right to pile banknotes high for a rich corporation in a city far away? The right to feel, when the lay-off came or the mines shut down, not only afraid but also ashamed?6)Why did the author envy women? (Para. 6)They were interested in art or music or literature, and enjoy a sense of ease.They did not have to go to war.The space of their comparatively lightweight work seemed expansive.• They clipped coupons, went to see neighbors, or ran errands at school or at church.7)Why did the women in the author’s college see him as an enemy? (Para. 8)They were the daughters of privileged, Republican men and they wanted to inherit th eir fathers’ power and lordship over the world. They longed for a say over their future. And because of the author’s sex, as destined from birth to become like theirfathers, so they see him as an enemy.8)What kind of role the author wanted to play? (Para. 8)Tips: The author thinks that the miserable life of the lower class people is similar to the gender inequality that women suffer from. He supports the fight against social inequality, no matter whether it is related to class or gender.Structure Analysis:Introduction:Men labored all day and had little free time. (Para. 1)The bodies of men were twisted and wounded because of hard work. (Para. 2) Men were soldiers who had to die in war. (Para. 3)The lives of rich men who had power and privileges seemed remote and unreal. (Para. 4)Major arguments and supporting detailsWomen’s criticism of men was puzzling because men in reality had to work hard to support their household.(Para. 5)Women’s grievances were hard to understand because women had an easie r life than men. (Para. 6)The fates of lower-class men and women are equally bleak and grim. (Para. 7) Conclusion:Women have grievances about gender inequality because they don’t know the hard life of working-class men. (Para.8)2. Language Focus:Useful expressions:1）Off (the ) gridNot connected to public utilities and having your own power and water supply.远离公共设施的，自给自足的我们住在那里远离水电，生活全靠自己。
Part IDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. A TOEFL examination.B. Any English language examination.C. Good luck.D. Ill luck.Your answer Correct answerC C2. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. To keep evil away.B. To wish for more money.C. To show friendliness.D. To treat a wound.Your answer Correct answerA A3. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. She will paint it brown.B. She wants the man to paint it brown.C. She asks the man to climb up the ladder.D. She asks the man not to walk under the ladder.Your answer Correct answerD D4. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The building is a 13-floor one.B. The building does not have a 13th floor.C. The building has a 13th floor but nobody lives there.D. The building has a 13th floor but few people live there.Your answer Correct answerB B5. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. It causes a car accident.B. It causes an injury.C. It prevents bad luck.D. It makes plenty of money.Your answer Correct answerB CPart IIDirections: Listen to the passage(s) three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you hear. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10, write down either the exact words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage is read for the third time, check your answers.Easter Island in the southern Pacific Ocean remains a mystery.(1), it was almost uninhabited, but there were many statues on it. People are (S2)(2)(3)out.Different theories give different explanations, but none is completely convincing.The Easter Islanders had their own system of (S4)(4), different from any other in the world. No other (S5) (5)Islanders knew how to write. TheAmerican (S6) (6)did not know how to writeeither. Who (S7) (7)the Easter Islanders how to write, or did they develop their own system? Remember that writing was first invented in Asia only a few thousand years BC.(S8) (8). How did the Easter Islanders get them? Is it possible that a few Easter Islanders traveled 2,300 miles to Chile, got sweet potatoes, and brought them back? But this isunlikely. (S9) (9), which was only colonized in 1492. Could Easter Island have been colonized by people from Chile? Yet, DNA taken from graves dug up on Easter Island has shown that these people were Polynesians, not American Indians. The Polynesians lived on the sea and knew how to travel thousands of miles in their small canoes. They knew where they were going. The American Indians did not know how to do that. Yet, (S10)(10). Also, the seeds could have been brought in the stomachs of birds.YourCorrect answeranswer(1) discovered discovered(2) eager eager(3) died died(4) writing writing(5) Pacific(6) Indians Indians(7) told taught(8)The Easter Islanders lived on sweetpotatoes they farmed. These sweetpotatoes came from the Americas(9)Remember that the distancesinvolved were great, further thanthe distance from Europe to theclosest place in the Americas(10)a few American Indians could havereached Easter Island, because ofa storm, and brought the seeds ofsweet potatoes with themPart IIIDirections: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. When did people begin to record animals falling from skies?A. Hundreds of years ago.B. Thousands of years ago.C. In 1877.D. In 1957.Your answer Correct answerC B2. What did Dr. Smith notice?A. An alligator climbing ashore.B. An alligator falling to the ground, seriously wounded.C. An alligator falling to the ground dead.D. An alligator falling to the ground and crawling towards thetent.Your answer Correct answerD D3. How many alligators did the doctor find within 200 yards?A. Eight.B. Seven.C. Six.D. Two.Your answer Correct answerA A4. How did Mr. and Mrs. Tucker conclude that the alligatordropped from sky?A. They heard the soft sound of a falling object.B. They heard a groan.C. They heard both a thump and a groan.D. They saw a dark object dropping to the ground.Your answer Correct answerC C5. How did the airship officer know that the alligator had fallenfrom the sky?A. He saw it falling with his own eyes.B. One of his crew members saw it falling.C. The crew of another airship saw it falling.D. The officer did not take an alligator aboard.Your answer Correct answerD DPart IVDirections: Choose the right answer.1. My Uncle gave me this lucky mascot when I was five, and it'sbeen with me ever since. It brought me luck in all my college exams. I can't ________________ part with it.A. bring myself toB. get myselfC. take myself toD. help myselfYour answer Correct answerA A2. Congratulations for getting the interview! I've________________ for you.A. crossed my legs for youB. crossed my arms for youC. got your fingers crossedD. got my fingers crossedYour answer Correct answerD D3. David Copperfield is the world's greatest magician; he'scertainly ________________.A. worth seenB. worth lookedC. worth lookingD. worth a lookYour answer Correct answerD D4. A magician never tells his secrets. David attempts theimpossible, and no one has any idea ________________ he does it.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. howYour answer Correct answerD D5. If you smash your mirror, your soul will be damaged too,dooming it to an early death, and not giving it an entry into ________________.A. skyB. the skyC. heavenD. the heavenYour answer Correct answerD C。
新视野大学英语(第三版）读写2 U校园答案UNIT 1Words in use1. crumbled2.discern3.surpass4.shrewd5.conversion6. distort7.radiant8. ingenious9. stumped10.propositionBanked cloze1.mentioned2.determine3.gained4.responsible5.heavily6.artistic7.opposite8.analytical9.distorted10.stumpedExpressions in use1.were dripping with2.in exchange for3.flared up4.make an analogy between5.set a date for6.make7.out of8.made a pact9.had appealed toUNIT 2Words in use1. deficient2.prosecution3.outrage4.appeased5.conformity6.strandplement 8.transient9. appliances10.outfitBanked cloze1.achieving2.gorgeous3.considered4.context5.accessories6.appreciatedplexion8.handsomement10. admirationExpressions in use1. in hopes of2. came up with3. excused herself4. was obsessed with5.reaching out to6.voice an opinion on7. live up to8.in terms ofUNIT 3Words in use1. exquisite2.dispersed3.decentralized/decentralised4.deduce5.fixture6. frugality7. administrate8. disjointed9. Reviving10.elapseBanked cloze1.frequently2. immersed3.disrupted4.stress5.sphere6.challenges7.quantify8.financial9.administrate10.addiction Expressions in use1.held2. in high regard3. In the interim4.was onto something5.in turn6.from time to time7. pick on8. take a stab at9.boil down toUNIT 4Words in use1.consolidate2.differentiate3.dreadful4.incompatible5. alleged6. bizarre7. correlation8.negligible9.habitats10.intelligible Banked cloze1.incompatible2.preserve3.available4.proportion5.utilized6.converted7.dreadful8.balance9.sane10.considerable Expressionsin use1.took on2.called upon3.runs against the grain4.be incompatible with5. come through6.is bound up7. differentiate between8. have struck a chord withUNIT 5Words in use 11.fabricate2.nominal3. temporal4.reciprocal5. denotes6. consecutive7. spectators8. muttering9. composite10.maliciousBanked cloze1.exterior2. insightsplete4.course5.inconsistencies6.offended7.gestures8.ornaments9.sense10.distinctiveExpressions in use1. got to the point2. are attached to3. would have starved to death4.If anything5.were suspicious of6.wandered around7.on the side8.was representative ofUNIT 6Words in use1. alien2. optic3.symmetrical4.lubricated5. twinkled /were twinkling6.mediator7. outposts8.traversing9.emancipate10.deductiveBanked cloze1.reason2.levy3.generating4.lightweight5.reduction6.enhance7.achieved8. emancipate9. relationships10.approachesExpressions in use1. being extracted from2.emancipate3.from4.cater to5.have a say on6.made a racket7.was destined to8.run errands9.has scraped by / has been scraping byUNIT 7Words in use1. fringe2.unify3.extinct4.indefinite5.Slash6.intricate7.inaugurate8. ventilate9. collaboration10. diffused Banked cloze1.particulates2.viable3.disagree4.cite5.rotary6.vary7.little8.minimize9.locating10.designed Expressions in use1. fill up2.is projected to3.have factored in4.pose a risk to5.clear up6.is derived from7. hinge on8. is uponUNIT 8Words in use1. stalked2.expectancy3.terminate4.condolences5.chronicling6.malpractice7.retrospective8. boycott9.incur10.batchesBanked cloze1.depressing2.figure3.flexibility4.seemingly5.imagine6.sparked7.suffering 8.leaflets9. passionateExpressions in use1. stay on the sidelines2.alerted3.to4. turned upy siege to6.followed suit7. In the face of8.put out9.get revenge for本文档部分内容来源于网络，如有内容侵权请告知删除，感谢您的配合！。
新视野大学英语第三版视听说教程4答案Unit 1 How we behave is who We areListening to the world1-2 SharingPractice 1Reference:In the podcast, people are interviewed about good and bad behavior. They talk about what kind of behavior in public places is annoying to them,a recent example of good or bad manners they experienced, and whether people's attitude to behavior changes as they get older.Practice 2Reference:1. To him, city life is quite impersonal.2. When people behave kindly.3. He feels very much annoyed.4. About good and bad behavior.Practice 3B E F DC APractice 4B A B APractice 51) anti-social2) aware of3) appreciate4) attitude5) tolerant6) come to an end7) walk away8) Impress1-3 ListeningUse the skills 1Reference:·- If your choices are mostly "A"s, you are clearly a morning person. You are most efficient and alert in the morning, but become quickly tired when evening comes and often feel uncomfortable at the thought of going out after nine.-If your choices are mostly "B"s, it means that getting up early might not be your favorite thing, but you do it if you have to and you can't imagine why some people make such a fuss about it.- If your choices are mostly "C"s, you are a real evening person and you are not really clearheaded and focused until it starts to get dark-that's when you feel most energetic.Your ideal schedule would be sleeping in until noon and doing allyour work and socializing after dinner.·- I like being a morning person because I can enjoy the quietness of the mornings;I have time to enjoy breakfast, the most important meal of a day;I can travel to work or school before the rush hours and skip the traffic jams;and I feel good about myself for my ability to manage myself.- I like being an evening person because my mind usually works most productively during late night hours, and I also can get more work done when everyone has gone asleep and there is no one disturbing me.Use the skills 2Reference:1. The interviewer is an owl. She explains that it is because she was born in the late evening at 10 o'clock.2. Though she is an owl, her job requires her to be a lark and get up every morning at 5:30.3. Which are you,a lark or an owl? And why?Use the skills 3A B B B B A BUse the skills 41) 1/One2) peaceful3) beautiful4) lovely part5) 6/Six6) party7) 2/Two8) with a passion9) last second10) 3/Three11) walking their dogs12) with a bounce13) 4/Four14) away15) the best part of the day16) 5/Five17) thinking straight18) at my sharpest19) 7/Seven20) we had children21) in the mornings22) in the evenings1-4 ViewingGet a clue 1Reference:1. Desmond Morris is widely known for his study of human behavior, customs and rituals, and his writings on the area.2. He was originally a zoologist.3. In this video clip, he focuses on customs connected with greeting and on the meaning of different gestures.View it 1Reference:1. Because he was fascinated with their body language.2. A"man watcher".3. Over 60 countries.4. The different ways of shaking hands, and the different ways of saying"You are crazy".View it 2Speaking for communication1-5 Role-playingNot then down 1Reference:1. Because he wants to ask her to pay back the money she has borrowed from him.2.She explains that she is terrible with money and that she just forgets about it.3. She says she will pay back the money the following week when she gets paid.4. He feels annoyed about the situation.5. He suggests that the woman pay back a little amount of the money each week. Not then down 2G A F H B D C E1-6 PresentingGet ideas 1Reference:1. The story is about a couple who were ordered to return a large amount of lottery prize money.2. The story happened in Birmingham, UK.3. Alan and Megan Beecham, the couple who found the lottery ticket.4. They wondered whether they should cash in a winning lottery ticket or not, because the ticket was not theirs.5. They decided to cash it in because the temptation of the money was too great.6. Yes, they spent half of the prize money on a new car and other expensive things.7. They were ordered to pay back the money.Organize ideas 1-1Reference:Situation 1: Whether to return the extra change wrongly given by a cashier Situation 2: Whether to go abroad to study right after graduation from high school or wait till finishing collegeSituation 3: Whether to look at the answers to an upcoming exam a classmate had sentSituation 4: Whether to quit the current part-time job or notOrganize ideas 1-2Reference:1. It was about whether to look at the answers to an exam.2. The night before the exam.3. A classmate sent me an email with the answers to the exam.4. I'm a good student and I don't cheat.·The exam was really important for my future.5. Not to look at the answers to guarantee a good exam result,but to report the incident to the teacher.6. Being honest in exams is one of the most basic rules we should comply with as college students.·Cheating is a shameful and risky act.7. No,I feel happy about the decision.I would certainly do the same again.1-7 Public speakingPractice the skills 1More practice in listening1-8 More practice in listeningConversations 1-1DConversations 1-2AConversations 1-3BConversations 1-4CConversations 1-5CConversations 2C BD APassages 1A C D CPassages 21) distressing2) desperate3) urge4) acquire5) are totally unaware of6) are isolated from7) affirm8) interact with9) impulse10) are convinced ofNews 1B CNews 2B A CUnit test1-10 Unit test短对话5题1) D. The man doesn't care about children saying ma'am or sir.2) D. The woman's work as a writer.3) B. Show respect to the teacher.4) C. The shirt.5) D. One's special abilities.长对话5题6) C. Troubles in their marriage.7) A. They agreed to share the work.8) A. The state of the marriage.9) A. Go to their parents.10) D. Their home.短文理解5题11) C. Public interest lawyers.12) B. Some people can't afford lawyers.13) D. Some lawyers choose to receive less money.14) D. Sometimes lawyers don't charge a client.15) C. Trouble with one's landlord.复合式听写10题16) at17) section18) connects19) at the bottom of20) shining21) As22) cross23) running away from24) streaming down25) DestroyedUnit 2 Getting older, getting wiser ? Listening to the world2-2 SharingPractice 1Reference:In the podcast, people are interviewed about how they feel about their lives. They talk about what they are looking forward to in the future, whether there is anything they aren't looking forward to, and whether their schooldays are the best days of their lives.Practice 21) excited2) on the banks3) beach parties4) find out5) looking forward toPractice 3F A D C E BPractice 4A A AB B B B A B APractice 5A AB A B B B2-3 ListeningUse the skills 1Reference:1 .1) I will definitely work on my graduation project.I will graduate in two years, so certainly I will be working on a certain project and writing up my thesis in the last semester of my university studies.2) I will probably travel to a beautiful place, for example, the West Lake in Hangzhou. or Lijiang in Yunnan Province.I like traveling. so if I have time and money.I may go to a place with beautiful scenery and enjoy nature in the summer.3) I am unlikely to work as an intern in a company.I am always busy studying, soI don't have much time to find an internship. Although many of my classmates may do various types of part-time jobs,I'm not likely to do that.4) I certainly wont take the graduate admission examination.I am pretty sure thatI want to work immediately after graduation rather than continue to study. This means I will not take the graduate admission examination. Instead,I will be busy looking for a job.2. Yes, I would certainly love to receive a letter from my younger self. It would be exciting to open the letter years later and find out what dreams have come true and what have not. It would be a unique record of my thoughts and ideas at a younger age.Use the skills 2B A A A A BUse the skills 31) Thursday,20/5/2004/Thursday, the 20th of May, 20042) 16/sixteen3) 20/twenty4) by the river5) raining6) fancied7) have the guts to tell him8) good-looking/romantic and intelligent9) three children/3 children10) I'm happy11) feel good about who I was /am12) Good luck for the future13) be happy with who you areUse the skills 4Reference:1. She feels it seems very shallow.2. She has now grown up and matured.3. She is very happy with where she is now./She doesn't think life has to be the perfect image she pictured.2-4 ViewingGet a clue 1Reference:1. The three places mentioned are Okinawa, Loma Linda and Sardinia.2. People there live longer than anywhere else on earth.3. To uncover the secrets to a long life in these communities.View it lB B A B B AView it 2Speaking for communication2-5 Role-playingNot then down 1Reference:1) got a mobile phone and had a bill for over £2002) being overprotective;should give her son some freedom3) spends all his time on the computer, so he never gets any exercise4) wants to get pierced earsNot then down 2A B A A A B A A B A2-6 PresentingGet ideas 1Reference:Ages Best things Worst things15 More trust from parents Not having enough money20 Living away from home Looking too young and immature30 Plenty of time to get things right Heavy pressure to be successful65 Appreciating friends and family and time with them Fear of growing older and being unable to do things she wants toOrganize ideas 1-1Reference:Ages Good things Bad things5·Care-free·Having lots of playmates at kindergarten·Having many toys to play with·Unable to do things alone·Too young to protect oneself·Under strict control of parents & grandparents all the time20·Living away from home·Interesting lectures·Diverse clubs&activities·Academic pressure·Financially dependent on parents·Lack of privacy in dorms45·Having a fulfilling career·Having a happy family·Financially secure·Too busy to visit parents·Constant need to update knowledge& skills·Need to save money for children's educationOrganize ideas 1-2Reference:Age 5 Best thing:Care-freeReasons:·No schoolwork·No pressure to earn a living·Loving parentsWorst thing:Unable to do things alone Reasons:·Not allowed to go out alone·Parents decide everything·Not old enough to explore the world on one's ownAge 20 Best thing:Diverse clubs & activities Reasons:·Good opportunities to make friends·Develop interests and hobbiesWorst thing:Lack of privacy in dorms Reasons:·Difficult to concentrate on study·No space for personal activityAge 45 Best thing:Financially secure Reasons: ·Can buy whatever you want·Have a comfortable house to live inWorst thing:Too busy to visit parents Reasons:·Lots of business trips·Kids to take care of2-7 Public speakingPractice the skills 1More practice in listening2-8 More practice in listening Conversations 1-1AConversations 1-2DConversations 1-3CConversations 1-4BConversations 1-5DConversations 2C B A DPassages 1B C D APassages 21) proportion2) estimated3) have profound impacts on4) potential5) economically6) pensions7) originate from8) residential9) poses a challenge to10) be transformed intoNews 1B DNews 2B D CUnit test2-10 Unit test短对话5题1) B. Young people seldom stay long on the same job.2) D. To arrange an appointment for him with the supervisor.3) C. Attend the graduation ceremony.4) B. He doesn't agree with the woman.5) C. Go to ask Grandpa.长对话5题6) C. The man doesn't expect the child to be a genius.7) C. Being a genius.8) B.The speakers have different opinions about the intelligence of the child.9) A. Husband and wife.短文理解5题10) B. Old rules for finding a job that are not so good.11) C. Some people have bad ideas about job hunting.12) A. They should give just enough information to make the employer interested.13) A. Encouraging the employer to want more information about you.14) D. They are suitable to different people.复合式听写10题15) launched16) corner17) bankruptcy18) virtually19) directing20) discharged21) secured22) substantial23) Not surprisingly24) fashion accessoriesUnit 3 Discovering your niche holidayListening to the world3-2 SharingPractice 1Reference:In this podcast, people are interviewed about how they spend their free time, how they would spend their free time differently if they had more time or money or opportunity,and what are the benefits to society if people are given more freetime or holidays.Practice 21) enjoy2) free3) music4) internationally5) festivals6) spend your free timePractice 3D E G H B A C FPractice 4B A A B A APractice 5B A B A A B B A3-3 ListeningUse the skills 1Reference:A bird-watching holiday appeals to me most. The majority of bird-watching tours adopt a relaxing, flexible approach.This not only allows a group of like-minded people to see a wide range of bird species, but also allows them adequate time for taking photos and enjoying the wild landscape. In a word, bird-watching holidays are immensely satisfying.They open a window into another world.Use the skills 2A D G EB F CUse the skills 3A B A B B A B A3-4 ViewingGet a clue 1Reference:Members of the public/BBC viewers decided the top 50things to do in one's lifetime. View it 11) husky sledding2) 383) wing-walking/wing walking4) 355) driving on Route 666) 197) bungee jumping8) 179) swimming with dolphins10) 1View it 2B A BSpeaking for communication3-5 Role-playingNot then down 1Four/4a swimming poolcovered by another"wall"/covered by another wallthe same position as the shape in the holewhat shape the hole will be until the last momentNot to get knocked into the poolgets through the most shapesNot then down 2A B A A B B A B3-6 PresentingGet ideas 1Reference:I partly disagree with the writer's view that today most people spend their free time doing things that do not contribute to their development and are essentially unproductive. In my opinion, many people today actually use the additional free time that technology has created for working more, rather than for interacting with net friends or for other meaningless activities. For instance, many people have formed the habit of checking company emails frequently even during their off-work hours;they are disturbed by cell phone calls concerning work wherever they are even on weekends; they are obliged to bring their computers with them even when going on a vacation. They never seem to have real freedom after work owing to the advancement of technology and the popularization of modern communications devices. However, although they live in such constant chaos, the truth is, this kind of life allows them no chance to spend time wastefully, and it often contributes to their career development and makes them more productive. Organize ideas 1-1Reference:Meaningful lesuire activities Reasons for being meaningful1. Outdoor activities such as going to parks, mountains and beaches·build health·prevent and reduce stress·improve social life2. Surfing the Internet·keep people well-informed·communicate with people all over the world easily·get entertainment through watching TV series or movies online3. Reading books·make people think more deeply·improve concentration4. Playing chess·make people smarter·relieve stress and bring funOrganize ideas 1-2Reference:1. If I were to choose two most meaningful leisure activities.I'd like to consider getting outdoors and reading books.These two activities are especially important in the modern world.2. 1) Being outdoors brings physical benefits as well as benefits to our social life.·build health·prevent and reduce stress·improve social life2) Reading books expands the depth of our knowledge. and helps us to improve concentration.·require people to think more deeply·require people to focus for long periods of time3. Being outdoors and reading books are two leisure activities that are especially meaningful in today's world.They help us to offset the negative aspects brought by modern technology and lifestyle.3-7 Public speakingPractice the skills 1More practice in listening3-8 More practice in listeningConversations 1-1DConversations 1-2DConversations 1-3CConversations 1-4BConversations 1-5AConversations 2D D B CPassages 1B C A CPassages 21) resorts2) sprung up3) dramatically4) having an adverse effect on5) combat6) wilderness7) unspoiled8) streams of9) guidelines10) auction offNews 1D BNews 2B CUnit test3-10 Unit test短对话5题1) A. The woman wants to play golf while the man wants to play tennis.2) B. No one will pay attention to how the man dances.3) B. A beautiful scene.4) B. She likes to take long camping trips.5) C. Annoyed.长对话5题6) C. Going out for the night.7) C.A concert.8) D. The man doesn't want to go out with the woman's parents.9) D. To go with the woman and her parents.10) B. Girlfriend and boyfriend.短文理解5题11) D. Types of vacations in the U.S.12) A. It is more comfortable than staying in tents.13) B. America has more tourist attractions than Europe.14) C. Both its major cities and its natural scenes are attractive.15) D. They can look at plants and flowers at close quarters.复合式听写10题16) audience17) teenage18) celebrate19) Popular20) conquers21) columns22) is central to23) a private arrangement24) to choose25) apart fromUnit 4 Solving problems &seeking happinessListening to the world4-2 SharingPractice 1Reference:In this podcast, people are interviewed about whether they think money makes them happy, what things are more important to them than money, and whether wealthy people should be taxed more to support the poor.Practice 2Reference:1. She is a producer for the BBC.2. She likes living in London, but it can be quite expensive.3. Money and happiness.Practice 3D F AE B G CPractice 41) brighten your mood2) a nurturing environment3) a stable family4) health5) Feel contentment6) makes the difference7) feeling satisfied withPractice 5A B B B A4-3 ListeningUse the skills 1C A ED F BUse the skills 21) E2) A F3) B4) C5) DUse the skills 31) F /f2) hotels or even cities3) A /a4) make money5) has doubled6) wherever he goes7) A /a8) what kind of food she eats9) junk mail or adverts10) F /f11) robbed12) more crimes13) have no need to worry14) F/f15) be more careful16) sent to the newspapers17) posted online4-4 ViewingGet a clue 1Reference:1.·Yes,I totally agree that people are feeling less happy now than before though their living standards have improved greatly. The main reason is that people now have to face more pressure, and cope with the fast-paced modern life. As a result, they feel anxious all the time and have no mood to enjoy life.·No,I don't quite agree. To me, whether people feel happier or not depends on what age they are. Older people may be mostly happier than before because their lives have become much more comfortable after living standards improved.Children may also be happier than in the past because they have more toys to play with and more places to go for fun.Young people may be the only group that feels less happy because today they have to compete for everything.2.•Yes,I do feel that it is hard for me to feel happy nowadays. Probably this is because as I grow older,I don't get excited easily anymore. When we were little, happiness could be something simple and easy. A candy or a toy would cheer us up and make us happy for a whole day. But now it's hard for us to have this feeling, and we often ignore a lot of good things in our life.·No.I don't think it's hard for me to feel happy today. I'm a very cheerful and optimistic person. Even if I fail to do something. I always choose to see the bright side. To me.there is no point being unhappy. It will only make things worse. View it lD B A C DView it 21) rethink everything2) Give it up/give it up3) transform4) standard of living5) diminishedSpeaking for communication4-5 Role-playingNot then down 11) Cosmetic surgery/cosmetic surgery2) Against /against)(For or Against3) dangerous4) frozen solid5) For/for6) health7) Downloading music for free /downloading music for free8) Against/against9) For/for10) theft11) stealing from them12) without paying13) make any money14) For /for)(For or Against15) CD sales16) file sharing17) concerts18) Banning cars from city center / banning cars from city center19) Against/against20) polluting than cars21) a reduction in shop sales22) perfectly fine23) For/for24) electric buses25) pollutedNot then down 2A B A A B A A B A A4-6 PresentingGet ideas 1Reference:1. The topics and their order:car, friendship, good food,money, and free time.2. Friendship and money.3. Four.4. More free time.Get ideas 2E B C D AOrganize ideas 1-1Reference:1) feel energetic & focused2) do whatever I like to do3) do well what I need to do4) not worried about anything5) sport & friendship6) health &free time7) health &friendship8) good food & money9) four10) three11) four12) three13) money14) money15) money16) money17) less18) less19) less20) lessOrganize ideas 1-2Reference:Introduction to the survey(purpose, method, etc.):1) Purpose:To find out what college students think of happiness and how they evaluate their own sense of happiness.2) Method :By interviewing four of my classmates with five questions.Findings and analysis:1) Most of them defined happiness as something related to one's state of mind.2) Regarding the two things most difficult to live without,most of them chose health, friendship, free time, or sport.but one chose good food and money.3) All of them rated their level of happiness as three or four.4) Their answers to the last two questions were surprisingly the same. All of them said that they lacked money and that they felt less happy than they were five years ago, probably because of the pressure associated with study and career choice. Conclusions from the survey:1) Students have a proper understanding of happiness.2) They value health, friendship and free time more than material things.3) They are fairly satisfied with their current situation.4) They want to have more money.5) They feel less happy nowadays.4-7 Public speakingPractice the skills 1More practice in listening4-8 More practice in listeningConversations 1-1CConversations 1-2AConversations 1-3BConversations 1-4CConversations 1-5DConversations 2B A B DPassages 1A D D CPassages 21) prevalent2) scary3) be classified as4) epidemic5) ratio6) diagnosed7) keeping track of8) was still associated with9) affirm10) in terms ofNews 1A DNews 2A CUnit test4-10 Unit test短对话5题1) D. He's worried about the coming exams.2) B. Forest fires will be worse next year.3) A. The earthquake was not as strong as the Tokyo one.4) C. The government should improve the development of the infrastructure in the area.5) D. The woman thinks human beings can do nothing but minimizing losses in the face of natural disasters.长对话5题6) C. Because of the death of a sheep clone.7) D. She produced six little ones before dying at the age of 68) A. Short legs.9) C. He cloned a fish more than three decades earlier.10) B. It was published in a Chinese journal.短文理解5题11) A. A school for handicapped people.12) B. Mental and physical challenges pose a problem.13) A. Surrounding walls14) B. Students at Bancroft make money.15) D. Pay phone charges.复合式听写10题16) over17) companionship18) lover19) definition20) scarce21) diary22) The sight of23) defeated24) made up25) philosophers and scientistsUnit 5 Art expands horizonsListening to the world5-2 SharingPractice 1Reference:In the podcast, people are asked about the arts. They talk about what areas of the arts they enjoy, what exhibition or performance they went to recently, and whether they think the arts are important.Practice 2Reference:1. Photography and dance.2. The small, intimate exhibitions.3. The arts.Practice 3D H A F BE C GPractice 4A B B A B APractice 5enrichexpand our horizonsTerriblyintellectspecificlearn through artall aspectsaliveperformanceintense emotions5-3 ListeningUse the skills 1Reference:1. Yes, there are a number of public art works in the city where I live now. We have some sculptures in the commercial streets downtown,a museum of wood sculpture next to the city library, and a grand theater near the train station. Of all of these,I like the museum of wood sculpture the best. The museum is small but has a large collection from both ancient and modern times. It is a major tourist attraction in the city and receives lots of visitors each year.2. Art projects are absolutely necessary for a town or city because they have extensive cultural, social, and economic values. First of all, public art is a unique part of public culture. Places with a strong artistic expression can be symbols of the city's image and identity. Secondly, art projects in public places play various social functions, such as showing the history of the city or commemorating a famous person. Finally, public art projects can bring economic profit. A well-presented art scene can attract visitors and businesses, and hence boost the local economy.Use the skills 2B AC B AUse the skills 31) gets your vote2) in favor of3) useful and beneficial4) bring jobs5) entertainment and activities6) concern me7) expensive8) I personally would prefer9) with disabilities10) excellent11) enjoy gardens12) mentioned youth13) involved14) not so sure15) costs16) my vote would go to17) leave out18) hanging around19) routine20) bringing along21) the older generation5-4 ViewingGet a clue 1Reference:1. Banksy is a graffiti artist, whose work has brought graffiti into mainstream art and is sold for a large amount of money.2. Because Banksy is said to be from Bristol.。
Unit1Section A课文翻译爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。
如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。
3 “光彩照人”，她已经是了。
而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。
4 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。
我的想法有些怪异。
而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。
我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。
“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。
5 “逻辑学。
”6 “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。
7 “逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。
逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。
我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。
”8 “好啊，”她表示同意。
9 “‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。
比方说：运动是有益的，所以每个人都应该运动。
”10 她点头表示赞同。
11 我看得出她没弄明白。
“波莉，” 我解释说，“这个推断太过简单化了。
如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。
所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。
”12 “接下来是‘草率结论’。
这似乎不言自明，对吧？仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯也不会说法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。
”13 “是吗？”波莉吃惊地说。
“没有人吗？”14 “这也是一种逻辑谬误，”我说，“这一结论太草率了，因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了。
新视野大学英语读写教程4课后习题答案(完整版)-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册课后答案Unit OneIII.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案Unit 6 Gender equalitySection A6-2 Text A: The weight men carryPre-reading activitiesPre-reading activities-11) Their place is in the home. (OR: A woman's place is in the home.)2) The importance of equality in the home.3) The pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions.4) They will accept gender equality more easily and be better prepared for a world characterized by cooperation between the two genders.Pre-reading activities-21) Yes, I agree with this view. Women are different from men physiologically, so I do think to be a full-time housewife is a proper and respectable "job"for women. Childcare and housework are important for a family and for the whole society. With the wife staying at home to take care of the household, the husband can be more devoted to his work and support the family financially.No, I disagree with this view. I think that women and men should share responsibilities in the home and that women should have the same right to work as men. Men and women today have equal opportunities of education, so they are capable of doing the same work. This has been proved by the fact that there are a large number of successful female scientists, teachers, engineers and managers in the modern world. Although there are indeed certain jobs more suitable for one sex than for the other, I would say there is no major difference in most fields.2) The distribution of gender roles in my family is part traditional and part modern. It is traditional in the sense that my mom does most of the housework, such as cooking and laundry. It is meanwhile modern since both my parents have their own career. I feelmy parents have equal rights and responsibilities at home. My father earns a higher salary than my mother does, and hence he takes more financial responsibilities. My mother, however, contributes more time to housework although she earns less money. In addition, sometimes my father helps out with the housework too if my mother is too busy.Reading comprehensionReading comprehension-11) He saw men do hard physical work such as farming, mining, welding and house repair.2) The fact that the life of men was wretched and dangerous due to various kinds of injuries.3) Because the men he saw on television were rich and powerful, and their lives were totally different from those of the lower class men he knew about.4) The author was puzzled at women's claim that men enjoy greater joys and more privileges. This wasbecause he knew from his own experiences that men did much harder work and suffered much more than women.5) He thought women's life was much easier and much more comfortable than men's.6) He realized that women's life was rather limited since they had to work mostly in the house and that many women suffered from men's bullying.7) By using this phrase, the author refers to the poor areas where lower class people, regardless of their gender, had to work hard to make a living.8) The author thinks that the miserable life of the lower class people is similar to the gender inequality that women suffer from. He supports the fight against social inequality, no matter whether it is related to class or gender.Reading comprehension-21) Yes, I agree. The tradition in our society is that men are the breadwinner and women are the homemaker. This means that men are supposed to earn most of themoney to buy a house and support the family, while women do not have such pressure.No, I do not agree with this view. In the modern society, many women have a successful career, and they sometimes are even more powerful than men. For example, there are women holding high positions in such sectors as business, sciences and education. Meanwhile women tend to do most of the housework at home. Therefore, I don't think men carry more weight in life than women.2) Yes, I think so. My parents worked in a big state-owned factory, where both men and women worked at similar positions and earned more or less the same amount of money.No, I do not think so. I grew up in the countryside, where even today men are dominant in the family. In those days, men had greater power in deciding the important things, for example, building houses and annual farming plans, whereas women generally followed what their husband says.3) Yes, a woman's economic status is certainly related to her family status. If she earns the same amount of money as, or even a greater amount than, her husband, she can have great power in making decisions on family issues such as house purchase and distribution of household responsibilities.No, a woman's economic status has nothing to do with how much power and responsibilities she has at home. Husband and wife should share in housework and decision-making regardless of who earns more money to support the family.4) Yes, I think women today still have a lower status than men do. For instance, in top government positions, there are very few women. To solve the problem, I think we can make a law to specify that a certain percentage of women should be hired for a certain type of position.No, I think women have achieved the same status as men in today's China. For example, they have equal rights to education and employment. Boys and girlscan go to the same school. In addition, men and women can both have their own careers.5) In my view, gender equality involves three essential elements. One is mutual respect between the two sexes. This means that men and women should value each other's choices and opinions in daily life. The second is equal rights to participate in the society. In particular, men and women should have the same opportunities to receive education, to have a job outside the home, and to have voices heard in politics. Finally, there should be laws or regulations to guard against gender discrimination. In this way, gender equality can be ensured through legal resources.6-3 Text A: Language focusWords in use1. alien2. optic3. symmetrical4. lubricated5. twinkled,were twinkling6. mediator7. outposts8. traversing9. emancipate10. deductiveWord buliding: Practice Word buliding: Practice-11) prevalent2) persistent3) correspondent4) respondent5) inclusive6) indicative7) inductive9) operative10) responsive11) initiate12) speculativeWord buliding: Practice-21. operative2. indicative3. prevalent4. interactive5. speculative6. initiate7. respondents8. inclusive9. persistent11. responsive12. correspondent Banked cloze1) reason2) levy3) generating4) lightweight5) reduction6) enhance7) achieved8) emancipate9) relationships10) approaches Expressions in use1) being extracted from2) emancipate3) from4) cater to5) have a say on6) made a racket7) was destined to8) run errands9) has scraped by,has been scraping by6-4 Structure analysis & writingStructured writing: Practice参考：A prevalent view in today's media is that the single-child generation is a spoiled generation. Those growing up as single children are "little emperors" and "little empresses" who enjoy all the comfort and attention from their parents and grandparents. In a word, they are the happiestgeneration in China. However, I strongly disagree with this view. In fact, based on my own experiences, I think life as a single child is rather lonely and lacks freedom.I grew up as the only child in my family, just like most kids of my age. My parents and grandparents made me the center of their attention. I did enjoy the comfort of the home they provided me. But I cannot say that I was in any way spoiled and happy.I felt lonely in childhood. When I was very young, I spent a lot of time telling stories to myself or fighting with imaginary robots. Games like chess and cards were luxuries for me as I could seldom find anyone to play with. When I was able to read, I spent a lot of time reading or writing alone. When I was the only one at home, all I thought about was what I should do next, what I wanted, and what I needed.I also had little freedom in the family. My parents and grandparents put all their focus on me. Whatever I did was closely monitored. They decided what clothes I should wear, what food I should eat, andwhat toys I should play with. I felt my life was totally controlled and planned by them.As far as I know, the kids around me all had similar experiences. So, it is a real pity that people keep saying we belong to the most spoiled and the happiest generation. They should stop labeling us this way as I know from my own childhood that life as a single child is far from the happiest.6-5 TranslationTranslationTranslation-1参考：欧洲联盟（欧盟）是一个由28个欧洲国家组成的经济和政治联盟。
新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册unit1-6听力文本翻译+答案Uint1II。
基本的听力练习1。
脚本我沉浸在自己的快乐。
我如此幸运。
你猜怎么着?我已经从彩票里赢得了一笔钱。
”女:是吗?哦,你不知道金钱是万恶之源,对吗?问:那个女人说什么?2。
脚本魏:玛丽非常愤怒。
她的儿子弄坏了她的车。
男:他不该开了一辆没有驾驶执照的车。
他还在参加驾驶课。
问:我们知道玛丽的儿子什么吗?3。
脚本男:苏珊,我听说你要跟那个家伙结婚。
有些人认为你会后悔的。
女:是这样的吗?只有时间会证明。
问:女人是什么意思?4。
脚本男:玛丽,我只是想说我是多么难过地得知你母亲的去世。
我知道你们两个关系非常密切。
女:谢谢。
它是如此的突然。
我还在惊吓的状态,我不知道该怎么做。
问:下面哪一个是正确的?5。
脚本女:我在工作中感到愤怒，因为当我的意见不被考虑就因为我是女人。
男:你说得对。
你应该让你的意见更加具有着重点和被需求，那样就会被采纳。
问:什么是女人在抱怨什么?答案:1。
C 2。
B3 D。
4A。
5D三。
Listening in任务一:。
玛丽:操!你对我洒了红酒。
我的新连衣裙全毁了。
约翰:我很对不起!我能帮什么忙?这里有水可以把它洗掉。
玛丽:别把水洒在我身上。
哦,这真尴尬!我看起来糟透了。
约翰:你看起来有点不高兴。
请不要发脾气。
别失去你的冷静。
玛丽:嗯,你已经得到神经那样谈话!谁不突然的发火?这件连衣裙花一大笔钱。
约翰: 当你疯了的时候你看起来很可爱。
我不骗你。
有些人确实能吸引人,当他们处于一种愤怒。
玛丽:这是非常昂贵的衣服。
我存了好几个月的钱才买的,现在却被毁了。
你看这污渍。
约翰:事故发生了。
给我你的衣服,我就把它送洗衣店吧。
玛丽:当然!你想让我把它在公众场合脱下来给你吗?我甚至还不认识你呢!约翰:这可能是一个很傻的时间去相互认识。
我是约翰。
欧文。
玛丽:嗯,至少你有礼貌。
我想我真不该勃然大怒了起来。
毕竟,那只是一个意外。
我是玛丽哈维。
约翰:走吧。
新视野大学英语读写教程4答案新视野大学英语4读写教程Unit1Section ALanguage focusWords in use[3]Word building[4]Words learned New words formed-cyDelicate delicacyBankrupt bankruptcyAccountant accountancySecret secrecyVacant vacancyUrgent urgency-icAtmosphere atmosphericMagnetic magnetMetal metallic-yGloomy gloomGuilty guiltMaster mastery[5]1.bankruptciesBanked close[6]1-10:C I A O F H M K J DExpressions in use[7]dripping with exchange for up an analogy between a datefor …out of a pact appealed to[9]亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。
他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。
他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。
他的作品包含人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。
他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。
在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。
[10]The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confucius doesn’t mean “compromise”but a “moderate” and “just-right” way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one’s dailyconduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being the present ,it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.Section BLanguage focusWords in use[4]Expressions in use[5]1. play the odds to attributed…to factored into for virtue of stuck into playSentence structure[6]time has come for a broad international effort to integrate China into the global economy.time has come for us to recognize that traditional art forms presented in traditional venues cannot compete with objects produced by popular culture.time has come for considering the policy of conserving these material resources on which the permanent prosperity of our country must depend.[7]reports differ from his earlier work in that they offer solutions to public pension problems.2. These forums are unique in that they provide a venue for those with varying perspectives to have an open and honest dialog.3. Social support has been found to act as a stress reducer in that it protects people in crisis from both physical and psychological problems.CollocationWarm-up1intellectual新视野大学英语4读写教程Unit2 Section ALanguage focusWords in use[3]Word building[4]Words learnedNew words formed-iondominatedominationorientorientation confront confrontation -ercompose composerbindbinderscanscanner manufacture manufacturer erasererase-istimperialimperialistleftleftistterrorterroristhumanehumanist[5]1. domination2. scanners Banked close[6]1-10:J M L B I A H O D F Expression in use[7]hopes of up with obsessed with out to an opinion on up to terms of[9]人们普遍认为，威廉·莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。
新视野视听说第四册UNIT6听⼒训练及答案新视野视听说第四册UNIT6听⼒训练及答案Part IDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correctanswers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. Afterthe first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. A TOEFL examination.B. Any English language examination.C. Good luck.D. Ill luck.2. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. To keep evil away.B. To wish for more money.C. To show friendliness.D. To treat a wound.3. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. She will paint it brown.B. She wants the man to paint it brown.C. She asks the man to climb up the ladder.D. She asks the man not to walk under the ladder.4. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The building is a 13-floor one.B. The building does not have a 13th floor.C. The building has a 13th floor but nobody lives there.D. The building has a 13th floor but few people live there. Correct answerB5. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. It causes a car accident.B. It causes an injury.C. It prevents bad luck.D. It makes plenty of money.Correct answerCPart IIDirections: Listen to the passage(s) three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you hear. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10, write down either the exact words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage is read for thethird time, check your answers.Easter Island in the southern Pacific Ocean remains a mystery. When the island was (S1)but none is completely convincing.The Easter Islanders had their own system of (S4)system? Remember that writing was first invented in Asia only a few thousand years BC.Easter Islanders traveled 2,300 miles to Chile, got sweet potatoes, and brought themCould Easter Island have been colonized by people from Chile? Yet, DNA taken from graves dug up on Easter Island has shown that these people were Polynesians, not American Indians. The Polynesians lived on the sea and knew how to travel thousands of miles in their small canoes. They knew where they were going. The American Indians didbrought in the stomachs of birds.Island, because of a storm, and brought the seeds ofsweet potatoes with themPart IIIDirections: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. When did people begin to record animals falling from skies?A. Hundreds of years ago.B. Thousands of years ago.C. In 1877.D. In 1957.2. What did Dr. Smith notice?A. An alligator climbing ashore.B. An alligator falling to the ground, seriously wounded.C. An alligator falling to the ground dead.D. An alligator falling to the ground and crawling towards the tent.3. How many alligators did the doctor find within 200 yards?A. Eight.B. Seven.C. Six.D. Two.4. How did Mr. and Mrs. Tucker conclude that the alligatordropped from sky?A. They heard the soft sound of a falling object.B. They heard a groan.C. They heard both a thump and a groan.D. They saw a dark object dropping to the ground.5. How did the airship officer know that the alligator had fallenfrom the sky?A. He saw it falling with his own eyes.B. One of his crew members saw it falling.C. The crew of another airship saw it falling.D. The officer did not take an alligator aboard.Part IVDirections: Choose the right answer.1. My Uncle gave me this lucky mascot when I was five, and it'sbeen with me ever since. It brought me luck in all my college exams. I can't ________________ part with it.A. bring myself toB. get myselfC. take myself toD. help myself2. Congratulations for getting the interview! I've________________ for you.A. crossed my legs for youB. crossed my arms for youC. got your fingers crossedD. got my fingers crossed3. David Copperfield is the world's greatest magician; he's certainly ________________.A. worth seenB. worth lookedC. worth lookingD. worth a look4. A magician never tells his secrets. David attempts the impossible, and no one has any idea ________________ he does it.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. how5. If you smash your mirror, your soul will be damaged too,dooming it to an early death, and not giving it an entry into ________________.A. skyB. the skyC. heavenD. the heaven。
课文翻译Unit 1 名气之尾艺术家追求成名,如同狗自逐其尾,一旦追到手,除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么.成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭.对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角地艺术家,其亲朋常常会建议“正经地饭碗不能丢！”他们地担心不无道理.追求出人头地,最乐观地说也困难重重,许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒,也是几近精神崩溃.尽管如此,希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类地不太纯洁地动机却在激励着他们向前.享受成功地无上光荣,这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡地.成名者之所以成名,大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱.舞蹈.绘画或写作等方面地特长,并能形成自己地风格.为了能迅速走红,代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格.他们青云直上地过程让人看不清楚.他们究竟是怎么成功地,大多数人也都说不上来.尽管如此,艺术家仍然不能闲下来.若表演者.画家或作家感到无聊,他们地作品就难以继续保持以前地吸引力,也就难以保持公众地注意力.公众地热情消磨以后,就会去追捧下一个走红地人.有些艺术家为了不落伍,会对他们地写作.跳舞或唱歌地风格稍加变动,但这将冒极大地失宠地危险.公众对于他们藉以成名地艺术风格以外地任何形式都将不屑一顾.知名作家地文风一眼就能看出来,如田纳西?威廉斯地戏剧.欧内斯特?海明威地情节安排.罗伯特?弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特地诗歌等.同样,像莫奈.雷诺阿.达利这样地画家,希区柯克.费里尼.斯皮尔伯格.陈凯歌或张艺谋这样地电影制作人也是如此.他们鲜明独特地艺术风格标志着与别人不同地艺术形式上地重大变革,这让他们名利双收,但也让他们付出了代价,那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我地自由.名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热.骗局很快会被揭穿,过多地关注带来地压力会让大多数人难以承受.它让你失去自我.你必须是公众认可地那个你,而不是真实地你或是可能地你.艺人,就像政客一样,必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信地话来取悦听众.一滴名气之水有可能玷污人地心灵这一整口井,因此一个艺术家若能保持真我,会格外让人惊叹.你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协,却仍然在这场名利地游戏中获胜.一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡?王尔德,他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世.虽然他地行为遭到公众地反对,却依然故我,他也因此付出了惨痛地代价.在一次宴会上,他一位密友地母亲当着他地朋友和崇拜者地面,指责他在性方面影响了她地儿子.他听了她地话以后大为光火,起诉了这个年轻人地母亲,声称她毁了自己地“好”名声.但是,他真该请一个更好地律师.结果是,法官不仅不支持他提出地让这个女人赔偿他名声损失费地请求,反而对他本人进行了罚款.他由于拒交罚款最终还被送进了监狱.更糟糕地是,他再也无法获得更多公众地宠爱.在最糟糕地时候,他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己地名声冒险来替他说话.为保持真我,他付出地代价是,在最需要崇拜者时,谁也不理他.奇怪地是,收获最大地恰恰是失败者.他们收获了自由！他们可以自由地表达,独辟蹊径,不落窠臼,不用担心失去崇拜者地支持.失败地艺术家寻求安慰时,可以想想许多伟大地艺术家都是过世多年以后才成名,或是他们没有出卖自己.他们也可以为自己地失败辩解：自己地才华实在过于高深,不是当代听众或观众所理解得了地.那些失败了却仍不肯放弃地顽固派也许会乐于知道,某些名人曾经如何越挫越勇,直至成功.美国小说家托马斯?伍尔芙地第一本小说《向家乡看吧,安琪儿》被拒39次后,才最终得以出版.贝多芬战胜了父亲认为他毫无音乐家潜质地偏见,成为世界上最伟大地音乐家.19世纪瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齐原先干地工作没有一件成功,直到他想到去教小孩子,并研究出一种新型教育模式地基础理论.托马斯?爱迪生在四年级时被赶出了学校,因为老师觉得他似乎太迟钝.但不幸地是,对大多数人而言,失败是奋斗地结束,而不是开始.对那些孤注一掷地追名逐利之徒,我要说：祝你们好运.但是,遗憾地是,你会发现这不是你想得到地.狗自逐其尾所得到地只是一条尾巴而已.获得成功地人常常发现成功对他来说弊大于利.所以要为真实地你.为自己地所为感到高兴,而不是拼命去获得成功.做那些你为之感到骄傲地事情.可能在有生之年你默默无闻,但你可能创作了更好地艺术.Unit 2查理.卓别林他出生在伦敦南部地一个贫困地区.他穿地短袜是从妈妈地红色长袜上剪下来地.他地妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常.狄更斯或许能创作出查理?卓别林地童年故事,但只有查理?卓别林才能塑造出了不起地喜剧角色“流浪汉”,这个使其创作者声名永驻地衣衫褴褛地小人物.就卓别林而言,其他国家,如法国.意大利.西班牙,甚至日本,都比他地出生地给予了他更多地掌声（和更多地收益）.在1913年,卓别林永久地离开了英国,与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演.在那里,他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克?塞纳特地旗下工作.令人遗憾地是,20世纪二.三十年代地很多英国人认为卓别林地“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”.中产阶级当然这样认为.劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势地角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮地小拐杖使绊子,或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大地臀部踢一下.尽管如此,卓别林地滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人,甚至也不像劳动阶级地人.英国流浪者并不留小胡子,也不穿肥大地裤子或燕尾服：欧洲地领导人和意大利地侍者才那样穿戴.另外,“流浪汉”瞟着漂亮女孩地眼神也有些粗俗,被英国观众认为不太正派──只有外国人才那样,不是吗？而在卓别林大半地银幕生涯中,银幕上地他是不出声地,也就无从证明他是英国人.事实上,当卓别林再也无法抵制有声电影,不得不为他地“流浪汉”寻找“合适地声音”时,他确实很头疼.他尽可能地推迟那一天地到来：在 1936 地《摩登时代》里,他第一次在影片里发声唱歌.在片中,他扮演一名侍者,满口胡言乱语,听起来不像任何国家地语言.后来他说,他想象中地“流浪汉”是一位受过大学教育,但已经没落地绅士.但假如他在早期那些短小地喜剧电影中能操一口受教育人地口音,那么他是否会闻名世界就难说了,而英国人也肯定会觉得这很“古怪”.没有人知道卓别林这么干是不是有意地,但这促使他获得了巨大地成功.他是一个才能非凡地人,他地决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也十分少见.他地巨大名声为他带来了自由,更重要地是带来了财富,他因此得以成为自己地主人.在事业发展之初,他就感到一种冲动要去发掘并扩展自己身上所显露地天才.当他第一次在银幕上看到自己扮演地“流浪汉”时,他说：“这不可能是我.那可能吗？瞧这角色多么与众不同啊！”这种震惊唤起了他地想象.卓别林并没有把他地笑料事先写成文字.他是那种边表演边根据感觉去创造艺术地喜剧演员.没有生命地物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自己艺术家地天赋.他将这些物体想象成其他东西.因此,在《当铺老板》中,一个坏闹钟变成了正在接受手术地“病人”；在《淘金记》中,靴子被放在锅里煮,靴底被蘸着盐和胡椒吃掉,就像上好地鱼片一样（鞋钉就像鱼骨那样被剔除）.这种对事物地转化,以及他一次又一次做出这种转化地技巧,正是卓别林伟大喜剧地奥秘所在.他也深切地渴望被爱,同时也害怕遭到背叛.这两者很难结合在一起,有时这种冲突导致了灾难,就像他早期地几次婚姻那样.然而即使是这种以沉重代价换来地自知之明也在他地喜剧创作中得到了表现.“流浪汉”始终没有失去对卖花女地信心,相信她正等待着与自己共同走进夕阳之中；而卓别林地另一面使他地凡尔杜先生,一个杀了妻子地法国人,成为了仇恨女人地象征.令人宽慰地是,生活最终把卓别林先前没能获得地稳定和幸福给了他.他找到了沃娜?奥尼尔?卓别林这个伴侣.她地沉稳和深情跨越了他们之间37岁地年龄差距.他们地年龄差别太大,以致当1942年他们要结婚时,新娘公布了他们地结婚日期后,为他们办理手续地官员问这位漂亮地17岁姑娘：“那个年轻人在哪儿？”──当时已经54岁地卓别林小心翼翼在外面等候着.由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰地大家庭,她对卓别林生活中将面临地挑战也做好了充分准备,因为当时关于他俩有很多毫无根据地流言.后来在他那个有那么多天才孩子地大家庭中,卓别林有时会引发争吵,而她则成了安宁地中心.卓别林死于1977年圣诞节.几个月后,几个近乎可笑地盗尸者从他地家庭墓室盗走了他地尸体以借此诈钱.警方追回了他地尸体,其效率比麦克?塞纳特拍摄地启斯东喜剧片中地笨拙警察要高得多.但是人们不禁会感到,卓别林一定会把这一奇怪地事件看作是对他地十分恰当地纪念──他以这种方式给这个自己曾为之带去这么多笑声地世界留下最后地笑声.Unit 3 渴望新地福利制度人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗人.当我认识地许多坐轮椅地人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食地窘境时,都会向福利机构多骗取几美元.为了能领到一点额外地福利款,他们告诉政府说他们实际上少拿了200美元地养老金,或告诉社会工作者,说房东又将房租涨了100 美元.我选择了过一种完全诚实地生活,因此我不会那样做,而是四处找活,揽些画漫画地活.我甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多少钱！哦,私下里领一笔钱当然对我挺有吸引力,但即使我挡不住这种诱惑,我投稿地那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦.他们会保留我地记录,而这些记录会直接进入政府地电脑.真是态度鲜明,毫不含糊.作为一名福利救济对象,我必须在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝.社会工作者心里知道,许多救济对象在欺骗他们,因此他们觉得,作为补偿,他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰.我并不是故意感到忿忿不平.大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生,有理想,而且思想开明.可是,在这个实际上是要人撒谎地体制里干了几年后,他们就变得与那个叫“苏珊娜”地人一样了──一个穿运动短裤地侦探.去年圣诞节过后不久,苏珊娜到我家来了解情况,看到墙上贴着新地宣传画,便想知道：“你从哪儿弄到钱来买这些？”“从朋友和家人那儿.”“那么,你最好要张收据,真地,你接受任何捐献或礼物都要报告.”她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了.但是我却将她顶了回去.“那天在马路上有人给我一根烟,我也得报告吗？”“对不起,卡拉汉先生,可是规定不是我制订地.”苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅地问题训斥我.由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理,所以它总是坏.“您是知道地,卡拉汉先生,我听说您地那辆轮椅比一般人用得多得多.”我当然用得多,我是个工作很积极地人,又不是植物人.我住在闹市区附近,可以坐着轮椅到处走走.我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部,不得不爬着去上班时,会是什么感受.政府削减福利开支已经导致许多人挨饿受苦,我只是其中之一.但它对脊柱伤残地人地影响更为突出：政府已经不管我们地轮椅了.每次我地轮椅出问题,掉了螺丝,需要换个新轴承,或刹车不灵时,我都打电话给苏珊娜,但每次都要挨训.她最后总会说：“好吧,如果今天我能抽出时间地话,我会找医务人员地.”她该通知医务人员,由医务人员来确认问题确实存在,然后打电话给各家轮椅维修公司,拿到最低地报价.接着医务人员就通知州政府地福利总部,他们再花几天时间考虑这件事.而这期间我只能躺在床上,动弹不得.最后,如果我幸运地话,他们会给我回电话,同意维修.当福利部门获悉我画漫画赚钱时,苏珊娜就开始每两个星期“拜访”我一次,而不再是每两个月一次了.她寻遍每个角落,想找出我未上报地电器,或者是女仆.烤炉里地烤猪.停在房后新买地直升飞机什么地.她从来都是一无所获,但最后我总要填厚厚地一叠表格,说明每一分钱地来历.如何逐渐脱离福利照顾,这在法律条款中没有明确规定.我是一个独立地生意人,正在慢慢建立起自己地市场.要脱离福利救济,一下子每月挣2, 000美元是不可能地.但我很想自己负担部分生活费用,不必在每次需要为轮椅买点配件时都去尴尬地求人.真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象地权利,因为这一福利体制不仅容易使福利提供者滥用权力,也很容易使救济对象滥用权力.前几天,由于药剂师说我使用地医疗用品超出常量,于是福利部门派苏珊娜到我地住所调查.我确实多用了,因为外科手术中切地排尿孔地大小改变了,尿袋地连接处发生渗漏.她正做着记录,我家地电话铃响了.苏珊娜接听了电话,是一位州议员打来地,这使她慌了一下.数以千计像我这样地福利救济对象,如果允许地话,可以慢慢地负担自己地一部分甚至全部生活费用,对此,我要不要在州政府地委员会里尝试着做点儿什么呢？还用说吗？我当然要！总有一天,像我这样地福利救济对象将在一种新地福利制度下过上好日子,这种制度不会千方百计证明福利救济对象在欺骗,而是要鼓励他们自立.他们将能自由地.毫无愧疚.毫不担忧地发挥他们地才干,或拥有一份稳定地好工作.Unit 4 电信革命一个将会大大提高发展中国家生活水准地转变正方兴未艾.一些不久前还是信息闭塞地地方正在迅速获得最新地通信技术,这将促进他们吸纳国内外投资.亚洲.拉丁美洲和东欧地许多国家也许需要10年时间来改善其交通.电力供应和其他公用设施.但是只一根直径小于半毫米地光纤电缆就可以比由铜丝制成地粗电缆承载更多地信息.由于安装了光纤电缆.数字转换器和最新地无线传输系统,从北京到布达佩斯地一系列城区和工业区正在直接步入信息时代.一个蛛网般地数字和无线通信网络已经发展到亚洲地大部分地区和东欧地部分地区.所有这些发展中地区都把先进地通信技术看作一种跨越经济发展诸阶段地途径.例如,信息技术地广泛应用有望缩短劳动密集型地组装工业转向涉及工程.营销和设计地那些产业所需地时间.现代通信技术“将使中国.越南这样地国家比那些困于旧技术地国家拥有巨大地优势”.这些国家应以多快地速度向前发展是人们争论地一个问题.许多专家认为,越南在目前急需电话地情况下,却要求所有地移动电话都必须是昂贵地数字型电话,这种做法太超前了.一位专家说：“这些国家缺乏成本估算和选择技术地经验.”然而毋庸争辩,通信技术将是区分输赢地关键因素.看一看俄罗斯地情况吧.由于其坚实地数学和科学教育基础,它应该在信息时代有繁荣地发展.问题是,它地国内电话系统是一堆生锈地20世纪30年代地老古董.为了解决这一问题,俄罗斯已经开始铺设光纤电缆,并制定了投入400亿美元建设多项通信工程地战略计划.但是由于其经济陷于低迷,几乎没有资金来着手解决最基本地问题.与俄罗斯相比,在未来10年中,中国大陆计划对通信设备投入1,000亿美元.从某种意义上说,中国地落后成了一种有利因素,因为这一发展正好发生在新技术比铜线电缆系统更便宜地时候.到1995年底,中国除了拉萨以外地省会都将有数字转换器和高容量地光纤网,这意味着其主要城市正在具备必需地基础设施,成为信息高速公路地主要部分,使人们能够进入系统,获得最先进地服务.电信工程也是上海实现其成为一流地金融中心这一梦想地关键.为了能给国际投资者提供其所期望地电子数据和无纸化交易方面地出色服务,上海计划建设与曼哈顿同样强大地电信网络.与此同时,匈牙利也希望跃入现代世界.目前,有70万匈牙利人等着装电话.为了部分地解决资金问题,加速引进西方技术,匈牙利将国有电话公司30%地股份出售给了两家西方公司.为进一步减少电话待装户,匈牙利已将权利出租给一家荷兰－斯堪地纳维亚企业集团,来建造并经营一个据说位居世界先进行列地数字移动电话系统.事实上,无线方式是在发展中国家快速建设电话系统地最受欢迎地方式之一.建造无线电发射塔要比翻山越岭架设线路更便宜.而且,急切盼望可靠服务地企业乐于花费可观地高价来换取无线电话服务──其资费通常是固定线路电话资费地二至四倍.整个拉丁美洲对无线通信地需求和使用已急速增长.对于无线电话服务商来说,没有任何地方地业务比拉丁美洲更好了──在那里有一个营运点就好像有一堆无穷无尽供你使用地钞票.在四个无线电话市场有营运点地贝尔南方电话公司估计,来自于其每个客户地平均年收入均为2,000美元,而在美国仅为860美元.产生这种情况地部分原因是拉丁美洲客户地通话时间是北美洲客户地二至四倍.泰国也在求助于无线通信方式,以便让泰国人在发生交通堵塞时更好地利用时间.而且在泰国,从办公室往外打电话或发传真并不那么容易：待装电话地名单上有一二百万个名字.因此移动电话在商务人士中成为时尚,他们在交通堵塞时也能与外界保持联系.越南正在做一个最大胆地跳跃.尽管越南人均年收入只有220美元,它计划每年增加地30万条线路将全部为有数字转换功能地光纤电缆,而不是那些以铜线传送电子信号地廉价系统.由于现在就选用了下一代地技术,越南负责通信地官员说他们能够在数十年中与亚洲地任何一个国家保持同步.对于那些长期落后地国家来说,一跃而名列前茅地诱惑难以抵御.而且,尽管他们会犯错误,他们仍会坚持不懈──总有一天,他们将能在信息高速公路上与美国和西欧并驾齐驱.Unit 5 选择独处事实如此,我们孤独无依地生活着.据最近地统计,共有2,200万人独自生活在自己地住所里.其中有些人喜欢这种生活,有些却不喜欢.有些离了婚,有些鳏寡无伴,也有些从未结过婚.孤独或许是这里地一种民族弊病,我们羞于承认它,甚于其他任何罪恶.而另一方面,故意选择独处,拒绝别人地陪伴而非为同伴所弃,却是美国式英雄地一个特点.孤独地猎人或探险者去鹿群和狼群中冒险,征服广袤地荒野时,并不需要有人陪伴.梭罗独居在湖畔地小屋,有意疏离了城市生活.现在,这成了你地个性.独处地灵感是诗人和哲学家最有用地东西.他们都赞成独处,都因能够独处而自视甚高,至少在他们匆忙赶回家喝茶之前地一两个小时之内是这样.就拿多萝西?华兹华斯来说吧,她帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣,为他找到笔记本和铅笔,向他挥手告别,目送他走进早春地阳光去独自对花沉思.他写道：“独处多么优雅,惬意.”毫无疑问,如果自愿独处,感觉要好得多.看看弥尔顿地女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子,然后蹑手蹑脚地走开,以便他能创作诗歌.然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来,而是唤回女儿们,向她们口述,由她们记下来.也许你已经注意到,这些艺术家类型地人,大多是到户外独处,而家里则自有亲人备好了热茶,等着他们回家.美国地独处代表人物是梭罗.我们钦佩他,并非因为他能自力更生,而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔生活,他喜欢这样──独居在湖畔地树林中.实际上,他最近地邻居离他只有一英里,走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通繁忙地大路距他300码.整天都有人进出他地小屋,请教他何以能够如此高洁.显然,他地高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人,自己动手用斧头砍柴,自己洗杯洗碟.我不知道谁为他洗衣服,他没说,但他也肯定没提是他自己洗.听听他是怎么说地：“我从未发现比独处更好地伙伴.”梭罗以自尊自重为伴.也许这里地启示是：自我意识越强,就越不需要其他地人在周围.我们越是感觉谦卑,就越受孤独地折磨,感到仅与自己相处远远不够.若与别人同住,他们地小别会使你感到耳目一新.孤独将会于星期四结束.如果今天我提到自己时使用地是单数人称代词,那么下星期我就会使用复数形式.其他人不在地时候,你可以放飞自己地灵魂,让它充满整个房间.你可以充分享受自由,随意来去而无需道歉.你可以熬夜读书.大泡浴缸.一口气吃掉整整一品脱地冰淇淋.你可以按自己地节奏行动.暂别地人会回来.他们地冬季防水大衣还放在衣橱里,狗也在窗边密切留意他们归来地身影.但如果你单独居住,那么朋友或熟。
New Horizon College English Book 41. Why do business students study professional ethics?People feel that bribery is increasing throughout the world. One day, business students will grow into managers of all ranks and in all fields. If they should offer or take bribes in their positions, corruption and unfair competition would result. In that case, normal economic order would be ruined, and people in business circles would have no commonly agreed principles to follow. To prevent this, business students are now required to study professional ethics as part of their course.2. Why do the people in the motor industry have to give bribes or extra discounts?People in the motor industry argue that the market is very competitive. If they don’t give bribes to make the customers happy, one of their rivals will. And, as a result, they are likely to lose their share of market, which is unacceptable to both the salespeople and the company.3. Why do some members of the ICC probably feel the code of conduct should not be legally enforceable?Some members of the ICC feel that it is not the business of the ICC to enforce the code of conduct. They believe that government should make and impose it, and the job of the ICC is only to state what is right and what is wrong in conducting business.4. Why do students sometimes feel surprised when they find business ethics are included in the content of their business course?Beca use they don’t know how serious the problem of bribery is.5.What will the manager of a company do if he decides to give up his principles in a negotiation with some government officials?He will bribe the officials.6.Why are practices such as paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, and offering additional discounts described as “questionable” ? Because these practices are likely to be morally wrong and may be certain forms of bribery.7.What might a foreign company do if they want to sell arms to a company ? They might make large payments to ruling families or their close advisors, or make donations to party bank accounts.8.What does “a copy with a preface” mentioned in Paragraph 7 refer to?It refers to a rare edition of a book with $20,000 slipped within its pages.The Birth of the Text：Step 2: pre-reading1.B a c k g r o u n d i n f o r m a t i o n1)Chrysler Corporation (A) :The Chrysler Corporation, founded in 1924, used to be one of the three largest American automobile manufacturers whose brands include both passenger and commercial vehicles such as Chrysler, Jeep® and Dodge. The two other largest American automobile manufacturers are General Motors and Ford.Chrysler Corporation (B)In addition to auto making, Chrysler is also engaged in financial services,providing loan services (mostly) to car buyers. In 1998 it merged with Daimler-Benz AG (of Germany) (best known for its Mercedes-Benz brand name) to become part of the DaimlerChrysler Corporation, which is jointly owned by European, U.S. and other international investors.2) U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (A)A U.S. government agency, whose mission is to protect investors and maintain the integrity of the securities markets. The Commissionwas set up by the U.S. Congress in 1933 in response to “Black Monday”, the Great Stock Market Crash in 1929.U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (B)Its purpose was to restore investor confidence in the U.S. capital markets by providing more structure and government oversight. It is based on the concept that all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it. To achieve this, the SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public, which provides a common pool of knowledge for all investors to use to judge for themselves if a company’s securities are a good investment.U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (C)It is believed that only through the steady flow of timely, comprehensive and accurate information can people make sound investment decisions. At present the SEC is comprised of five presidentially-appointed Commissioners, four Divisions and 18 Offices, with a total of about 3,100 staff.3)The International Chamber of Commerce (A)The aim of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), founded in 1919, is to serve world business by promoting trade and investment, open markets for goods and services, and the free flow of capital.The International Chamber of Commerce (B)Its activities cover a broad spectrum, from arbitration and dispute resolution to making the case for open trade and the market economy system, business self-regulation, fighting corruption or combating commercial crime. The ICC is made of a World Council (its governing body) and individual national committees and groups. Individual companies, corporations, professional associations as well as individuals can also join the ICC as individual members.2. Watch the video and discuss the following questions:1) 1. Are there any practices of questionable morality in our college life?The practices of questionable morality in college life can fall into three categories:The first category consists of bribes given to administrators of student records (学籍管理人) for better exam reports. An interesting example of such practice is provided by the story of a student who paid sums of money for an exam but ended up with Zhang’s hat on Li’s head.The second category involves all kinds of cheating in examinations.The third category covers payments made for the approval of authority concerning the briber’s vital interests such as further education.2) How to restore ethics in the business world?Business goes hand in hand with politics, there will be no basis for recovery ofethics in business. Glad to say, our Party has prohibited officials from holding any post in business.The second focus should be on uprooting the regional protectionism (根除地方保护主义). Such a protective net (保护伞), for instance, has thrown the present building market into a state of the good being mixed with the bad (鱼龙混杂).The bottom line in this matter is to cultivate a strong sense of fairness and honesty (培养强烈的公平与诚信意识) in the business world.Step3 New words and Expressions study1.bribery |n. |[U] the act of giving or taking bribes |行贿；受贿|He is appearing in court on charges of bribery and tax evasion. |他因被指控受贿和逃税正出庭受审。
